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One-third of the world population suffer from kidney complications such as acute and chronic renal failure, renal calculi, kidney stones, Fanconi’s syndrome and urethritis which doesn’t have a proper effective treatment regimen. The current study explores the nephroprotective effect of herbal drug Rotula Aquatica by both In Vitro and In Vivo methods. MTT assay was applied In Vitro to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of R. aquatica leaves extract on HEK 293 cell line. The acute toxicity of the extract was evaluated as per the limit test under the protocol of OECD 423 at a concentration of 2000 mg/kg using 6 female rats. Further, an In Vivo study using the Gentamicin-instigated nephrotoxicity model was carried out for a period of 8 days. Biochemical markers of renal damage, endogenous antioxidants and histopathology were determined to assess the effect of treatment. The In Vitro study using HEK 293 cell line resulted in an EC50 value of 51.50 μg/ml for the extract in comparison to the standard drug Cytsone (12.26 μg/ml). Based on the limit test of OECD 423, doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg were chosen for the study. The results revealed a strong nephroprotective activity at 400 mg/kg in Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity against standard drug cystone by restoring the decrement in body weight, renal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, creatinine and urea levels in urine and plasma. This indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of Rotula aquatica (HAERA) can prevent the Gentamicin toxicity due to the high content of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory secondary metabolites.

Escape from apoptosis is one of the main demeanor characters of cancer cells. Mitochondria is a key player in the initiation and regulation intrinsic apoptosis. Altering the outer mitochondrial membrane permeability can elicit cytochrome C release, which is a vital step in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Targeting the pore-forming protein and its regulators, known as Bcl2 family proteins, is a useful strategy to regulate apoptosis. This article provides a review of synthetic peptides that stimulate apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathways in the hopes of developing future cancer treatments. The role of mitochondria in apoptotic signaling is discussed as well as we outlined the mechanistic role of a few peptides that have been reported for cytotoxic effects, which may be useful to scientists working on therapeutic approaches. It was believed that if the extrinsic pathway failed to induce cell death, the intrinsic pathway. Apoptotic activity of peptides produced from the Bcl2 family, antimicrobial peptides, and other membrane protein-derived peptides has paved the way for the development of new generation anticancer therapeutic agents. However, if this fantastic scenario is to come true, molecular pharmacologists and peptide chemists will have to start working together rather than separately.

Inflammatory bowel disorder is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine with greater prevalence among the Indian population. Our focus is to explore and compare the therapeutic potential of phytoconstituents from apple and passion fruit by assessing the affinity with the target sites such as JAK/STAT, MPO and iNOS by molecular docking studies. ADMET prediction and drug-likeness were also conducted to screen out the best-fit ligands, whic are expected to be biologically effective. Few selected constituents displayed considerable binding affinity with the selected targets in our docking study. Interestingly, ligands of phenolic nature displayed the highest inhibitory activity by forming strong hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force with the amino acid residues of the target protein. Comparative study proves that constituents of apple showed better effect than passion fruit. It helps to give the existing information to identify precise targets for the selected drugs. However, the results are preliminary and experimental evaluation needs to be done for obtaining the confirmatory results.

Escape from apoptosis is one of the main demeanor characteristics of cancer cells. Mitochondria are key players in initiating and regulating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Hexokinase2 (HK2) is ubiquitously expressed in several cancer cells and is essential for cell survival and death. The binding of HK2 to mitochondria promotes cell proliferation, while AKT-1 mediated pathway is crucial in this process. Peimine, a steroidal alkaloid derived from plant steroids, is screened for docking properties, ADMET properties, and drug-likeness. Apoptosis targets are predicted by network pharmacology using 47 genes associated with apoptosis. According to in silico study, peimine has the potential for dual Targeting on HK2 and AKT1. For further confirmation, peimine was subjected to Cell culture studies using MRMT-1 rat breast cancer cells. The elevated levels of cytochrome c and Caspase 9 activity indicate that the intrinsic apoptosis pathway causes cell death. The decreased glucose uptake by the MRMT-1 cells indicates that pimine inhibits glucose transport by inhibiting the membrane HK2.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV‐2) is a lethal virus that causes COVID‐19 (Coronavirus disease 2019), the respiratory illness that has caused the COVID‐19 pandemic. Even though multiple pharmacological trials are ongoing, there is no proof that any treatment will effectively cure or prevent COVID‐19. Currently, COVID‐19‐infected patients are being managed with non‐specific medications to suppress the symptoms and other associated co‐morbidities. Nitric oxide is a bio‐signaling molecule that has been shown to be effective for treating several viral infections in humans. Household Natural foods rich in nitrites and nitrates (NO donors) have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against immune‐related respiratory tract infections. It was understood that NO could inhibit the early stage of SARS CoV‐2 invasion into the human cell. Fruits and vegetables containing nitrites and nitrates have been revised and are now thought to be potential anti‐CoV agents for effective control of other associated systemic disorders. The purpose of this review is to highlight some key facts about the treatment and prevention of COVID‐19 infection with foods rich in nitric oxide and its donors. Practical applications Improving the body’s immune system is the early step to be considered as a preventive measure to stop the spreading of COVID‐19 infection. Emerging research continues to mount that dietary nitrates/nitrites from plant foods are being healthy as well as keep us away from infectious diseases. They are now incorporated into low‐risk adjuvant therapy for various infections and systemic disorders. This concept portrays the regular consuming foods such as fruits and vegetables that are rich in nitric oxide which have the potential to promote health, improve general well‐being, and reduce the risk associated with the highly contagious diseases. Hence, we recommend adding nitrates and nitrites‐containing food to the regular diet to improve the self‐immunity as well as to fight against COVID‐19 disease., Studies on biological nitric oxide (NO) and its anti‐viral activity have uncovered several surprising discoveries. The majority of the foods we eat on a daily basis are high in dietary NO donors, which have been scientifically demonstrated to helps in preventing immune‐mediated respiratory tract infections. It was found that nitrite and nitrate‐rich natural food supplementation can stop the progression of COVID‐19 infection by acting on several immunological pathways. It is recommended that continue to consume a nutritious diet that promotes good health.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the major complications of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by chronic inflammation, which disturbs the quality of life of the affected individuals. Genetic predisposition, immune, inflammatory, and enzyme-mediated signaling cascades are the primary mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Currently, the treatment strategy involves the maintenance of remission and induction of inflammation by anti-inflammatory agents and immune suppressants. Polyphenol-containing diets, including fruits and vegetables of regular use, possess anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potential through the inhibition of major contributing pathways to IBD. This review discusses the role of these dietary polyphenols in downregulating the major signaling cascades in IBD. Our review encourages the development of nutritional strategies to improve the efficiency of current therapies for IBD and reduce the risks of side effects associated with conventional therapy. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: At present, almost every third person in society is under stress and having chronic disorders like diabetes, arthritis, allergy, cardiovascular disease, IBD, etc. This insists on the direct/indirect role of changes in the lifestyle for such deterioration in society. This review would emphasize the medicinal value of polyphenols present in fruits and vegetables for chronic inflammatory disorders. This concept portrays the food components which have the potential to promote health, improve general well-being, and reduce the risk of IBD. We propose to add fruits with bioactive polyphenols in the regular diet to help in preventing the immune-mediated intestinal chronic inflammatory syndrome and reduce the risks of colorectal cancer development.