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96 results on '"S. Kowalska"'

1. Screening for depression in chronic haemodialysis patients as a part of care in dialysis setting: a cross-sectional study

Author

Alicja Kubanek, Marcin Renke, Beata R. Godlewska, Przemysław Paul, Mateusz Przybylak, Anna S. Kowalska, Piotr Wąż, Michał Błaszczyk, Aleksandra Macul-Sanewska, Przemysław Rutkowski, Kamila Czarnacka, Krzysztof Bednarski, and Jakub Grabowski

Subjects
depression, screening, haemodialysis, compliance, dementia, BDI-II, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

BackgroundDepressive disorder is common among haemodialysis patients. The purpose of this study was to explore approaches to diagnosing depression in the context of a real-life setting, with the view of creating practical recommendations. It also aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depression and dementia.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in two Dialysis Centres in Poland. Cognitive functions were evaluated using Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE). The screening for depressive symptoms was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). The diagnosis of major depressive disorder was confirmed by a psychiatrist using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5). Sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected.ResultsInitially, 136 patients agreed to participate in the study. Dementia was found in 13% of the study group. Sixty-two patients did not agree to perform all the proposed tests and were not included in the analysis, which eventually consisted of 70 patients. According to BDI-II, depressive symptoms were present in 35.7% of patients, while the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) was confirmed by the psychiatrist in 25.7%. According to the ROC analysis the optimal cut-off score for diagnosing MDD using BDI-II was ≥13 points.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the regular screening for depressive symptoms, followed by a psychiatric consultation in selected patients, might improve diagnosing depression with the goal of achieving a higher quality of life and a lower mortality rate. It may also be a cost-effective model for the management of depression among the haemodialysis population.

Published
2024
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6. Laboratory and Pilot Scale Tests of a New Potential-Controlled Method of Copper Industrial Electrolysis

Author

Marcin Kwartnik, S. Kowalska, Przemyslaw Los, and Aneta Lukomska

Subjects
Electrolysis, Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, Electrolyte, Reuse, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrochemistry, Copper, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, chemistry, law, Scientific method, Materials Chemistry, Diffusion (business), Electrowinning
Abstract

Copper electrorefining and electrowinning industrial processes are carried out on industrial scale as current-controlled processes practically from the beginning of the commercial exploitation. However, it is the electrode potential which is a driving force of electrochemical process. The copper electrodeposition from industrial electrolytes is in fact a very complex multi-ion process. Consequently, the theoretical analysis of the experimental results should take into account that in concentrated and complex matrix electrolytes migration, convection and diffusion are mass transfer modes. However, there is only very limited number of papers where copper electroreduction from concentrated electrolytes is considered and most of the published theoretical and experimental studies are carried out in diluted electrolytes of relatively simple compositions where only diffusion of copper ions is considered in theoretical analysis. In the present paper some basic aspects of potential-controlled electrolysis of copper in concentrated and industrial electrolytes as a new method of copper electrorefining and electrowinning are presented and discussed. The pilot scale tests results of copper potential-controlled electrolysis are published for the first time. Apart from the possible industrial applications, studies of the electrochemical processes in concentrated electrolytes are very important from the basic research point of view. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any

Published
2014
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8. Obtaining and properties of polyolefin composites metamaterials with copper micro- and nanoflakes

Author

A. Łukomska, Regina Jeziorska, S. Kowalska, P. Łoś, and Jerzy Krupka

Subjects
Electrolysis, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Scanning electron microscope, General Chemical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Metamaterial, Dielectric resonator, Copper, law.invention, Polyolefin, Micrometre, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Materials Chemistry, Composite material, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

In the paper a novel preparation method of polyolefin composites of metamaterial properties is presented. The studied composites were obtained by melt mixing of polyolefins and copper flakes of micrometer and/or nanometer-size, as conducting inclusions. The precise control of thickness and structure of the copper layer was achieved by the application of the current pulse and reversed current pulse electrolysis. The structure of the deposited layer on a stainless steel plate and size of copper flakes in polymer composites were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electromagnetic properties of prepared metamaterials were measured by split dielectric resonator methods.

Published
2011
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9. Metamaterials based on polymer dispersions of nanoparticles and particles of copper obtained by cathodic current pulse electrolysis

Author

P. Łoś, Aneta Łukomska, S. Kowalska, Przemysław Zaprzalski, Regina Jeziórska, and Jerzy Krupka

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Polypropylene, Electrolysis, Nanocomposite, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Nanoparticle, Metamaterial, chemistry.chemical_element, Polymer, Condensed Matter Physics, Copper, law.invention, Micrometre, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, law, General Materials Science, Composite material
Abstract

In the present paper a novel group of electromagnetic metamaterials as well as the method of their fabrication is presented. The studied metamaterials are polymer composites and nanocomposites made of polymer matrix/host (ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene, polypropylene etc.) filled with copper flakes, of micrometer and/or nanometer size, as the conducting inclusions. The copper filler flakes were obtained by cathodic current pulse electrolysis from copper sulfate electrolytes at the stainless steel electrodes. SEM analysis showed that the morphology and structure of the copper deposit can be precisely controlled by applying different kind of current pulse and reversed current pulsed electrolysis. The polymer composite metamaterials formed by extrusion of small beads of polymer mixed with the copper flakes consisted of polymer matrix and copper flakes, ranging in length from 1 to 500 micrometers, and ranging in thickness from 80 nm to 2000 nm. The concentration of the copper flakes ranged from 0.5 wt% to 40 wt%, depending on the applications and required electromagnetic and mechanical properties. The studied materials were found to exhibit effective magnetic permeability that was smaller than unity, which is indicative of the typical properties of metamaterials. Present development solves technological and economical problems related to modern microelectronics methods which are currently mainly used for metamaterial fabrication.

Published
2011
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10. Chitin filaments from dibutyrylchitin precursor: Fine structure and physical and physicochemical properties

Author

S. Kowalska, K. Dorau, A. Jeziorny, Sławomir Sztajnowski, Wiesława Urbaniak-Domagała, Henryk Wrzosek, Lidia Szosland, E. Sztajnert, Barbara Lipp-Symonowicz, and G. Urbanczyk

Subjects
Dibutyrylchitin, Polymers and Plastics, Chemistry, Crystal system, General Chemistry, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Amorphous solid, Crystallinity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chitin, Chemical engineering, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Crystallite, Swelling, medicine.symptom
Abstract

Chitin filaments obtained after alkaline hydrolysis of dibutyrylchitin ( DBCH ) precursor filaments were investigated. The morphological structure, fine structure, and selected physical and physicochemical properties were studied. The studies of morphological structure included the assessment of the cross-section profile, the length and developing index of the contour line of the cross sections, the appearance of spherolitical crystalline aggregations, and the existence of skin-core building. The appraisal of the fine structure comprised the recognition of the lattice crystal system and the parameters of the unit cell, the crystallinity degree and average lateral crystallite sizes, and the crystalline and amorphous orientation. The characterization of physical properties included the appraisal of density, mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical properties. In the area of physicochemical properties, swelling and dyeability were examined.

Published
1997
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11. Fine Structure and Selected Properties of Dry- and Wet-Spun Butyrylchitin Filaments

Author

E. Sztajnert, K. Dorau, Barbara Lipp-Symonowicz, A. Wrzosek, A. Jeziorny, G. Urbanczyk, and S. Kowalska

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Butyrylchitin, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Crystallography, Chemical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Solubility, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The macro- and fine structure of dry- and wet-spun butyrylchitin filaments are studied using high, medium, and low molecular weight butyrylchitin. Density, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties and physicochemical properties such as solubility and dyeability of the filaments are examined.

Published
1996
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12. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author

H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. D'Angelo, N. Baumann, S. Yorifuji, H. P. Endtz, M. A. Cassatella, R. A. C. Hughes, V. Golzi, A. Bittencourt, A. Ferreira, M. Sanson, C. Alper, M. Vermeulen, M. A. A. van Walderveen, E. Alexiou, C. H. Lucas, M. Fiorelli, Y. N. Debbink, R. Gil, S. Congia, T. Banerjee, J. M. Bouchard, A. N. Pinto, A. Ceballos-Baumann, G. Grollier, P. I. M. Schmitz, M. D. Catata, N. Lahat, N. S. Rao, P. Papathanasopoulos, J. Valls-Solé, D. Claus, G. Schroter, A. Castro, C. Videbaek, R. Martinez Dreke, A. D. Platts, M. Hermesl, A. C. PeÇanha-Martins, M. Cardoso Silva, P. Masnou, M. J. A. Tanner, Ch. Confavreux, B. Mishu, H. Rasmussen, L. Valenciano, Carlo Pozzilli, S. W. Li, V. Salzman, Y. Vashtang, Massimo Franceschi, M. Severo, G. Deuschl, S. Setien, G. Mariani, A. Protti, J. Castillo, M. J. B. Taphoorn, M. Frontali, I. Milonas, D. Decoq, J. A. Navarro, S. Castellvi-Pel, C. Ertikin, M. Urtasun, Y. Lajat, B. E. Kendall, E. Verdu, B. Gueguen, E. Boisen, R. Couderc, A Danek, JM Stevens, F. Nicoli, L. Feltri, M. L. Vazquez-Andre, J. A. Morgan-Hughes, L. D'Angelo, F. Y. Liew, L. F. Pascual, J. Patrignani Ochoa, Vittorio Martinelli, J. Cophignon, L. Zhang, S. Martin, J. F. Meder, H. C. Buschmann, L. Bertin, J. van Gijn, A. Barreiro, A. Cools, C. Leon, A. Berod, E. A. Anllo, E. Zanette, L. Petrov, R. Barona, B. Gallicchio, P. J. Cozzone, N. Diederich, G. Cancel, L. Schelosky, P. Orizaola, K. Yulug, S. Ozer, Valeria A. Sansone, B. Guiraud-Chaumeil, K. Voigt, P. Labauge, M. Eoli, J. Zhu, J. Aguirre, M. Ferrarini, B. Zyluk, E. Planas, A. Cadilha, C. Tortorella, H. Bismuth, C. E. Counsell, A. Laun, A. Ferlini, Rio J. Montalban, N. Biary, L. Becker, M. Fardeau, M. Poloni, V. M. S. de Bruin, C. Fornada, J. Barros, E. Ganzmann, E. Touze, D. Wallach, J. Peila, H. Fujimura, M. T. Iba-Zizen, G. Macchi, C. Villoslada, R. Gouider, Ph. Rondepierre, P. Grummich, P. Chiodi, C. Conte, M. Michels, P. Annunziata, G. Semana, C. Sommer, J. Vajsar, D. Zekin, J. Kulisevsky, David G. Munoz, B. Jacotot, M. Magoni, A. Luxen, T. Garcia-Silva, S. Di Cesare, Christophe Tzourio, M. Gomori, I. Picomell, L. Santoro, F. Villa, Giovanni Pennisi, T. Ribalta, J. M. Molto, L. Marzorati, P. Loiseau, F. Gemignani, A. Gironell, J. Wissel, A. Prusinski, F. Cailloux, P. Villanueva-Hemandez, P. Cozzone, T. Del Ser, J. Sans-Sabrafen, M. Zappia, P. W. A. Willems, G. Tchernia, D. Gardeur, R. Bauer, F. Palomo, H. Metz, S. Lamoureux, C. Chastang, I. Reinhard, A. Goldfarb, S. Harder, Jordi Río, C. Ozkara, E. Tekinsoy, P. Vontobell, J. De Recondo, M. Rabasa, L. Lacomblez, F. Boon, Dgt Thomas, V. Palma, Renato Mantegazza, A. Dervis, M. Nueckel, B. YalÇinerner, I. Duran, G. Dalla Volta, A. Zubimendi, J. Pinheiro, A. Marbini, Xavier Montalban, H. Wekerle, X. Pereira Monteino, F. Crespo, F. Koskas, N. Battistini, C. Ruiz, H. Offner, J. de Pommery, P. Kanovsky, J. Y. Barnett, J. Pardo, G. Tomei, R. Rene, H. M. Lokhorst, P. Thajeb, H. Bilgin, D. McGehee, R. Fahsold, L. Morgante, Katie Sidle, C. Delwaide, M. N. Diaye, P. H. Rice, A. Creange, C. Sabev, K. Stephan, K. WeilBenborn, G. Magnani, L. Grymonprez, F. Cardellach, M. Kaps, N. G. Meco, F. Vega, V. Bonifati, A. Desomer, M. Baldy-Moulinier, G. Kvale, F. J. Authier, B. Yegen, T. Ho, J. M. Rozet, E. A. Cabanis, L. Bruce, L. Ambrosoli, M. A. Petrella, M. Hernandez, P. Timmings, H. B. van der Worp, F. Mahieux, A. Urbano-Marquez, D. A. Krendel, A. A. Garcia, R. Divari, R. Michalowicz, M. R. Piedmonte, M. Bondavalli, M. Zanca, P. F. Ippel, Onofre Combarros, B. Tavitian, E. Hirsch, I. Anastasopoulos, A. Roses, A. Köhler, P. Vienna, V. Timmerman, P. Sergi, F. Cornelio, A. Di Pasquale, R. Verleger, S. Castellvirel, J. Proano, B. van Moll, F. Rubio, W. Hacke, I. Lavenu, L. Zetta, M. W. Tas, N. Bittmann, M. Bonamini, O. R. Hommes, V. Dousset, N. Afsar, S. Belal, R. R. Myers, J. Goes, Giuseppe Vita, E. Clementi, V. G. Karepov, M. Jueptner, A Vincent, P. Emmrich, Th. Heb, A. Caballo, J. Gallego, T. Mokrusch, C. Perla, L. Gebuhrer, O. 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Brizioli, J. Calleja, L. Publio, M. Desi, R. Soffietti, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, E. F. Gonano, G. Cavaletti, S. Uselli, K. Westerlind, H. Betuel, C. O. Dhiver, H. Guggenheim, M. Hamon, R. Fazio, P. Lehikoinen, A. Esser, B. Sadzot, G. Fink, Angelo Antonini, D. Bendahan, V. Di Carlo, G. Galardi, A. F. Boller, M. Aksenova, Del Fiore, V. de la Sayette, H. Chabriat, A. Nicoletti, A. Dilouya, M. L. Harpin, E. Rouillet, J. Stam, A. Wolters, M. R. Delgado, Eduardo Tolosa, G. Said, A. J. Lees, L. Rinaldi, A. Schulze-Bonhage, MA Ron, C. Lefebvre, E. W. Radü, R. Alvarez, M. L. Bots, P. Reganati, S. Palazzi, A. Poggi, N. J. Scolding, V. Sazdovitch, T. Moreau, E. Maes, M. A. Estelies, P. Petkova, Jose-Felix Marti-Masso, G De La Meilleure, N. Mullatti, M. Rodegher, N. C. Notermans, T. A. T. Warner, S. Aktan, J. P. Louboutin, L. Volpe, C. Scheidt, W. Aust, C. M. Wiles, U. Schneider, S. K. Braekken, W. R. Willems, K. Usuku, Peter M. Rothwell, C. Talamon, M. L. Sacchetti, A. Codina, M. H. Marion, A. 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Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. 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C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg

Subjects
Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
1994
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13. [Nasal lavage, rhinomanometry and rhinoscopy in diagnosing occupational airway allergy]

Author

S, Kowalska, A, Krakowiak, W, Sułkowski, U, Ruta, and J, Gruchała

Subjects
Adult, Male, Occupational Diseases, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, Humans, Endoscopy, Female, Nasal Cavity, Therapeutic Irrigation, Asthma, Rhinomanometry
Abstract

The aim of the study was to estimate the usefulness of nasal lavage, rhinomanometry and rhynoscopy in diagnosing occupational allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. 26 subjects with suspected bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis due to occupational allergens were examined. Each subject had medical history collected and underwent physical examination, skin prick tests (SPT) with common and occupational allergens, determination of total and specific IgE, specific bronchial or nasal provocation with determination of spirometric parameters, morphological and biochemical changes in nasal lavage fluid (NLF). Moreover the anterior rhinomanometry and rhynoscopy were performed before and after the provocation. A significant increase in the percentage of eosinophils and albumin was observed in NLF up till 24 hr after the specific challenge, but only in the group of 16 subjects with diagnosed occupational airway allergy. The authors observed also the presence of mucosal oedema and rhinorrhea in this group of patients more frequently than in the group of patients without diagnosed occupational airway disease. No significant changes were observed in the frequency of positive rhinomanometry test between the analysed groups of patients.

Published
2002

14. [Assessment of the hearing system in workers chronically exposed to carbon disulfide and noise]

Author

S, Kowalska, W, Sułkowski, and H, Sińczuk-Walczak

Subjects
Adult, Occupational Diseases, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, Carbon Disulfide, Chemical Industry, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural, Occupational Exposure, Chronic Disease, Humans, Middle Aged, Noise, Severity of Illness Index, Aged
Abstract

Epidemiological studies carried out in the years 1984-1993 revealed carbon disulfide (CS2) to be one of the major chemical occupational hazards. Whereas among physical factors, noise was found to be the most common threat. Industrial workers very often face a combined exposure of two or more factors, like CS2 and noise, responsible for significant biological risk to the human health, although health effects of such an exposure have not as yet been thoroughly recognized and explored. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the hearing system in people exposed to toxic effect of CS2, recognized as characteristic of an overall clinical history of chronic poisoning by this solvent, in cases of concomitant exposure to noise exceeding maximum allowable levels. The study covered 80 workers aged 44-65 years (mean = 44.9 +/- 5.1), employed in a spinning mill of viscose fibre for 20.3 years on average (+/- 5.4 years) with clinically observed chronic CS2 poisoning, and a group of 40 people (mean age = 56.8 years) exposed to CS2 but without subjective or objective symptoms indicating chronic poisoning by the solvent. Both groups of subjects at similar age and with almost the same duration of employment were exposed to CS2 in concentrations changing in time between 10 and 35 mg/m3 (mean concentration = 25.8 mg/m3), and to continuous noise with the level ranging from 88 to 92 dB(A) for six hrs per one shift. The control group was composed of 40 workers (mean age = 52.0 +/- 5.3 years) employed in the cotton industry plant, without contact with CS2 or other chemicals and working in the acoustic environment with similar level of exposure to noise (86-93 dB(A)). Audiological and electronystagmographic examinations revealed bilateral retrocochlear hearing impairment associated with symptoms of the central vestibular syndrome in 97.5 subjects with diagnosed chronic CS2 poisoning. In workers free from clinical symptoms of chronic CS2 poisoning, perceptive hearing impairment of various degrees was found, including retrocochlear in 45% of subjects and cochlear in 32.5%, while in 22.5% of those under study normal hearing was observed. In the control group of subjects exposed to noise without contact with CS2, sensorineural cochlear hearing loss, typical of chronic acoustic trauma without concomitant vestibular disorders, was revealed. The results of the study show that in subjects with diagnosed chronic CS2 poisoning and exposed to noise, hearing impairment and vestibular disorders occur in the form of central changes which suggests a dominating CS2 toxic effect on the hearing system. But in some people exposed to both CS2 and noise, the hearing impairment in localised in cochlea like in acoustic trauma damage. This probably depends on individual susceptibility to harmful effect of these factors.

Published
2000

15. Tinnitus and impulse noise-induced hearing loss in drop-forge operators

Author

W, Sułkowski, S, Kowalska, A, Lipowczan, D, Prasher, and E, Raglan

Subjects
Adult, Male, Tinnitus, Audiometry, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, Occupational Exposure, Noise, Occupational, Prevalence, Humans, Industry, Middle Aged
Abstract

Tinnitus is frequently accompanied by noise-induced hearing losses, and perhaps as it is assumed--particularly with those arising from exposure to impulsive types of noise. In order to explain it and to estimate a prevalence of tinnitus in the industrial, impulse noise workers the group of 261 drop-forge operators exposed to impulses with peak levels of 135 dB versus 169 age-matched controls was subjected to otological and audiometric examination, and then the complaints for tinnitus in both groups have been analysed. The prevalence of tinnitus, highest in operators with longer exposure duration (10 years) was found in 184 individuals (70.4%) versus 6 (3.5%) in controls. The findings closely corresponded with the degree of impulse noise-induced hearing loss. As the maximum audiometric notch was mostly localised at 6 kHz and rarely at 4 kHz, consequently the approximate pitch of the tinnitus was related to the frequencies where hearing was most affected. It is concluded that impulse noise-induced tinnitus may be sometimes more severe in its effects than is hearing loss, thus it creates an additional reason for strict hearing conservation programmes.

Published
1999

16. [Otoacoustic emission measurements: clinical case reports. Part III]

Author

S, Kowalska and W, Sułkowski

Subjects
Adult, Male, Acoustic Impedance Tests, Acoustic Stimulation, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural, Audiometry, Pure-Tone, Humans, Auditory Threshold, Severity of Illness Index, Cochlea
Abstract

Measurement results of click evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE) and distortion products otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) in a case of sensorineural hearing loss in a case of sensorineural hearing loss in a patient with a history of oticus zoster with nerve VII palsy are presented. Feasibility of using otoacoustic emissions measurements for hearing loss type identification is discussed.

Published
1997

17. [Actual and perspective activities of the European Union concerning protection against noise]

Author

S, Kowalska and W, Sułkowski

Subjects
Occupational Diseases, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, International Cooperation, Humans, European Union, Health Promotion, Noise, World Health Organization, Societies, Medical, Forecasting
Abstract

In most industrialised countries exposure to noise is one of major health problems which, because of its social and economic dimension has been given priority in the area of preventive activities. It is estimated that only in Europe about 25-30 million people are employed in conditions under exposure to noise at excessive levels, harmful to the hearing organ, generating the risk of hearing loss (disability), and in consequence limiting the possibility of active life. Acknowledging the significance of the problem and its consequences the World Health Organization (WHO) in cooperation with the International (ISA) and European Federation of Audiological Society (EFAS) has developed the programme for the protection against noise. The prime aims of the programme are to establish the cooperation between scientists, health services and technicians in order to promote knowledge and exchange of experience, to improve workers' health, and to identify the biological, neuropsychological and psycho-social effect of noise exposure on the hearing ability. The authors discuss basic objectives and adopted strategies of experimental and clinical studies carried out in countries of the European Union, participating in the implementation of the programme. The WHO guidelines for the reduction in noise exposure in the working, municipal and recreation environments are also presented.

Published
1997

18. Measurements of click-evoked otoacoustic emission in industrial workers with noise-induced hearing loss

Author

S, Kowalska and W, Sułkowski

Subjects
Adult, Male, Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous, Reproducibility of Results, Middle Aged, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Occupational Diseases, Acoustic Impedance Tests, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem, Audiometry, Pure-Tone, Humans, Industry
Abstract

Click-evoked otoacoustic emission (c-EOAE) was analysed in a group of 122 males (= 244 ears) occupationally exposed to industrial noise levels of 89-94 dB (A). The highest intensity of cochlear responses was observed at 1 and 2 kHz, while at the higher frequencies (3-4 kHz), c-EOAE spectrum was contracted proportionally to the level of the hearing loss and duration of occupational exposure to noise. If hearing loss in pure-tone audiometry exceeded 30 dB HL at 1 kHz and 40 dB at 2 and 4 kHz, c-EOAE was absent. The analysis of the relationship between c-EOAE spectrum and hearing threshold in pure-tone audiogram showed correlation (R = 0.43 to 0.48, at p0.01) between distribution of emission energy and hearing threshold at the same range of frequencies. It was found that the c-EOAE amplitudes as well as the values of c-EOAE energy in the noise-exposed people were lower by about 3 dB SPL than in the controls, especially at 4 kHz even in cases of pure-tone hearing thresholdsor = 20 dB HL. This study indicates that, owing to c-EOAE, it is possible to detect a slight noise-induced cochlear lesion which may be overlooked in pure-tone audiometry.

Published
1997

19. [Otoacoustic emission measurements: clinical case reports. Part II]

Author

S, Kowalska and W, Sułkowski

Subjects
Male, Acoustic Stimulation, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, Occupational Exposure, Audiometry, Pure-Tone, Humans, Middle Aged, Electric Stimulation, Cochlea
Abstract

Measurement results of click evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE) and distortion products otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) in two perceptive deafness cases of different severity resulting from long years of exposure to industrial noise are presented. Agreement of emissions measurements with pura tone audiogram is evaluated and their feasibility for hearing loss type identification is discussed.

Published
1996

20. [The usefulness of impedance audiometry for the diagnosis of occupational hearing loss]

Author

S, Kowalska, W, Sułkowski, and M, Sliwińska-Kowalska

Subjects
Adult, Occupational Diseases, Acoustic Impedance Tests, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, Ear, Middle, Humans, Workers' Compensation, Stapedius, Middle Aged, Occupational Health, Reflex, Acoustic, Cochlea
Abstract

The use of impedance audiometry for determining hearing threshold and locating hearing impairments was investigated in 112 people exposed to occupational noise. Tympanometry and the stapedius reflex threshold measurements (ART) were made using Madsen ZO 2020 set. The comparison of ART findings, particularly the interval between tonal audiometric threshold and stapedius reflex threshold, helped to diagnose cochlear location of hearing impairment in 17 subjects (15.2%) and extracochlear in 70 (62.5%) out of all the examined subjects. The analysis of the study results has confirmed the usefulness of impedance audiometry also when patients' simulation has to be excluded in the case of their claiming compensation for occupational hearing loss.

Published
1995

21. [Value of impedance audiometry in audiology and otoneurology]

Author

S, Kowalska and W, Sułkowski

Subjects
Occupational Diseases, Acoustic Impedance Tests, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Humans, Auditory Threshold, Hearing Disorders
Abstract

The authors present views, selected from the literature, on the development and significance of impedance audiometry as well as on the clinical application of this objective method in audiological and otoneurological diagnosis. Special attention is paid to the usefulness of impedance audiometry in objectivization of the hearing threshold and detection of simulation in the diagnosis of occupational hearing impairments.

Published
1994

22. [Preliminary results of otoacoustic emission measurement and standard values in young subjects with normal hearing. Part II. Measurement of effects of acoustic distortion]

Author

S, Kowalska, W, Sułkowski, and Z, Murowaniecki

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Hearing, Ear, Middle, Humans, Female, Hearing Disorders, Electric Stimulation, Functional Laterality
Abstract

The paper discusses the results of DPOAE measurement in 44 young subjects with normal hearing capacity. The measurements were carried out separately for each ear (88 measurements altogether). Otoacoustic responses to continuous two-tone stimulation (f1 and f2) with an intensity range of 46-71 dB SPL were recorded. Mean DPOAE values from 2f1-f2 measurement for the right ear in males and females varied from 2.6 +/- 5.6 to1 5.4 +/- 6.9 (within the range 0.7-6.0 kHz). For the left ear the respective values were 3.9 +/- 4.7 to 19.1 +/- 4.0. In most of subjects an increase in DPOAE values for frequencies higher than 3 kHz was found, which is characteristic of middle ear emission. The statistical analysis of DPOAE measurements in males and females did not reveal significant differences except for a few parameters. In both sexes the intensity of f1 and f2 stimuli at the frequency of 1.5 kHz was found to be significantly different at p = 0.48. The results of DPOAE measurements can be regarded as a statistical probability of standard. In view of the lack of approved calibration standards, the data obtained from the study will be considered a local set of standard values and will be used for clinical interpretation of pathological cases.

Published
1994

23. Electric response audiometry and compensational noise-induced hearing loss

Author

W, Sułkowski, M, Sliwińska-Kowalska, S, Kowalska, and G, Bazydło-Golińska

Subjects
Adult, Male, Malingering, Adolescent, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, Audiometry, Pure-Tone, Humans, Auditory Threshold, Female, Electric Stimulation, Cochlea
Abstract

With the current epidemic of compensation claims for occupational noise-induced hearing loss, the number of claimants in whom hearing test results do not reflect the true hearing status still inexorably increase. The incidence of a such cases with feigned hearing loss is reported at between 20 and 25 per cent of all patients being tested. Searching for any reliable indicators useful in uantifying a valid hearing thresholds the authors present their own experience with the electric response audiometry (ERA) by the use of the Amplaid MK 10 system a series of 56 malingerers. A suggested test protocol including the click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and the 40 Hz logon-evoked middle latency responses (MLR) is discussed as a promising method for determining a frequency-specific threshold.

Published
1994

24. The statokinesiometry in evaluation of the balance system in persons with chronic carbon disulphide intoxication

Author

W J, Sułkowski, S, Kowalska, Z, Sobczak, and Z, Jóźwiak

Subjects
Male, Occupational Diseases, Carbon Disulfide, Chemical Industry, Poisoning, Chronic Disease, Electronystagmography, Humans, Middle Aged, Postural Balance, Kinesis
Abstract

In the group of 37 patients with chronic carbon disulphide (CS2) intoxication manifested by encephalopathy, polyneuropathy or psycho-organic syndrome and complaining for vertigo, a statokinesiometric test was performed with open and closed eyes, and with visual stimulation. Basic test parameters of stabilograms and statokinesiograms were compared with standard values of the control group. Results of the test were additionally verified by electronystagmography with the recording of spontaneous, positional, optokinetic and post-rotatory nystagmus as well as the eye-tracking test. The statokinesiometry revealed postural stability disorder in 72.9% of patients. Balance disorders detected by means of this test showed high compatibility with results of electronystagmography which confirmed damage of the central part of vestibular system due to CS2 intoxication.

Published
1992

25. [Diseases of the upper respiratory tract in furniture industry workers]

Author

S, Kowalska, W, Sułkowski, and G, Bazydło-Golińska

Subjects
Adult, Male, Occupational Diseases, Laryngitis, Rhinitis, Atrophic, Humans, Female, Pharyngitis, Air Pollutants, Occupational, Poland, Middle Aged, Wood, Interior Design and Furnishings
Abstract

A group consisting of 100 cabinet-makers (at average age of 44.6 +/- 12.8 years) employed at furniture manufacturing plants exposed to wood dust at concentrations exceeding several times (from 7 to 8 times) the hygienic standard was subject to examination. The higher, as compared to the data for general population, prevalence of chronic rhinitis , pharyngitis, laryngitis--among other--atrophic rhinitis and pharyngitis which occurred in 37% of examined population, increasing together with prolonging period of exposure was found. At the same time there have not been found any cases of allergy, nasal or nasal sinuses neoplasms which could be a result of exposure to wood dust.

Published
1990

26. Headache in Children With Kimmerle Anomaly

Author

M. Sawrasewicz-Rybak, W. Split, W. SułKowski, and S. Kowalska

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), General Medicine, Kimmerle Anomaly, business
Published
1995
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27. [Internal ear damage in vibration syndrome caused by local vibration]

Author

S, Kowalska and W, Sułkowski

Subjects
Adult, Male, Occupational Diseases, Vestibular Diseases, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural, Metallurgy, Audiometry, Pure-Tone, Electronystagmography, Humans, Poland, Middle Aged, Vibration, Nystagmus, Pathologic
Abstract

Unlike with the vibration syndrome caused by general vibration whose clinical picture may exhibit internal ear impairments in the of hearing losses and vestibular disturbances, similar lesions in the vibration syndrome due to local vibration have not been confirmed explicitly. For better explanation of this issue, analysed were the results of audiometric and electronystagmographic (ENG) tests in a group of 40 otologically healthy++ men, in whom during 1986-1987 the angioneurotic vibration syndrome was diagnosed. The results were analysed considering subjects' age and duration of work in exposure; evaluation involved the increase in hearing thresholds for pure tones (audiometer Peters AP-6) and quantitative and qualitative changes in ENG records (electronystamograph Tonnies D-420 TS), calculating, among others, amplitudes and angular velocity of nystagmus slow phase. In 75% of subjects (30 persons) sensorineural hearing losses of different degree were found, mostly within the 3000-8000 Hz range, demonstrating a directly proportional dependence on the length of employment. Symptoms of vestibular disturbances in ENG records were detected in 57.2% (23) persons with marked predominance of the cases of vibration exposure over 10 years. The authors analyse mechanisms of the development of internal ear impairments in result of local vibration and concomitant noise.

Published
1989

28. [A permanent noise-induced shift in the auditory threshold in textile industry workers]

Author

W, Sułkowski, S, Kowalska, and A, Lipowczan

Subjects
Adult, Male, Occupational Diseases, Sex Factors, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, Textile Industry, Age Factors, Noise, Occupational, Humans, Auditory Threshold, Female, Middle Aged
Abstract

Hearing thresholds have been measured in 236 cotton weaving mill workers (124 women: average age 42.5 +/- 11.2 years, average length of employment 19.5 +/- 10.6 years and 112 men: average age 41.2 +/- 10.3 years, average length of employment 19.0 +/- 11.1 years) exposed to continuous broadband noise of the constant level of approx. 100 dB-A. 90% of subjects exhibited the permanent threshold shift characterized by a great individual variability and maximum loss at the 4 kHz frequency. Those lesions were getting enhanced with increasing length of exposure and were more serious in elder age groups. No significant differences between the hearing loss intensity in men and women were found. The development of the hearing loss is characterized by its rapid increase within 3, 4 and 6 kHz during the initial 8 years of exposure, stabilization between years 9-12 and slow moderate increase within the further 13-31 years of exposure. Those conclusions should be implemented into practice through an increase in the frequency of preventive audiometric tests in the initial period of work in exposure which has such a great impact on the development of the hearing impairment.

Published
1986

30. [State of the organ of hearing and equilibrium in acute carbon monoxide poisoning]

Author

S, Kowalska

Subjects
Adult, Male, Electronystagmography, Middle Aged, Nystagmus, Pathologic, Hearing Loss, Bilateral, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Hearing, Vertigo, Audiometry, Pure-Tone, Humans, Female, Vestibule, Labyrinth, Hearing Loss
Abstract

The examinations covered 50 patients (28 females and 24 males), aged 30.1 (+/- 12.1) hospitalized for accidental and suicidal acute CO poisoning. 17 patients were exposed for 50 minutes to 2--3 hr and 9 patients for 6 hr. The remaining patients failed to establish for how long they had had contact with the poison. All the patients underwent tonal threshold and suprathreshold audiometric examinations and electronystagmographic examination at rest following kinetic and optokinetic stimulation. 21 (42%) patients developed bilateral receptive hearing impairment of various degree, mostly (80%) extracochlear impairment. 3 cases (6%) were close to deafness. 43 patients (86%) had vestibular organ impaired, as shown by idiopathic nystagmus in 7 persons (14%), nystagmoidal movements and square waves in 24 persons (48%), asymmetry in reaction in 30 patients (60%), areflection in 2 patients (4%) and abnormal optokinesis in 20 patients (40%).

Published
1980

31. [Quantitative evaluation of autonomic reactions evoked by angular acceleration stimuli]

Author

B, Latkowski, W, Tkaczewski, R, Fidelski, W, Sułkowski, T, Tomas, and S, Kowalska

Subjects
Adult, Male, Sympathetic Nervous System, Adolescent, Eye Movements, Acceleration, Action Potentials, Electronystagmography, Middle Aged, Vestibular Function Tests, Cardiovascular System, Electrocardiography, Humans, Vestibule, Labyrinth, Lung
Published
1979

32. [State of the hearing and equilibrium organs in workers exposed to carbon monoxide]

Author

S, Kowalska

Subjects
Adult, Male, Occupational Diseases, Air Pollutants, Carbon Monoxide, Humans, Auditory Threshold, Air Pollutants, Occupational, Vestibule, Labyrinth, Middle Aged, Hearing Loss, High-Frequency
Abstract

In 78 men occupationally exposed to carbon monoxide, audiometric and electronystagmographic examinations have been carried out. In 66.6% of cases, receptive hearing impairment has been found. Vestibular changes, found in 79.5% of the group concerned, are regarded as typical and frequent effects of CO exposure. The results confirm ototoxic effects of carbon monoxide.

Published
1981

33. [Hearing disorders in industrial workers: clinical analysis of the cases observed in the audiological laboratory of the Lódź Institute of Occupational Medicine during the years 1976-1980]

Author

W, Sułkowski and S, Kowalska

Subjects
Adult, Male, Occupational Diseases, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, Humans, Female, Poland, Middle Aged, Ear Diseases, Hearing Disorders
Abstract

The documentation of 697 cases with suspected, as suggested by regional health service units, occupational aetiology, was analysed. Within consultation those cases underwent complex audiological evaluation at the Laboratory of Audiology, using following examinations: pure tone threshold and suprathreshold audiometry, malingering tests, speech audiometry and electronystagmographic tests. The findings revealed that only 30% of subjects confirmed noise-induced hearing loss. 65.2% of those subjects exhibited cochlear localization, whereas in the remaining 34.8% the results of audiological tests showed retrocochlear impairment. The calculated mean hearing losses were characterized by symmetrical changes both in the right and left ear, as well as by directly proportional dependence on subjects' duration and exposure and age, men having more advanced hearing loss than women, despite identical mean parameters of age and exposure of both sexes. In 70% cases hearing losses were not regarded as occupational diseases, which resulted from: functional disturbances found in form of aggravation and simulation (15.3%), the presence of hearing loss lesser than the one specified by the certification rule (15.1%), post--inflammatory and adhesional changes in the middle ear (12.3%) and lack of significant exposure to noise (8.3%). It has been settled that the major causes of the diagnostic errors that we had detected were: deficient audiometric apparatus, erroneous technics of hearing measurements (among others--without masking), lack of the determination of hearing thresholds for bone conduction, drawing conclusions from single examinations, giving up simulating tests, improper evaluation of the data on occupational exposure. The considerations summing up the results of analysis include an optimum methodology of audiological studies, required standard conditions of audiometry and principles of differential diagnostics as indispensable elements of proper certification procedures in setting up the hearing impairments etiology in industrial workers.

Published
1982

34. [Perforation of the nasal septum of occupational origin]

Author

S, Kowalska and W, Sułkowski

Subjects
Adult, Chromium, Male, Air Pollutants, Rhinitis, Atrophic, Humans, Female, Air Pollutants, Occupational, Middle Aged, Abscess, Nasal Septum
Abstract

Perforations of nasal septum as typical effects of exposure to certain hazards are a particular health problem among the diseases of upper respiratory tract mucous membranes (entry 10 on the list of occupational diseases). To obtain more data on etiopathogenetic factors and correlations between the clinical picture and exposure duration, the documentation of the patients in whom perforation was diagnosed during 1972-1979 was analysed epidemiologically. The examinations covered 185 workers of various industrial branches-salina, chemical plants, leather plants, tanneries, electroplating plants-who developed nasal septum perforation due to local effects of working environment irritants. In the test group the nasal septum was defected mostly in those exposed to chromium compounds (46.5%) and in salina workers (44.3%). In the remaining 9.2% of subjects the septum perforation resulted from exposure to arsenic, nickel, silicone compounds, cadmium, fluorine, soda and ammonia. The clinical course of the disease was presented as classified by industrial branch, occupational exposure, age and length of employment. In addition, procedures of diagnostics, certification and prevention were considered.

Published
1983

35. [Respiratory tract in workers chronically exposed to cement dust]

Author

J, Izycki, L, Gielec, W, Sułkowski, and S, Kowalska

Subjects
Male, Occupational Diseases, Construction Materials, Spirometry, Chronic Disease, Humans, Dust, Bronchitis, Lung
Abstract

175 men working at productive divisions of a cement plant (average age 39,5 years +/- 8.3, average duration of employment 9.3 years +/- 4.8) and 50 controls (average age 38.7 +/- 11.9 and average duration of employment 10.7 +/- 10.0) were examined. The survey involved: a complex evaluation of respiratory tract, including internal, radiological, spirographic, gasometric and capnographic examinations. The results demonstrated chronic bronchitis in 17% of cement plant workers and in 10% of controls. Qualitatively, chronic bronchitis was more advanced in cement plant workers. Chronic bronchitis prevalence increased with duration of work in exposure to cement dust. Chest radiograms gave no cause for diagnosing pneumoconiosis in any case. Mean values of dynamic spirographic indices were lower than in controls, the differences were, however, statistically insignificant. Instead, the mean values of partial pressures of carbon dioxide and oxygen were statistically significantly lower, than those in controls, though they did not differ much from normal values.

Published
1979

37. [Epidemiology of occupational cancer of the upper respiratory tract in Poland 1971-1985]

Author

W, Sułkowski, N, Szeszenia-Dabrowska, and S, Kowalska

Subjects
Adult, Male, Occupational Diseases, Cocarcinogenesis, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Neoplasms, Asbestosis, Smoking, Humans, Middle Aged, Respiratory Tract Neoplasms
Abstract

Incidence of the occupational cancer of the upper respiratory tract has been assessed on the basis of analysis of the data from central register of the occupational disease recognized by the state sanitary-epidemiological service. 99 cases versus 374 all registered occupational cancers of different target organs were found, entirely in men of the mean age 53.6 +/- 6.8 years, and of mean exposure duration 21.3 +/- 8.3 years. The greatest number of cases concerned the workers employed in engineering (23.2%) metallurgical (18.2%) and chemical (14.1%) industry in age groups 50-59 years (55.5%) and duration 16-20 years and above (75.6%). Among carcinogens identified in the work environment, tars, soots and oils with content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (46.5%), chromium compounds (24.3%), "other" chemicals like ferric oxide, dichlorobenzidine, N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine (9.1%), and asbestos (9.1%) have predominated in proportions given in brackets. In the major part of cases analysed in the study, the larynx was affected (86.9%), and only individual cancers were localized within oral cavity (7.1%), pharynx (4.0%), nose and nasal sinuses (2.0%). Finally, some general difficulties with identification of human environmental carcinogens, and with explaining possible associations between specific cancer sites and industrial chemicals action have been discussed.

Published
1986

39. [Ear protective plugs]

Author

W, Sułkowski, S, Kowalska, J, Kieruczenko, E, Krezelewska, Z, Sławiński, and S, Wośko

Subjects
Protective Devices, Noise, Occupational, Humans, Ear Protective Devices, Noise
Abstract

The authors present results of studies of application of polyurethane foam to produce individual sound-absorbing ear plugs. In addition to physico-mechanical properties of the foam, the authors present its optimum prescribed composition, ensuring appropriate attenuation qualities, flexibility, softness and long -- lasting strain relaxation -- i.e. the conditions resulting in excellent filling of external auditory meatus, masking effect and utilization comfort. The efficiency of attenuation of sounds by the plugs, tested audiometrically by the method of auditory threshold shift in otologically healthy subjects ranges from 12.25 dB (250 Hz) to 29.75 dB (4000 Hz). No significant inflammatory reactions in external ear skin were found after 8 hrs of continuous wearing of ranges under the work conditions typical for the textile industry. The results demonstrate that the polyurethane foam, developed by the authors, are valuable ear protectors, of advantageous functional qualities.

Published
1979

41. Effect of Grinding Process Parameters and Storage Time on Extraction of Antioxidants from Ginger and Nutmeg.

Author

Poliński S, Topka P, Tańska M, Kowalska S, Czaplicki S, and Szydłowska-Czerniak A

Subjects
Antioxidants chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Phenols chemistry, Ethanol chemistry, Zingiber officinale chemistry, Myristica
Abstract

The aim of this study was to optimize the grinding process parameters (mesh size of grinder sieve (X 1 ), the peripheral velocity of the grinding wheels (X 2 )), and the storage time (X 3 ) of ground ginger rhizome and nutmeg to obtain ethanol and ethanol-water extracts with improved antioxidant properties. The optimal conditions were estimated using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-variable Box-Behnken design (BBD) in order to maximize the antioxidant capacity (AC) determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, and the total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) method in spice extracts. Additionally, the phenolic acid profiles in extracts from optimized conditions were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). It was found that the optimal preparation conditions for antioxidant extraction were dependent on the spice source and solvent type. The best antioxidant properties in nutmeg extracts were achieved for X 1 = 1.0 mm, X 2 = 40-41 Hz and X 3 = 7 days, whereas the optimized parameters for ginger extracts were more varied (1.0-2.0 mm, 43-50 Hz and 1-9 days, respectively). The ginger extracts contained 1.5-1.8 times more phenolic acids, and vanillic, ferulic, gallic, and p -OH-benzoic acids were dominant. In contrast, the nutmeg extracts were rich in protocatechuic, vanillic, and ferulic acids.

Published
2022
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42. Impact of Bioactive Compounds of Plant Leaf Powders in White Chocolate Production: Changes in Antioxidant Properties during the Technological Processes.

Author

Poliński S, Topka P, Tańska M, Kowalska S, Czaplicki S, and Szydłowska-Czerniak A

Abstract

Bioactive compounds present in the powdered leaves of matcha green tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) (MGTP) and moringa ( Moringa oleifera ) (MOLP) seem to be related to health benefits due to their antioxidant properties. The growing accessibility of these powders has led to their being more widely used in food production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) of white chocolate (WCh) supplemented with MGTP and MOLP. AC was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, whereas TPC was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method. Both additives were incorporated at four levels (1, 2, 3 and 4%) in two chocolate processing steps (conching and tempering). Additionally, the amounts of phenolic acids, tocopherols, and carotenoids in WCh samples enriched by MGTP and MOLP were determined to explain their influence on AC. The results showed that the chocolates supplemented with MGTP were characterized by higher antioxidant properties than those with MOLP. In turn, MOLP significantly increased the content of lipophilic antioxidants in chocolates, tocopherols and carotenoids, which also exhibit pro-health effects. Furthermore, the incorporation of these additives during the tempering process was more relevant to the improvement of the antioxidant properties of WCh.

Published
2022
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43. Physicochemical, Antioxidant, Microstructural Properties and Bioaccessibility of Dark Chocolate with Plant Extracts.

Author

Poliński S, Kowalska S, Topka P, and Szydłowska-Czerniak A

Subjects
Computer Simulation, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phenols analysis, Phenols chemistry, Photinia chemistry, Sambucus chemistry, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Antioxidants chemistry, Cacao chemistry, Chemical Phenomena, Chocolate analysis, Plant Extracts analysis, Plant Extracts chemistry
Abstract

In this study, dark chocolates (DCh) containing zinc lactate (ZnL) were enriched with extracts from elderberries (EFrE), elderflowers (EFlE), and chokeberries (ChFrE) to improve their functional properties. Both dried plant extracts and chocolates were analyzed for antioxidant capacity (AC) using four different analytical methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), while total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) assay. An increase in antioxidant properties of fortified chocolates was found, and the bioaccessibility of their antioxidants was evaluated. The highest AC and TPC were found in ChFrE and chocolate with chokeberries (DCh + ChFrE) before and after simulated in vitro digestion. Bioaccessibility studies indicated that during the simulated digestion the AC of all chocolates reduced significantly, whereas insignificant differences in TPC results were observed between chemical and physiological extracts. Moreover, the influence of plant extracts on physicochemical parameters such as moisture content (MC), fat content (FC), and viscosity of chocolates was estimated. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy with dispersive energy spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used to analyze surface properties and differences in the chemical composition of chocolates without and with additives.

Published
2021
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44. Beeswax-Modified Textiles: Method of Preparation and Assessment of Antimicrobial Properties.

Author

Szulc J, Machnowski W, Kowalska S, Jachowicz A, Ruman T, Steglińska A, and Gutarowska B

Abstract

In this work, beeswax was used for the first time for finishing polyester/Cotton/Viscose blend fabric and polyester fabric. The aims of the study were: (1) to characterize the composition of beeswax (using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, GC-MS and 109 AgNPET laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS); (2) to develop a laboratory method for applying beeswax; (3) to assess the antimicrobial activity of beeswax fabrics against bacteria and fungi (AATCC 100-2004 test); and (4) to assess the properties of textiles modified by beeswax. Beeswax was composed of fatty acids, monoacyl esters, glyceride esters and more complex lipids. The bioactivity of modified fabrics was from -0.09 to 1.55. The highest biocidal activity (>1) was obtained for both fabrics against A. niger mold. The beeswax modification process neither affected the morphological structure of the fibers (the wax evenly covered the surface of the fibers) nor their color. The only statistically significant changes observed were in the mechanical properties of the fabrics. The results obtained indicate that modification of fabrics with beeswax may endow them with biocidal properties against molds, which has practical applications, for example, for the prevention of skin mycoses in health and social care facilities.

Published
2020
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45. Influence of Various Climatic Conditions on the Structural Changes of Semicrystalline PLA Spun-Bonded Mulching Nonwovens during Outdoor Composting.

Author

Puchalski M, Siwek P, Panayotov N, Berova M, Kowalska S, and Krucińska I

Abstract

This study analyzed the structural changes of semicrystalline polylactide (PLA) in the form of spun-bonded mulching nonwovens, during outdoor composting. The investigation was carried out at the microstructural, supramolecular and molecular levels using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and the viscosity method, respectively. The obtained experimental results revealed how the popular outdoor composting method, realized under two different European climatic conditions (in Poland and in Bulgaria), affects the degradation of PLA nonwoven, designed for agriculture use. The results showed the insignificant influence of the climatic conditions and prepared compost mixtures on the molecular and micromorphological structure of PLA spun-bonded mulching nonwovens, with a visible increase in crystallinity after the first year of composting. Significant changes were observed only after the second year of composting, which indicates the resistance of semicrystalline PLA to degradation in outdoor composting conditions.

Published
2019
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46. Biological Properties of Low-Toxicity PLGA and PLGA/PHB Fibrous Nanocomposite Implants for Osseous Tissue Regeneration. Part I: Evaluation of Potential Biotoxicity.

Author

Krucińska I, Żywicka B, Komisarczyk A, Szymonowicz M, Kowalska S, Zaczyńska E, Struszczyk M, Czarny A, Jadczyk P, Umińska-Wasiluk B, Rybak Z, and Kowalczuk M

Subjects
Animals, Biomarkers, Cell Line, Cell Survival, Humans, Lactic Acid toxicity, Mice, Polyglycolic Acid toxicity, Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer, Porosity, Prohibitins, Rabbits, Tissue Engineering, Absorbable Implants, Bone Regeneration, Hydroxybutyrates chemistry, Lactic Acid chemistry, Lactic Acid pharmacology, Nanocomposites chemistry, Polyesters chemistry, Polyglycolic Acid chemistry, Polyglycolic Acid pharmacology, Tissue Scaffolds
Abstract

In response to the demand for new implant materials characterized by high biocompatibility and bioresorption, two prototypes of fibrous nanocomposite implants for osseous tissue regeneration made of a newly developed blend of poly(l-lactide- co -glycolide) (PLGA) and syntheticpoly([ R,S ]-3-hydroxybutyrate), PLGA/PHB, have been developed and fabricated. Afibre-forming copolymer of glycolide and l-lactide (PLGA) was obtained by a unique method of synthesis carried out in blocksusing Zr(AcAc)₄ as an initiator. The prototypes of the implants are composed of three layers of PLGA or PLGA/PHB, nonwoven fabrics with a pore structure designed to provide the best conditions for the cell proliferation. The bioactivity of the proposed implants has been imparted by introducing a hydroxyapatite material and IGF1, a growth factor. The developed prototypes of implants have been subjected to a set of in vitro and in vivobiocompatibility tests: in vitro cytotoxic effect, in vitro genotoxicity and systemic toxicity. Rabbitsshowed no signs of negative reactionafter implantation of the experimental implant prototypes., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2017
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47. Studies of levels of biogenic amines in meat samples in relation to the content of additives.

Author

Jastrzębska A, Kowalska S, and Szłyk E

Subjects
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical instrumentation, Electrophoresis, Capillary instrumentation, Food Additives analysis, Food Preservation, Amines analysis, Food Additives chemistry, Meat analysis
Abstract

The impact of meat additives on the concentration of biogenic amines and the quality of meat was studied. Fresh white and red meat samples were fortified with the following food additives: citric and lactic acids, disodium diphosphate, sodium nitrite, sodium metabisulphite, potassium sorbate, sodium chloride, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (propyl gallate) and butylated hydroxyanisole. The content of spermine, spermidine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, tryptamine and 2-phenylethylamine was determined by capillary isotachophoretic methods in meat samples (fresh and fortified) during four days of storage at 4°C. The results were applied to estimate the impact of the tested additives on the formation of biogenic amines in white and red meat. For all tested meats, sodium nitrite, sodium chloride and disodium diphosphate showed the best inhibition. However, cadaverine and putrescine were characterised by the biggest changes in concentration during the storage time of all the additives. Based on the presented data for the content of biogenic amines in meat samples analysed as a function of storage time and additives, we suggest that cadaverine and putrescine have a significant impact on meat quality.

Published
2016
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48. '2+1' tricarbonyltechnetium(I)/tricarbonylrhenium(I) mixed-ligand complexes with methyl thiosalicylate and isocyanide ligands as potential precursors of radiopharmaceuticals.

Author

Koźmiński P, Gniazdowska E, Fuks L, and Kowalska S

Subjects
Isocyanates chemistry, Ligands, Oligopeptides chemistry, Propionates chemistry, Radioisotopes chemistry, Rhenium chemistry, Organotechnetium Compounds chemical synthesis, Radiopharmaceuticals chemical synthesis, Salicylates chemistry, Sulfhydryl Compounds chemistry, Technetium, Tricarboxylic Acids chemical synthesis
Abstract

The complexes of [(99m)Tc]-tricarbonyltechnetium(I) and [(188)Re]-tricarbonylrhenium(I), of the '2+1' type, with methyl thiosalicylate as an anionic bidentate ligand and with either tert-butyl 3-isocyanopropionate or glycine-glycine-tyrosine 4-isocyanobutyrate as monodentate ligands, have been prepared on the n.c.a. scale. The complexes exhibit different lipophilicity and high stability in neutral aqueous solutions. Based on the results of the challenge experiment with histidine, cysteine and glutathione the studied complexes might be considered to be promising models for radiopharmaceutical precursors., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2011
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49. [Tinnitus diagnosis and treatment on the basis of our experiences].

Author

Olszewski J, Kowalska S, and Kuśmierczyk K

Subjects
Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Causality, Comorbidity, Female, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Assessment, Sex Distribution, Spinal Osteophytosis epidemiology, Tinnitus epidemiology, Vertigo epidemiology, Tinnitus diagnosis, Tinnitus therapy
Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analise tinnitus diagnosis and treatment on the basis of our experiences., Material and Methods: 137 patients hospitalizated in Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology Clinic because of tinnitus (88 women - 64% and 49 men - 35,8%) were included to the study. The diagnostic procedures were unified that enabled put forward correct diagnosis. After history and otoscopy, detailed audiologic diagnostic procedures (pure tone audiometry, suprathreshold audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic immittance measures, auditory brainstem responses) were taken. Electronystagmography and videonystagmography, tinnitus loudness match, head and neck radiologic examinations supplemented diagnostic procedures. Alternative tinnitus treatment options were applied., Results: Study confirmed that tinnitus is the most frequent in patients above 50 years old (67,8% of participants). Tinnitus frequently coexist with bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment (69,1% of participants). 40,1% from asalysed group of patients complained of tinnitus of medium frequencies and 30,6% of patients complained of high frequency tinnitus. 42,3% of participants suffered from vertigo., Conclusions: The risk of tinnitus increases in patients above 55 years old that suffer from metabolic conditions and cervical spondylosis. Tinnitus frequently coexist with bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment and are bilateral or they are noticeable in better hearing ear. The most beneficial to tinnitus is causal and symptomatic treatment with several methods application.

Published
2008
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50. [The value of impedance audiometry in the hearing loss diagnosis].

Author

Kowalska S, Konopka W, Słomińska R, and Olszewski J

Subjects
Adult, Auditory Threshold, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Acoustic Impedance Tests methods, Audiometry, Pure-Tone methods, Deafness diagnosis, Ear, Middle physiopathology, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural diagnosis, Tinnitus diagnosis
Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this work was to assess the value of impedance audiometry in the differential diagnostics of hearing disorders, especially in patients suffering from tinnitus., Material and Methods: The analysis dealt with results of the audiological tests in 198 patients (116 female and 82 male), hospitalised in 2007 due to their hearing deterioration, tinnitus or sudden deafness. The conducted audiological tests covered threshold and suprathreshold pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, BERA and impedance audiometry. RESULTS OF THE STUDIES: Women (58.5%) and people over 50 years old (58.6%) constituted the majority of the patients. In 166 (83.8%) patients the conducted tests via impedance audiometry did not prove any deviations from the normal condition, the lesions referred to both ears in 32 (16.9%) patients and one ear in 17 (8.5%) patients. An incorrect tympanogram was found in 23 people, including type As in 11, type Ad in 2, type B in 4 and type C in 6 subjects. Low values of acoustic receptivity of the middle ear were noted in 20 ears, whereas high values in 11 ears. In 3 ears we found low values of the gradient (below 0.3), high values--in 11 ears. The middle ear pressure between -170 and -350 daPa was noticed in 20 ears, and positive values, above +50 daPa up to +75 daPa, in 3 ears. Disorders in the stapedial reflex registration were observed in 38 (19.1%) patients. The assessment of the conducted subjective and objective audiological examinations allowed to recognise bilateral perceptive hearing injuries in 139 patients, including 49 (25.9%) of cochlear origin with OWG, in further 70 patients the hearing loss referred to higher frequencies and was rather slight., Conclusions: The own experiences indicated that the impedance audiometry constitutes the integral part of contemporary audiological diagnostics and still remains an objective method facilitating quick, non-invasive evaluation of the functions of particular elements in the middle ear.

Published
2008
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