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5 results on '"S. J., Phipp"'

1. A measurement of parity non-conserving optical rotation in atomic lead

Author

S J Phipp, P E G Baird, Shigeru Nakayama, and N H Edwards

Subjects
Physics, Magnetic dipole transition, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Nuclear Theory, Parity (physics), Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Optical rotation, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Boson
Abstract

We report a measurement of parity non-conserving (PNC) optical rotation in the vicinity of the 1.279 magnetic dipole transition in atomic lead. We obtain a value for the conventional parameter, , with limits on the nuclear spin-dependent contribution set by the anapole constant . The experimental results, when combined with the relevant atomic calculations, lead to a value for the mass of the boson or, alternatively, place a limit on physics beyond the standard model through the isospin-conserving parameter, S.

Published
1996

2. Magneto-optic rotation for an arbitrary field direction

Author

S J Phipp, P E G Baird, and N H Edwards

Subjects
Physics, Field (physics), business.industry, Polarimeter, Condensed Matter Physics, Rotation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, law.invention, Magnetic field, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, Faraday effect, symbols, Pseudorotation, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Faraday rotator, business
Abstract

We give a theory of magneto-optic rotation and pseudorotation spectra for forbidden transitions. The case considered is that of a weak magnetic field at an arbitrary angle to the direction of light of low intensity passing through a dilate atomic vapour. The theory is applied to the 1279 nm M1 transition in atomic lead and the 1283 nm M1/E2 transition in atomic thallium. Experimental Voigt and Faraday effect data for lead measured in a sensitive optical polarimeter provide confirmation of the predicted profiles.

Published
1995

3. Precise Measurement of Parity Nonconserving Optical Rotation in Atomic Thallium

Author

N H Edwards, S J Phipp, Shigeru Nakayama, and P E G Baird

Subjects
Physics, Condensed matter physics, chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Thallium, chemistry.chemical_element, Parity (physics), Atomic physics, Optical rotation
Abstract

We report a new measurement of parity nonconserving (PNC) optical rotation on the ${6p}_{1/2}$- ${6p}_{3/2}$ transition in atomic thallium near 1283 nm. The result expressed in terms of the quantity $R\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{Im}{{E1}^{\mathrm{PNC}}/M1}$ is $\ensuremath{-}(15.68\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.45)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$, and is consistent with current calculations based on the standard model. In addition, limits have been set on the much smaller nuclear spin-dependent rotation amplitude at ${R}_{S}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}(0.04\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$; this is consistent with theoretical estimates which include a nuclear anapole contribution.

Published
1995

4. Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia

Author

Robert Mulvaney, Nicholas E. Graham, Sebastian Wagner, Mirko Severi, Steven J. Phipps, Narayan Prasad Gaire, Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist, Darrell S. Kaufman, Martina Braida, Anne-Marie Lézine, Jason E. Smerdon, Ignacio A. Mundo, Danny McCarroll, Brendan M. Buckley, Mariano S. Morales, Joelle Gergis, Joseph R. McConnell, Koh Yasue, Valerie Trouet, Stefan W. Grab, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Rochelle Graham, Moinuddin Ahmed, Edward R. Cook, Meloth Thamban, Henry F. Diaz, Eric J. Steig, David J. Nash, James W. C. White, Sharon E. Nicholson, Eduardo Zorita, Brian M. Chase, Jan Esper, Andrew Lorrey, Xuemei Shao, Andrew D. Moy, Dirk Verschuren, A. E. Viau, Duncan A. Christie, Quansheng Ge, Chris S. M. Turney, H. P. Borgaonkar, J. Fidel González-Rouco, Feng Shi, Asfawossen Asrat, Barbara Stenni, Jonathan G. Palmer, Tas van Ommen, Masaki Sano, Michael Sigl, Andrés Rivera, Antonio Lara, Ulf Büntgen, Mark A. J. Curran, Raphael Neukom, Bo Møllesøe Vinther, Ricardo Villalba, Mohammed Umer, Eugene R. Wahl, Martin Grosjean, Sami Hanhijärvi, Thorsten Kiefer, Jürg Luterbacher, Katsuhiko Kimura, Olga Solomina, Heinz Wanner, Paul J. Krusic, Lucien von Gunten, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, María Prieto, Ze-Xin Fan, Takeshi Nakatsuka, Timothy M. Shanahan, Atte Korhola, Nicholas P. McKay, Hans Oerter, Johannes P. Werner, Hugues Goosse, M., Ahmed, K. J., Anchukaiti, A., Asrat, H. P., Borgaonkar, Braida, Martina, B. M., Buckley, U., Büntgen, B. M., Chase, D. A., Christie, E. R., Cook, M. A. J., Curran, H. F., Diaz, J., Esper, Z. X., Fan, N. P., Gaire, Q., Ge, J., Gergi, J. F., González Rouco, H., Goosse, S. W., Grab, N., Graham, R., Graham, M., Grosjean, S. T., Hanhijärvi, D. S., Kaufman, T., Kiefer, K., Kimura, A. A., Korhola, P. J., Krusic, A., Lara, A. M., Lézine, F. C., Ljungqvist, A. M., Lorrey, J., Luterbacher, V., Masson Delmotte, D., Mccarroll, J. R., Mcconnell, N. P., Mckay, M. S., Morale, A. D., Moy, R., Mulvaney, I. A., Mundo, T., Nakatsuka, D. J., Nash, R., Neukom, S. E., Nicholson, H., Oerter, J. G., Palmer, S. J., Phipp, M. R., Prieto, A., Rivera, M., Sano, M., Severi, T. M., Shanahan, X., Shao, F., Shi, M., Sigl, J. E., Smerdon, O. N., Solomina, E. J., Steig, Stenni, Barbara, M., Thamban, V., Trouet, C. S. M., Turney, M., Umer, T., van Ommen, D., Verschuren, A. E., Viau, R., Villalba, B. M., Vinther, L., von Gunten, S., Wagner, E. R., Wahl, H., Wanner, J. P., Werner, J. W. C., White, K., Yasue, E., Zorita, Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique Georges Lemaître (UCL-ASTR), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Hydrologic Research Center, Paléoclimats, proxies, processus (PALEOPROXUS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Departamento de Geografia [Santiago], Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), and Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste

Subjects
010506 paleontology, PALAEOCLIMATE AND PALAEOCENOGRAPHY, Paleoclimate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Climate change, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 910 Geography & travel, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, Investigación Climatológica, Centennial, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 540 Chemistry, Paleoclimatology, Ice age, Earth temperature, Southern Hemisphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, CLIMATE SCIENCE, Atmosphere, Temperature, Little Ice Age, Medieval Warm Periods, Northern Hemisphere, Climatic changes, Scale (music), Climatology, Period (geology), 570 Life sciences, biology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Geology
Abstract

Past global climate changes had strong regional expression. To elucidate their spatio-temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia. The most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century. At multi-decadal to centennial scales, temperature variability shows distinctly different regional patterns, with more similarity within each hemisphere than between them. There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between AD 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth century. The transition to these colder conditions occurred earlier in the Arctic, Europe and Asia than in North America or the Southern Hemisphere regions. Recent warming reversed the long-term cooling; during the period AD 1971?2000, the area-weighted average reconstructed temperature was higher than any other time in nearly 1,400 years. Fil: Ahmed, Moinuddin. Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology. Department of Botany; Pakistán Fil: Anchukaitis, Kevin J.. Columbia University. Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory; Estados Unidos. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Estados Unidos Fil: Asrat, Asfawossen . Addis Ababa University. School of Earth Sciences; Etiopía Fil: Borgaonkar, Hemant P.. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology; India Fil: Braida, Martina . University of Trieste. Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze; Italia Fil: Buckley, Brendan M. . Columbia University. Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory; Estados Unidos Fil: Ulf Büntgen. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Suiza Fil: Chase, Brian M.. Université Montpellier. Département Paléoenvironnements et Paléoclimats (PAL); Francia. University of Bergen. Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion; Noruega Fil: Christie, Duncan A. . Universidad Austral de Chile. Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global; Chile. Universidad de Chile. Center for Climate and Resilience Research; Chile Fil: Cook, Edward R.. Columbia University. Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory; Argentina Fil: Curran, Mark A. J.. Australian Antarctic Division; Australia. University of Tasmania. Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre; Australia Fil: Diaz, Henry F. . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, ; Estados Unidos Fil: Esper, Jan. Johannes Gutenberg University. Department of Geography,; Alemania Fil: Fan, Ze-Xin . Chinese Academy of Sciences. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden ; China Fil: Gaire, Narayan P. . Nepal Academy of Science and Technology. Faculty of Science,; Nepal Fil: Ge, Quansheng. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, ; China Fil: Gergis, Joëlle. University of Melbourne. School of Earth Sciences; Australia Fil: González-Rouco, J Fidel. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Departamento Astrofísica y CC de la Atmósfera; España Fil: Goosse, Hugues. Université Catholique de Louvain. LemaitreCenter for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute; Bélgica Fil: Grab, Stefan W. . University of the Witwatersrand. School of Geography,Archaeology and Environmental Studies; Sudáfrica Fil: Graham, Nicholas. Hydrologic Research Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Graham, Rochelle . Hydrologic Research Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Grosjean, Martin . University of Bern. Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research & Institute of Geography; Suiza Fil: Hanhijärvi, Sami T.. University of Helsinki. Department of Environmental Sciences; Finlandia Fil: Kaufman, Darrell S.. Northern Arizona University. School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability; Estados Unidos Fil: Kiefer, Thorsten . International Project Office, Past Global Changes (PAGES); Suiza Fil: Kimura, Katsuhiko. Fukushima University. Department of Symbiotic System Science; Japón Fil: Korhola, Atte A.. University of Helsinki. Department of Environmental Sciences; Finlandia Fil: Krusic, Paul J.. Stockholm University. Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology; Suecia Fil: Lara, Antonio. Universidad Austral de Chile. Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global; Chile. Universidad de Chile. Center for Climate and Resilience Research; Chile Fil: Lézine, Anne-Marie. Université Pierre et Marie Curie. Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN); Francia Fil: Ljungqvist, Fredrik C.. Stockholm University. Department of History, ; Suecia Fil: Lorrey, Andrew M.. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., National Climate Centre Auckland; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Luterbacher, Jürg. Justus Liebig University. Department of Geography, Climatology, Climate Dynamics and Climate Change; Alemania Fil: Masson-Delmotte, Valérie . Laboratoire des Science du Climat et de l’Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette; Francia Fil: McCarroll, Danny. Swansea University. Department of Geography; Reino Unido Fil: McConnell, Joseph R.. Nevada System of Higher Education. Desert Research Institute; Estados Unidos Fil: McKay, Nicholas P.. Northern Arizona University. School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability; Estados Unidos Fil: Morales, Mariano Santos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Moy, Andrew D.. Australian Antarctic Division; Australia. University of Tasmania. Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre; Australia Fil: Mulvaney, Robert. British Antarctic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Mundo, Ignacio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Nakatsuka, Takeshi. Nagoya University. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; Japón Fil: Nash, David J.. University of the Witwatersrand. School of Geography,Archaeology and Environmental Studies; Sudáfrica. University of Brighton. School of Environment and Technology; Reino Unido Fil: Neukom, Raphael . Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Suiza Fil: Nicholson, Sharon E.. Florida State University. Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, ; Estados Unidos Fil: Oerter, Hans. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in the Helmholtz Association. Department of Glaciology; Alemania Fil: Palmer, Jonathan G.. University of Exeter. College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Reino Unido. University of New South Wales. Climate Change Research Centre; Australia Fil: Phipps, Steven J.. University of New South Wales. Climate Change Research Centre; Australia. University of New South Wales. ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science; Australia Fil: Prieto, Maria del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Rivera, Andres. Centro de Estudios Cientificos; Chile Fil: Sano, Masaki. Nagoya University. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; Japón Fil: Severi, Mirko. University of Florence. Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’; Italia Fil: Shanahan, Timothy M.. University of Texas at Austin. Jackson School of Geosciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Shao, Xuemei. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research; China Fil: Shi, Feng. Chinese Academy of Sciences. LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, ; China Fil: Sigl, Michael . Nevada System of Higher Education. Desert Research Institute,; Estados Unidos Fil: Smerdon, Jason E.. Columbia University. Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory; Estados Unidos Fil: Solomina, Olga N. . Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of Geography; Rusia Fil: Steig, Eric J.. University of Washington. Department of Earth and Space Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Stenni, Barbara. University of Trieste. Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze; Italia Fil: Thamban, Meloth. National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research; India Fil: Trouet, Valerie. University of Arizona. Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research; Estados Unidos Fil: Turney, Chris S.M.. University of New South Wales. Climate Change Research Centre; Australia Fil: Umer, Mohammed. Addis Ababa University. School of Earth Sciences; Etiopía Fil: van Ommen, Tas. Australian Antarctic Division; Australia. University of Tasmania. Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre; Australia Fil: Verschuren, Dirk. Ghent University. Department of Biology; Bélgica Fil: Viau, Andre E.. University of Ottawa. Department of Geography; Canadá Fil: Villalba, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Vinther, Bo M.. University of Copenhagen. Niels Bohr Institute; Dinamarca Fil: von Gunten, Lucien . Past Global Changes (PAGES). International Project Office, ; Suiza Fil: Wagner, Sebastian. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht. Institute for Coastal Research; Alemania Fil: Wahl, Eugene R.. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Climatic Data Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Wanner, Heinz. University of Bern. Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research & Institute of Geography; Suiza Fil: Werner, Johannes P.. Justus Liebig University. Department of Geography, Climatology, Climate Dynamics and Climate Change; Alemania Fil: White, James W.C.. University of Colorado. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research; Estados Unidos Fil: Yasue, Koh. Shinshu University. Department of Forest Science; Japón Fil: Zorita, Eduardo. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht. Institute for Coastal Research; Alemania

Published
2013

5. Temperature trends during the Present and Last Interglacial periods – a multi-model-data comparison

Author

Bakker P., Masson-Delmotte V., Martrat B., Charbit S., Renssen H., Gröger M., Krebs-Kanzow U., Lohman G., Lunt D. J., Pfeiffer M., Phipps S. J., Prange M., Ritz S. P., Schulz M., Stenni B., Stone E. J., Varma V., Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Kiel University, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bristol Research Initiative for the Dynamic Global Environment (BRIDGE), School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol]-University of Bristol [Bristol], ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW)-Australian Research Council [Canberra] (ARC), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, University of Trieste, Earth and Climate, Molecular Cell Physiology, Amsterdam Global Change Institute, VU University Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, P., Bakker, V., Masson Delmotte, B., Martrat, S., Charbit, H., Renssen, M., Gröger, U., Krebs Kanzow, G., Lohman, D. J., Lunt, M., Pfeiffer, S. J., Phipp, M., Prange, S. P., Ritz, M., Schulz, Stenni, Barbara, E. J., Stone, and V., Varma

Subjects
Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Interglacial, Antarctic ice sheet, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Modelling, Palaeoclimatology, Reconstructions, Model-data comparison, Temperature, Ice core, Paleoclimatology, Sea ice, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Northern Hemisphere, Geology, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Climate model, Reconstruction
Abstract

Research paper informed by PAGES' Past Interglacials working group and the Ocean2k working group. ABSTRACT: Though primarily driven by insolation changes associated with well known variations in Earth's astronomical parameters the response of the climate system during interglacials includes a diversity of feedbacks involving the atmosphere ocean sea ice vegetation and land ice. A thorough multi model data comparison is essential to assess the ability of climate models to resolve interglacial temperature trends and to help in understanding the recorded climatic signal and the underlying climate dynamics. We present the first multi model data comparison of transient millennial scale temperature changes through two intervals of the Present Interglacial (PIG; 8 1.2ka) and the Last Interglacial (LIG; 123 116.2ka) periods. We include temperature trends simulated by 9 different climate models alkenone based temperature reconstructions from 117 globally distributed locations (about 45 of them within the LIG) and 12 ice core based temperature trends from Greenland and Antarctica (50 of them within the LIG). The definitions of these specific interglacial intervals enable a consistent inter comparison of the two intervals because both are characterised by minor changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and more importantly by insolation trends that show clear similarities.Our analysis shows that in general the reconstructed PIG and LIG Northern Hemisphere mid to high latitude cooling compares well with multi model mean temperature trends for the warmest months and that these cooling trends reflect a linear response to the warmest month insolation decrease over the interglacial intervals. The most notable exception is the strong LIG cooling trend reconstructed from Greenland ice cores that is not simulated by any of the models. A striking model data mismatch is found for both the PIG and the LIG over large parts of the mid to high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere where the data depicts negative temperature trends that are not in agreement with near zero trends in the simulations. In this area the positive local summer insolation trend is counteracted in climate models by an enhancement of the Southern Ocean summer sea ice cover and/or an increase in Southern Ocean upwelling. If the general picture emerging from reconstructions is realistic then the model data mismatch in mid and high Southern Hemisphere latitudes implies that none of the models is able to resolve the correct balance of these feedbacks or alternatively that interglacial Southern Hemisphere temperature trends are driven by mechanisms which are not included in the transient simulations such as changes in the Antarctic ice sheet or meltwater induced changes in the overturning circulation. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2014

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