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The article presents a rare case of a combination of Ebstein’s anomaly and primary cardiomyopathy in a 14-year-old teenager. The clinical case demonstrates diagnostic difficulties due to an unusual clinical picture, as well as difficulties in interpretation and choice of treatment tactics.

BACKGROUND:HIV and COVID-19 remain some of global health problems today. Complications of these diseases, pregnancy and labor, as well as the perinatal condition of newborns can make a significant contribution to the deterioration of the demographic situation in this country. Summarizing the foreign and domestic literature, one may assess the impact of each individual pathogen on the condition of the pregnant woman and the fetus. However, we have not found data on the associative or antagonistic form of symbiosis of these pathogens, as well as on the joint effect on the pregnancy, labor and the condition of newborns in the available literature. AIM:The aim of this work was to analyze the outcomes of labor in women with the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and HIV infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of birth histories of 63 women who were delivered in S.P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital (Saint Petersburg, Russia) in the period from April 2020 to March 2022. Of these, 26 birth histories are of women with a combination of HIV infection and COVID-19, and 37 birth histories of women with HIV infection alone. We assessed the severity of COVID-19 in pregnant women with HIV infection, the course of labor, complications during childbirth and the condition of newborns. RESULTS:The groups did not differ in the duration of labor, the frequency of labor abnormalities, the volume of blood loss during delivery, the frequency of postpartum complications and the condition of newborns after one and five minutes on the Apgar scale. The duration of the anhydrous interval was significantly longer in women with HIV infection who did not suffer from COVID-19. The frequency of cesarean section was significantly higher in pregnant women with HIV infection and COVID-19. According to pathological examination, inflammatory changes in the placenta and signs characteristic of viral infection occurred more often in the group of women with HIV infection and COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS:The presence of COVID-19 affects the course of labor in patients with HIV infection. However, the frequency of caesarean section in the group of patients with HIV infection and COVID-19 was significantly higher due to obstetric reasons, and was not related to the severity of the mothers condition and the prenatal state of the fetus due to the infectious process. Inflammatory changes in the placenta and signs of a viral infection are more common in patients with COVID-19 and HIV infection. These data suggest that the combined course of these diseases may have a greater negative impact on the fetus than in women with HIV infection who do not suffer from COVID-19.

Purpose. Due to changing climatic conditions and the spread of new viral diseases, an important issue in beet growing is the expansion of plasma ulture using new sterile cytoplasm from wild species of the genus Beta L. as an alternative to Owen’s S-cytoplasm. The goal of this work was to obtain new breeding genotypes based on new cytoplasm. Methods. Cytological, biotechnological. field and laboratory. Results. Availability of recombination in the locus of grafted genes of one-year and two-year development cycles B+b- and hypocotyl colour R+r- was determined using the method of analytical crosses. Earlier we have proved the positive effect of sterility maintainer Beta vulgaris Nxxzz in replacement of the sterility maintainer genome based on our results on the selection of hypocotyl of green color r-rand two-year development cycle b-b- in the interspecific hybrids F2 obtained under the hybridization scheme Beta maritima L: ♀B1C maritima / ♂ Beta vulgaris Nxxzz (Роїк М. В., 2013). In the case of interspecific hybrids, in the conditions of sterile cytoplasm Beta patula L., only backcross offspring of the third cycle of saturating crosses were identified by one- and two-year developmental cycles. Seed bearing plants of BC3S patula of a two-year development cycle were characterized by spreading stems, multi-seeded fruits (3, 4 seeds) and sterile anthers. At the same time, monogermity and a two-year development cycle were restored against the background of sterile cytoplasm of Beta patula L. only among the seed bearing plants of the fourth cycle of saturating crosses. Recombinant genotypes with a red hypocotyl colour and a two-year development cycle BC4S patula R+r- were characterized by multigermity, chimericalness by sterility of CMS‑1 and CMS‑0 type and single- and multi-stem morphological types of anthers. The expression of CMS nuclear genes in the newly replaced BC5S patula lines was marked by high sterility rates of the CMS‑0 type; however, the fertility rates required additional rejection of multigerm seed plants. This is an indicator of the complex structure of the fertility locus in wild Beta patula L. and the special response of the nuclear genome of the sterility maintainers to the new cytoplasmic background. Experimental triploid hybrids with the new introductory sterile cytoplasm Beta patula L. were determined by high sugar content and dry matter content up to 29%. Conclusions. Alloplasmic lines based on the cytoplasm of the wild species Beta patula L are created. Their sugar content at the level of experimental triploid hybrids was 19.5% and 20.5% with a dry matter content of 25% —29%. Alloplasmic lines with a new BCC Beta patula L. recommended for use in the selection process of sugar beets.

Purpose. Revealing the effect of the cytoplasmic genome of replaced lines with the plasma of wild species Beta patula and B. maritima L., and apozygotic lines A4–A8 with the cytoplasm of S vulgaris Owen on the main factors of apozygotic reproduction, seed productivity, germination, monogermity and sterility as affected by the genetic origin of breeding material. Methods. The research was carried out in the Cytogenetics Laboratory (IBCSB), the Laboratory for Apomixis and Polyploidy of the Yaltushkiv EBS, and the Laboratory for Adaptive Breeding (Veselyi Podil EBS). Apozygotic seeds were obtained under a pollen-free regime according to the IBCSB’s Methods for Spatial Isolation and Parchment Insulators. Each seed bearer plant phenotype was determined during the flowering period by pollen sterility and partial flowering. Classification of plants was performed according to Owen (1945), with identifying plants of CMS-0, Type CMS-1, and CMS-2 types. The Monogermity of seed plants was assessed visually by the presence of separate fruits on the central shoots. In 2021, the roots of the replaced lines of the Veselyi Podil EBS were planted under the conditions of a pollen-free regime in the experimental field of the IBCSB. Seed production under apozygositic conditions was studied, taking into account the number of set fruits per 10-cm segment with 5 replications for each seed bearer. Germination was determined on the 10th day and germination vigour on the 5th day. Results. New sources of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) were obtained in the cytogenetics laboratory based on a genetic model of crossbreeding analysis, using differentiation and tools according to the marker-linked genes of hypocotyl color R+r-, and one / two-year development cycle B+b-. The analyzers for the nature of sugar beet sterility were sterility maintainers, dominant homozygotes for recessive genes of anthocyanin color, development cycle, partial fertility and sterility (NBeta vulgaris Sxxzz rr bb). Monogerm pollen-sterile lines with an apomictic way of seed reproduction (Yaltushkiv EBS) (A4–A8 Beta vulgaris Sxxzz rr), selected for the dominant color of the hypocotyl R+r-, stabilized for the trait of monogermity, 100% sterility and 2x gene ploidy, were characterized by low seed productivity. High rates of apozygotic seed development (80 to 96.4% of the number of set flowers) were observed against the background of the sterile cytoplasm of Beta maritima (Turkey). In the CMS BC4S patula line, the number of set apozygotic seeds ranges from 34 ± 0.3 to 39 ± 0.42, and the indicators of degenerated flowers under apozygotic regime varied from 31.2 to 54.3%. Isolated were seed plants with high self-reproduction, such as BC4S maritima Turkey, k.2/1, k.6/2, k.6/3 and k.3/4, k.9/4 on the background of new plasma of wild species of B. patula. The phenomenon of high self-reproduction of seeds (up to 98.5−96.4% of set flowers) was detected in line 21-011 CHS BC5S patula, which was comparable with hybrids and sterility maintainers (97.5−93.1%), which is determined by a special interaction of the beet nuclear genome of sugar beet and new plasma of wild species of the genus Beta L. Conclusions. The apomictic way of seed reproduction ensures the shortening of the breeding scheme for sugar beet due to high seed reproduction of mother parent in substituted lines with new plasma and differentiation by gametophytic reduction of parthenogenesis using morphological marker traits.

The electrical characteristics of power MOSFETs additionally implanted with nitrogen ions have been studied. Ion implantation of nitrogen was carried out through a protective oxide of 23 nm thickness with energies of 20 and 40 keV and doses of 1 ⋅ 1013‒5 ⋅ 1014 cm–2. Rapid thermal annealing was carried out at temperature of 900 or 1000 °C for 15 s. It has been established that nitridisation of the gate dielectric makes it possible to reduce the noise of the gate leakage currents and their dispersion. In the direct order of heat treatment (first rapid thermal annealing, and then the removal of the protective oxide), for samples prepared with an additional operation of nitrogen ion implantation, there is an increase in the threshold voltage compared to control samples. The capacitance of the gate dielectric in the case of implantation of nitrogen ions in the direct order of heat treatment is less than for control samples. It has been established that in the direct order of rapid thermal annealing, the doses of nitrogen ion implantation do not cause significant changes in the maximum value of the current-voltage slope. At the same time, in all studied cases, there is a shift in the maximum value of the current-voltage slope towards higher gate voltages. In the reverse order of heat treatment (first the removal of the protective oxide, and then rapid thermal annealing), there are no significant differences in the value of the threshold voltage for the samples created with additional nitrogen implantation and the control ones. The maximum value of the current-voltage slope also does not experience significant changes. It is shown that in the voltage range from – 0.15 to 0 V, the drain current of nitrogen-implanted samples manufactured using the direct order of heat treatment is higher than for control samples, and the drain current of nitrogen-implanted samples obtained with the reverse order of heat treatment it is lower compared to control samples. Results are explained by a decrease in the density of surface states at the Si – SiO2 interface in MOS-structures created using an additional operation of nitrogen ion implantation in the direct order of heat treatment.

We studied the behavior of nitrogen in silicon dioxide films on single-crystal silicon substrates by the attenuated total reflection (ATR) method and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Nitrogen was introduced into a dielectric formed by pyrogenic oxidation at a temperature of 850 ºС in an atmosphere of wet oxygen by implantation of N+ ions with an energy of 40 keV at doses of 2.5‧1014 and 1.0‧1015 cm–2, followed by rapid thermal annealing at a temperature of 1000 or 1050 ºС with a duration of 15 s in air. Nitridization of some of the samples was carried out during thermal annealing in a nitrogen atmosphere with the addition of a small amount of oxygen at a temperature of 1200 ºС for 120 minutes. It is established that during heat treatments, the majority of nitrogen atoms diffuse to the SiО2/Si interface and accumulate in the near-boundary region of the oxide. The ATR spectra show an absorption band with maxima at ~2320 and 2360 cm–1, which is probably due to vibrations of double cumulative bonds of the O=Si=N− type. The formation of these bonds is due to the interaction of nitrogen with dangling bonds at the silicon-dielectric interface, as a result of which uncompensated or strained bonds are replaced by more stable ones. The resulting stronger chemical bonds prevent charge accumulation on the surface of the SiО2/Si interface.

In the current conditions of Ukraine's state of war, civil society should be considered not only as a society of free individuals, but also a society built on lawful (just) relations. It has been confirmed that the recognition of the interaction between law and justice is part of the European legal tradition. The basic element of civil society is its independent self-governing institutions, which, interacting with public authorities, perform important legitimating functions both within society and in the process of its interaction with public authorities. It is established that the institutions of civil society are the guarantors of the inviolability of personal rights of citizens, give them confidence in their abilities, serve as a support for citizens and public authorities in their possible confrontation with the enemy. They, in turn, operate on a self-governing basis within the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. The role of civil society during the full-scale war in Ukraine remains particularly relevant. In such a difficult period of our independence, every Ukrainian takes an active part in the public life of the state, joining the common victory over the enemy. The activities of foreign volunteers are becoming an important support. That is why the role of civil society is invaluable. The fate of our state in the future depends on the unity of each of us. In a democratic state governed by the rule of law, civil society interacts with public power, a type of socio-political, sovereign, legitimate power, based on public interest and impersonal nature, expressed in the system of social, public-political, volitional relations that arise between physical and legal persons (as subjects of civil society) and bodies and officials of the state (who are endowed with power) on the basis of law and law. At the present stage of Ukraine's development, the processes of formation of a democratic state governed by the rule of law and institutionalization of civil society are simultaneous and parallel, complementing each other. The full-scale war launched by the Russian Federation against Ukraine on February 24, 2022, accumulated mechanisms for the formation and development of strong and coordinated cooperation between public authorities and civil society institutions. However, the path to victory is not easy, and therefore requires some reforms and improvements in such mechanisms. It is important that today the constitutionality and legitimacy of state power are fully realized in the conditions of civil society. The degree of this fullness is directly proportional to the stability of civil society institutions and the development of civil legal and political culture. Civil society is a reflection of democracy and the victory of our people over the world-famous dictator Putin. Ukrainians demonstrate unity on all fronts in the struggle against the Russian occupier, and this arouses great admiration and support in the actions of the international community. After the victory in the war with the occupier, a number of new democratic transformations await Ukrainian society, including those involving civil society institutions.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common persistent arrhythmia in adults; however, it is quite rare in children. In patients without structural heart diseases or extracardiac causes, the genetic basis of the arrhythmia can be assumed. A clinical case of atrial fibrillation in a child, probably associated with the variant D1907H in the SCN10A gene, was described in this article. In spite of a very limited clinical and genetic information on the association of Nav 1.8 channel encoded by SCN10A with atrial arrhythmias, the presented case can further confirm the role of this gene in arrhythmogenesis in children.

This article presents the case of a combination of two genetically determined diseases in one early age patient: long QT syndrome type 1 and mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA.

Serum ferritin is considered one of the predictors of severe forms of diseases and an increased mortality risk in patients with various diseases. However, the results of the studies performed to date are not heterogeneous and the usefulness of measuring serum ferritin in all inpatients, including those with COVID‑19, is being questioned. The study included the results of measuring serum ferritin in 761 adult patients, of which in the main group 634 were confirmed with COVID‑19, and 127 patients from the comparison group were hospitalized with other diagnoses. Differences in serum ferritin concentration in the main group (COVID‑19 “+”: survivors: Me 295.2, 95% CI: 353.8–449.1 µg/l, non-survivors Me 285.9, 95% CI: 309.9–628.9 µg/l) and in the comparison group (COVID‑19 “-”: survivors Me 267.2: 95% CI 268.2–526.0 µg/l, non-survivors Me 197.7, 95% CI: 110.3–529.0 µg/l) depending on the outcomes of the disease were not statistically significant. At the same time, in the cohort of the non-survivors, serum ferritin above 500 µg/l with COVID‑19 was 23.75 times more common, and in the cohort with a ferritin concentration above 1500 µg/l, 17.75 times more common than ferritin in the group of inpatients without COVID–19. Our results indicate the impracticality of measuring serum ferritin for all inpatients; however, they confirm the fact that selective measurement of serum ferritin in patients with severe course of diseases, especially infectious diseases, makes it possible to identify a category of patients with a high risk of developing hyperinflammation.

The paper is a Russian translation of the next six chapters of a curious sophistic text, conventionally called the Pairs of Arguments (Dissoi logoi). Transmitted as an appendix to the works of Sextus Empiricus, this collection of short treaties seeks to show the sophistic (Protagorean) way of argumentation. They address such opposite notions as true and false, sane and insane, wise and foolish, and explore the possibilities of arguing pro and contra a given position.

PURPOSE We compared 2 years of rituximab maintenance (RM) with a response-adapted postinduction approach in patients with follicular lymphoma who responded to induction immunochemotherapy. METHODS We randomly assigned treatment-naïve, advanced-stage, high-tumor burden follicular lymphoma patients to receive standard RM or a response-adapted postinduction approach on the basis of metabolic response and molecular assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD). The experimental arm used three types of postinduction therapies: for complete metabolic response (CMR) and MRD-negative patients, observation; for CMR and MRD-positive (end of induction or follow-up) patients, four doses of rituximab (one per week, maximum three courses) until MRD-negative; and for non-CMR patients, one dose of ibritumomab tiuxetan followed by standard RM. The study was designed as noninferiority trial with progression-free survival (PFS) as the primary end point. RESULTS Overall, 807 patients were randomly assigned. After a median follow-up of 53 months (range, 1-92 months), patients in the standard arm had a significantly better PFS than those in the experimental arm (3-year PFS 86% v 72%; P < .001). The better PFS of the standard versus experimental arm was confirmed in all the study subgroups except non-CMR patients (n = 65; P = .274). The 3-year overall survival was 98% (95% CI, 96 to 99) and 97% (95% CI, 95 to 99) in the reference and experimental arms, respectively ( P = .238). CONCLUSION A metabolic and molecular response-adapted therapy as assessed in the FOLL12 study was associated with significantly inferior PFS compared with 2-year RM. The better efficacy of standard RM was confirmed in the subgroup analysis and particularly for patients achieving both CMR and MRD-negative.

The charge properties of thin dielectrics, obtained by rapid thermal processing (RTP), and their interfaces with silicon for MOS transistors are investigated. The production of insulator layers was carried out by a two- or three-stage RTP with photon processing regimes similar for each stage (duration – 12 s, maximum temperature – 1250 °C). After the third stage of RTP in a nitrogen atmosphere of the gate oxides, obtained by a two-stage process in oxygen atmosphere, the defects responsible for local charge centers are partially eliminated. There is also an increase in the relative value of the surface potential by an average of 100 relative units. The elimination of defects is a consequence of the rearrangement of the structure of the dielectric, its interface with silicon, and the diffusion of oxygen and silicon atoms along the interface of the insulator layer. For samples obtained by a two-stage RTP in an oxygen atmosphere and subjected to the third stage of processing in a forming gas, there is an almost complete elimination of local charge centers and an increase in the relative value of the surface potential by an average of 300 relative units. In this case, in addition to the processes occurring during the treatment of SiO2 by the RTP method in an nitrogen atmosphere, the liquidation of charge centers is a consequence of the passivation of defects by hydrogen atoms.

BACKGROUND: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, viral pneumonia is the leading clinical form of coronavirus infection and a significant cause of maternal mortality. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the course of severe and extremely severe forms of COVID-19, its impact on pregnancy and fetus, as well as on maternal mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, we evaluated 39 case histories of patients with severe and extremely severe COVID-19, which were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 22 pregnant women with a severe course of coronavirus infection and a favorable outcome. Group 2 comprised 17 pregnant women in whom complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 were fatal. RESULTS: More than 80% of patients with severe disease course had anaemia in pregnancy. The most significant clinical and anamnestic factors of adverse outcome were gestational diabetes mellitus (p = 0.02), preeclampsia (p = 0.05), and oligoamnios (p = 0.01). Obesity in group 2 was twice more common. The clinical manifestations of the disease in the both study groups were dominated by fever, shortness of breath, weakness and dry cough. In patients with a fatal outcome at the height of the disease, the levels of leukocytosis, urea and lactate dehydrogenase were higher than in those who recovered (p = 0.05). Besides, the levels of alanine transferase and aspartate transaminase were twice as high as in pregnant women who recovered later. Patients in the both study groups required oxygen support as respiratory failure progressed. The vast majority of patients with severe and extremely severe forms of coronavirus infection were in the third trimester of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Women in the third trimester of pregnancy are more susceptible to severe and extremely severe COVID-19 with an unfavorable outcome. Gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia and oligoamnios are significant comorbidities that predispose to severe course and poor outcome in pregnant women and puerperas with COVID-19. The characteristic clinical manifestations of the severe course of coronavirus infection are shortness of breath and fever against a backdrop of significant damage to the lung tissue. A pronounced increase in hepatic enzymes and placental insufficiency is a harbinger of an unfavorable outcome as a manifestation of multiple organ failure.

Purpose. To study the clinical course of multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) and to evaluate the effectiveness of antiarrhythmic therapy (AAT) in patients with onset of arrhythmia before the age of 1 year.Methods. The study included 15 children with primary registration of MAT at the age of 2.04±2.27 months, 4 of them - in utero. The follow-up period was 35.9±26.9 months (Me 29 months). All patients underwent laboratory monitoring, 12-lead ECG recording, 24-hour ECG monitoring, echocardiography at baseline and during time of observation.Results. Tachycardia was persistent in 80% of patients. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) was present in 7 (46%) patients. Structural heart disease was detected in 6 patients. The average heart rate at the onset of the disease was 157.9±23.78 bpm, the maximum - 256.7±35.84 bpm. Fourteen (93.3%) children received AAT. Seven patients were prescribed propranolol first, 6 - amiodarone, 1 - digoxin. Monotherapy was effective in 2 patients. Combined AAT was used in 12 patients, including three children with three drugs combination. No benefits were found for any of the drugs combinations. Stable sinus rhythm at the time of discharge was observed in 4 (28,6%) patients, sinus rhythm with atrial ectopic activity was registered in 2 of them; criteria for normosystole were achieved in 7 patients; in one child with TIC daytime tachysystole persisted despite three-component AAT, but echocardiography parameters improved. Arrhythmia was disappeared in 13 (86.6%) patients; the duration of arrhythmia in them from 1 to 15 months, duration of AAT - 1 ±7.5 months (Me 9.5 months). MAT persists in two patients with structural heart disease. One patient underwent radiofrequency ablation at the age of 5, with no effect. One patient had side effects from therapy that required correction. There were no lethal outcomes.Conclusion. MAT with a debut at the age of 1 year with timely prescribed treatment has a favorable course and a good prognosis, but the probability of AAT resistance is high. These cases require a long-term selection of therapy using various combinations of antiarrhythmic drugs. Heart rate control strategy can be sufficient to prevent the development of TIC.

The study aims to assess the role of magnetic resonance tomography (MRI) in identifying the substrate of “idiopathic” ventricular arrhythmias in pediatric patients.Methods. One hundred and seven children with “idiopathic” ventricular arrhythmias were enrolled. All patients underwent MRI on a high-field Magnetom Trio A Tim (Siemens) tomograph with a magnetic field induction of 3.0 T.Results. According to MRI data, dilated ventricles and/or a decreased ejection fraction were found in 55 (51%) patients. Based on structural abnormalities of the myocardium patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 “normal”, without abnormalities, (69 (64.5%) children); group 2 - “fibrosis”, fibrotic changes were detected on late gadolinium enhancement (38 (35.5%) patients). Significant differences of indexed MR-indicators in these two groups were not found. However, in the “fibrosis” group, biventricular dysfunction occurred significantly more often than in the “normal” group, respectively (14 (37%) and 9 (13%) (p = 0.006)).Conclusion. MRI is important in assessing structural changes in pediatric patients with ventricular arrhythmias, and the combination of MRI results with clinical and electrophysiological data can significantly affect the change in management and treatment strategy in pediatric patients.

In the article the essence of the concepts “diagnostic competence” and “professional competence”, “pedagogical diagnostics” was revealed and the model of diagnostic competence (DC) of the foreign language teachers at a higher education institution was considered. Thepurpose of the study is to analyze the experience of developingthe diagnostic competence of foreign language teachers in various higher military educational institutions and to identify the positive and problematic aspects of the diagnostic competence of foreignlanguage teachers in the military education system. The concept of “diagnostic competence of the teacher” is defined as the unity of theoretical and practical readiness of the teacher to carry out diagnostic activities to solve professional needs and tasks. According to the authors, DC is an integral and mandatorycomponent of the professional competence of foreign languageteachers in higher education,which is the result of their diagnostic training, intellectual, activity and subjectivediagnostic ability, as wellas professional, personal and psychological readiness to implement its diagnostic function through creative adherence to pedagogicalprinciples and the use of modernmethods, techniques, technologies and means of pedagogical diagnosis of foreign language communicative competence of servicemen in pedagogical activities as traditional methods and means of pedagogical diagnostics and modern mathematical and statistical methods and ICT. The principles, criteria and indicators of DC in the system of militaryeducation and their influence on the development of diagnostic competence of foreign language teachers of higher educational institutions are scientifically substantiated and analyzed. The structure of DC of foreign language teachers of highereducation institutions is also determined and its components are detailed out: value-motivational, cognitive, operational-effective, reflexivecorrective. The content and quality of these components are actualized during the pedagogical activity of foreign language teachers. In the article, the pedagogical conditions for the development of DC of foreign language teachers in higher education are substantiated, namely: pedagogical modeling of the development of diagnostic competence of foreign language teachers in higher education in the system of postgraduate education; introduction of the technology of integrated assessment of the development of the FLCC (foreign language communicative competence) of servicemen; the use of objective criteria and indicators for assessing thedevelopment of diagnostic competence of foreign language teachers in higher education. The authors of the article consider problematic issues related to the development and improvement of the accuracy of determining integrated assessments of the development of the FLCC of servicemen. The main attention is paid to determining the prospects for the development and the use of diagnostic competence, considering examples of its implementation in the educational process in higher military educational institutions of Ukraine.Key words: diagnostic competence, professional competence, integrated assessment, structure of diagnostic competence of a foreign language teacher at a higher education institution. У статті розкрито сутність понять «діагностична компетентність» та «професійна компетентність», «педагогічна діагностика» та розглянуто модель діагностичної компетентності викладача іноземних мов вищих військових навчальних закладів (ВВНЗ). Метою дослідження є аналіз досвіду розвитку діагностичної компетентності викладачів (ДКВ) іноземних мов в різних вищих військових закладах освіти та визна-чення позитивних та проблемних сторін ДКВ іноземних мов у системі військової освіти. Визначено поняття «діагностична компетентність викладача» як сукупність теоретичних та практичних прагнень викладача до реалізації діагностичної діяльності з метою вирішення фахових вимог та завдань. На думку авторів, діа-гностична компетентність (ДК) є обов’язковою та невіддільною складовою професійної компетентності викладачів іноземних мов ВВНЗ. Остання, з одного боку, є наслідком їх діагностичної підготовленості, розу-мової, діяльнісної та особистісної діагностичної здібності, а з іншого, – фахової, суб’єктної та психологічної готовності до здійснення своєї діагностичної функції шляхом дотримання педагогічних засад та положень і творчого втілення в педагогічну діяльність новітніх та передових методів, методик, технологій та засо-бів педагогічного діагностування іншомовної комунікативної компетентності (ІКК) військових фахівців з опорою як на традиційні засади педагогічної діагностики, так і на сучасні математично-статистичні методи та засоби ІКК. Науково обґрунтовано та проаналізовано принципи, критерії і показники ДК в системі військової освіти та їх вплив на розвиток діагностичної компетентності викладачів іноземних мов ВВНЗ. Також визначено структуру ДКВ іноземних мов ВВНЗ та виділено її складові компоненти: когнітивний, ціннісно-мотиваційний, операційно-діяльнісний та рефлексивно корекційний. Сутність та властивості цихкомпонентіввідтворюються в процесі педагогічної діяльності викладачів іноземних мов. У статті проана-лізовано досвід розвитку діагностичної компетентності викладачів (ДКВ) іноземних мов ВВНЗ, а саме: засоби та шляхи педагогічного моделювання розвитку діагностичної компетентності викладачів іноземних мов ВВНЗ; необхідність впровадження технології інтегрального оцінювання розвиненості ІКК військових фахівців; впровадження та використання об’єктивних критеріїв і показників оцінювання розвиненості діагностичної компетентності викладачів іноземних мов ВВНЗ. Авторами статті розглянуті проблемні питання щодо розвитку й підвищення точностівизначення інтегральних оцінок розвиненості ІКК військових фахівців. Основна увага приділяється визначенню перспективи розвитку та використання ДК, беручи до уваги приклади її впровадження в навчальний процес у вищих військових закладах освіти України.Ключові слова: діагностична компетентність, професійна компетентність, інтегральне оцінювання, структура діагностичної компетентності викладача іноземних мов ВВНЗ.

Emission of the silicon oxide films grown on Si by wet thermal oxidation at 900 °С and by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from the SiH4 + N2O mixture at 350 °С has been compared using electroluminescence. The electroluminescence spectra were recorded in electrolyte – insulator – semiconductor system. The intense band in the red range with a maximum at 1.9 eV dominates the electroluminescence spectrum of the thermal oxide film. It was concluded that this band is related with the existence of silanol groups (Si — OH) in the oxide matrix. Multiband emission in the UV range is observed in the electroluminescence spectrum of the oxide film formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Additional investigations using IR and RS spectroscopy revealed that observed spectrum modulation is of an oscillatory nature and is not the result of interference. Presumably, the luminescence in the UV region is due to the presence of oxygen deficiency centers containing bonds with hydrogen atoms.

Aim — to improve the results of treatment of diabetic anklearthropathies by using the final method of fixation by semi-rigid systems after arthrodesis and the use of extrafocal ring fixators (RF). Materials and methods. The authors presented own experience of treatment of 12 patients with diabeticankle osteoarthropathy. After arthrodesis and fixation with RF, the alternating osteosynthesis was performed with Scotchcast/Softcast bandages. The use of extrafocal RF of the needle-rod type in the first stage with low trauma wasadvantageous, however the time of fixation before the appearance of the fusion between the tibia and talus was significant, which led to a decrease in the rigidity of the fixation of the bone-needle system and development of inflammation at the exit of the spokes. This required the transition to other means of fixation, which would provide the possibility of functional use of the limb. The authors used Scotchcast/Softcast functional bandages, applied circularly, with stiffeners on the lateral surfaces, which allowed to carry out the supporting function of the limb. Interventions (arthrodesis of the ankle joint) were performed under multimodal analgesia. Vascular disorders required hematopoietic therapy (use of a tourniquet and administration of tranexamic acid solution) and bemiparin administrationfor microthrombosisprevention. Treatment of diabetic neuropathy and metabolic disorders was carried out by prescribing vitamin B and C, drugs Ca and vitamin D3, antioxidants. Results. The dynamics of the most examined indicators of the coagulation — anticoagulation system did not differ significantly (activated partial thromboplastic time, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, platelet quantity). There was a tendency to shift the indicators to the recommended safe zone and even a significant decrease in the level of soluble fibrin monomer complexes (R2= 0.9494). Conclusions. The use of Scotchcast/Softcast immobilizing bandages in patients with diabetic arthropathy was safe after arthrodesis and RF fixation.This strategy allowed to restore limb capacity in the early stages of treatment, which improved the social adaptation of patients., Цель — улучшить результаты лечения диабетических артропатий голеностопного сустава путем применения переменного конечного метода фиксации — функциональной иммобилизации полужесткими системами после артродезирования с использованием кольцевых фиксаторов (КФ). Материалы и методы. Представлен опыт лечения 12 больных с диабетической остеоартропатией голеностопного сустава. После проведения артродеза и фиксации КФ осуществляли переменный остеосинтез повязками Scotchcаst / Softcаst. Применение внеочагового КФ спице-стержневого типа первым этапом при малой травматичности имело преимущества, но время фиксации к появлению сращения между большеберцовой и таранной костями было значительным, что привело к уменьшению жесткости фиксации системы кость-спица и появлению воспаления в местах выхода спиц. Это потребовало перехода на другие средства фиксации, обеспечивающие возможность функционального использования конечности. Нами использованы функциональные повязки со Scotchcаst/Softcаst, которые накладывали циркулярно, с ребрами жесткости по боковым поверхностям, что позволяло осуществлять опор­ную функцию конечности. Вмешательства (артродезирования голеностопного сустава) проводили под мультимодальным обезболиванием. Сосудистые нарушения требовали проведения кровесберегающей терапии (использование жгута и введение раствора транексамовой кислоты) и профилактики микротромбозов (назначение бимепарина). Для лечения диабетической нейропатии и обменных нарушений назначали комплексы витаминов группы В и С, препараты кальция и витамина D3, антиоксиданты. Результаты. Динамика большинства иссле­до­ванных показателей сворачивающей-противосворачивающей системы статистически значимо не отличалась (активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время, протромбиновое время, международное нормализованное отношение, количество тромбоцитов). Наблюдалась тенденция к смещению показателей рекомендованной безопасной зоны и даже статистически значимое снижение уровня растворимых фибринмономерных комплексов (R2 = 0,9494). Выводы. Применение иммобилизационных повязок со Scotchcаst/Softcаst у больных с диабетической артропатией было безопасным после артродезирования и фиксации КФ. Эта тактика позволила восстановить опороспособность конечностей в ранние сроки лечения, улучшило социальную адаптацию больных., Мета — поліпшити результати лікування діабетичних артропатій гомілковостопного суглоба шляхом застосування змінного кінцевого методу фіксації — функціональної іммобілізації напівжорсткими системами після артродезування з використанням кільцевих фіксаторів (КФ). Матеріали та методи. Представлено досвід лікування 12 хворих з діабетичною остеоартропатією гомілковостопного суглоба. Після проведення артродезу і фіксації КФ здійснювали змінний остеосинтез пов’язками Scotchcаst/Softcаst. Застосування позавогнищевих КФ спице-стержньового типу першим етапом при малій травматичності мало переваги, але час фіксації до появи зрощення між великогомілковою і таранною кістками був значним, що спричинило зменшення жорсткості фіксації системи кістка-спиця і появу запалення в місцях виходу спиць. Це потребувало переходу на інші засоби фіксації, які б забезпечували можливість функціонального використання кінцівки. Нами використано функціональні пов’язки зі Scotchcаst/Softcаst, які накладали циркулярно, з ребрами жорсткості по бічних поверхнях, що давало змогу здійснювати опорну функцію кінцівки. Втручання (артродезування гомілковостопного суглоба) проводили під мультимодальним знеболюванням. Судинні порушення потребували проведення кровозбережуваної терапії (використання джгута та введення розчину транексамової кислоти) і профілактики мікротромбозів (призначення бімепарину). Для лікування діабетичної нейропатії та обмінних порушень призначали комплекси вітамінів групи В і С, препарати кальцію і вітаміну D3, антиоксиданти. Результати. Динаміка більшості досліджених показників згортальної–протизгортальної системи статистично значущо не відрізнялася (активований частковий тромбопластиновий час, протромбіновий час, міжнародне нормалізоване відношення, кількість тромбоцитів). Спостерігали тенденцію до зсуву показників до рекомендованої безпечної зони і навіть статистично значуще зниження рівня розчинних фібринмономерних комплексів (R2= 0,9494). Висновки. Застосування іммобілізувальних пов’язок зі Scotchcаst/Softcаst у хворих з діабетичними артропатіями було безпечним після артродезування і фіксації КФ. Ця тактика дала змогу відновити опороздатність кінцівок у ранні строки лікування, що поліпшило соціальну адаптацію хворих.

BACKGROUND: Literature data on the course of labor in women with concomitant acute intestinal infections are very scarce. Individual works and articles are devoted to the coverage of this most important final stage of pregnancy. There are no developed specific tactics of labor management in patients with acute intestinal infections, therefore obstetricians and gynecologists have to use generally accepted standards of labor management in this group of patients, without having a clear idea of the frequency and nature of clinically relevant complications in childbirth. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the course of labor in women with concomitant AIIs at full-term pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 120 patients aged 19 to 39 years, delivered in Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital named after S.P. Botkin, St. Petersburg in 2017-2019. The main group consisted of 60 women with concomitant acute intestinal infections who gave birth, and the comparison group comprised 60 conditionally healthy women. The spectrum of acute intestinal infection pathogens in pregnant women, the course of labor, complications during labor and the condition of newborns were evaluated. RESULTS: Women of the both study groups did not differ in the duration of labor and the anhydrous interval, the frequency of birth abnormalities, the volume of blood loss, and the frequency of maternal injury and complications in the postpartum period. The frequency of premature rupture of membranes, acute and chronic fetal hypoxia, and episiotomy was higher in patients of the main group. Asphyxia in the first minute after birth was also more common in newborns from women with concomitant acute intestinal infections. CONCLUSIONS: Acute intestinal infections may complicate the course of labor. Labor management in women with concomitant acute intestinal infections requires continuous monitoring of the condition of the fetus during labor and the provision of timely medical care to the newborn.

The article is devoted to the analysis of such concepts as ꞌꞌcompetenceꞌꞌ, ꞌꞌcompetencyꞌꞌ and ꞌꞌprofessional competenceꞌꞌ. Types, qualities and components of professional competence are considered; the professional competencies of a pharmacist are defined in accordance with the requirements of the World Health Organization (WHO). The article contains the results of an anonymous survey and the analysis of answers given by the students of Zhytomyr college of pharmacy on the distribution of priority positions of future professional activities. The factors that influence the process of forming the professional competences of future pharmacists during their studies at the college have been identified

Introduction. Anal incontinence (insufficiency of the anal sphincter) is a disease in which there is an uncontrolled discharge of intestinal contents through the anal canal when it is impossible to keep the episode of defecation to an acceptable place, which is a socially significant problem. Patients suffering from anal incontinence experience a feeling of psychoemotional inferiority and are often socially maladjusted. Insufficiency of the anal sphincter is a widespread pathology. The course of therapy is, as a rule, complex, and usually includes the use of medications, cleansing enemas, as well as non-drug methods of treatment (exercise therapy, massage, physiotherapy). At the same time, information on the possibility of including such a method of non-drug treatment as osteopathic correction in the complex therapy of anal incontinence in the available literature has not been found.The aim of the research was to study the possibility of including osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of anal sphincter insufficiency in teenagers.Materials and methods. The study involved 32 teenagers with functional anal sphincter incontinence, aged 14–17 years, undergoing treatment in the department of surgery. The patients were divided into 2 groups by the method of simple randomization — the main group (16 people, they received osteopathic correction in addition to the standard treatment) and the control group (16 people, they received only the standard treatment). At the beginning and at the end of the study there were assessed the osteopathic status and the disease severity using the Wexner scale and the Browning–Parks scale. The obtained results were analyzed by methods of nonparametric statistics. Results. It was found that the inclusion of osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of teenagers with anal sphincter insufficiency is accompanied by a statistically significant (ppConclusion. The obtained results demonstrated the ability to include the osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of teenagers with anal sphincter insufficiency.

Sediments of the Lower Devonian continental red-terrigenous formation of the Dniester series of the Lviv Paleozoic troughwere formed in the alluvial facies environment mainly in the oxidizing medium (they have a red color), and some of them are inthe restorative (gray color of the sediments). In the process of formation and existence, sedimentary formations of the LowerDevonian continental red-terrigenous formation underwent a number of successive stages of lithogenesis: sedimentary, diaand catagenesis and were significantly influenced by glazing processes at the stage of diagenesis. The authors investigatedthe catagenetic transformations of sandstones, siltstones, argillites, rocks of mixed composition of different facies (channel,riparian and floodplain facies conditions) taking into account geochemical (both oxidative and reductive) conditions of formation.A high degree of catagenetic transformations (up to the stage of late catagenesis) of rocks has been established. It was foundthat the nature and intensity of catagenetic transformations not only of different petrotypes, but also of the same type of rocksof different facial affiliation differ significantly, even if they are at the same stratigraphic level. It is established that the degreeof catagenetic transformations of sediments depends on their structural and textural features, material composition and facialaffiliation

SiO2 /Si, SiN1.2/SiO2 /Si and SiO2 /SiN0.9/SiO2 /Si structures have been fabricated by chemical vapor deposition and thermal oxidation of silicon. The elemental composition and thicknesses of dielectric layers have been studied using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and spectral ellipsometry. The electroluminescence (EL) of the samples has been investigated in the “electrolyte–dielectric–semiconductor” system at a positive bias voltage applied to the silicon substrate. An intense band with maxima at 1.9 eV appears on the EL spectra of the SiO2 /Si sample, while the EL spectra of the SiN1.2/SiO2 /Si and SiO2 /SiN0.9/SiO2 /Si samples are characterized by the presence of bands with the maximum values of 1.9, 2.3 and 2.7 eV. The nature of these bands is discussed. Passing a charge in the range of 100–500 mC/ cm2 through the SiO2 /SiN0.9/SiO2 /Si sample, an increase in the EL intensity was recorded in the entire visible range. Passing a charge of 1 C/cm2 through a sample with a three-layer dielectric film resulted in the EL intensity decrease. It can be explained by the upper oxide layer degradation. It has been shown that silicon nitride deposited on top of the SiO2 layer protects the oxide layer from field degradation and premature breakdown. The most stable electroluminescence when exposed to a strong electric field is observed for the structure SiN1.2/SiO2 /Si.

The electrophysical properties and the resistive switching effect in ITO/SiNx/Si memristor structures have been investigated. A silicon nitride film ~200 nm thick with a Si/N ratio varying with depth has been deposited on a silicon substrate by chemical vapor deposition. The current–voltage characteristics of ITO/SiNx/Si-p structures have shown that the conduction mechanism in a high-resistivity state depends on the properties of the nitride film and is described in terms of the Pool–Frenkel model, which takes into consideration electron hops between neighboring traps. When the polarity of the voltage applied to the structure changes sign, conducting channels in the nitride film break down and the structure switches over to a high-resistivity state. The photoswitching effect has been discovered in the ITO/SiNx/Si structure, which opens up a new frontier for using memristors in silicon optoelectronic devices.

The world is experiencing an unprecedented crisis. As the situation with COVID-19 continues to unfold, and governments are taking swift action and decisive action to combat this global pandemic, businesses need to constantly rethink their choices and priorities. It is rare to see the whole world come together to overcome a common problem. It’s global, it’s open, and it can affect every business and every person. During the crisis, people turn to institutions for advice, reassurance and information. Increasingly, they are also looking at trading companies. In today’s environment of high uncertainty, rapid environmental variability and tight budget constraints, all market participants are forced to look for non-standard solutions for effective promotion strategies. The priority measures of anti-crisis marketing activities are marketing communications. They play an important role in shaping consumer choices. This choice applies not only to the product or service, but also to the management of messages and goals. Given the role of information in modern retail, it is advisable to analyze the features and essence of modern tools of marketing communications, the impact of the global crisis on the field of marketing communications. The urgency of the study is caused by the high degree of uncertainty in the market situation due to the global pandemic around the world. The Ukrainian market, contrary to foreign countries, is not adapted to such conditions. The article identifies the feasibility of using marketing communication tools to ensure consumer awareness of retail businesses. The regional structure of retail trade turnover, the change of real income volume of the population, as well as the change in consumer prices in Ukraine are analyzed. The expediency of maximizing attention to the choice of tools for marketing communications policy is explained. The difficulties of traditional tools implementation in marketing communications during crisis are investigated. The necessity of redistribution of the marketing budget with receiving the maximum result is defined. In the future, the results of this study can be used in the theory of marketing communication policy of enterprises in order to develop measures to improve its effectiveness in times of crisis.

In the context of market economy, an urgent task of the alcohol industry is reducing the cost of commercial products by creating and introducing innovative energy-efficient and resource-saving technologies. In this aspect, a task of current importance is developing a technology that involves using new high-yielding races of distiller’s yeast to ferment highly concentrated wort obtained from grain raw materials. The wort used for fermentation was from different types of grain raw materials: maize, rye, wheat. The studies have shown that an increase in the concentration of dry matter of maize wort (up to 30%) makes it possible to obtain wash with the alcohol concentration 15.65% vol., an increase in the dry mater concentration of wheat wort (up to 27%) – 14.10% vol., in that of rye wort (up to 24%) – 13.00% vol. ethanol. With the standard yield of alcohol from 1 tonne of standard starch, the maximum alcohol content in the maize wash was 14.91% vol., while in the wheat wash, it was 14.1% vol., and in the rye wash, 13.0% vol. It has been studied how the temperature of fermentation of high-concentration wort affects the chemical and technological parameters of fermented maize wash. It has been established that the stage-by-stage fermentation of maize grain wort (at 35 and 30°С) creates conditions for additional saccharification of dextrins in the wort and for its effective end-fermentation. Therefore, this technique is especially effective in the fermentation of high-concentration wort. The introduction of the technology developed will allow efficiently processing agricultural raw materials into alcohol and reducing production waste (post-alcohol stillage). To validate the results of the theoretical and laboratory studies, the technology of highly concentrated alcohol wash from grain raw materials has been tested in the conditions of alcohol production at the company TOV FAZOR in Kozhanka, Fastiv District, Kyiv Region (capacity 6000 dal of alcohol-containing liquids a day). For the manufacturing tests, technological guidelines were developed and approved according to the due procedure.

The paper presents the first detailed mineralogical and petrographic information on the clastic components of three suevite varieties from the Kara astrobleme in the Pay-Khoy Ridge, Russian Arctic, including features of their morphology, inner structure, chemical and mineral phase composition of the suevite impact glasses. Data on the suevites are consistent with the earlier classification of the impactites. All of the suevite varieties contain indicator minerals of the impact process and show evidence of all principal stages of impact metamorphism and postimpact hydrothermal mineral-forming processes. Data acquired in the course of this study can be utilized to identify new and transitional types of suevites to more comprehensively characterize the Kara impactites and to build up a model for the origin of this unique geologic object and other astroblemes.