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Bacterial sensitivity of thermally diffused stainless steel grade 316L has been studied in this paper. Thermal diffusion heat treatment processes like salt bath nitriding and slurry paste boronizing have been explored for their anti-bacterial properties. SS316L has been chosen as the substrate material due to its acceptance as a general bio-material in the medical industry. The results from the surface hardness and cross section analysis of the treated specimens revealed their characteristic nitride and boride layers confirming the success of the nitriding and boronizing processes. Surface roughness, prior- and post-heat treatment were studied through tactile profilometer. Bacterial sensitivity tests were conducted on the treated and unprocessed specimens with Bacillus subtilis bacteria in nutrient agar. Upon incubating for 24 h, the tests displayed a distinct zone of inhibition adjacent to the treated specimens. Both the nitrided and borided SS316L specimens exhibited anti-bacterial behaviour in response to B. subtilis bacteria. These anti-bacterial surfaces can potentially prevent the formation of infectious biofilm on medical implants and devices.

SAE 52100 high-carbon, chromium-containing low-alloy steel typically finds applications in bearings and rotary machine components. In this study, pack, paste and molten salt bath boronizing techniques were compared at constant 5 h soaking period. The boronizing process on SAE 52100 was studied by characterizing the microstructure through an optical microscope and SEM imaging. Surface hardness, diffusion depth and boronized phases were observed on the boronized samples. Dry sand abrasion tester based on ASTM G65 was used to analyse the abrasive wear resistance of the steel samples under ambient condition. The process of boronizing had produced a hard, wear-resistant case with an average hardness of 1400 HV. A relatively uniform case thickness was achieved in salt bath boronizing method, while the slurry paste boronizing method produced the largest diffusion layer thickness.

Nowadays many of the conventional materials are effectively replaced by composite materials, because of their light weight to stiffness ratio. Gears are the very essential components in mechanical power transmission, and drive in the most industrial rotating machinery. Polymer gears are used in motion and power transmission under different loads and speeds. Gears are generally made from metallic materials but recently advanced polymeric materials were developed because of low cost, light weight, high strength and improved performance of the system. Nylon, polymers, acetal and derlin are the structural polymeric materials used in printing and robotics, mechanical machines such as washing machines, sugarcane crushing machine and gear pump that are used for power and speed transmission. The paper investigates the polymer matrix composites gear with different fiber proportions. The main objective is to make glass fiber reinforced polymer gears using epoxy resin with various proportions of E-glass CSM (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). The work investigates the wear testing of polymer gears of different proportions with metal gear using gear testing rig. The paper focused on morphology of fractured surfaces of polymer gears using scanning electron microscope. Finally, the gear is modeled in Catia software and imported to Ansys for static structural application.

Purpose In this study the microstructure and wear characteristics of Multilayer AlCrN coated AISI 410 stainless steel with the physical vapor deposition technique. Design/methodology/approach The friction and wear performance of the ML-AlCrN-coated AISI410 steel and uncoated AISI410 steel sliding against with high carbon steel were investigated by the ball cratering test at room temperature. The tribological characteristic of coated AISI410 steel was determined by applying constant sliding velocity of 0.3927 ms−1 and total sliding distance of 353.43 m over various normal loads of 2, 3 and 4 N. Findings The AlCrN-coated AISI410 steel showed excellent wear performance up to 4 N load. The uncoated AISI410 steel showed good to acceptable wear resistance up to 2 N load. The wear tracks and worn surface were examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) attachment for explaining the differences in wear mechanism. Originality/value The ability of coating to delay substrate oxidation, with an excellent wear resistance, was identified under different parameters on worn areas.

The aim of Manganese Phosphate coating is to convert the metallic surface completely into a non metallic surface. A Phosphating is a chemical conversion treatment which produces a porous surface layer of crystalline phosphate. High carbon high chromium steels are commonly used in applications requiring excellent wear resistance in tool and die making industries. The wear characteristic of the coated steel was evaluated through pin on disc test as per ASTM G99 standards using a sliding velocity of 3.0m/s under constant loads. Taguchi’s design of L09orthogonal array is followed selecting three parameters namely load, surface roughness, sliding distance. Optimal conditions are arrived by Signal-Noise ratio method with respect to coefficient of friction. The results are validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the percentage of contribution of load, surface roughness and sliding distance for better coefficient of friction are determined.

In this study the microstructure and wear characteristics of uncoated, TiAlN, AlCrN, and TiCN multilayer coated AISI 410 stainless steel. Tribological properties of the coatings were investigated by high carbon steel ball friction in dry sliding, sliding velocity of 0.3927 m s−1, sliding distance of 248.43 m, and under a load range of 2–4 N at room temperature. Among all the multilayer coatings tested, TiCN gave the superior wear resistance, followed by TiAlN and AlCrN. This indicates that the presence of C in TiCN coating leads to increase the wear resistance. At 2–3 N load in which oxidation was present, AlCrN coating shows the excellent wear resistance followed by TiAlN and TiCN coatings. The coating with a TiAlN proved good to acceptable wear resistance between 3 N and 4 N load. The wear rates and worn surfaces were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) attachment), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Talysurf profilometry analysis, which demonstrate that the grooved regions, pits, ploughing ridge, and cavities were found along the worn surface of the uncoated, TiAlN, and AlCrN coated surface. This result exposed that hard-coated particles were observed on the high carbon steel ball surface.

The knowledge of the properties of the coating in terms of wear resistance is of paramount importance in order to prevent the formation of severe damages. In this study, the wear performances of Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) coating over the surface of electro less nickel plating on aluminum and tool steel substrate is analyzed. The surface morphology of coatings was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) .The wear tests were performed in a pin on disc apparatus as per ASTM G-99 Standard. The coefficient of friction and wear loss are evaluated. The results of the wear test established that coated pins exhibited the lowest average coefficient of friction and the lowest wear loss when compared with uncoated pins.

Today, in the area of material design conversion coatings play an important role in applications where temperature, corrosion, oxidation and wear come in to play. Manganese Phosphate is used to reduce friction and improve lubrication in sliding components. In this study, Prediction of wear coefficient of uncoated, Manganese Phosphate coated, Manganese Phosphate with oil lubricant AISI D2 steels was investigated using Archards equation. The Surface morphology of Manganese Phosphate coatings was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) .The wear tests were performed in a pin on disk apparatus as per ASTM G-99 Standard. The wear loss and wear coefficient were evaluated through pin on disc test using a sliding velocity of 0.35 m/s under normal load of 10 to60 N and controlled condition of temperature and humidity. Based on the results of the wear test, the Manganese Phosphate with lubricant exhibited the lowest average wear coefficient of1.24 X10-10 and the lowest wear loss 0.37 mm3 under 60 N load.

Manganese Phosphate is an Industrial coating used to reduce friction and improve lubrication in sliding components. In this study, the tribology behavior of uncoated, manganese phosphate coated, Manganese Phosphate with Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) coated AISI D2 steels was investigated. The Surface morphology of manganese phosphate coatings was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The wear tests were performed in a pin on disk apparatus as per ASTM G-99 Standard. The wear resistance of the coated steel was evaluated through pin on disc test using a sliding velocity of 0.35 m/s under normal load of 10 to 60 N at the controlled condition of temperature and humidity. The Coefficient of friction and wear loss were evaluated. The temperature rise after 15 min and 30 min were recorded for each load. Wear pattern of uncoated, manganese phosphate coated and Manganese Phosphate with Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) coated pins were captured using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Based on the results of the wear test, the manganese phosphate with Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) coating exhibited the lowest average coefficient of friction 0.15 and the lowest wear loss 0.6 mm3 under 60 N loads.

Manganese Phosphate is an Industrial coating used to reduce friction and improve lubrication in sliding components. In this study, the tribology behavior of uncoated, manganese phosphate coated, Manganese Phosphate with oil lubricant AISI D2 steels was investigated. The Surface morphology of manganese phosphate coatings was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) .The wear tests were performed in a pin on disk apparatus as per ASTM G-99 Standard. The wear resistance of the coated steel were evaluated through pin on disc test using a sliding velocity of 0.35 m/s under normal load of 5 to35 N and controlled condition of temperature and humidity. The Coefficient of friction and wear loss were evaluated. Based on the results of the wear test, the manganese phosphate with lubricant exhibited the lowest average coefficient of friction 0.13 and the lowest wear loss 0.4 mm3 under 35 N load.

Developing coated AISI D2 steel, exhibiting enhanced wear performance has been a major interest for the manufacturing industry in recent years. In this study, the Wear Performance of Manganese phosphate coatings on AISI D2 steel subjected to various heat treatments was investigated. The Surface morphology of manganese phosphate coatings was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) .The wear tests were performed in a pin on disk apparatus as per ASTM G-99 Standard. The wear resistance of the coated steel was evaluated through pin on disc test, using a sliding velocity of 0.35 m/s under normal load of 10 to 60 N and controlled condition of temperature and humidity. The Coefficient of friction and temperature were evaluated. The results of the wear test revealed that annealing after the manganese phosphate coating exhibited the lowest average coefficient of friction and the lowest rise in temperature at higher loads.