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In recent years, the issue of violations or over-exploitation in artificial lake projects have attracted gradual concern. In the initial stage, in order to determine whether there are violations or over-exploitation in the artificial lake project, it is necessary to accurately identify the status of artificial lakes. Because of the relative lack of water resources along the Yellow River, issues such as the contradiction between supply and demand as well as the protection of ecological environment have become increasingly prominent. Besides, the situation of development of artificial lakes along the Yellow River has become serious, increasing the pressure of utilizing water resources along the Yellow River. Therefore, the identification of status of artificial lake is of great significance in ecological supervision of the Yellow River.Under this context, this paper takes the Yellow River as the research area. Based on the land cover data in the multi-temporal geographic national conditions, using spatial analysis, automatic identification and manual differentiation etc., to develop a rapid classification system of artificial lakes to classify the artificial lakes along the Yellow River, tracking and analyzing its annual changes, and finally establishing an artificial lake classification database and an artificial lake change database. Realizing the effective identification and supervision of changes in the artificial lake. Through experiments and analysis of existing data, this paper summarizes a set of indicators for determining the characteristics of artificial lakes, and proposes a set of effective artificial lake identification approaches. It provides an important basis for the follow-up supervision of artificial lake, and also establishes a basic framework for identifying other surface geographic-conditions, which has important theoretical and practical significance in the application of national geographic-conditions data.

Time series imagery containing high-dimensional temporal features are conducive to improving classification accuracy. With the plenty accumulation of historical images, the inclusion of time series data becomes available to utilize, but it is difficult to avoid missing values caused by cloud cover. Meanwhile, seeking a large amount of training labels for long time series also makes data collection troublesome. In this study, we proposed a semi-supervised convolutional long short-term memory neural network (Semi-LSTM) in long time series which achieves an accurate and automated land cover classification with a small proportion of labels. Three main contributions of this work are summarized as follows: i) the proposed method achieve an excellent classification via a small group of labels in long time series data, and reducing dependence of training labels; ii) it is a robust algorithm in accuracy for the influence of noise, and reduces the requirements of sequential data for cloudless and lossless images; and iii) it makes full advantage of spectral-spatial-temporal features, especially expanding time context information to enhance classification accuracy. Finally, the proposed network is validated on time series imagery from Landsat 8. All quantitative analyses and evaluation indicators of the experimental results demonstrate competitive performance in the suggested modes.

Patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumours have a relatively high incidence of postoperative infections. We have analysed the risk factors and the distribution of pathogens in infected patients to try and find out how to prevent them. We recruited 312 patients over 60 years old with malignant oral and maxillofacial tumours and investigated their incidence of postoperative infection between January 2007 and December 2017. Some factors were included in one way and multifactorial logistic analyses to find out which risk factors were likely to be associated with postoperative infections. Thirty-nine of the 312 (12.5%) developed postoperative infections, mainly at the surgical site (n = 21) and in the lower respiratory tract (n = 14). Pathogens were isolated from all patients and comprised aerobic (n = 4) and anaerobic (n = 5) bacteria, together with mixed infections (n = 30). Univariate analysis showed that age, size and site of tumour, body-mass index (BMI), diabetes, and duration of operation were risk factors. Multivariate logistic analyses, however, showed that BMI, the presence of diabetes, duration of operation, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score were the main independent risk factors for postoperative infection. We conclude that there are abundant risk factors for postoperative infection in these patients, and it is important that they are evaluated preoperatively so that suitable postoperative treatments can be given.

We develop and demonstrate a methodology for Chinese Jewellery companies for raising their sales and promoting the quality of their products and services. A questionnaire form is used for company’s sale report, and also to identify the customer satisfaction towards the shop. The data that we got from questionnaire form was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The forecast value for daily market price of gold deviates from the actual value due to unpredictable factors such as politic and economy issues, the 916 gold has higher sales at the peak season like festival during which there is some weakness in their products and services.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition characterised by an elevation of blood glucose levels, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The prevalence of the disease has been rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate. Despite advances in the management of diabetes mellitus, it remains a growing epidemic that has become a significant public health burden due to its high healthcare costs and its complications. There is no cure has yet been found for the disease, however, treatment modalities include insulin and antidiabetic agents along with lifestyle modifications are still the mainstay of therapy for diabetes mellitus. The treatment spectrum for the management of diabetes mellitus has rapidly developed in recent years, with new class of therapeutics and expanded indications. This article focused on the emerging therapeutic approaches other than the conventional pharmacological therapies, which include stem cell therapy, gene therapy, siRNA, nanotechnology and theranostics.

AlMgB thin films were deposited on silicon (100) substrate using a three-target magnetron sputtering system in argon atmosphere. The influence of negative bias voltage on the thickness, morphology, microstructure, local bonding and hardness of the deposited films was investigated. Experimental results show that all films are X-ray amorphous, and the properties of the deposited films have a strong dependence on the applied substrate's negative bias voltage. Deposited at high negative bias voltage, the AlMgB thin films are found to be generally dense, having a smooth surface and containing more well-formed B12 icosahedra, which consequently increase the hardness of the deposited films. However, deposited at low negative bias voltage, the AlMgB thin films exhibit loose structure, coarse surface and contain few B12 icosahedra. It is shown that the hardness of the dense and smooth AlMgB thin films can reach 22 GPa at the negative bias voltage of 400 V.

Renin-angiotensin axis plays a pivotal role in the cardiovascular system, and Angiotensin II (Ang II) is of great importance in the progression of hypertension. Vasoactive peptide intermedin (IMD) belongs to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family, which is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular function. This study aims to determine the effect of vasoactive peptide intermedin on vascular collagen remodeling caused by angiotensin II-induced hypertension.12-week old rats were randomly assigned into three groups, and each group consisted of 12 rats. Rats were administered with Ang II or Ang II+IMD, respectively. Control group received saline administration. Blood pressure of caudal artery was examined two weeks after administration. Serum procollagen I and III were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The vascular microstructure was examined via hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to evaluate vascular collagen remodeling. Expressions of protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were tested by using Western-blot and RT-PCR.Compared with the control group (92.2±9.1 mmHg), blood pressure of group Ang II was increased by 88% (173.1±11.2 mmHg) (p0.01). Moreover, blood pressure level in group Ang II+IMD (131.0±10.9 mmHg) was reduced compared to that in group Ang II (p0.05). Compared with that in control group, higher level of serum procollagen, with significantly increasing vascular W/C ratio and collagen area percentage, was found in group Ang II, while all testing indexes above in group Ang II+IMD were lower than that in group Ang II. No differences were detected in the levels of Akt and MAPK mRNA among all three groups. However, highest expressions of phosphorylation Akt and MAPK protein were shown in group Ang II, and the levels were gradually lower in groups of Ang II+IMD and control.IMD could attenuate the vascular collagen remodeling caused by angiotensin II-induced hypertension via inhibiting phosphorylation of Akt and MAPK.

GaN films have been fabricated on tin doped indium oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates by electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced metal organic chemical vapour deposition. Trimethyl gallium (TMGa) and N2 were acted as precursors of Ga and N respectively. A GaN buffer layer was introduced to reduce the internal stress between the substrate and the GaN films. Then, the deposition process was performed in N2 rich atmosphere at a constant substrate temperature as low as 460°C. The TMGa flowrate was fixed at 1·5 sccm and N2 flowrate varies from 80 to 110 sccm to investigate the influence of N2 flux rates on the films’ properties. Reflection high energy electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction results indicate that all deposits are highly c axis oriented, whereas the characteristics of photoluminescence spectra are strongly affected by the N2 flowrates. GaN films prepared at 100 sccm has a smooth surface and exhibits the optimal illumination performance. This inexpensive GaN/ITO/glass structure h...

We present the outcomes of the delayed management of eight displaced intra-articular fractures of the metacarpal and phalangeal heads treated with capsuloligamentotaxis using the Penning mini-external fixator. Closed anatomical reduction with a 2 mm over-distraction was achieved at the time of operation at an average of 20 days after the initial injury. Excellent outcomes in terms of function and pain were obtained at 6 month’s follow-up in all cases. This technique is simple, minimally invasive, and effective, with minimal complications.

Objectives: Desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) is a desmosomal adhesion protein expressed in basal and immediate suprabasal layers of skin. Importance of Dsg3 in cell–cell adhesion and maintenance of tissue integrity is illustrated by findings of keratinocyte dissociation in the autoimmune disease, pemphigus vulgaris, where autoantibodies target Dsg3 on keratinocyte surfaces and cause Dsg3 depletion from desmosomes. However, recognition of possible participation of involvement of Dsg3 in cell proliferation remains controversial. Currently, available evidence suggests that Dsg3 may have both anti- and pro-proliferative roles in keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to use RNA interference (RNAi) strategy to investigate effects of silencing Dsg3 in cell–cell adhesion and cell proliferation in two cell lines, HaCaT and MDCK. Materials and methods: Cells were transfected with siRNA, and knockdown of Dsg3 was assessed by western blotting, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and confocal microscopy. Cell–cell adhesion was analysed using the hanging drop/fragmentation assay, and cell proliferation by colony forming efficiency, BrdU incorporation, cell counts and organotypic culture. Results: Silencing Dsg3 caused defects in cell–cell adhesion and concomitant reduction in cell proliferation in both HaCaT and MDCK cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Dsg3 depletion by RNAi reduces cell proliferation, which is likely to be secondary to a defect in cell–cell adhesion, an essential function required for cell differentiation and morphogenesis.

There is a great deal of concern about the safety of nanoparticles and their effect on the environment; this has led to a recent Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) drive for testing the toxicity of industrially relevant nanomaterials. A fundamental aspect of the research is the need to measure particle size and particle concentration accurately and reliably, as these two parameters will infl uence toxicity. The current paper presents a study that aims to characterise CeO 2 nanoparticles for the purpose of ecotoxicological studies, and this has resulted in a two-part study that is presented in this paper. The aim of the fi rst part of the study was to observe if small nanosized clusters ( 0.1 mg/L, as NTA tracks individual particles and does not suffer limitations observed with DLS, in which larger particles can potentially mask signal of smaller particles and (c) calibration curve for number concentration by NTA did not yield a linear response; the non-linear response observed should be further investigated if NTA is going to be used to measure particle number concentration, particularly in the low concentration range.

We report an extreme case of Mycobacterium kanasii flexor tenosynovitis with flexor tendon rupture in a healthy 65-year-old left-hand dominant Caucasian housewife.This case highlights the diagnostic conundrum of atypical mycobacteria infections due to their insidious presentation, the need for a high index of suspicion to prevent worsening or delaying the diagnosis from inappropriate steroid use and that these infections can occur in otherwise healthy individuals.

Short mullite fibre reinforced Al–4.5Cu composite and its monolithic alloy have been produced by squeeze casting. The age hardening behaviour at various aging temperatures, aging precipitation characteristics and micromorphologies of the composite and the base alloy have been investigated by means of hardness measurement (HB), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. It is shown that the aged hardness of the reinforced composite is always higher than that of the unreinforced base alloy during the whole aging procedure and at the various temperatures, indicating that short mullite fibres can reinforce Al–4.5Cu binary alloy. The aging response of 3Al2O3.2SiO2f/Al–4.5Cu composite is accelerated considerably by short mullite fibres, compared with Al–4.5Cu alloy, i.e. the precipitation of both θ″ and θ′ phases is apparently accelerated in the composite, based on DSC analysis and TEM examination. But Guinier–Preston zone formation is heavily suppr...

Mullite short fiber reinforced Al-4.0Cu-1.85Mg composite and its base alloy were fabricated by squeeze casting. The age-hardening behavior, precipitation procedure, microstructure of dislocation and precipitates, and the interfacial structure have been studied by means of hardness measurement (HB), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and analytical transmission electron microscope (ATEM), respectively. The short mullite fiber in the composite induces high dislocation density in the near vicinity of the interface after it is solutionized and quenched in ice water, and suppresses or delays the formation of GPB zones. The aged hardness of the composite is always higher than that of its base alloy, but there appears little difference between the time needed in the composite and in the base alloy to reach the peak hardness, which means that the acceleration effect of mullite fiber in the precipitation of Al-Cu-Mg alloy is not great enough. Mg also reacts with Al and SiO2, resulting in the formation of spinel (MgAl2O4), which depletes Mg in the matrix and finally hinders the aging acceleration in the testing composite.

The purpose of this paper was to improve the safety equipment's effectiveness through the comparison. Firstly, the history and safety accident of London Underground and Beijing Subway were shown. Secondly, fire equipment between these two cities was compared including station's hardware installations and carriage's hardware installations. Thirdly, the relative software installations were also compared such as emergency drills. The results showed that Beijing Subway's hardware installations were better than London. However, London Underground's some installations were more effective than Beijing. Both cities would pay more attention on anti-terrorist in tunnel.

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to determine the significance of cyclic imide formation of an aspartic acid residue during storage on the pharmaceutical quality of a recombinant human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (rhGDNF) formulation.

The photoacoustic angular resonance spectroscopy combining both the angular resonance and photoacoustic techniques is presented, which gives several advantages comparing with the traditional methods. The mechanism of the photoacoustic angular resonance spectroscopy for simultaneously determining the thickness and the refractive index of a film is discussed with extended contents. It is also demonstrated that the technique has special capabilities in quantitative non-destructive evaluation of thin films.

To assess genetic diversity in populations of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugensStål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), we have developed and applied microsatellite, or simple sequence repeat (SSR), markers from expressed sequence tags (ESTs). We found that the brown planthopper clusters of ESTs were rich in SSRs with unique frequencies and distributions of SSR motifs. Three hundred and fifty-one EST-SSR markers were developed and yielded clear bands from samples of four brown planthopper populations. High cross-species transferability of these markers was detected in the closely related planthopperN. muiri. The newly developed EST-SSR markers provided sufficient resolution to distinguish within and among biotypes. Analyses based on SSR data revealed host resistance-based genetic differentiation among different brown planthopper populations; the genetic diversity of populations feeding on susceptible rice varieties was lower than that of populations feeding on resistant rice varieties. This is the first large-scale development of brown planthopper SSR markers, which will be useful for future molecular genetics and genomics studies of this serious agricultural pest.

Objectives: Desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) is a desmosomal adhesion protein expressed in basal and immediate suprabasal layers of skin. Importance of Dsg3 in cell–cell adhesion and maintenance of tissue integrity is illustrated by findings of keratinocyte dissociation in the autoimmune disease, pemphigus vulgaris, where autoantibodies target Dsg3 on keratinocyte surfaces and cause Dsg3 depletion from desmosomes. However, recognition of possible participation of involvement of Dsg3 in cell proliferation remains controversial. Currently, available evidence suggests that Dsg3 may have both anti‐ and pro‐proliferative roles in keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to use RNA interference (RNAi) strategy to investigate effects of silencing Dsg3 in cell–cell adhesion and cell proliferation in two cell lines, HaCaT and MDCK. Materials and methods: Cells were transfected with siRNA, and knockdown of Dsg3 was assessed by western blotting, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and confocal microscopy. Cell–cell adhesion was analysed using the hanging drop/fragmentation assay, and cell proliferation by colony forming efficiency, BrdU incorporation, cell counts and organotypic culture. Results: Silencing Dsg3 caused defects in cell–cell adhesion and concomitant reduction in cell proliferation in both HaCaT and MDCK cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Dsg3 depletion by RNAi reduces cell proliferation, which is likely to be secondary to a defect in cell–cell adhesion, an essential function required for cell differentiation and morphogenesis.

To study the significance of nm23, collagen IV and PCNA expressions in non-small cell lung cancer.Expressions of the nm23, collagen IV and PCNA in 84 cases of non-small cell lung cancer were examined with SP immunohistochemical technique. Of the 84 cases, there were squamous cell carcinoma 42, adenocarcinoma 42, stage I 27, stage II 24, stage III 24, and stage IV 9. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-Square test.Expressions of the nm23, collagen IV and PCNA in 84 cases of non-small cell lung cancer were 60. 7% ( 51/ 84) , 75. 0% ( 63/ 84) and 53. 6% ( 45/ 84) respectively. There was negative correlation between the lymph node metastasis and the expressions of nm23 and collagen IV in squamous cell carcinoma, and the expressions of collagen IV and PCNA were associated with tumor differentiation. No correlation was found between TNM stage and expressions of nm23, collagen IV and PCNA.The results indicate that nm23, collagen IV and PCNA participate the modulation of metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer and that they may be used to evaluate the potential of metastasis.

There is a genuine concern about how engineered nanoparticles affect the environment and this has resulted in a detailed two-part study that is presented in this paper. The first part of the study investigates some of the issues surrounding the dispersion and characterisation of nanoparticle suspensions, which are critical in order to carry out testing for understanding the ecotoxicological properties of nanoparticles in the environment. Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were dispersed in de-ionised (DI) water and subsequently characterised using Dynamic Light Scattering and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Results showed that the reliability of data obtained depended heavily on the need to control the dispersion step and to understand limitations associated with current measurement techniques. The second part of the study investigated the fate of nanoparticles when dispersed in three different ecotox media (seawater compared with media of fish and Daphnia), in an attempt to identify initial measurement concerns. Visual sedimentation experiments showed that nanoparticles (within a two day period) were relatively unstable in these ecotox media (relative if dispersion was carried out in DI water). Although most particles aggregated into larger clusters, SEM images showed the presence of nanosize clusters (

To study the telomerase activity in chinese gastric cancer and their adjacent tissues and to explore the possibility of telomerase as a tumor biological marker.Telomerase activity was analyzed in 42 primary gastric cancers and their adjacent tissues and 1 benign gastric lesion by a PCR-based telomerase repeat amplification protocol assay.The result showed 88.1% (37/42) gastric cancerous specimens displayed telomerase activity. However, only 2 of 42 tissue samples adjacent to the gastric cancer showed telomerase activity. However our results indicated that 1 benign gastric lesion sample expressed telomerase activity.The results indicated that the detection of telomerase activity might be a useful method in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.

To analyze the mechanism of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and study the relationship between DAI and brain concussion, brain contusion, and primary brain stem injury.The clinical data and iconographic characteristics of 56 patients with DAI were analyzed retrospectively.Traffic accidents were the main cause of DAI. Among t he 56 cases, 34 were injured for at least twice, and 71.43% of the patients were complicated with contusion.It is considered that DAI is a common pattern of primary brain injury, which is often underestimated. And DAI includes cerebral concussion and primary brain injury, and is often complicated by cerebral cortex contusion. Therefore, it is very simple and practical to divide primary brain injuries into local and diffuse injuries.

To observe the effect of acellular allogenic dermis or acellular porcine dermis together with split-thickness autologous skin graft on coverage of deep burn wound and the wound of scar excision.Acellular allogenic dermis or acellular porcine dermis produced by our unit, with split-thickness autologous skin graft, were used in repairing various wounds in 119 cases. The take rate of various wounds was compared, and the take rate of wounds in which autologous skin from different sites was used to cover either acellular allogenic dermis or acellular porcine dermis was also compared. Histological examination and follow-up were made in some cases.After tangential excision, eschar excision and scar excision, the wounds were covered with either allogenic acellular dermis or porcine acellular dermis and autologous split-thickness skin. The take rate was found to be (93.4 +/- 3.4)%, (92.1 +/- 4.6)%, (94.5 +/- 3.5)%, respectively. There was no a significant difference in take rate (P0.05). No significant difference in take rate between the transplantation of allogenic acellular dermis with autologous split-thickness skin and transplantation of porcine acellular dermis with autologous split-thickness skin was found (P0.05). When autologous split-thickness skin harvested from the trunk or extremities was used, the take rate was (93.1 +/- 4.8)%, (89.0 +/- 6.2)%, respectively, whereas the take rate was only about 70% - 80% when skin harvested from the scalp was used. The take rate was only about 40% when acellular allogenic dermis and autologous micro-skin graft were used to cover the wound. Histological examination 19 months after the transplantation revealed normal structure. Collagenous fibers were orderly arranged. There was no apparent hyperplasia of collagenous fibers. Hair follicles, sweat glands and other skin appendages were not found in the healed area. Grossly, no obvious pigmentation was seen, the surface was smooth with slight wound contraction, and the consistency was flexible.Acellular allogenic split-thickness dermis or acellular porcine split-thickness dermis with autologous split-thickness dermis for coverage of deep burn wound and the wound of scar excision is an ideal material.