Search

The purpose of the study was to determine the craniotopographic (craniometric) indicators of sinuous-liquor relationships in the horizontal plane in people of the first and second periods of mature age, based on the maximum permissible depth of its introduction. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the dura mater of the brain with its sinuses, the ventricles of the brain and the vault of the skull of mature people. The study was performed on 100 corpses of people of different ages and gender with the manufacturing of native preparations of the brain with membranes and liquor structures. Of the indicated number of morphological objects, 70 preparations of veins and sinuses of the dura mater of the brain and 30 preparations of the cerebrospinal fluid system of the brain of mature people were made. The study used such research methods as: macro- and micropreparation of anatomical objects of the brain; cranio- and morphometry of veins, sinuses of the dura mater of the brain and liquor structures of the brain; manufacturing of corrosive (acrylic) casts – preparations of veins, sinuses of the dura mater of the brain and liquor formations of the brain; injection technique; variational-statistical analysis of morphometric data; computer-graphic analysis. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was found that the puncture of the central part of the lateral ventricle is better to be performed at the level of the bregma point, or between this point and the vertex (v). The puncture needle penetrates to a depth of 6.0–7.0 cm through the milling hole, which is displaced by 3.0–4.0 cm from the arrow line at an angle of 70–75°. The obtained data make it possible to determine the most optimal craniometric puncture points of the cerebrospinal fluid system of the brain. To penetrate into the cavity of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, the metopion point is proposed, which is located at the intersection of the median plane of the head with the line connecting the most convex areas of the frontal humps. The upper puncture of the lateral ventricle is better to be performed by puncturing at the bregma point (the point of connection of the sagittal and coronal sutures) 2.0 cm from the midline (sagittal plane); the needle is directed down and backwards and at a depth of 5–6 cm (taking into account that it is enlarged and stretched) it enters the ventricular cavity. The suboccipital puncture or a puncture of the cerebellar-cerebral cistern must be performed between the opisthocranion and lambda points. The puncture needle is inserted to a depth of 6.0–7.5 cm, and the end of the needle is gradually lowered to the base of the skull. Conclusion. The most optimal puncture points of the constituent parts of the cerebrospinal fluid system of the brain – the cavity of the anterior horn and the central part of the lateral ventricle, the cavity of the cerebellar-cerebral cistern – were determined using craniometric analysis

The purpose of the study was to summarize new literature data on the effect of physical activity on the secretory function of skeletal muscles and their relationship with organs. Materials and methods. Analytical methods were used in the study. The search for scientific information was carried out in databases of search systems. Results. Muscles secrete proteins called myokines, which are involved in a variety of processes by interacting with tissues. Current research has shown that exercise, by stimulating the skeletal muscle system in vivo, leads to the release of myokines and causes several effects that explain the positive effect of exercise in the treatment of several diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Skeletal muscles synthesize and secrete a wide range of myokines that contribute to various functions in organs, including the brain. Recent publications have focused much attention on one such myokine, the recently discovered protein irisin, which is secreted into the bloodstream from skeletal muscle during exercise from the membrane-bound precursor fibronectin type III. Irisin promotes metabolic processes such as glucose homeostasis and the darkening of white adipose tissue. Irisin also crosses the blood-brain barrier and initiates a neuroprotective genetic program in the hippocampus, which culminates in increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors. Most studies report that irisin concentration is closely related to health status. For example, irisin levels are significantly lower in patients with obesity, osteoporosis/fracture, muscular atrophy, Alzheimer's disease, and cardiovascular disease. Over the past decade, several myokines have been discovered, expanding our understanding of how muscles interact with other organs. In recent publications, a lot of attention is paid to the recently discovered protein irisin, which contributes to metabolic processes. A series of studies on irisin have provided new insights into the mechanisms of exercise to improve bone density, counteract cartilage degeneration, and maintain overall joint environmental homeostasis. These studies further contribute to the understanding of the role of exercise in the fight against osteoarthritis and may provide important assistance in advancing the prevention and treatment of this common disease. Research on the exercise-induced muscle factor irisin will help to better understand and explain the beneficial effects of exercise on maintaining physical health, especially in the fight against aging and age-related degenerative changes. Conclusion. Thus, exercise-induced stimulation of bioactive cytokines increases muscle anabolism, bone formation, mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose utilization, and fatty acid oxidation, and reduces chronic inflammation

The purpose of the work was to study the features of the influence of power fitness programs different in structure and intensity on the morphometric parameters of the body of women of the second period of adulthood. Materials and methods. We examined 50 women aged 36 to 55 years (the second period of adulthood) who had no contraindications for health reasons to power fitness training. To achieve this purpose, the study participants were divided into 2 research groups (A and B), 25 people each. Each of the groups used the proposed program of power fitness training. Anthropometry and bioimpedancemetry methods were used in the course of the 3-month study to determine the peculiarities of the dynamics of morphometric parameters of the body of women of both groups under conditions of muscular activity of different orientation. Results and discussion. In the process of developing an experimental program of power fitness training for women of the second period of adulthood, mainly the whole training management mechanism was aimed at correcting the parameters of intensity of physical activity, which may allow to maximize the energy potential of the body and the level of functionality in general. Thus, the regulation of the value of load intensity was performed due to the following factors: the level of muscle tension was changed by reducing or increasing the duration of the concentric and eccentric phases of movement; the technique of performing the exercise was partially changed due to the amplitude and position of the body in space; the duration of rest intervals between sets was adjusted; the level of complexity of training exercises complexes and their variability was changed. The use of a generally recognized training program in power fitness, which is based on a set of physical exercises on training devices, helps to reduce the parameters of the circumferential body dimensions of women of the second period of adulthood (group A) by an average of 2.7% (p

One of the powerful methodologies of ergogenic nature is the use of vibration loads in the mode of "whole body vibration", which in terms of frequency of oscillations mostly coincides with the frequency of oscillations of the microstructures of the body itself. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of non-pharmacological agents with antioxidant nature of action in vibration loads in athletes. Materials and methods. To assess the effectiveness of vibration loads as a non-pharmacological ergogenic agent, we have chosen vibration loads as one of the most characteristic mechanical effects on the human body. The study of the effectiveness and impact mechanisms of vibration loads on the body of athletes using domestic spiral-vortex simulator involved 24 representatives of cyclic sports. They are qualified rowers in kayaks and canoes. These athletes were divided into equal groups (12 people) by the number of group members – control and main. In the dynamics of research, not only changes under the influence of additional vibration loads of indicators of special physical performance were evaluated, but also numerous homeostatic parameters that reflect the severity of oxidative stress, structural and functional state of cell membranes, the degree of endogenous toxicity, intensity of humoral immunity, and also systemic factors that affect the formation of physical performance – the activity of the factor induced by hypoxia and the main angiogenic factor. Vibration load after the main standard training session was created using a spiral-vortex simulator «PLH-9051» for 30 minutes. The examination of the participants was conducted before starting and at the end of the stage of direct preparation for the competition. Results and discussion. The results of our study have proven that the vibration of the whole body in this mode does not lead to negative changes in the basic standard laboratory parameters of the body. At the same time, it was found that the indicators in the 12-minute test (endurance characteristics) and in the one-minute test (speed characteristics) significantly improved. As for the metabolic changes that are the basis for such rearrangements of the parameters of special physical performance, it is established that there is no additional activation of oxidative stress during vibration training. Vibration loads, firstly, have a positive effect at the subcellular level – the activity of lipid peroxidation reduces and antioxidant protection improves. At the same time, positive changes occur in the activation links of angiogenetic characteristics, which are an indirect reflection of the increase in the number of microvessels and the improvement of tissue blood circulation with the increase of oxygen transfer and plastic and energy substrates. Conclusion. Thus, according to the obtained data, vibration loads in the mode of vibration load of the whole body lasting 30 minutes after standard training load are similar to hypoxic training conditions, but without the occurrence of oxidative stress, and can be used for the same purpose – to improve adaptation mechanisms and increase physical performance at the special preparatory stage of athletes specializing in cyclic sports, and in a more general interpretation – in sports with a predominantly aerobic mechanism of energy supply

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed program of physical therapy in terms of the dynamics of clinical indicators characterizing the limitation of life activity due to the syndrome of combined lower back pain and pelvic girdle pain in women with dorsopathy of pregnancy in the postpartum period. Materials and methods. 29 women in the postpartum period with combined pain syndrome in the lumbar region and pelvis were examined. They were divided into 2 groups. The control group consisted of 14 women who corrected pain with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs orally and locally. The comparison group consisted of 15 women who underwent a developed program of physical therapy (therapeutic exercises, massage, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, kinesio taping, patient education). The intensity of pain was determined on a visual analog scale at rest and on movements, the degree of disability was determined according to the Oswestry Disability Index, Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire, Pregnancy Mobility Index. Results and discussion. The study showed that in both study groups, after the correction at rest, women actually did not experience pain. However, movement loading revealed that the women in the control group had pain, albeit mild. At the same time, in the group of women who underwent active functional rehabilitation, pain during movements was not actually noted. Improvement in life activity, limited due to lower back pain, according to the Oswestry Disability Index in the control group was 17% compared with the initial result, in the comparison group – 60% (p

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of a physical therapy program on the state of functioning of the maxillofacial region in patients with arthrosis of the temporomandibular joint. Materials and methods. The study involved 33 people with arthrosis of the temporomandibular joint of the II-III degrees, which were divided into 2 groups – control and main. The control group consisted of 18 people who received arthrosis therapy only with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The main group consisted of 15 people who additionally underwent the developed program of physical therapy (therapeutic exercises, massage, post-isometric relaxation, kinesiotaping of the masticatory muscles, neck muscles, cervical-collar zone; paraffin therapy course for the temporomandibular joint area, patient education). Complaints of patients, the intensity of pain in the temporomandibular joint on a visual analogue scale, the amount of mouth opening were determined, and auscultation of the joint was performed. Results and discussion. After the completion of the treatment course (for patients of the control group) and physical therapy (for the patients of the main group), pain in the temporomandibular joint did not manifest itself at rest and during movement. This is explained, in particular, by the fact that the basis of conservative treatment of arthrosis is the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with analgesic effects. At the same time, the usage of physical therapy, in comparison with medications, in the main group was statistically significant (p

Currently, a significant part of highly qualified athletes are students of higher educational institutions at the same time, which manifests itself not only in an ultra-high level of physical activity, but also in significant psycho-emotional stress. Therefore, the search and introduction of modern technologies in the process of sports training, including pharmacological, hygienic, rehabilitation, etc. are continuing. An essential place among such technologies is occupied by a comprehensive methodology of nutrition-metabolic support of the training process, built on the principles of evidence-based medicine and using the latest achievements of laboratory and functional diagnostics, biochemistry and pharmacology. The purpose of the study is the formation of ideas about the necessity, validity and effectiveness of nutritive-metabolic support of the process of sports training of students of higher education institutions. Nutrition-metabolic support is part of a sporting nutritiology that possesses all the features of basic science – terms, definitions, and at the same time has great practical significance, helping to form relevant and well-grounded programs of nutrition-metabolic support of the training and competitive process of athletes, as well as to contribute to preservation the health and quality of life of athletes. This position is particularly important in student sports, where the body of an athlete is exposed to additional stressors due to the complexity of the need for a rational and effective combination of the educational and training process of highly qualified athletes. Conclusion. The applied nutritive-metabolic technologies such as methods of metabolic support of motor activity should take into account the specialization and qualifications of athletes, their gender-age characteristics and should be applied depending on the training period and the orientation of the loads. In connection with the improvement and tightening of doping control, it is extremely important that sports nutrition products and special nutritional supplements that are widely used to optimize the functional state of the athlete's body and maintain their health and quality of life do not contain substances related to the World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List, while ensuring a pronounced ergogenic effect

The high risk of fall-risk in patients with Parkinson's disease leads to traumatic consequences, in particular, to the femoral neck fractures. Predictors of fall-risk are old age, sarcopenia, and polymorbidity. All of these conditions are independent indications for carrying out rehabilitation measures; but their combination in one patient should introduce specific features into the recovery process aimed at leveling the signs of each disease. The purpose of the study was to assess the dynamics of functional activity in older people with Parkinson's disease and frailty with the consequences of femoral neck fractures under the influence of physical therapy. Material and methods. We examined 21 elderly patients with Parkinson's disease and frailty in the recovery period after the femoral neck fracture. They were divided into two groups: group 1 practiced according to the principles of polyclinic rehabilitation with a predominance of the use of preformed physical factors and general principles of physical therapy and group 2 practiced according to a developed program of physical therapy with an emphasis on functional training aimed at improving physical qualities, movement stereotype, primarily movement and self-service, taking into account the polymorbidity of the pathology. The developed physical therapy program lasted 3 months; corrective sessions were held three times a week. The program was created taking into account the setting and consistent achievement of individual short- and long-term rehabilitation goals. The effectiveness of the program was assessed based on the results of the Barthel Activities of the daily living Index and the Lawton Instrumental activities of the daily living Scale. Results and discussion. In elderly patients with Parkinson's disease and frailty in the recovery period after the femur neck fracture, a low level of basic (according to the Bartel index) and instrumental (according to the Lawton scale) functional activities is diagnosed, which leads to restrictions in everyday activities and self-care. The developed program of physical therapy revealed a statistically significantly better effect on the indices of the basic and instrumental functional activities of the examined persons in comparison with the general polyclinic program: the increase in the general level of the basic functional activity of the Bartel index in group 1 was 15.52%, in group 2 was 35.59% (p

Today, sports anemia occurs in elite sports quite often, although it is not a disease (does not apply to ICD-10), but only a pathological condition. Sports anemia is characterized by changes in the red link of the blood, and it is associated with a decrease in the content of erythrocytes and / or hemoglobin. However, this condition leads to a significant decrease in physical performance, and, consequently, the effectiveness of the competitive activity of representatives, first of all, of cyclic sports. Athletes are more sensitive to the effects of anemia and iron deficiency than people who are not constantly exposed to intense physical activity, since performance depends on the maximum oxygen consumption and utilization of active muscles. Sports anemia is often iron deficient, as well as B12 and folate deficient. Therefore, the assessment of various factors accompanying the development of anemia and the development of technologies for the correction of this pathological condition is an important task of sports laboratory diagnostics, as well as pharmacology and nutritional science of sports. Material and methods. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the safety and effectiveness of the effect of a course use of the Santeferra dietary supplement containing liposomal ferric iron in the form of pyrophosphate, vitamins B9, B12 and ascorbic acid on the results of training activities of representatives of cyclic sports with predominantly an aerobic energy supply mechanism. In the course of a dynamic study, which lasted 60 days, the parameters of hematological homeostasis and accumulation, metabolism and transport of iron (content of serum iron, transferrin, ferritin, folic acid, iron binding capacity of serum, saturation of transferrin with iron), as well as the level of serum erythropoietin and the severity of oxidative stress were assessed directly in the membranes of erythrocytes. In parallel, we determined the indicators of aerobic endurance: the absolute and relative values of the maximum oxygen consumption and the PWC170 value. Results and discussion. We found out that in the study sample of 67 athletes who specialized in sports with aerobic energy supply (running disciplines of athletics, rowing and canoeing, triathlon, cross-country skiing), 19 (28.35%) had manifestations of sports anemia, and 23 (34.32%) had latent iron deficiency, which also negatively effect on their physical performance. The course application of Santefrerra, 1 capsule per day for 60 days, helped to normalize the accumulation, transport and metabolism of iron, as well as to significantly reduce the manifestations of oxidative stress that occurs under the influence of prolonged physical exertion. In athletes with anemia and latent iron deficiency, practically no changes in the content of erythropoietin in the blood serum were found. At the end of the course of taking a dietary supplement, the indicators of the relative maximum oxygen consumption in the athletes of the main group increased by 11.5% (P

The purpose of the research was the study of nitrite impact on energy metabolism in salivary gland tissues in connection with chronic nitrate intoxication. The study has been carried out on 100 Wistar rats, weighing 160-250 g, which were divided into following groups: the 1st group consisted of intact rodents (control); the 2nd group consisted of experimental rodents, where chronic nitrate intoxication has been reproduced during 14, 30, 60 and 90 days. Intoxication leads to hypoxia, which complications cause tissue hypoxia. Has been established that prolonged intake of nitrates in low doses leads to their accumulation in salivary glands tissues all these result in derangement of metabolism at the intermembrane cellular level. At the same time energy metabolism in salivary glands is inhibited, resulting in their dysfunction at the excretory and endocrine levels.