Search

Your search keyword '"S. Hundertmark"' showing total 120 results
Start Over Author "S. Hundertmark"
120 results on '"S. Hundertmark"'

1. Options for an Electric Launcher System

Author

O. Liebfried and S. Hundertmark

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Projectile, Computer science, Context (language use), Condensed Matter Physics, Railgun, Range (aeronautics), Hypervelocity, Free flight, Aerospace engineering, Artillery, business, Muzzle
Abstract

Railguns are current-driven guns that allow reaching large muzzle velocities and energies. In the military context, the long-range artillery scenario makes use of these two capabilities to enable the launch of hypervelocity projectiles to target distances above 100 km. As of today, the most advanced railgun project is conducted by the Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA, and features railguns with a muzzle energy of 32 MJ. Such large artillery railgun systems with efficiencies above 30% are fed by a pulsed power system with a nominal energy content of about 100 MJ. In contrast to this, experiments with French-German Research Institute’s (ISL) most powerful railgun, PEGASUS, have reached muzzle energies of 2 MJ, only. The nearer future ISL has to answer two questions: 1) is the railgun technology adequate for a long-range artillery scenario? 2) can the railgun launch a hypervelocity projectile which is being developed by other groups in ISL? To do so and to support the development of the hypervelocity projectile, a larger railgun installation with a significant increase of the energy and free flight capability is required. In this paper, three different railgun systems were investigated using an electric circuit simulation code. The systems are referred to by the energy being stored in the capacitors as 25, 50, and 100 MJ. The aim of this paper is to investigate what masses can be accelerated to the relevant velocity range for the long-range artillery scenario by these different primary energies. The results of this paper can be used to aid the decision about the required size, with respect to the military scenario, of a potential future railgun system.

Published
2019

2. The NGL-60 Railgun

Author

G. Vincent, J. Urban, S. Hundertmark, and F. Schubert

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Test series, business.industry, Computer science, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Railgun, Capacitor, Acceleration, law, Caliber, 0103 physical sciences, Square (unit), Power supply unit, Artillery, Aerospace engineering, business
Abstract

At the French-German Research Institute (ISL), several railgun setups are used to investigate different military scenarios. One compelling scenario for a railgun application is the long-range artillery. For this, it is required to be able to handle multimegaampere currents to accelerate heavy launch packages of velocities above 2 km/s and to do so as efficient as possible. The NGL-60 is a 6-m-long open-barrel breech-fed railgun with a square caliber of 60 mm. With this railgun, it will be possible to fully utilize the currently available 10-MJ capacitor-based power supply unit (PSU). To validate the concept of the NGL-60 design, a 2-m-long prototype was installed. Subsequent tests showed that the railgun design is able to handle currents above 2 MA without structural damages or electrical failures. After the successful test series with the prototype, the construction of the full NGL-60 started and is finished by now. In this report, results from the prototype tests are reported, and the first experiments with the 6-m-long NGL-60 are presented.

Published
2019

3. Transitional ballistics of electric high-velocity launchers

Author

R. Hruschka, B. Sauerwein, B. Reck, A. Zeiner, S. Hundertmark, and M. Schneider

Subjects
Materials science, Transitional ballistics, Deflection (engineering), Projectile, High velocity, Airflow, Ballistics, Mechanics, Separation technology, Deformation (meteorology)
Abstract

The high-velocity launch of a projectile is subjected to a number of disturbances which exert an influence on the flight trajectory. In the case of sub-caliber projectiles, sabot separation is one of the critical aspects. In this work, we focus on the projectiles and the launch package of an electric railgun launch, i.e. on the behavior of the launch-package, when transitioning from the gun barrel to free-flight. This work further addresses the use of a hydrocode for creating numerical models which are capable of predicting the motion and deflection of the sabot parts during their separation from the projectile after exiting the muzzle. An earlier study showed that the air flow around the projectile and the sabot can be modeled with sufficiently high accuracy by means of a simulation code that uses an Eulerian description of the gas flow. Within a time interval of several milliseconds, just the duration that a projectile needs to enter quasi-stationary flight, viscous effects of the air or gas flow have relatively little influence on the sabot discard process. If the Eulerian gas flow is coupled with the Lagrangian structural parts, the mechanical response of the latter to the gas pressure can be complex in terms of deformation and damage, and in that way, can affect the gas flow. In this study, the hydrocode model is applied to a medium caliber launch package concept for accelerating long rod projectiles. The computed results agree well with the corresponding experimental values obtained from a launch package model test in the shock tunnel at Mach 4.5. This demonstrates that the presented hydrocode model can be used for launch package design optimizations with high confidence.

Published
2019

4. SPATS - an Acoustic Array at the South Pole

Author

S Hundertmark for the Spats group, S Böser, C Bohm, F Descamps, J Fischer, A Hallgren, R Heller, P O Hulth, S Hundertmark, K Krieger, R Nahnhauer, M Pohl, B Price, K Sulanke, and J Vandenbroucke

Subjects
Acoustic array, Physics, History, Test setup, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Acoustics, Attenuation length, Acoustic wave, Astrophysics, Physics::Geophysics, Computer Science Applications, Education, Summer season, Neutrino detector, ddc:530, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Neutrino, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Order of magnitude
Abstract

The detection of extraterrestrial EHE neutrinos requires detection volumes at least one order of magnitude larger than currently constructed km3 optical neutrino detectors. In ice, it is anticipated that the absorption length for acoustic waves reaches up to to several kilometers. This makes ice an attractive host environment for a next generation acoustic neutrino detector. To measure the acoustic properties of ice at South Pole, a test setup has been developed, ready to be deployed in the 2006/07 summer season.

Published
2007

5. Experimental Investigation of a UHF Radio Link to a Railgun Projectile

Author

S. Hundertmark, G. Vincent, and T. Kauffmann

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Projectile, Radio Link Protocol, Electrical engineering, Physics::Classical Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Magnetic field, Railgun, Ultra high frequency, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Aerospace engineering, business, Short circuit, Voltage drop, Armature (electrical engineering)
Abstract

Railguns are electrical accelerators with the experimentally proven capability to accelerate masses in the range from milligrams to tens of kilograms to velocities in excess of several kilometers per second. A railgun projectile connects via its armature to the current-carrying rails, thus providing a short circuit. To understand the processes during the acceleration, it is highly desirable to measure parameters such as current density, magnetic field strength and distribution, instantaneous acceleration, voltage drop across the armature rail interface, etc., directly in the vicinity of the short circuit. A radio link to the projectile is therefore an attractive option to allow the access to data from sensors placed inside the projectile during the acceleration. In this paper, a UHF radio link from the laboratory to the accelerated projectile is studied using a railgun being installed at the French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis.

Published
2012

6. Development of Advanced Thermoplastic Composite Projectiles for High-Velocity Shots With the PEGASUS Railgun

Author

S. Hundertmark, C. Avril, F. Thiebaud, B. Reck, and D. Perreux

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fabrication, Materials science, Projectile, Epoxy, Condensed Matter Physics, Railgun, Woven fabric, visual_art, Ultimate tensile strength, Peek, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Composite material, Ductility
Abstract

The work presented here aimed at developing advanced thermoplastic composite laminates specifically dedicated to the fabrication of brush-armature supporting structures for the PEGASUS railgun of the French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis. The main objective is to surpass the results obtained previously with glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. Due to higher ductility and superior dynamic behavior of PEEK polymers, an S2-glass woven fabric preimpregnated with a PEEK resin was selected. The interlaminar resistance and tensile behavior of the material was characterized experimentally. The results led to the identification of the most suitable fiber/resin ratio and fabrication process for thick laminates. Several prototypes weighing about 320 g were produced and used for six shots with the PEGASUS railgun. Already in the first series of experiments, the laminates show a remarkable mechanical resistance, and a maximal velocity of 2440 m/s was obtained.

Published
2011

7. Characterization of EM Emission During the Operation of Solid and Plasma Armature Rail Launchers

Author

G Genovesi, S. Di Fraia, G. Becherini, Markus Schneider, A Petri, Bernardo Tellini, and S. Hundertmark

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Coaxial cable, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Mechanical engineering, Plasma, Pulsed power, Electromagnetic emission, Physics::Classical Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Transient analysis, law.invention, Railgun, law, Shielded cable, business, Armature (electrical engineering)
Abstract

We present the results of an experimental analysis aimed at investigating the electromagnetic (EM) emission during rail launcher operation. In order to obtain such data, an experimental setup was assembled in a shielded semi-anechoic chamber, consisting of a pulsed power source-unit, a power coaxial cable and a rail launcher prototype. Several experiments were performed for different operating conditions and results were repeatable. Finally, we provide a qualitative modeling of some sources of electromagnetic transients and we discuss basic aspects driving the EM emission phenomena in railgun systems.

Published
2011

8. Investigating a Radio Data Link to a Railgun Projectile—The Active Projectile

Author

G Vincent and S Hundertmark

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Projectile, business.industry, Range of a projectile, Electrical engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Muzzle velocity, Magnetic field, Magnetic circuit, Railgun, Acceleration, Aerospace engineering, business, Muzzle
Abstract

In railguns, projectiles can be accelerated to velocities of up to several kilometers per second. In many respects, a railgun represents a harsh environment for the projectile. To obtain large muzzle velocities, it has to withstand extreme acceleration, friction, and heat. The large currents being involved give rise to strong magnetic fields and field gradients. All these effects might affect any electronic circuitry that the projectile is being equipped with. To be able to monitor parameters like current, magnetic field strength, temperature, instantaneous acceleration, etc., by sensors being mounted on the projectile would be beneficial for the understanding of the extreme conditions being associated with the acceleration process. This investigation uses commercial 433-MHz transmission systems to establish a one-way link from the projectile to the laboratory. Results from proof-of-principle experiments are reported.

Published
2011

9. Genauigkeit der sonographischen Gewichtsschätzung - Vergleich Schädellage vs. Beckenendlage

Author

S. Hundertmark, H. K. Weitzel, A. Mutz, Michael Entezami, V. Ragosch, and Rolf Becker

Subjects
Head circumference, Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Fetal biometry, Weight estimation, business.industry, Breech presentation, Ultrasound, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, business, Nuclear medicine, Transverse abdominal diameter
Abstract

AIM To determine the quality of prenatal sonographic weight estimation, comparing breech and vertex presentations. METHOD In 147 breech presentations (BP) and 149 vertex presentations (VP), the biparietal head diameter (BPD), the fronto-occipital head diameter (FOD) and the transverse abdominal diameter (ATD) were measured. From these data, the weight was estimated, using Shepard's formula before 28 weeks and Hansmann's thereafter, and compared to the delivery weight. Both formula were modified to incorporate the virtual BPD (vBPD), derived from the BPD, FOD and the calculated head circumference. In the BP group, the role of examiner skills was evaluated, comparing the accuracy of experienced (DEGUM II qualifications) and average individuals. RESULTS The accuracy for BP was nearly identical to that for VP (= 0.915 vs. = 0.929). The examiners' qualifications had a detectable but not significant influence on the results (= 0.942 vs. = 0.892). CONCLUSION Ultrasound measurements yield comparable results in both BP and VP, if the vBPD is used. In our opinion, ultrasonic weight estimation is a useful adjunct when determining the manner of delivery in BP.

Published
2008

10. Experiments with two stages of the augmented electromagnetic launcher (MASEL)

Author

M. Roch and S. Hundertmark

Subjects
Physics, Railgun, Electromagnetics, Classical mechanics, Electrical load, Projectile, law, Mechanical engineering, Physics::Classical Physics, Two stages, Armature (electrical engineering), law.invention, Magnetic field
Abstract

Magnetic field augmentation in railguns enables a reduction of the electrical load on the armature while keeping the same level of the accelerating force. The additional magnetic field provided by the augmentation allows to reduce the magnetic fields produced by the rails. This means that the current through the rails and the armature can be reduced.

Published
2015

11. Comparing a DES to a breech FED railgun usingaspice simulation

Author

S. Hundertmark

Subjects
Physics, Railgun, Capacitor, Electromagnetics, law, Power factor, Electric power, Pulsed power, Automotive engineering, Armature (electrical engineering), law.invention, Electronic circuit
Abstract

The French-German Research Institute performs experimental railgun research. The main railgun is the 6 m long PEGASUS installation, being supplied with electric power by a 10 MJ capacitor bank. The current barrel of this railgun is of the distributed energy supply (DES) type, where the current injection points are distributed along the first 4 m of the barrel length. By minimizing the current path length from the current injection point to the armature, such a system increases the acceleration efficency when compared to a breech fed system with similar parameters. On the other hand, the multiple current injections make a DES barrel more complex and heavier. Using NGSPICE1 an electric circuit describing the pulsed power supply and the electromagnetic launcher of the PEGASUS set up was implemented. With this program, the performance of the DES configuration was compared to a breech fed barrel. The results of this study are used as an input for the design of a new barrel.

Published
2015

12. SPATS - A SOUTH POLE ACOUSTIC TEST SETUP

Author

J. Vandenbrouke, B Price, S. Böser, Allan Hallgren, R. Nahnhauer, S. Hundertmark, and C. Bohm

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Absorption (acoustics), geography, Test setup, geography.geographical_feature_category, Meteorology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Glacier, Geophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Physics::Geophysics, Homogeneous, Observatory, Range (statistics), Polar, ddc:530, Neutrino, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

Due to its large Greeneisen coefficient ice is of special interest for the acoustic detection of ultra-high energetic neutrino-induced cascades. The abundant homogeneous volume and an existing neutrino observatory make the south polar ice cap a favourable location for this purpose. Theoretical calculations yield absorption lengths of ~ 10 km, but no measurements at all are available in the frequency range of interest. We present an experimental setup to measure the key parameters of the antarctic glacial ice.

Published
2006

13. NEUTRINO ASTRONOMY AND COSMIC RAYS AT THE SOUTH POLE: LATEST RESULTS FROM AMANDA AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ICECUBE

Author

P. Ekström, P. Berghaus, M. Kestel, T. DeYoung, D. Z. Besson, T. J. Sumner, R. H. Minor, A. R. Fazely, S. Böser, Kael Hanson, S. Patton, P. Niessen, I. Taboada, R. G. Stokstad, T. Castermans, Carlos Pena-Garay, K. Hultqvist, R. Wischnewski, R. Hardtke, J. K. Becker, C. Pérez de los Heros, T. Becka, Yi Wang, Paolo Desiati, D. R. Nygren, P. O. Hulth, D. Steele, R. W. Ellsworth, T. Hauschildt, Johan Lundberg, S. Schlenstedt, T. Straszheim, Adam Bouchta, J. L. Kelley, Christian Bohm, David A. Schneider, Allan Hallgren, H. Wissing, P. Miocinovic, D.W. Atlee, Kyle T. Mandli, J. Cavin, J. W. Nam, George Japaridze, R. Ganugapati, D. Hays, L. Thollander, D. F. Cowen, A. Achterberg, Jodi Cooley, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, R. Porrata, Marek Kowalski, A. Silvestri, R. Paulos, S. H. Seo, T. Stezelberger, J. Yeck, Elisa Resconi, Hakki Ögelman, A. C. Pohl, Pawel Marciniewski, H. Leich, J. Pretz, P. B. Price, Peter Mészáros, S. Stoyanov, R. Ehrlich, D. Seckel, E. Blaufuss, D. J. Boersma, S. Hundertmark, M. Krasberg, M. Hellwig, H. G. Sander, B. Collin, K. Rawlins, Heiko Geenen, Torsten Harenberg, D. Hardtke, M. Ribordy, K. Helbing, Kurt Woschnagg, R. Koch, I. Liubarsky, Christian Spiering, Ph. Olbrechts, C. T. Day, J. Hodges, James Madsen, Paul Evenson, G. W. Sullivan, James E. Braun, S. Richter, J. Rodríguez Martino, C. H. Wiebusch, K. Münich, N. Langer, C. De Clercq, A. W. Jones, John Clem, Soebur Razzaque, L. Gerhardt, Dmitry Chirkin, M. Solarz, Olga Botner, S. Yoshida, T. Neunhöffer, Albrecht Karle, T. Messarius, Anna Davour, Justin Vandenbroucke, Elisa Bernardini, M. Bartelt, A. J. Smith, R. M. Gunasingha, J. Ahrens, Y. Minaeva, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, W. R. Edwards, R. Morse, N. Kitamura, D. Bertrand, William Carithers, R. Schwarz, C.P. Burgess, M. Walter, T. Burgess, Todor Stanev, Janet Jacobsen, J. A. Coarasa, R. Nahnhauer, R. C. Bay, H. Miyamoto, Xinhua Bai, John N. Bahcall, Jean Gallagher, Glenn Spiczak, S. R. Klein, A. Gross, L. C. Voicu, G. Kohnen, Othmane Bouhali, B. Hughey, K. H. Sulanke, Michael Stamatikos, D. Turčan, C. Walck, J. M. Joseph, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, Wolfgang Wagner, K. Kuehn, W. Chinowsky, N. van Eijndhoven, K. Schinarakis, Gerald Przybylski, H. S. Matis, Matthias Leuthold, P. Herquet, P. Steffen, J. E. Sopher, Francis Halzen, Jan Conrad, T. Feser, O. Tarasova, K. Hoshina, Wolfgang Rhode, D. Hubert, L. Köpke, J. Bergmans, S. Tilav, K. H. Kampert, H. Kawai, C. P. McParland, E. Kujawski, A. Goldschmidt, K.-H. Becker, and H. Albrecht

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Solar neutrino problem, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Coincidence, law.invention, Telescope, Neutrino detector, law, Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino
Abstract

The AMANDA neutrino telescope has been in operation at the South Pole since 1996. The present final array configuration, operational since 2000, consists of 677 photomultiplier tubes arranged in 19 strings, buried at depths between 1500 and 2000 m in the ice. The most recent results on a multi-year search for point sources of neutrinos will be shown. The study of events triggered in coincidence with the surface array SPASE and AMANDA provided a result on cosmic ray composition. Expected improvements from IceCube/IceTop will also be discussed.

Published
2005

14. Results from the AMANDA neutrino telescope

Author

P. Niessen, I. Taboada, Y. Minaeva, C.P. Burgess, D. Bertrand, P. Ekström, K. Rawlins, T. Becka, James Madsen, M. Kestel, J. L. Kelley, C. P. McParland, T. DeYoung, P. B. Price, T. Burgess, T. Neunhöffer, M. Ribordy, A. Karle, A. Goldschmidt, S. Böser, Elisa Resconi, Gerald Przybylski, R. Porrata, Kurt Woschnagg, A. Silvestri, D. Steele, Glenn Spiczak, D. F. Cowen, A. Gross, L. Gerhardt, Dmitry Chirkin, T. Messarius, D. J. Boersma, Torsten Harenberg, Othmane Bouhali, Ph. Olbrecht, Hakki Ögelman, B. Hughey, J. W. Nam, Matthias Leuthold, D. R. Nygren, M. Solarz, K. Helbing, Kyle T. Mandli, P. Steffen, J. Rodríguez Martino, R. C. Bay, Jan Conrad, T. Feser, S. Tilav, R. Nahnhauer, J. Ahrens, C. H. Wiebusch, R. Ganugapati, C. Walck, R. Hardtke, J. K. Becker, Olga Botner, L. Thollander, T. Hauschildt, David A. Schneider, C. Spiering, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, M. Bartelt, P. Miocinovic, Adam Bouchta, C.P. de los Heros, Allan Hallgren, G. C. Hill, K. Münich, Heiko Geenen, Xinhua Bai, K.-H. Becker, T. Castermans, K. Hultqvist, H. Albrecht, C. De Clercq, Karl-Heinz Sulanke, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, S. Hundertmark, James E. Braun, M. Walter, Ph. Herquet, Kael Hanson, Yi Wang, Paolo Desiati, M. Krasberg, H. Leich, S. Schlenstedt, Joseph T. Hodges, H. S. Matis, Francis Halzen, K. Kuehn, K. Schinarakis, Jodi Cooley, S. Richter, M. Hellwig, H. G. Sander, B. Collin, D. Hubert, I. Liubarsky, L. Köpke, R. Morse, K. H. Kampert, R. Schwarz, Wolfgang Rhode, M. Kowalski, Elisa Bernardini, R. G. Stokstad, R. Wischnewski, Michael Stamatikos, P. O. Hulth, H. Wissing, Wolfgang Wagner, A. C. Pohl, Pawel Marciniewski, Anna Davour, and Janet Jacobsen

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Dark matter, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Solar neutrino problem, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Telescope, Neutrino detector, law, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino
Abstract

The Amanda neutrino telescope at the South Pole has been taking data since 1996. Stepwise upgraded, it reached its final stage in January 2000. We present results from the search for extraterrestrial neutrinos, neutrinos from dark matter annihilation and magnetic monopoles.

Published
2004

15. Measurement of the cosmic ray composition at the knee with the SPASE-2/AMANDA-B10 detectors

Author

T. Messarius, M. Solarz, A. Silvestri, Freddy Binon, T. Burgess, S. Böser, J. P Dewulf, P. B. Price, A. C. Pohl, Y. Minaeva, R. Schwarz, Hakki Ögelman, J. Rodríguez Martino, Kyle T. Mandli, I. Taboada, D. Bertrand, T. O. B. Schmidt, J. Ahrens, K. Rawlins, D. J. Boersma, A. Biron, Kurt Woschnagg, P. Ekström, R. Nahnhauer, M. Hellwig, Matthias Leuthold, Paul Evenson, D. R. Nygren, E. Andres, H. G. Sander, P. Steffen, C. P. McParland, Dmitry Chirkin, Michael Stamatikos, James Madsen, Jan Conrad, T. Feser, R. Porrata, T. DeYoung, Staffan Carius, I. Liubarsky, M. Ribordy, Xinhua Bai, L. Gerhardt, A. Goldschmidt, Gerald Przybylski, Glenn Spiczak, D. Ross, R. Engel, K.-H. Becker, K. H. Sulanke, B. Hughey, T. Neunhöffer, R. Hardtke, T. Becka, M. Gaug, James Kim, Albrecht Karle, R. Morse, R. C. Bay, P. Niessen, Todor Stanev, Yajun Wang, S. Schlenstedt, R. Ganugapati, D. Hubert, C. Wiedemann, Olga Botner, D. Steele, C. Walck, Ph. Herquet, S. Tilav, P. C. Mock, D. F. Cowen, Marek Kowalski, P. Miocinovic, Kael Hanson, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, L. Köpke, Paolo Desiati, Ph. Olbrechts, H. Leich, C. Pérez de los Heros, T. Castermans, Wolfgang Rhode, C. De Clercq, Christopher Wiebusch, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, Othmane Bouhali, W. Wu, David A. Schneider, G. C. Hill, Heiko Geenen, Pawel Marciniewski, Anna Davour, Janet Jacobsen, Wolfgang Wagner, P. O. Hulth, H. Wissing, Elisa Bernardini, Jim Hinton, R. G. Stokstad, R. Wischnewski, P. Lindahl, Christian Spiering, S. Hundertmark, K. Rochester, K. Kuehn, Alan Watson, J. I. Lamoureux, K. Schinarakis, Jodi Cooley, T. Hauschildt, K. Hultqvist, S. Young, T. Miller, J. Lloyd-Evans, Adam Bouchta, S. Richter, H. S. Matis, Allan Hallgren, Francis Halzen, E. Dickinson, and Elisa Resconi

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Cosmic Rays, Mass composition, Neutrino astronomy, Atomic mass, Air shower, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Neutrino, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The mass composition of high-energy cosmic rays at energies above 1015 eV can provide crucial information for the understanding of their origin. Air showers were measured simultaneously with the SPASE-2 air shower array and the AMANDA-B10 Cherenkov telescope at the South Pole. This combination has the advantage to sample almost all high-energy shower muons and is thus a new approach to the determination of the cosmic ray composition. The change in the cosmic ray mass composition was measured versus existing data from direct measurements at low energies. Our data show an increase of the mean log atomic mass 〈lnA〉 by about 0.8 between 500 TeV and 5 PeV. This trend of an increasing mass through the "knee" region is robust against a variety of systematic effects. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2004

16. Muon track reconstruction and data selection techniques in AMANDA

Author

P. B. Price, T. O. B. Schmidt, C. Pérez de los Heros, T. Becka, M. Kestel, Kurt Woschnagg, T. DeYoung, Dmitry Chirkin, Staffan Carius, D. Steele, S. Böser, Jodi Cooley, Matthias Leuthold, Elisa Bernardini, D. R. Nygren, R. Ganugapati, P. Herquet, D. F. Cowen, Marek Kowalski, P. Steffen, M. Solarz, Jan Conrad, T. Feser, S. Richter, I. Taboada, T. Castermans, H. S. Matis, K. Rawlins, M. Hellwig, P. Miocinovic, Yajun Wang, H. G. Sander, Francis Halzen, Michael Stamatikos, S. Schlenstedt, C. P. McParland, R. Hardtke, Markus Gaug, B. Collin, D. J. Boersma, James Madsen, C. Wiedemann, A. Goldschmidt, I. Liubarsky, David A. Schneider, A. Silvestri, J. P Dewulf, G. C. Hill, R. G. Stokstad, C. H. Wiebusch, Hakki Ögelman, R. Wischnewski, P. Lindahl, Christian Spiering, Y. Minaeva, R. C. Bay, K.-H. Becker, M. Ribordy, K. Helbing, Heiko Geenen, R. Nahnhauer, J. Rodríguez Martino, K. Kuehn, K. Schinarakis, T. Burgess, Othmane Bouhali, T. Messarius, R. Morse, L. Gerhardt, J. Ahrens, Ph. Olbrechts, K. Münich, K. Hultqvist, T. Neunhöffer, Albrecht Karle, A. Biron, Glenn Spiczak, Xinhua Bai, J. W. Nam, L. Thollander, B. Hughey, H. Leich, S. Tilav, P. C. Mock, R. Schwarz, Kael Hanson, Paolo Desiati, R. Porrata, A. C. Pohl, Gerald Przybylski, K. H. Sulanke, Olga Botner, D. Bertrand, C. De Clercq, S. W. Barwick, C. Walck, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, Torsten Harenberg, Elisa Resconi, J. K. Becker, T. Hauschildt, Adam Bouchta, Allan Hallgren, Ole Streicher, S. Hundertmark, J. I. Lamoureux, P. Niessen, D. Hubert, Axel Groß, L. Köpke, D. Ross, Pawel Marciniewski, Anna Davour, Janet Jacobsen, Wolfgang Wagner, P. O. Hulth, H. Wissing, Wolfgang Rhode, and P. Ekström

Subjects
Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array, Physics, AMANDA, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Neutrino astrophysics, Neutrino telescope, Track reconstruction, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Muon neutrino, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Lepton
Abstract

The Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) is a high-energy neutrino telescope operating at the geographic South Pole. It is a lattice of photo-multiplier tubes buried deep in the polar ice between 1500m and 2000m. The primary goal of this detector is to discover astrophysical sources of high energy neutrinos. A high-energy muon neutrino coming through the earth from the Northern Hemisphere can be identified by the secondary muon moving upward through the detector. The muon tracks are reconstructed with a maximum likelihood method. It models the arrival times and amplitudes of Cherenkov photons registered by the photo-multipliers. This paper describes the different methods of reconstruction, which have been successfully implemented within AMANDA. Strategies for optimizing the reconstruction performance and rejecting background are presented. For a typical analysis procedure the direction of tracks are reconstructed with about 2 degree accuracy., 40 pages, 16 Postscript figures, uses elsart.sty

Published
2004

17. Calibration and survey of AMANDA with the SPASE detectors

Author

G. M. Splczak, Yajun Wang, S. Schlenstedt, P. Niessen, D. Bertrand, C. Wiedemann, I. Taboada, R. C. Bay, L. Gerhardt, P. Ekström, David A. Schneider, Ph. Herquet, T. Becka, C. Pérez de los Heros, Xinhua Bai, T. Messarius, G. C. Hill, Kael Hanson, C. Wiebusch, S. Böser, Todor Stanev, Staffan Carius, K. Rawlins, R. Schwarz, Ph. Olbrechts, Heiko Geenen, Matthias Leuthold, D. R. Nygren, M. Gaug, James Madsen, Paolo Desiati, K. H. Sulanke, D. Steele, P. Steffen, Jodi Cooley, R. Porrata, R. Ganugapati, C. P. McParland, R. Engel, A. Biron, Elisa Bernardini, Hakki Ögelman, Jan Conrad, T. Feser, Kyle T. Mandli, D. F. Cowen, S. Young, Marek Kowalski, P. B. Price, Jim Hinton, A. Goldschmidt, Gerald Przybylski, A. Silvestri, T. O. B. Schmidt, M. Ribordy, M. Hellwig, H. G. Sander, Kurt Woschnagg, L. Köpke, Paul Evenson, B. Hughey, T. Neunhöffer, James Kim, Albrecht Karle, Y. Minaeva, R. Hardtke, Dmitry Chirkin, R. G. Stokstad, K.-H. Becker, R. Wischnewski, S. Richter, I. Liubarsky, J. Rodríguez Martino, Ch. Weinheimer, H. Leich, T. DeYoung, Othmane Bouhali, P. Miocinovic, Wolfgang Rhode, J. Ahrens, A. C. Pohl, Michael Stamatikos, W. Wu, R. Morse, D. Ross, S. Tilav, P. C. Mock, K. Kuehn, K. Schinarakis, H. S. Matis, Freddy Binon, T. Burgess, Francis Halzen, Olga Botner, P. Lindahl, Christian Spiering, K. Rochester, Alan Watson, P. O. Hulth, H. Wissing, Wolfgang Wagner, M. Solarz, Pawel Marciniewski, T. Hauschildt, Anna Davour, J. Lloyd-Evans, Janet Jacobsen, K. Hultqvist, Adam Bouchta, Allan Hallgren, P. Romenesko, Elisa Resconi, D. Martello, T. Castermans, C. De Clercq, S. W. Barwick, C. Walck, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, S. Hundertmark, J. I. Lamoureux, T. C. Miller, and P. Doksus

Subjects
Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Detector, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Particle detector, Air shower, Neutrino detector, Cosmic rays, Neutrino telescopes, Coincident, Instrumentation
Abstract

We report on the analysis of air showers observed in coincidence by the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino detector array (AMANDA-B10) and the South Pole Air Shower Experiment (SPASE-1 and SPASE-2). We discuss the use of coincident events for calibration and survey of the deep AMANDA detector as well as the response of AMANDA to muon bundles. This analysis uses data taken during 1997 when both SPASE-1 and SPASE-2 were in operation to provide a stereo view of AMANDA. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2004

18. Status of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

Author

Olga Botner, C. Pérez de los Heros, John N. Bahcall, T. Becka, Othmane Bouhali, K. Hultqvist, R. C. Bay, K. Rawlins, S. Yoshida, M. Ribordy, N. van Eijndhoven, Gerald Przybylski, W Carithers, A. C. Pohl, S. Hundertmark, J. Cavin, A. W. Jones, James Madsen, D. Steele, H. Kawai, C. P. McParland, H. S. Matis, Ph. Herquet, J. I. Lamoureux, G. W. Sullivan, Soebur Razzaque, R. Paulos, R. G. Stokstad, Anna Davour, A. Goldschmidt, R. Wischnewski, J. Pretz, Ph. Olbrechts, Francis Halzen, R. H. Minor, Kael Hanson, R. Ganugapati, T. Hauschildt, Janet Jacobsen, D. F. Cowen, M. Solarz, Marek Kowalski, K.-H. Becker, Adam Bouchta, R. Schwarz, R. M. Gunasingha, Y. Minaeva, S. Patton, P. B. Price, Paolo Desiati, Allan Hallgren, R.-R Wang, Christian Bohm, Michael Stamatikos, R. Hardtke, George Japaridze, David A. Schneider, J. A. Goodman, Kurt Woschnagg, Hakki Ögelman, P. Niessen, D. Hubert, Wolfgang Wagner, K. Helbing, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, Paul Evenson, Todor Stanev, I. Taboada, S. Schlenstedt, C. Wiedemann, Christian Spiering, P. O. Hulth, H. Miyamoto, Dmitry Chirkin, Elisa Resconi, D. Seckel, Jean Gallagher, L. Köpke, Heiko Geenen, A. R. Fazely, H. Leich, H. Wissing, S. Tilav, N. Kitamura, R. Nahnhauer, Elisa Bernardini, J. Ahrens, D. R. Nygren, T. Neunhöffer, C. Walck, T. Messarius, K. Schinarakis, P. Steffen, Albrecht Karle, Thomas K. Gaisser, Jodi Cooley, Xinhua Bai, Jan Conrad, T. Feser, Wolfgang Rhode, T. J. Sumner, T. Castermans, Peter Mészáros, C. De Clercq, W. Chinowsky, D. Bertrand, S. Richter, M. Hellwig, R. W. Ellsworth, H. G. Sander, B. Collin, I. Liubarsky, C. H. Wiebusch, R. Morse, T. Stezelberger, D. Hays, R. Ehrlich, S. Böser, A. J. Smith, K. H. Sulanke, T. Burgess, M. Kestel, T. DeYoung, E. Blaufuss, D. Z. Besson, D. J. Boersma, Glenn Spiczak, B. Hughey, R. Koch, and P. Miocinovic

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Solar neutrino problem, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, law.invention, Telescope, Neutrino detector, Space and Planetary Science, law, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Neutrino astronomy
Abstract

The IceCube neutrino telescope, to be constructed near the Antarctic South Pole, represents the next generation of neutrino telescope. Its large 1 km3 size will make it uniquely sensitive to the detection of neutrinos from astrophysical sources. The current design of the detector is presented. The basic performance of the detector and its ability to search for neutrinos from various astrophysical sources has been studied using detailed simulations and is discussed.

Published
2004

19. Results from the AMANDA telescope

Author

J. Ahrens, X. Bai, S.W. Barwick, T. Becka, K.-H. Becker, E. Bernardini, D. Bertrand, F. Binon, A. Biron, S. Böser, O. Botner, O. Bouhali, T. Burgess, S. Carius, T. Castermans, D. Chirkin, J. Conrad, J. Cooley, D.F. Cowen, A. Davour, C. De Clercq, T. DeYoung, P. Desiati, J.-P. Dewulf, P. Ekström, T. Feser, T.K. Gaisser, R. Ganupati, M. Gaug, H. Geenen, L. Gerhardt, A. Goldschmidt, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, R. Hardtke, T. Hauschildt, M. Hellwig, Ph. Herquet, G.C. Hill, P.O. Hulth, K. Hultqvist, S. Hundertmark, J. Jacobsen, A. Karle, L. Köpke, K. Kuehn, M. Kowalski, J.I. Lamoureux, H. Leich, M. Leuthold, P. Lindahl, I. Liubarsky, J. Madsen, K. Mandli, P. Marciniewski, H.S. Matis, C.P. McParland, T. Messarius, Y. Minaeva, P. Miočinović, R. Morse, R. Nahnhauer, T. Neunhöffer, P. Niessen, D.R. Nygren, H. Ogelman, Ph. Olbrechts, C. Pérez de los Heros, A.C. Pohl, P.B. Price, G.T. Przybylski, K. Rawlins, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, S. Richter, J. Rodríguez Martino, H.-G. Sander, T. Schmidt, D. Schneider, K. Schinarakis, R. Schwarz, A. Silvestri, M. Solarz, G.M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, D. Steele, P. Steffen, R.G. Stokstad, P. Sudoff, K.-H. Sudoff, K.-H. Sulanke, I. Taboada, L. Thollander, S. Tilav, W. Wagner, C. Walck, C. Weinheimer, C.H. Wiebusch, C. Wiedemann, R. Wischnewski, H. Wissing, K. Woschnagg, G. Yodh, and S. Young

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Particle detector, law.invention, Massless particle, Telescope, Neutrino detector, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Lepton
Abstract

We present results from the AMANDA high energy neutrino telescope located at the South Pole. They include measurements of the atmospheric neutrino flux, search for UHE point sources, and diffuse sources producing electromagnetic/hadronic showers at the detector or close to it.

Published
2003

20. Results from the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array

Author

J. Ahrens, X. Bai, S.W. Barwick, T. Becka, K.-H. Becker, E. Bernaxdini, D. Bertrand, F. Binon, A. Birone, S. Böser, O. Botnerg, O. Bouhali, T. Burgess, S. Carius, T. Castermans, A. Chen, D. Chirkin, J. Conrad, J. Cooley, D.F. Cowen, A. Davour, C. De Clercq, T. DeYoung, P. Desiati, J.-P. Dewulf, P. Doksus, P. Ekström, T. Feser, T.K. Gaisser, M. Gaug, L. Gerhardt, A. Goldschmidt, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, R. Hardtke, T. Hauschildt, M. Hellwig, P. Herquet, G.C. Hill, P.O. Hulth, S. Hundertmark, J. Jacobsen, A. Karle, B. Koci, L. Köpke, K. Kuehn, M. Kowalski, J.I. Lamoureux, H. Leich, M. Leuthold, P. Lindahl, I. Liubarsky, J. Madsen, P. Marciniewski, H.S. Matis, C.P. McParland, Y. Minaeva, P. Miočinović, R. Morse, R. Nahnhauer, T. Neunhöffer, P. Niessen, D.R. Nygren, H. Ogelman, Ph. Olbrechts, C. Pérez de los Heros, A.C. Pohl, P.B. Price, G.T. Przybylski, K. Rawlins, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, S. Richter, J. Rodríguez Martino, D. Ross, H.-G. Sander, T. Schmidt, D. Schneider, R. Schwarz, A. Silvestri, M. Solarz, G.M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, D. Steele, P. Steffen, R.G. Stokstad, P. Sudhoff, K.-H. Sulanke, I. Taboada, L. Thollander, S. Tilav, C. Walck, C. Weinheimer, C.H. Wiebusch, C. Wiedemann, R. Wischnewski, H. Wissing, K. Woschnagg, G. Yodh, and S. Young

Subjects
Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Detector, Flux, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Muon neutrino, Ultrahigh energy, Neutrino
Abstract

We show new results from both the older and newer incarnations of AMANDA (AMANDA-B10 and AMANDA-II, respectively). These results demonstrate that AMANDA is a functioning, multipurpose detector with significant physics and astrophysics reach. They include a new higher-statistics measurement of the atmospheric muon neutrino flux and preliminary results from searches for a variety of sources of ultrahigh energy neutrinos: generic point sources, gamma-ray bursters and diffuse sources producing muons in the detector, and diffuse sources producing electromagnetic or hadronic showers in or near the detector.

Published
2003

21. Physics and Results from the AMANDA-II High Energy Neutrino Telescope

Author

H. G. Sander, P. Ekström, R. Schwarz, M. Kowalski, P. Lindahl, Staffan Carius, X. Bai, P. O. Hulth, T. Hauschildt, Kyler Kuehn, Allan Hallgren, H. S. Matis, C. Wiedemann, P. B. Price, H. Wissing, P. Miocinovic, C. Walck, Stefan Richter, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Böser, M. Gaug, M. Hellwig, Dmitry Chirkin, Gerald Przybylski, A. Silvestri, Francis Halzen, S. Hundertmark, Matthias Leuthold, K. Hultqvist, M. Solarz, Kael Hanson, Elisa Bernardini, Kyle T. Mandli, Elisa Resconi, D. R. Nygren, P. Doksus, K. Rawlins, M. Ribordy, Olga Botner, T. Castermans, P. Steffen, Hakki Ögelman, J. Rodríguez Martino, T. Messarius, Jan Conrad, T. Feser, C. De Clercq, R. Nahnhauer, Steven W. Barwick, Jodi Cooley, J. P Dewulf, S. W. Barwick, S. Young, J. Ahrens, Y. Minaeva, L. Gerhardt, Paolo Desiati, R. G. Stokstad, R. Wischnewski, P. Herquet, Karl-Heinz Sulanke, R. Ganupati, H. Leich, Wolfgang Wagner, T. Burgess, D. Bertrand, R. Morse, J. I. Lamoureux, K. Schinarakis, Freddy Binon, A. C. Pohl, Pawel Marciniewski, P. Sudhoff, Glenn Spiczak, Anna Davour, D. F. Cowen, Donald P. Schneider, T. Neunhöffer, Timothy W. Schmidt, K.-H. Becker, J. Madsen, S. Tilav, C. P. McParland, A. Goldschmidt, A. Biron, C. Spiering, Ph. Olbrechts, A. Karle, Othmane Bouhali, C. H. Wiebusch, G. C. Hill, L. Thollander, Heiko Geenen, Tyce DeYoung, R. Hardtke, I. Taboada, T. Becka, Janet Jacobsen, Wolfgang Rhode, K. Woschnagg, D. Ross, P. Niessen, D. Steele, and L. Köpke

Subjects
Physics, Telescope, Neutrino detector, law, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, Measurements of neutrino speed, Astronomy, Neutrino astronomy, Solar neutrino problem, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, law.invention
Abstract

This paper briefly describes the principle of operation and science goals of the AMANDA high energy neutrino telescope located at the South Pole, Antarctica. Results from an earlier phase of the telescope, called AMANDA-BIO, demonstrate both reliable operation and the broad astrophysical reach of this device, which includes searches for a variety of sources of ultrahigh energy neutrinos: generic point sources, Gamma-Ray Bursts and diffuse sources. The predicted sensitivity and angular resolution of the telescope were confirmed by studies of atmospheric muon and neutrino backgrounds. We also report on the status of the analysis from AMANDA-II, a larger version with far greater capabilities. At this stage of analysis, details of the ice properties and other systematic uncertainties of the AMANDA-II telescope are under study, but we have made progress toward critical science objectives. In particular, we present the first preliminary flux limits from AMANDA-II on the search for continuous emission from astrophysical point sources, and report on the search for correlated neutrino emission from Gamma Ray Bursts detected by BATSE before decommissioning in May 2000. During the next two years, we expect to exploit the full potential of AMANDA-II with the installation of a new data acquisition system that records full waveforms from the in-ice optical sensors.

Published
2003

22. 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1: A New Regulator of Fetal Lung Maturation

Author

H. Bühler, Ragosch, Dill A, S. Hundertmark, Seckl, Looman K, Stevens P, and C. Lipka

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, Biology, Biochemistry, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Pulmonary surfactant, Pregnancy, Corticosterone, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Wistar, Lung, Mice, Knockout, Fetus, Microscopy, Confocal, Respiratory distress, Biochemistry (medical), Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Pulmonary Surfactants, General Medicine, Amniotic Fluid, Rats, Microscopy, Electron, Animals, Newborn, chemistry, Glycyrrhetinic Acid, Gestation, 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Female, Cortisone, Sphingomyelin, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Intracellular, medicine.drug
Abstract

Glucocorticoids (GCs) induce surfactant synthesis in the late fetal lung. Deficient GC action causes respiratory distress syndrome. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) converts inert cortisone (11-dehydrocorticosterone in rodents) into active cortisol (corticosterone), thus amplifying intracellular GC action. We investigated 11beta-HSD1 in the late fetal lung using the licorice-derived inhibitor, glycyrrhetinic acid (GE), in pregnant rats (day 13 of gestation until term). Control fetal mice and rats showed high 11beta-HSD activity in the late fetal lung; levels of plasma 11-dehydrocorticosterone were also high. Reduction/loss of pulmonary 11beta-HSD1 activity in GE-treated rats substantially impaired fetal lung maturation. Lungs from GE-exposed rats had lower surfactant protein-A (mRNA and protein) levels and reduced amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios. There was a marked depletion of lung surfactant before and after birth, as detected by both light and electron microscopy. The data emphasize the importance of 11beta-HSD1 in amplifying key GC-dependent maturational processes in the late fetal lung.

Published
2002

23. Veränderungen des Beckenbodens in graviditate: Blasenhalstopografie und Muskelfunktionalität. Eine Longitudinalstudie

Author

R. Lange, D. Walther, and S. Hundertmark

Subjects
Gynecology, Stress incontinence, medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, Pelvic floor, Pelvic floor EMG, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Electromyography, medicine.disease, body regions, Contractility, Neck of urinary bladder, medicine.anatomical_structure, Maternity and Midwifery, medicine, Gestation, business
Abstract

Objective: We studied the topography of the bladder neck and the functionality of the pelvic floor longitudinally during pregnancy. Methods: Thirty-eight pregnant women were examined in the 10th, 20th, 30th, and 40th weeks of gestation and 4-10 weeks after delivery. Perineal ultrasonography was used to image the bladder neck at rest, during Valsalva, and during a pelvic floor contraction. The functionality of the pelvic floor was assessed with electromyography (EMG). Results: All women had significant descent of the bladder neck over the course of pregnancy. This was seen at rest and, particularly, during straining. The greatest amount of descent was seen before delivery. After delivery descensus progressed in some women and decreased in others. The sum potential of the pelvic floor EMG decreased in the first trimester (P

Published
2001

24. Imminent premature birth as an emergency

Author

V. Ragosch, Andreas D. Ebert, and S. Hundertmark

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, business
Abstract

Etwa 2/3 der Neonatalsterblichkeit ist Folge der Fruhgeburtlichkeit. Ein wesentlicher bisher wenig beachteter Faktor ist die Notwendigkeit der Qualitatssicherung fur die Erkennung und Erstbehandlung der imminenten Fruhgeburt. Arzte, die im Rahmen der Primarversorgung von Schwangeren mit fraglichen Fruhgeburtsbestrebungen die Entscheidung zwischen rechtzeitiger intrauteriner Verlegung oder Moglichkeit der weiterer Betreuung zu treffen haben, nehmen eine grose Verantwortung auf sich. Die zu groszugige Verlegung in Zentren ist mit unnotigen Kosten und Verangstigung der Schwangeren verbunden. Eine zu zuruckhaltende Verlegungspraxis kann zu Notsituationen fuhren, die die Prognose der Kinder verschlechtern. Allgemeingultige Handlungsrichtlinien fur eine sinnvolle diagnostische und therapeutische Kaskade in dieser Situation sind schwierig zu erstellen. Ein individuell erstellter Notfallplan ist hier sinnvoll, wobei die wichtigste Masnahme bei tatsachlich drohender Fruhgeburt eine zugig organisierte arztlich begleitete Verlegung der Schwangeren in ein Krankenhaus der Maximalversorgung ist. Die Durchfuhrung weiterer Basismasnahmen (Lungenreifeinduktion, Tokolyse, Antibiotika, evtl. Entbindung vor Ort unter Hinzuziehung eines Neonatologen) ist abhangig vom Befund, dem Schwangerschaftsalter und den lokalen Moglichkeiten individuell fur die Situation zu indizieren. Auf der Basis der aktuellen Erkenntnisse werden nachfolgend Empfehlung fur diese Masnahmen gegeben.

Published
2001

25. Ontogeny of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase: Activity in the Placenta, Kidney, Colon of Fetal Rats and Rabbits

Author

M. Fromm, S. Hundertmark, Kruner-Gareis B, Ragosch, K. Kuhlmann, Seckl, H. Bühler, and Kruner M

Subjects
endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Amniotic fluid, Hydrocortisone, Colon, Placenta, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, Gestational Age, Kidney, Biochemistry, Fetal Kidney, Organ Culture Techniques, Endocrinology, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Enzyme Inhibitors, Glucocorticoids, Fetus, Ussing chamber, business.industry, Sodium, Biochemistry (medical), Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Transplacental, Biological Transport, General Medicine, Amniotic Fluid, Rats, Cortisone, medicine.anatomical_structure, embryonic structures, 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Female, Rabbits, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Mechanisms to regulate closely fetal GC exposure are of considerable importance, as certain organs (kidney, brain) are adversely affected by excess GCs. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) reduces transplacental passage of maternal GCs to the fetus. We hypothesized that 11beta-HSD2, if active in fetal kidney and colon, might allow local tissue modulation of GC access during the critical last trimester. We determined the presence, ontogeny and functionality of 11beta-HSD in the placenta and fetal, neonatal and adult kidney and colon in rats and rabbits and the cortisol:cortisone ratio in human amniotic fluid, which represents fetal urine. There was clear a 11beta-HSD2 expression in last trimester fetal colon, kidney and placenta in both rats and rabbits. This appeared of functional importance, since the potency of cortisol on fetal rabbit colonic sodium flux in the Ussing chamber was increased by 11beta-HSD inhibition. In human amniotic fluid, we found a decreasing ratio of cortisol:cortisone across the last trimester, suggesting an analogous onset of renal 11beta-HSD2 activity in the human fetal kidney. Local fetal tissue 11beta-HSD2 may modulate exposure to the deleterious effects of GCs upon target tissue maturation during sensitive periods of late gestation when fetal GC levels rise to prepare other organs (lung) for adaptations at birth.

Published
2001

26. Status of the AMANDA experiment

Author

P. Ekström, S. Hundertmark, L. Gray, D. M. Lowder, G. C. Hill, Lars Bergström, E. Andres, S. Tilav, P. C. Mock, Staffan Carius, P. Askebjer, T. Miller, D. R. Nygren, P. Lindahl, D. F. Cowen, Steven W. Barwick, P. B. Price, A. Richards, R. Schwarz, Adam Bouchta, C. Pérez de los Heros, Allan Hallgren, Kurt Woschnagg, E. Schneider, C. H. Wiebusch, A. W. Jones, R. Porrata, Ole Streicher, E. Dalberg, R. Morse, A. Karle, R. C. Bay, S. P. Hart, J. E. Jacobsen, V. Kandahai, A. Biron, I. Liubarsky, C. Spiering, P. Niessen, Francis Halzen, C. Walck, H. Rubinstein, G. B. Yodh, Pawel Marciniewski, Yuan He, P. O. Hulth, R. Wischnewski, Caroline Costa, T. Thon, D. Potter, T. Mikolajski, and Ariel Goobar

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High energy, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Neutrino telescope, Detector, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Telescope, Neutrino detector, Transmission (telecommunications), law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino
Abstract

The AMANDA high energy neutrino telescope has successfully been increased in size from four detector strings to ten detector springs during the 1996/1997 season. The first upward going muon-neutrino candidates have been reconstructed from the 1996 year's four-string data. Three new detector strings will be deployed during 1997/1998 to 2350 metres depth.

Published
1999

27. The AMANDA neutrino telescope

Author

E.C. Andrés, P. Askebjer, S.W. Barwick, R.C. Bay, L. Bergström, A. Biron, J. Booth, O. Botner, A. Bouchta, S. Carius, M. Carlson, W. Chinowsky, D. Chirkin, J. Conrad, C.G.S. Costa, D. Cowen, E. Dalberg, T. DeYoung, J. Edsjö, P. Ekström, A. Goobar, L. Gray, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, R. Hardtke, S. Hart, Y. He, C.P. de los Heros, G. Hill, P.O. Hulth, S. Hundertmark, J. Jacobsen, A. Jones, V. Kandhadai, A. Karle, J. Kim, H. Leich, M. Leuthold, P. Lindahl, I. Liubarsky, P. Loaiza, D. Lowder, P. Marciniewski, T.C. Miller, P. Miocinovic, P.C. Mock, R. Morse, M. Newcomer, P. Niessen, D. Nygren, R. Porrata, D. Potter, P.B. Price, G. Przybylski, W. Rhode, S. Richter, J. Rodriguez, P. Romenesko, D. Ross, H. Rubinstein, T. Schmidt, E. Schneider, R. Schwarz, U. Schwendicke, G. Smoot, M. Solarz, V. Sorin, C. Spiering, P. Steffen, R. Stokstad, O. Streicher, I. Taboada, T. Thon, S. Tilav, C. Walck, C.H. Wiebusch, R. Wischnewski, K. Woschnagg, W. Wu, G. Yodh, and S. Young

Subjects
Particle physics, High energy, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Neutrino telescope, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Particle detector, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, Telescope, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), law, Physics, Muon, Astrophysics (astro-ph), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Detector, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Early results, Space and Planetary Science, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Neutrino
Abstract

With an effective telescope area of order $10^4$ m$^2$ for TeV neutrinos, a threshold near $\sim$50 GeV and a pointing accuracy of 2.5 degrees per muon track, the AMANDA detector represents the first of a new generation of high energy neutrino telescopes, reaching a scale envisaged over 25 years ago. We describe early results on the calibration of natural deep ice as a particle detector as well as on AMANDA's performance as a neutrino telescope., Comment: 12 pages, Latex2.09, uses espcrc2.sty and epsf.sty, 13 postscript files included. Talk presented at the 18th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino 98), Takayama, Japan, June 1998

Published
1998

28. Calibration and survey of AMANDA with the SPASE detectors

Author

J. Ahrens, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, R. C. Bay, T. Becka, K. H. Becker, E. Bernardini, D. Bertrand, F. Binon, A. Biron, S. Boser, O. Botner, A. Bouchta, O. Bouhali, T. Burgess, S. Carius, T. Castermans, D. C.h.i.r.k.i.n.J. Conrad, J. Cooley, D. F. Cowen, A. Davour, C. De Clercq, T. DeYoung, P. Desiati, J. P. Dewulf, E. Dickinson, P. Doksus, P. Ekstrom, R. Engel, P. Evenson, T. Feser, T. K. Gaisser, R. Ganugapati, M. Gaug, H. Geenen, L. Gerhardt, A. Goldschmidt, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, R. Hardtke, T. Hauschildt, M. Hellwig, P. Herquet, G. C. Hill, J. A. Hinton, B. Hughey, P. O. Hulth, K. Hultqvist, S. Hundertmark, J. Jacobsen, A. Karle, J. Kim, L. Kopke, M. Kowalski, K. Kuehn, J. I. Lamoureux, H. Leich, M. Leuthold, P. Lindahl, I. Liubarsky, J. Lloyd Evans, J. Madsen, K. Mandli, P. Marciniewski, H. S. Matis, C. P. McParland, T. Messarius, T. C. Miller, Y. Minaeva, P. MioWinovic, P. C. Mock, R. Morse, T. Neunhoffer, P. Niessen, D. R. Nygren, H. O. gelman, P.h. Olbrechts, C. Perez de los Heros, A. C. Pohl, R. Porrata, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, K. Rawlins, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, S. Richter, K. Rochester, J. Rodrıguez Martino, P. Romenesko, D. Ross, H. G. Sander, T. Schmidt, K. Schinarakis, S. Schlenstedt, D. Schneider, R. Schwarz, A. Silvestri, M. Solarz, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, D. Steele, P. Steffen, R. G. Stokstad, K. H. Sulanke, I. Taboada, S. Tilav, C. Walck, W. Wagner, Y. R. Wang, A. A. Watson, C. Weinheimer, C. H. Wiebusch, C. Wiedemann, R. Wischnewski, H. Wissing, K. Woschnagg, W. Wu, G. Yodh, S. Young, MARTELLO, Daniele, J., Ahren, X., Bai, S. W., Barwick, R. C., Bay, T., Becka, K. H., Becker, E., Bernardini, D., Bertrand, F., Binon, A., Biron, S., Boser, O., Botner, A., Bouchta, O., Bouhali, T., Burge, S., Cariu, T., Casterman, Conrad, D. C. h. i. r. k. i. n. J., J., Cooley, D. F., Cowen, A., Davour, C., De Clercq, T., Deyoung, P., Desiati, J. P., Dewulf, E., Dickinson, P., Doksu, P., Ekstrom, R., Engel, P., Evenson, T., Feser, T. K., Gaisser, R., Ganugapati, M., Gaug, H., Geenen, L., Gerhardt, A., Goldschmidt, A., Hallgren, F., Halzen, K., Hanson, R., Hardtke, T., Hauschildt, M., Hellwig, P., Herquet, G. C., Hill, J. A., Hinton, B., Hughey, P. O., Hulth, K., Hultqvist, S., Hundertmark, J., Jacobsen, A., Karle, J., Kim, L., Kopke, M., Kowalski, K., Kuehn, J. I., Lamoureux, H., Leich, M., Leuthold, P., Lindahl, I., Liubarsky, J., Lloyd Evan, J., Madsen, K., Mandli, P., Marciniewski, Martello, Daniele, H. S., Mati, C. P., Mcparland, T., Messariu, T. C., Miller, Y., Minaeva, P., Miowinovic, P. C., Mock, R., Morse, T., Neunhoffer, P., Niessen, D. R., Nygren, H. O., Gelman, Olbrechts, P. h., C., Perez de los Hero, A. C., Pohl, R., Porrata, P. B., Price, G. T., Przybylski, K., Rawlin, E., Resconi, W., Rhode, M., Ribordy, S., Richter, K., Rochester, J., Rodrıguez Martino, P., Romenesko, D., Ro, H. G., Sander, T., Schmidt, K., Schinaraki, S., Schlenstedt, D., Schneider, R., Schwarz, A., Silvestri, M., Solarz, G. M., Spiczak, C., Spiering, M., Stamatiko, T., Stanev, D., Steele, P., Steffen, R. G., Stokstad, K. H., Sulanke, I., Taboada, S., Tilav, C., Walck, W., Wagner, Y. R., Wang, A. A., Watson, C., Weinheimer, C. H., Wiebusch, C., Wiedemann, R., Wischnewski, H., Wissing, K., Woschnagg, W., Wu, G., Yodh, and S., Young

Subjects
Neutrino telescopes, Cosmic ray
Abstract

We report on the analysis of air showers observed in coincidence by the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino detector array (AMANDA-B10) and the South Pole Air Shower Experiment (SPASE-1 and SPASE-2). We discuss the use of coincident events for calibration and survey of the deep AMANDA detector as well as the response of AMANDA to muon bundles. This analysis uses data taken during 1997 when both SPASE-1 and SPASE-2 were in operation to provide a stereo view of AMANDA.

Published
2004

29. UV and optical light transmission properties in deep ice at the South Pole

Author

H. Rubinstein, Ariel Goobar, P. O. Hulth, P. Askebjer, B. Erlandsson, Lars Bergström, S. Hundertmark, Staffan Carius, H. Heukenkamp, R. Wischnewski, R. Porrata, E. Dalberg, L. Gray, S. Tilav, P. C. Mock, A. Karle, Francis Halzen, J. E. Jacobsen, I. Liubarsky, D. M. Lowder, Ch. Spiering, Th. Thon, E. Schneider, Q. Sun, V. Kandhadai, A. Richards, S. W. Barwick, C. Walck, G. B. Yodh, P. B. Price, Adam Bouchta, Allan Hallgren, Ole Streicher, Thomas F. Miller, and R. Morse

Subjects
Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array, Physics, business.industry, Gamma ray, Scattering length, Laser, Light scattering, law.invention, Wavelength, Geophysics, Optics, law, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Order of magnitude
Abstract

Both absorption and scattering of light at wavelengths 410 to 610 nanometers were measured in the South Pole ice at depths 0.8 to 1 kilometer with the laser calibration system of the Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA). At the shortest wavelengths the absorption lengths exceeded 200 meters - an order of magnitude longer than has been reported for laboratory ice. The absorption shows a strong wavelength dependence while the scattering length is found to be independent of the wavelength, consistent with the hypothesis of a residual density of air bubbles in the ice. The observed linear decrease of the inverse scattering length with depth is compatible with an earlier measurement by the AMANDA collaboration (at ∼515 nanometers).

Published
1997

30. Status of the AMANDA and BAIKAL neutrino telescopes

Author

P. Askebjer, S.W. Barwick, R. Bay, L. Bergström, A. Bouchta, S. Carius, E. Dahlberg, K. Engel, B. Erlandsson, A. Goobar, L. Gray, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, H. Heukenkamp, P.O. Hulth, S. Hundertmark, J. Jacobsen, S. Johansson, V. Kandhadai, A. Karle, I. Liubarsky, D. Lowder, T. Mikolajski, T.C. Miller, P. Mock, R. Morse, D. Nygren, R. Porrata, P.B. Price, A. Richards, H. Rubinstein, E. Schneider, C. Spiering, O. Streicher, Q. Sun, T. Thon, S. Tilav, C. Walck, C. Wiebusch, R. Wischnewski, G. Yodh, I.A. Belolaptikov, L.B. Bezrukov, B.A. Borisovets, N.M. Budnev, A.G. Chensky, I.A. Danilchenko, Zh.-A.M. Djilkibaev, V.I. Dobrynin, G.V. Domogatsky, A.A. Doroshenko, S.V. Fialkovsky, O.N. Gaponenko, A.A. Garus, T.A. Gress, S.B. Ignat'ev, A.M. Klabukov, A.I. Klimov, S.I. Klimushin, A.P. Koshechkin, V.F. Kulepov, L.A. Kuzmichev, B.K. Lubsandorzhiev, M.B. Milenin, R.R. Mirgazov, A.V. Moroz, N.I. Moseiko, S.A. Nikiforov, E.A. Osipova, D. Pandel, A.I. Panfilov, Yu.V. Parfenov, A.A. Pavlov, D.P. Petukhov, K.A. Pocheikin, P.G. Pokhil, P.A. Pokolev, M.I. Rosanov, V.Yu. Rubzov, S.I. Sinegovsky, I.A. Sokalski, Ch. Spiering, and B.A. Tarashansky

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Neutrino, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Published
1997

31. Insulin like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) und fetales Fibronectin in der Diagnostik eines vorzeitigen Blasensprunges

Author

S. Hundertmark, F. Opri, V. Ragosch, H. Hopp, and H. K. Weitzel

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Fetus, Pathology, Fetal fibronectin, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein, Fibronectin, Internal medicine, Immunoassay, Maternity and Midwifery, medicine, biology.protein, Amniocentesis, Rupture of membranes, business, Premature rupture of membranes
Abstract

Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 (IGFBP-1) and Fetal Fibronectin in Diagnostics of Premature Rupture of Membranes: The diagnosis of a premature rupture of membranes presents no problem in the vast majority of cases. However, a reliable diagnosis is clinically not possible in about 10%. Most methods available lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity. Since the clinical consequences of a false diagnosis are considerable (overtreatment for false-positive and risk of infection for false-negative results), it is essential to clinically establish new, minimally invasive methods with higher predictive powers. In the present study we compared: the AMNI Check® for detection of insulin-like growth-factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1); a membrane immunoassay for detection of fetal fibronectin (fFn); pH indicator paper; and, to verify a rupture of membranes in unclear cases, amniocentesis with installation of indigo carmine. The examination was performed in a group of 75 patients, 35 with and 40 without rupture of the membranes. The best results were obtained for the AMNI Check® (sensitivity and negative correctness 100%, specificity and positive correctness 83%). With the same sensitivity and negative correctness, the membrane immunoassay for fFn achieved a specificity of 70% and a positive correctness of 74%. The pH indicator paper had the lowest predictive value (sensitivity 94%, negative correctness 93%, specificity 63%, positive correctness 69%). Both the AMNI Check® and the test for detection of fetal fibronectin can be recommended for reliable exclusion of premature rupture of membranes. Amniocentesis should however be performed in uncertain cases with a positive test result. Nevertheless, considerable reduction of this invasive method is possible.

Published
1996

32. Diagnostische Sicherheit der Vaginalsonographie bei ektoper Gravidität

Author

Andreas D. Ebert, H. Hopp, Hans K. Weitzel, S. Hundertmark, Michael Entezami, W. Vollert, and P Schaar

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, medicine.diagnostic_test, Ectopic pregnancy, Obstetrics, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, False Negative Result, medicine.disease, Intrauterine pregnancy, Transvaginal ultrasound, Predictive value of tests, Maternity and Midwifery, medicine, Differential diagnosis, business, Laparoscopy
Abstract

The therapeutic approach to ectopic pregnancy (EP) has changed over the last decade. A prerequisite for a differentiated management is an early diagnosis of EP. This can be achieved by transvaginal sonography (TVS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of TVS in the diagnosis of EP. 184 patients with clinically suspected ectopic pregnancy were examined by TVS. In 103 cases suspicion of EP was confirmed, in 81 cases it was ruled out. All cases were evaluated by laparoscopy, D&C, serial HCG determinations or sonographic follow-up in case of an intrauterine pregnancy. Sensitivity of TVS in the diagnosis of EP was 96%, specificity 88%, the positive predictive value was 89%, the negative predictive value was 95%. Four cases with a false negative result at TVS were very early in pregnancy and were subjected to laparoscopy because of persistent high HCG values without demonstration of an intrauterine pregnancy. Five cases of sonographically confirmed ectopic pregnancies were missed by the first laparoscopy. These cases required intervention because of clinical symptoms and had low levels of HCG. TVS has a high diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

Published
1995

33. Correlation of surfactant phosphatidylcholine synthesis and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the fetal lung

Author

L Dinkelborg, H. Bühler, S. Hundertmark, Hans K. Weitzel, B Arabin, and V. Ragosch

Subjects
endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, food.ingredient, Oxidative phosphorylation, Biology, Lecithin, Dexamethasone, Choline, Feedback, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fetus, Organ Culture Techniques, Endocrinology, food, Corticosterone, Internal medicine, Phosphatidylcholine, polycyclic compounds, medicine, Organoid, Animals, Lung, Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Pulmonary Surfactants, Biological activity, Rats, chemistry, Phosphatidylcholines, 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Oxidation-Reduction, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Intracellular
Abstract

Glucocorticosteroids (GCS) are prerequisite for the induction of surfactant synthesis in the fetal lung. The 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) regulates the intracellular concentration of biologically active GCS. In this study we demonstrate the correlation of 11 beta-HSD activity and the GCS-induced surfactant phosphatidylcholine synthesis in organoid cultures of fetal rat lung. In the first series of experiments, [3H]corticosterone (CORT) or [3H]11-dehydrocorticosterone (11-DHC) were added to lung organoid cultures to test 11 beta-HSD activity. We found a low oxidative and a high reductive conversion indicating that in intact cells the equilibrium tends to biologically active GCS. However, in homogenized organoid cultures oxidative outweighed reductive activity. Secondly, the phosphatidylcholine synthesis of organoid cultures was enhanced by preincubation with GCS. CORT, as well as the hormonally inactive 11-DHC, increased the incorporation of [14C]choline into phosphatidylcholine. The effect of the latter was completely inhibited by glycyrrhetinic acid (inhibitor of 11 beta-HSD) indicating that it is caused by a previous conversion of 11-DHC into CORT via 11 beta-HSD. Thirdly, preincubation with GCS also altered 11 beta-HSD activity: dexamethasone or CORT both decreased the oxidative and increased the reductive activity in intact cells, indicating that glucocorticoids increase the rate of their own activation by positive feedback.

Published
1995

34. Recent results from AMANDA II

Author

K. Hanson, J. Ahrens, X. Bai, S.W. Barwick, T. Becka, K.-H. Becker, E. Bernardini, D. Bertrand, F. Binon, A. Biron, S. Böser, O. Botner, O. Bouhali, T. Burgess, S. Carius, T. Castermans, A. Chen, D. Chirkin, J. Conrad, J. Cooley, D.F. Cowen, A. Davour, C. De Clercq, T. De Young, P. Desiati, J.-P. Dewulf, P. Doksus, P. Ekström, T. Feser, T.K. Gaisser, M. Gaug, L. Gerhardt, A. Goldschmidt, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, R. Hardtke, T. Hauschildt, M. Hellwig, P. Herque, G.C. Hill, P.O. Hulth, S. Hundertmark, J. Jacobsen, A. Karle, B. Koci, L. Köpke, K. Kuehn, M. Kowalski, J.I. Lamoureux, H. Leich, M. Leuthold, P. Lindahl, I. Liubarsky, J. Madsen, P. Marciniewski, H.S. Matis, C.P. McParland, Y. Minaeva, P. Miočinović, R. Morse, R. Nahnhauer, T. Neunhöffer, P. Niessen, D.R. Nygren, H. Ogelman, Ph. Olbrechts, C. Pérez de los Heros, A.C. Pohl, P.B. Price, G.T. Przybylski, K. Rawlins, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, S. Richter, J. Rodríguez Martino, D. Ross, H.-G. Sander, T. Schmidt, D. Schneider, R. Schwarz, A. Silvestri, M. Solarz, G.M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, D. Steele, P. Steffen, R.G. Stokstad, P. Sudhoff, K.-H. Sulanke, I. Taboada, L. Thollander, S. Tilav, C. Walck, C. Weinheimer, C.H. Wiebusch, C. Wiedemann, R. Wischnewski, H. Wissing, K. Woschnagg, G. Yodh, and S. Young

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Neutrino telescope, Detector, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Computer Science::Computational Geometry, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Particle detector, Upgrade, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino
Abstract

We present new data taken with the AMANDA-II neutrino telescope array. The AMANDA-II upgrade was completed at the beginning of 2000. It significantly extends the sensitivity of the 10-string AMANDA-B10 detector to high- and ultrahigh-energy neutrino fluxes into regions of interest for probing current astrophysical models which remain unexplored by other experiments.

Published
2003

35. Using the hexagonal segmented railgun in multishot mode with 3 projectiles

Author

S. Hundertmark and G. Vincent

Subjects
Railgun, Acceleration, Materials science, Safe operation, Hexagonal crystal system, Projectile, business.industry, Mode (statistics), Structural engineering, Thermal load, business, Independence (probability theory)
Abstract

The SR\3–60 is a 2 meter long segmented railgun with three individual pairs of rails (segments). It uses a hexagonal cross-section of the projectile and allows the installation of the rails of the three segments overlapping or sequantial. The independence of the individual segments allows to load up to three projectiles into the barrel and to fire them in rapid succession. This mode of operation can increase the firing rate, as compared to a simple railgun, Most importantly, it reduces the thermal load for the individual segments. During the preparation for the multishot experiments different parameters describing the performance of the acceleration were measured and investigated. These pre-tests allowed the definition of the parameters for the safe operation of the multishot experiments. Initial multishot experiments were performed using a 10 ms and 5 ms time delay between the launch of the individual projectiles. The performance and conditions of these experiments are analyzed. This analysis made use of two high-speed cameras, for example to determine the velocity of the projectiles. This presentation will outline the above mentioned analysis and give an outlook on planned future experiments.

Published
2012

36. Transient 3-d simulation of an experimental railgun using finite element methods

Author

M. Roch and S. Hundertmark

Subjects
Electromagnetic field, Engineering, Projectile, business.industry, Computation, Solid modeling, Physics::Classical Physics, Finite element method, Railgun, Acceleration, Transient (oscillation), Aerospace engineering, business, Simulation
Abstract

Today progress in railgun research is usually achieved experimentally with support from simulations. The finite element method (FEM) is one popular and wide spread tool in many fields of research. But the transient computation of a 3-d model of a railgun, taking into account the time evolution of the acceleration process, coupling the electromagnetic fields to the moving projectile, is a complex task. Such a simulation involves large gradients of the electromagnetic fields, large structures of the order of meters with areas of interest in the sub-millimeter range, a fast moving projectile causing a rapid change of the current flow through the volume in the next vicinity of the contact. Nevertheless, recent developments in FEM tools make it attractive to attempt such a simulation. At the French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis the electromagnetic acceleration group uses the program COMSOL to set up a transient 3-d simulation of a small caliber railgun. Here the implementation of the railgun as COMSOL model and the comparison to experimental data is presented.

Published
2012

37. Design and performance of the south pole acoustic test setup

Author

Dirk Heinen, R. Heller, Christopher Wiebusch, D. Tosi, Yasser Abdou, M. Ribordy, Dirk Ryckbosch, M. Schunck, K.-H. Becker, Timo Karg, M. Bissok, K. Krieger, C. Bohm, Thomas Meures, K. Laihem, F. Descamps, M Bothe, Karl-Heinz Sulanke, S. Hundertmark, Leif Gustafsson, Larissa Paul, B. Semburg, U. Naumann, Martin Pohl, S. Böser, M. J. Carson, Justin Vandenbroucke, B Price, J. Berdermann, JH Fischer-Wolfarth, K. Helbing, R. Nahnhauer, Allan Hallgren, F Oberson, and J. Stegmaier

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electric cables, Acoustics, Neutrino telescope, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Glaciophone, Data acquisition, Electrical equipment, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Ice caps, NEUTRINO TELESCOPE, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Sound wave, Neutrino Telescope, Physics, Test setup, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spats, Acoustic neutrino detection, Neutrino detector, Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, SPATS
Abstract

The South Pole Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS) was built to evaluate the acoustic characteristics of the South Pole ice in the 10-100 kHz frequency range, for the purpose of assessing the feasibility of an acoustic neutrino detection array at the South Pole. The SPATS hardware consists of four vertical strings deployed in the upper 500 m of the South Pole ice cap. The strings form a trapezoidal array with a maximum baseline of 543 m. Each string has seven stages equipped with one transmitter and one sensor module (glaciophone). Sound is detected or generated by piezoelectric ceramic elements inside the modules. Analogue signals are sent to the surface on electric cables where they are digitized by a PC-based data acquisition system. The data from all strings are collected on a central computer in the IceCube Laboratory from where they are sent to a central data storage facility via a satellite link or stored locally on tape. A technical overview of SPATS and its performance is presented. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2012

38. Applying railgun technology to small satellite launch

Author

S. Hundertmark

Subjects
Electromagnetic launch, Railgun, Engineering, Payload, business.industry, Projectile, Context (language use), Satellite, Aerospace engineering, business
Abstract

Nowadays rockets are the unchallenged workhorses of launch to Space. This technology generally suffers from a small payload to total weight ratio and requires large amounts of chemical fuels. Electromagnetic launch technology and more exact railguns, are promising candidates for the launch of smaller masses. Since several years the ISL has conducted railgun research and in this context studied possible space applications. Here two scenarios are presented and discussed.

Published
2011

39. 11-Beta-Hydroxy steroid Dehydrogenase of Rat Lung: Enzyme Kinetic, Oxidase-Reductase Ratio, Electrolyte and Trace Element Dependence

Author

V. Ragosch, Hans K. Weitzel, S. Hundertmark, Bettina Schein, H. Bühler, Michael Fromm, and U. Lorenz

Subjects
Male, Dehydrogenase, Biology, Reductase, Biochemistry, Pulmonary surfactant, Microsomes, Animals, Rats, Wistar, Lung, chemistry.chemical_classification, Oxidase test, Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Enzyme assay, Rats, Enzyme, chemistry, Product inhibition, Microsome, biology.protein, 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Corticosterone, Oxidation-Reduction, NADP
Abstract

The modulation of the intracellular glucocorticoidal effect on surfactant synthesis of the fetal lung by the metabolic capacity of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) could be an important factor in lung maturation. The kinetic properties of microsomal 11 beta-HSD of the rat lung are characterized with respect to product inhibition, substrate specificity, effect of electrolytes or trace elements, and the dependence of the oxidase reductase (OR) ratio on incubation conditions. With NADP+ product inhibition of the reductase was demonstrated. The most common trace elements and electrolytes exhibited no effect on the activity of 11 beta-HSD. It is shown that the OR ratio was strongly dependent on assay conditions. With optimal assay conditions oxidase activity exceeds reductase activity in adult and fetal rat lung microsomes (OR ratio > 1). Thus, glucocorticoids are mainly metabolized to their inactive forms. The enzyme activity in the adult is about 10 times higher than in the fetal lung. The low enzyme activity in fetal lungs could be the reason why the glucocorticoidal effects on surfactant synthesis are not suppressed despite the predominance of oxidase activity.

Published
1993

40. RECENT RESULTS FROM AMANDA

Author

W. Wu, E. Schneider, D. M. Lowder, G. C. Hill, D. Schneider, Y. D. He, K. Rawlins, P. Askebjer, P. B. Price, D. Bierenbaum, T. Scheider, T. O. B. Schmidt, James Madsen, M. Hellwig, E. Andres, H. G. Sander, Glenn Spiczak, H. Rubinstein, Kurt Woschnagg, P. Ekström, M. M. Boyce, R. Schwarz, F. M. Newcomer, C. Walck, R. Hardtke, R. Porrata, G. B. Yodh, C. Pérez de los Heros, Albrecht Karle, I. Liubarsky, A. Mihalyi, Staffan Carius, P. Lindahl, R. C. Bay, P. Niessen, S. Young, P. Romenesko, Ariel Goobar, Christian Spiering, N. Starinsky, B. Erlandsson, H. S. Matis, D. Steele, D. F. Cowen, D. Chirkin, S. Hundertmark, A. Biron, Stefan Richter, Marek Kowalski, M. Solarz, T. Mikolajski, S. Tilav, H. Heukenkamp, P. C. Mock, P. Miocinovic, C. H. Wiebusch, J. Ludvig, D. Ross, K. H. Becker, L. Gray, Xinhua Bai, J. Booth, L. Thollander, A. Silvestri, I. Taboada, R. G. Stokstad, R. Wischnewski, H. Leich, T. C. Miller, R. Morse, J. E. Jacobsen, B. Koci, T. Thon, Lars Bergström, Kael Hanson, J. Rodríguez Martino, Hakki Ögelman, Adam Bouchta, Steven W. Barwick, A. Richards, Francis Halzen, Paolo Desiati, Allan Hallgren, J. P Dewulf, Ole Streicher, T. Neunhöffer, M. Vander Donckt, Olga Botner, V. Kandhadai, Wolfgang Rhode, P. Loaiza, A. Goldschmidt, Y. Minaeva, G. Barouch, M. Gaug, Caroline Costa, Ch. Weinheimer, Matthias Leuthold, D. R. Nygren, P. Steffen, L. Köpke, Jan Conrad, T. Feser, H. Haase, Jodi Cooley, E. Dalberg, D. Bertrand, A. Chen, Joakim Edsjö, Q. Sun, C. Reed, J. Dailing, P. Doksus, Nicholas G. Usechak, J. Kim, T. De Young, P. O. Hulth, H. Wissing, and Pawel Marciniewski

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Solar neutrino problem, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Neutrino detector, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Charged current
Abstract

We present results based on data taken in 1997 with the 302-PMT Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array-B10 ("AMANDA-B10") array. Atmospheric neutrinos created in the northern hemisphere are observed indirectly through their charged current interactions which produce relativistic, Cherenkov-light-emitting upgoing muons in the South Pole ice cap. The reconstructed angular distribution of these events is in good agreement with expectation and demonstrates the viability of this ice-based device as a neutrino telescope.

Published
2001

41. The AMANDA Neutrino Detector

Author

A. Biron, V. Kandhadai, P. Lindahl, Christian Spiering, E. Dalberg, C. Pérez de los Heros, V. Sorin, P. Ekström, W. Chinowsky, Y. D. He, J. Booth, U. Schwendicke, Matthias Leuthold, D. R. Nygren, Tony Liss, Steven W. Barwick, Joakim Edsjö, S. Young, P. Niessen, P. Steffen, Staffan Carius, Albrecht Karle, R. Porrata, J. Kim, M. Newcomer, D. F. Cowen, C. Walck, H. Rubinstein, P. Askebjer, G. B. Yodh, W. Wu, E. Schneider, P. B. Price, D. Ross, J. E. Jacobsen, Adam Bouchta, T. O. B. Schmidt, Lars Bergström, M. Solarz, W. Rhode, Francis Halzen, Allan Hallgren, D. M. Lowder, I. Liubarsky, R. Schwarz, G. C. Hill, E. Andres, M. Carlson, Kurt Woschnagg, C. H. Wiebusch, R. Hardtke, Ole Streicher, G. Smoot, S. Tilav, P. C. Mock, Jose Manuel Rodriguez, R. Morse, Dmitry Chirkin, Olga Botner, L. Thollander, T. C. Miller, H. Leich, P. Romenesko, S. Hundertmark, Pawel Marciniewski, P. Miocinovic, L. Gray, R. C. Bay, Caroline Costa, T. DeYoung, Gerald Przybylski, P. O. Hulth, R. G. Stokstad, R. Wischnewski, P. Loaiza, T. Thon, Ariel Goobar, and Stefan Richter

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, Detector, Solar neutrino problem, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Neutrino detector, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation
Abstract

The first stage of the AMANDA High Energy Neutrino Detectorat the South Pole, the 302 PMT array AMANDA-B with an expected effectivearea for TeV neutrinos of similar to 10(4) m(2), has been taking datasince 1997. Progress with calibration, investigation of ice properties,as well as muon and neutrino data analysis are described. The next stage20-string detector AMANDA-II with similar to 800 PMTs will be completedin spring 2000.

Published
1999

42. Erratum: Multiyear search for a diffuse flux of muon neutrinos with AMANDA-II [Phys. Rev. D76, 042008 (2007)]

Author

A. Achterberg, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. Ahrens, K. Andeen, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, B. Baret, S. W. Barwick, R. Bay, K. Beattie, T. Becka, J. K. Becker, K.-H. Becker, P. Berghaus, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Bertrand, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, D. J. Boersma, C. Bohm, J. Bolmont, S. Böser, O. Botner, A. Bouchta, J. Braun, T. Burgess, T. Castermans, D. Chirkin, B. Christy, J. Clem, D. F. Cowen, M. V. D’Agostino, A. Davour, C. T. Day, C. De Clercq, L. Demirörs, F. Descamps, P. Desiati, T. DeYoung, J. C. Diaz-Velez, J. Dreyer, J. P. Dumm, M. R. Duvoort, W. R. Edwards, R. Ehrlich, J. Eisch, R. W. Ellsworth, P. A. Evenson, O. Fadiran, A. R. Fazely, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, M. M. Foerster, B. D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, R. Franke, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, R. Ganugapati, H. Geenen, L. Gerhardt, A. Goldschmidt, J. A. Goodman, R. Gozzini, T. Griesel, A. Groß, S. Grullon, R. M. Gunasingha, M. Gurtner, C. Ha, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Han, K. Hanson, D. Hardtke, R. Hardtke, J. E. Hart, Y. Hasegawa, T. Hauschildt, D. Hays, J. Heise, K. Helbing, M. Hellwig, P. Herquet, G. C. Hill, J. Hodges, K. D. Hoffman, B. Hommez, K. Hoshina, D. Hubert, B. Hughey, J.-P. Hülß, P. O. Hulth, K. Hultqvist, S. Hundertmark, M. Inaba, A. Ishihara, J. Jacobsen, G. S. Japaridze, H. Johansson, A. Jones, J. M. Joseph, K.-H. Kampert, A. Kappes, T. Karg, A. Karle, H. Kawai, J. L. Kelley, F. Kislat, N. Kitamura, S. R. Klein, S. Klepser, G. Kohnen, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, M. Kowalski, T. Kowarik, M. Krasberg, K. Kuehn, M. Labare, H. Landsman, R. Lauer, H. Leich, D. Leier, I. Liubarsky, J. Lundberg, J. Lünemann, J. Madsen, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, H. S. Matis, T. McCauley, C. P. McParland, A. Meli, T. Messarius, P. Mészáros, H. Miyamoto, A. Mokhtarani, T. Montaruli, A. Morey, R. Morse, S. M. Movit, K. Münich, R. Nahnhauer, J. W. Nam, P. Nießen, D. R. Nygren, H. Ögelman, A. Olivas, S. Patton, C. Peña-Garay, C. Pérez de los Heros, A. Piegsa, D. Pieloth, A. C. Pohl, R. Porrata, J. Pretz, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, K. Rawlins, S. Razzaque, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, A. Rizzo, S. Robbins, P. Roth, F. Rothmaier, C. Rott, D. Rutledge, D. Ryckbosch, H.-G. Sander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, S. Schlenstedt, T. Schmidt, D. Schneider, D. Seckel, B. Semburg, S. H. Seo, Y. Sestayo, S. Seunarine, A. Silvestri, A. J. Smith, M. Solarz, C. Song, J. E. Sopher, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, M. C. Stoufer, S. Stoyanov, E. A. Strahler, T. Straszheim, K.-H. Sulanke, G. W. Sullivan, T. J. Sumner, I. Taboada, O. Tarasova, A. Tepe, L. Thollander, S. Tilav, M. Tluczykont, P. A. Toale, D. Tosi, D. Turčan, N. van Eijndhoven, J. Vandenbroucke, A. Van Overloop, V. Viscomi, B. Voigt, W. Wagner, C. Walck, H. Waldmann, M. Walter, Y.-R. Wang, C. Wendt, C. H. Wiebusch, C. Wiedemann, G. Wikström, D. R. Williams, R. Wischnewski, H. Wissing, K. Woschnagg, X. W. Xu, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, and J. D. Zornoza

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Cosmic ray, Elementary particle, Massless particle, Neutrino detector, Muon collider, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Lepton
Abstract

A search for TeV-PeV muon neutrinos with AMANDA-II data collected between 2000 and 2003 established an upper limit of E2Φ90%C:L

Published
2008

43. Detection of Atmospheric Muon Neutrinos with the IceCube 9-String Detector

Author

A. Achterberg, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. Ahrens, K. Andeen, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, B. Baret, S. W. Barwick, R. Bay, K. Beattie, T. Becka, J. K. Becker, K.-H. Becker, M. Beimforde, P. Berghaus, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Bertrand, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, D. J. Boersma, C. Bohm, J. Bolmont, S. Böser, O. Botner, A. Bouchta, J. Braun, C. Burgess, T. Burgess, T. Castermans, D. Chirkin, B. Christy, J. Clem, D. F. Cowen, M. V. D’Agostino, A. Davour, C. T. Day, C. De Clercq, L. Demirörs, F. Descamps, P. Desiati, T. DeYoung, J. C. Diaz-Velez, J. Dreyer, J. P. Dumm, M. R. Duvoort, W. R. Edwards, R. Ehrlich, J. Eisch, R. W. Ellsworth, P. A. Evenson, O. Fadiran, A. R. Fazely, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, M. M. Foerster, B. D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, R. Franke, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, R. Ganugapati, H. Geenen, L. Gerhardt, A. Goldschmidt, J. A. Goodman, R. Gozzini, T. Griesel, S. Grullon, A. Groß, R. M. Gunasingha, M. Gurtner, C. Ha, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Han, K. Hanson, D. Hardtke, R. Hardtke, J. E. Hart, Y. Hasegawa, T. Hauschildt, D. Hays, J. Heise, K. Helbing, M. Hellwig, P. Herquet, G. C. Hill, J. Hodges, K. D. Hoffman, B. Hommez, K. Hoshina, D. Hubert, B. Hughey, J.-P. Hülß, P. O. Hulth, K. Hultqvist, S. Hundertmark, M. Inaba, A. Ishihara, J. Jacobsen, G. S. Japaridze, H. Johansson, A. Jones, J. M. Joseph, K.-H. Kampert, A. Kappes, T. Karg, A. Karle, H. Kawai, J. L. Kelley, F. Kislat, N. Kitamura, S. R. Klein, S. Klepser, G. Kohnen, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, M. Kowalski, T. Kowarik, M. Krasberg, K. Kuehn, M. Labare, H. Landsman, R. Lauer, H. Leich, D. Leier, I. Liubarsky, J. Lundberg, J. Lünemann, J. Madsen, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, H. S. Matis, T. McCauley, C. P. McParland, K. Meagher, A. Meli, T. Messarius, P. Mészáros, H. Miyamoto, A. Mokhtarani, T. Montaruli, A. Morey, R. Morse, S. M. Movit, K. Münich, R. Nahnhauer, J. W. Nam, P. Nießen, D. R. Nygren, A. Olivas, S. Patton, C. Peña-Garay, C. Pérez de los Heros, A. Piegsa, D. Pieloth, A. C. Pohl, R. Porrata, J. Pretz, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, K. Rawlins, S. Razzaque, P. Redl, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, A. Rizzo, S. Robbins, P. Roth, F. Rothmaier, C. Rott, D. Rutledge, D. Ryckbosch, H.-G. Sander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, S. Schlenstedt, T. Schmidt, D. Schneider, D. Seckel, B. Semburg, S. H. Seo, Y. Sestayo, S. Seunarine, A. Silvestri, A. J. Smith, C. Song, J. E. Sopher, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, M. C. Stoufer, S. Stoyanov, E. A. Strahler, T. Straszheim, K.-H. Sulanke, G. W. Sullivan, T. J. Sumner, I. Taboada, O. Tarasova, A. Tepe, L. Thollander, S. Tilav, M. Tluczykont, P. A. Toale, D. Tosi, D. Turčan, N. van Eijndhoven, J. Vandenbroucke, A. Van Overloop, G. de Vries-Uiterweerd, V. Viscomi, B. Voigt, W. Wagner, C. Walck, H. Waldmann, M. Walter, Y.-R. Wang, C. Wendt, C. H. Wiebusch, G. Wikström, D. R. Williams, R. Wischnewski, H. Wissing, K. Woschnagg, X. W. Xu, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, and J. D. Zornoza

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, education.field_of_study, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, Detector, Astrophysics (astro-ph), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Solar neutrino problem, Astrophysics, Neutrino detector, Astronomia, Measurements of neutrino speed, ddc:530, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino, education
Abstract

The IceCube neutrino detector is a cubic kilometer TeV to PeV neutrino detector under construction at the geographic South Pole. The dominant population of neutrinos detected in IceCube is due to meson decay in cosmic-ray air showers. These atmospheric neutrinos are relatively well understood and serve as a calibration and verification tool for the new detector. In 2006, the detector was approximately 10% completed, and we report on data acquired from the detector in this configuration. We observe an atmospheric neutrino signal consistent with expectations, demonstrating that the IceCube detector is capable of identifying neutrino events. In the first 137.4 days of live time, 234 neutrino candidates were selected with an expectation of 211±76.1(syst) ±14.5(stat) events from atmospheric neutrinos. © 2007 The American Physical Society.

Published
2007

44. Multiyear search for a diffuse flux of muon neutrinos with AMANDA-II

Author

H. Landsman, S. Schlenstedt, J. L. Kelley, John Clem, D. Rutledge, C. Wiedemann, H. Leich, D. J. Boersma, R. Porrata, Konstancja Satalecka, D. Hays, Jenni Adams, L. Gerhardt, George Japaridze, J. Auffenberg, C. Ha, K. Rawlins, Hakki Ögelman, S. H. Seo, J.D. Zornoza, D. Leier, Christian Spiering, Kara Hoffman, Y. Sestayo, Subir Sarkar, A. J. Smith, R. G. Stokstad, Wolfgang Rhode, A. Meli, R. Wischnewski, B. Hommez, Delia Tosi, James Madsen, Soebur Razzaque, P. B. Price, W. Wagner, Joseph T. Hodges, Justin Vandenbroucke, T. Burgess, A. Piegsa, M. Solarz, J. M. Joseph, I. Liubarsky, Ph. Herquet, N. Kitamura, B. Christy, K. Mase, A. Ishihara, T. O. B. Schmidt, J. Bolmont, R. Ehrlich, Kael Hanson, A. Olivas, Teresa Montaruli, T. J. Sumner, G. Kohnen, S. Grullon, R. M. Gunasingha, L. Demirörs, Elisa Resconi, M. Ribordy, E. Blaufuss, S. Böser, J. E. Hart, S. Seunarine, F. Rothmaier, Michael Stamatikos, A. Morey, K. Beattie, B. D. Fox, Kurt Woschnagg, Paul Evenson, P. Berghaus, T. Kowarik, K. Hultqvist, R. W. Ellsworth, J. A. Goodman, Fabian Kislat, N. van Eijndhoven, R. Morse, K. Helbing, A. Franckowiak, Albrecht Karle, Yi Wang, Paolo Desiati, Gerald Przybylski, M. Inaba, D. Z. Besson, T. McCauley, A. Van Overloop, Dmitry Chirkin, S. Robbins, M. C. Stoufer, J. Pretz, M. Krasberg, H. Waldmann, S. M. Movit, V. Viscomi, S. Patton, B. Voigt, Xinhua Bai, Alexander Kappes, M. Hellwig, Hermann Kolanoski, R. Gozzini, P. Meszaros, J. Dreyer, K. Han, M. Labare, A. W. Jones, Elisa Bernardini, K. H. Sulanke, H. G. Sander, P. Roth, A. Tepe, Todor Stanev, S. Yoshida, Olga Botner, A. Mokhtarani, Dawn Williams, K. Hoshina, Carlos Pena-Garay, C. Wendt, Johan Lundberg, Glenn Spiczak, O. Tarasova, H. Miyamoto, John S. Gallagher, M. Tluczykont, Chad Finley, D. Bertrand, D. F. Cowen, J. K. Becker, Christian Bohm, David A. Schneider, J.P. Hulss, H. Kawai, R. Ganugapati, A. C. Pohl, J. E. Sopher, S. R. Klein, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, A. Achterberg, B. Hughey, D. Seckel, K. Kuehn, W. R. Edwards, Heiko Geenen, A. R. Fazely, R. Franke, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, M. Gurtner, C. Walck, T. Karg, M. M. Foerster, S. Klepser, H. A. B. Johansson, T. Hauschildt, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, Ignacio Taboada, Adam Bouchta, C.P. de los Heros, Allan Hallgren, T. Castermans, R. J. Lauer, C. De Clercq, D. R. Nygren, S. Hundertmark, Marek Kowalski, Markus Ackermann, T. Stezelberger, S. W. Barwick, G. W. Sullivan, H. S. Matis, M. V. D'Agostino, C. Song, D. Turcan, F. Descamps, Francis Halzen, O. Fadiran, C. T. Day, M. Walter, A. Rizzo, E. A. Strahler, T. Messarius, A. Gross, A. Silvestri, Karen Andeen, R. Nahnhauer, J. Ahrens, Anna Davour, J. Braun, Janet Jacobsen, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, B. Semburg, Damian Pieloth, D. Hubert, H. Wissing, L. Köpke, Kirill Filimonov, T. Straszheim, M. R. Duvoort, B. Baret, S. Tilav, Y. Hasegawa, K. H. Kampert, C. P. McParland, J. Lünemann, A. Goldschmidt, D. Hardtke, R. C. Bay, K.-H. Becker, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, S. Stoyanov, Dirk Ryckbosch, Carsten Rott, K. Münich, J. W. Nam, L. Thollander, Xianwu Xu, J. P. Dumm, Reina H. Maruyama, H. Wiebusch, R. Hardtke, P. Niessen, John Heise, T. Becka, G. Wikström, and T. Griesel

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Spectral line, Astronomia, Neutron detection, ddc:530, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino
Abstract

A search for TeV - PeV muon neutrinos from unresolved sources was performed on AMANDA-II data collected between 2000 and 2003 with an equivalent livetime of 807 days. This diffuse analysis sought to find an extraterrestrial neutrino flux from sources with non-thermal components. The signal is expected to have a harder spectrum than the atmospheric muon and neutrino backgrounds. Since no excess of events was seen in the data over the expected background, an upper limit of E^{2}\Phi_{90% C.L.} < 7.4 x 10^{-8} GeV cm^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1} is placed on the diffuse flux of muon neutrinos with a \Phi \propto E^{-2} spectrum in the energy range 16 TeV to 2.5 PeV. This is currently the most sensitive \Phi \propto E^{-2} diffuse astrophysical neutrino limit. We also set upper limits for astrophysical and prompt neutrino models, all of which have spectra different than \Phi \propto E^{-2}., Comment: 47 pages, 13 figures. This includes the original document and an erratum for the effective area tables

Published
2007

45. Light tracking through ice and water -- Scattering and absorption in heterogeneous media with Photonics

Author

Johan Lundberg, P. Niessen, Jenni Adams, Paolo Desiati, Kurt Woschnagg, P. Miocinovic, S. Hundertmark, and T. Burgess

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Scattering, business.industry, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Tracking (particle physics), Astrophysics, Charged particle, Optics, Neutrino detector, Neutrino astronomy, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

In the field of neutrino astronomy, large volumes of optically transparent matter like glacial ice, lake water, or deep ocean water are used as detector media. Elementary particle interactions are studied using in situ detectors recording time distributions and fluxes of the faint photon fields of Cherenkov radiation generated by ultra-relativistic charged particles, typically muons or electrons. The Photonics software package was developed to determine photon flux and time distributions throughout a volume containing a light source through Monte Carlo simulation. Photons are propagated and time distributions are recorded throughout a cellular grid constituting the simulation volume, and Mie scattering and absorption are realised using wavelength and position dependent parameterisations. The photon tracking results are stored in binary tables for transparent access through ANSI-C and C++ interfaces. For higher-level physics applications, like simulation or reconstruction of particle events, it is then possible to quickly acquire the light yield and time distributions for a pre-specified set of light source and detector properties and geometries without real-time photon propagation. In this paper the Photonics light propagation routines and methodology are presented and applied to the IceCube and Antares neutrino telescopes. The way in which inhomogeneities of the Antarctic glacial ice distort the signatures of elementary particle interactions, and how Photonics can be used to account for these effects, is described., Comment: 22 pages, 8 Postscript figures, uses elsart.cls

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Five years of searches for point sources of astrophysical neutrinos with the AMANDA-II neutrino telescope

Author

M. V. D'Agostino, C. Song, Albrecht Karle, C. T. Day, J. Pretz, J. M. Joseph, I. Liubarsky, Matthias Leuthold, K. Hultqvist, D. R. Nygren, R. Ehrlich, A. Olivas, E. A. Strahler, Carlos Pérez de los Heros, Jenni Adams, Marek Kowalski, D. Leier, T. Messarius, Kara Hoffman, Wolfgang Rhode, A. Meli, Christian Bohm, S. H. Seo, J.D. Zornoza, David A. Schneider, K. Kuehn, W. R. Edwards, H. Waldmann, P. Berghaus, Todor Stanev, Dawn Williams, C. Wendt, W. Wagner, T. Feser, Christian Spiering, F. Descamps, P. Roth, H. S. Matis, H. Miyamoto, J. E. Hart, K. Rawlins, D. Berley, M. Ribordy, G. C. Hill, R. G. Stokstad, Joseph T. Hodges, Justin Vandenbroucke, M. Kestel, Johan Lundberg, C. Walck, H. A. B. Johansson, H. Landsman, B. Christy, James Madsen, Soebur Razzaque, K. Helbing, N. Kitamura, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, R. Morse, D. Turcan, Francis Halzen, N. van Eijndhoven, A. Ishihara, J. Bolmont, D. Seckel, M. Tluczykont, J. Dreyer, Teresa Montaruli, T. Castermans, K. Hoshina, D. Z. Besson, Glenn Spiczak, L. Gerhardt, Gerald Przybylski, S. Klepser, S. Robbins, B. Hommez, Heiko Geenen, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, A. Piegsa, P. A. Toale, J. L. Kelley, D. Hays, E. Blaufuss, C. De Clercq, O. Fadiran, D. F. Cowen, B. Hughey, A. W. Jones, R. Ganugapati, A. C. Pohl, J. E. Sopher, K. Mase, T. McCauley, M. C. Stoufer, A. Achterberg, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, M. Solarz, S. M. Movit, K. Han, John Clem, C.P. Burgess, D. J. Boersma, D. Rutledge, D.W. Atlee, Ignacio Taboada, K. Beattie, Olga Botner, A. Morey, H. Leich, O. Tarasova, Subir Sarkar, X. W. Xu, A. Mokhtarani, Christopher Wiebusch, R. Wischnewski, M. Hellwig, A. Van Overloop, Hermann Kolanoski, R. Porrata, Peter Mészáros, J. P. Hulss, Elisa Bernardini, P. B. Price, K. H. Sulanke, H. G. Sander, T. J. Sumner, L. Demirörs, R. M. Gunasingha, Hakki Ögelman, A. J. Smith, T. O. B. Schmidt, G. Kohnen, T. Stezelberger, R. W. Ellsworth, T. Burgess, John N. Bahcall, S. Seunarine, Michael Stamatikos, S. Grullon, J. A. Goodman, Kurt Woschnagg, B. Voigt, Xinhua Bai, Paul Evenson, Dmitry Chirkin, J. W. Nam, L. Thollander, Karen Andeen, S. Stoyanov, K. Münich, P. Steffen, R. Nahnhauer, J. Lünemann, J. Ahrens, D. Hardtke, R. C. Bay, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, A. Gross, A. Silvestri, M. Walter, A. Rizzo, George Japaridze, S. Hundertmark, G. W. Sullivan, Elisa Resconi, S. Patton, Carlos Pena-Garay, Torsten Harenberg, Kirill Filimonov, Ph. Herquet, John Heise, Damian Pieloth, D. Hubert, T. Becka, K.-H. Becker, H. Wissing, L. Köpke, J. K. Becker, D. Bertrand, S. Böser, H. Kawai, Kael Hanson, S. R. Klein, T. Hauschildt, J. C. Gallagher, Adam Bouchta, Allan Hallgren, G. Wikström, M. Gurtner, T. Straszheim, R. Gozzini, Dirk Ryckbosch, A. Tepe, Yi Wang, Paolo Desiati, P. Niessen, K. H. Kampert, M. Krasberg, B. D. Fox, C. P. McParland, Carsten Rott, S. Yoshida, A. Goldschmidt, J. P. Dumm, J. Eisch, R. Hardtke, M. R. Duvoort, B. Baret, S. Tilav, P. O. Hulth, S. Schlenstedt, Anna Davour, J. Braun, and Janet Jacobsen

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics (astro-ph), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Solar neutrino problem, Sky, Astronomia, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, ddc:530, Neutrino, Neutrino astronomy, media_common
Abstract

We report the results of a five-year survey of the northern sky to search for point sources of high energy neutrinos. The search was performed on the data collected with the AMANDA-II neutrino telescope in the years 2000 to 2004, with a live-time of 1001 days. The sample of selected events consists of 4282 upward going muon tracks with high reconstruction quality and an energy larger than about 100 GeV. We found no indication of point sources of neutrinos and set 90% confidence level flux upper limits for an all-sky search and also for a catalog of 32 selected sources. For the all-sky search, our average (over declination and right ascension) experimentally observed upper limit \Phi^{0}=(E/TeV)^\gamma d\Phi/dE to a point source flux of muon and tau neutrino (detected as muons arising from taus) is \Phi_{\nu_\mu}^{0} + \Phi_{\nu_\tau}^{0} = 11.1 x 10^{-11} TeV^-1 cm^-2 s^-1, in the energy range between 1.6 TeV and 2.5 PeV for a flavor ratio \Phi_{\nu_\mu}^{0} / \Phi_{\nu_\tau}^{0}= 1 and assuming a spectral index \gamma=2. It should be noticed that this is the first time we set upper limits to the flux of muon and tau neutrinos. In previous papers we provided muon neutrino upper limits only neglecting the sensitivity to a signal from tau neutrinos, which improves the limits by 10% to 16%. The value of the average upper limit presented in this work corresponds to twice the limit on the muon neutrino flux \Phi_{\nu_\mu}^{0} = 5.5 \cdot 10^{-11} TeV^-1 cm^-2 s^-1. A stacking analysis for preselected active galactic nuclei and a search based on the angular separation of the events were also performed. We report the most stringent flux upper limits to date, including the results of a detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties., Comment: 32 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D

Published
2007

47. Limits on the high-energy gamma and neutrino fluxes from the SGR 1806-20 giant flare of 27 December 2004 with the AMANDA-II detector

Author

A. Achterberg, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. Ahrens, K. Andeen, D. W. Atlee, J. N. Bahcall, X. Bai, B. Baret, M. Bartelt, S. W. Barwick, R. Bay, K. Beattie, T. Becka, J. K. Becker, K.-H. Becker, P. Berghaus, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Bertrand, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, D. J. Boersma, C. Bohm, J. Bolmont, S. Böser, O. Botner, A. Bouchta, J. Braun, C. Burgess, T. Burgess, T. Castermans, D. Chirkin, B. Christy, J. Clem, D. F. Cowen, M. V. D’Agostino, A. Davour, C. T. Day, C. De Clercq, L. Demirörs, F. Descamps, P. Desiati, T. DeYoung, J. C. Diaz-Velez, J. Dreyer, J. P. Dumm, M. R. Duvoort, W. R. Edwards, R. Ehrlich, J. Eisch, R. W. Ellsworth, P. A. Evenson, O. Fadiran, A. R. Fazely, T. Feser, K. Filimonov, B. D. Fox, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, R. Ganugapati, H. Geenen, L. Gerhardt, A. Goldschmidt, J. A. Goodman, R. Gozzini, S. Grullon, A. Groß, R. M. Gunasingha, M. Gurtner, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Han, K. Hanson, D. Hardtke, R. Hardtke, T. Harenberg, J. E. Hart, T. Hauschildt, D. Hays, J. Heise, K. Helbing, M. Hellwig, P. Herquet, G. C. Hill, J. Hodges, K. D. Hoffman, B. Hommez, K. Hoshina, D. Hubert, B. Hughey, P. O. Hulth, K. Hultqvist, S. Hundertmark, J.-P. Hülß, A. Ishihara, J. Jacobsen, G. S. Japaridze, A. Jones, J. M. Joseph, K.-H. Kampert, A. Karle, H. Kawai, J. L. Kelley, M. Kestel, N. Kitamura, S. R. Klein, S. Klepser, G. Kohnen, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, M. Krasberg, K. Kuehn, H. Landsman, H. Leich, I. Liubarsky, J. Lundberg, J. Madsen, K. Mase, H. S. Matis, T. McCauley, C. P. McParland, A. Meli, T. Messarius, P. Mészáros, H. Miyamoto, A. Mokhtarani, T. Montaruli, A. Morey, R. Morse, S. M. Movit, K. Münich, R. Nahnhauer, J. W. Nam, P. Nießen, D. R. Nygren, H. Ögelman, Ph. Olbrechts, A. Olivas, S. Patton, C. Peña-Garay, C. Pérez de los Heros, A. Piegsa, D. Pieloth, A. C. Pohl, R. Porrata, J. Pretz, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, K. Rawlins, S. Razzaque, F. Refflinghaus, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, A. Rizzo, S. Robbins, P. Roth, C. Rott, D. Rutledge, D. Ryckbosch, H.-G. Sander, S. Sarkar, S. Schlenstedt, T. Schmidt, D. Schneider, D. Seckel, S. H. Seo, S. Seunarine, A. Silvestri, A. J. Smith, M. Solarz, C. Song, J. E. Sopher, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, P. Steffen, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, M. C. Stoufer, S. Stoyanov, E. A. Strahler, T. Straszheim, K.-H. Sulanke, G. W. Sullivan, T. J. Sumner, I. Taboada, O. Tarasova, A. Tepe, L. Thollander, S. Tilav, P. A. Toale, D. Turčan, N. van Eijndhoven, J. Vandenbroucke, A. Van Overloop, B. Voigt, W. Wagner, C. Walck, H. Waldmann, M. Walter, Y.-R. Wang, C. Wendt, C. H. Wiebusch, G. Wikström, D. R. Williams, R. Wischnewski, H. Wissing, K. Woschnagg, X. W. Xu, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, and J. D. Zornoza

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, Muon, Solar flare, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Galaxy, law.invention, Pulsar, law, Astronomia, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Flare
Abstract

On December 27th 2004, a giant gamma flare from the Soft Gamma-ray Repeater 1806-20 saturated many satellite gamma-ray detectors. This event was by more than two orders of magnitude the brightest cosmic transient ever observed. If the gamma emission extends up to TeV energies with a hard power law energy spectrum, photo-produced muons could be observed in surface and underground arrays. Moreover, high-energy neutrinos could have been produced during the SGR giant flare if there were substantial baryonic outflow from the magnetar. These high-energy neutrinos would have also produced muons in an underground array. AMANDA-II was used to search for downgoing muons indicative of high-energy gammas and/or neutrinos. The data revealed no significant signal. The upper limit on the gamma flux at 90% CL is dN/dE < 0.05 (0.5) TeV^-1 m^-2 s^-1 for gamma=-1.47 (-2). Similarly, we set limits on the normalization constant of the high-energy neutrino emission of 0.4 (6.1) TeV^-1 m^-2 s^-1 for gamma=-1.47 (-2)., 14 pages, 3 figures

Published
2006

49. The IceCube prototype string in Amanda

Author

Kael Hanson, J. K. Becker, S. Stoyanov, P. Roth, Peter Mészáros, K. Han, B. Hommez, M. M. Foerster, Yi Wang, Paolo Desiati, D. Z. Besson, J. Lünemann, C.P. Burgess, E. A. Strahler, R. C. Bay, D. Bertrand, S. H. Seo, J.D. Zornoza, A. C. Pohl, S. R. Klein, G. S. Japaridze, J. Bolmont, A. Tepe, A. W. Jones, M. Krasberg, R. Hardtke, T. Hauschildt, P. Berghaus, Johan Lundberg, H. S. Matis, Anna Davour, K. H. Sulanke, D. Turcan, D. Hardtke, J. Braun, S. Yoshida, S. Klepser, Francis Halzen, Janet Jacobsen, M. Solarz, D. R. Nygren, T. Griesel, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, R. Ganugapati, J. E. Sopher, N. van Eijndhoven, P. Herquet, D. F. Cowen, J. E. Hart, K. Münich, Y. Hasegawa, T. DeYoung, S. J. Patton, J. Gallagher, Adam Bouchta, A. Piegsa, A. Achterberg, K. Andeen, C.P. de los Heros, B. Semburg, M. Labare, P. A. Evenson, Marek Kowalski, P. B. Price, S. Schlenstedt, M. Gurtner, H. Wissing, K. Mase, L. Demirors, S. Böser, R. W. Ellsworth, M. Tluczykont, Allan Hallgren, David A. Schneider, J.P. Hulss, T. O. B. Schmidt, A. Gross, G. C. Hill, B. D. Fox, A. Van Overloop, B. Baret, J. W. Nam, S. Grullon, Kurt Woschnagg, L. Thollander, F. Descamps, R. Ehrlich, D. Seckel, Heiko Geenen, P. A. Toale, J. Adams, A. Morey, J. P. Dumm, H. Landsman, A. R. Fazely, K. Kuehn, R. M. Gunasingha, Wolfgang Wagner, Dmitry Chirkin, T. Burgess, G. Kohnen, Albrecht Karle, J. L. Kelley, D. J. Boersma, Michael Stamatikos, Timo Karg, Gerald Przybylski, M. Walter, J. A. Goodman, A. Silvestri, K. Hoshina, David R. Williams, A. J. S. Smith, T. J. Sumner, H. Kolanoski, M. R. Duvoort, Glenn Spiczak, S. M. Movit, M. Ribordy, T. Stezelberger, R. Porrata, J. Dreyer, L. Gerhardt, J. Heise, K. Helbing, P. Steffen, Olga Botner, B. Hughey, A. Olivas, C. Song, J. N. Bahcall, Elisa Resconi, Anna Franckowiak, J. Hodges, R. Nahnhauer, Hakki Ögelman, C. T. Day, Elisa Bernardini, J. Clem, E. Blaufuss, J. Ahrens, T. Messarius, D. Hays, O. Tarasova, T. Kowarik, S. Hundertmark, B. Voigt, B. Christy, R. G. Stokstad, Xinhua Bai, R. Wischnewski, G. W. Sullivan, K. Hultqvist, N. Kitamura, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Kirill Filimonov, Carlos Pena-Garay, D. Leier, O. Fadiran, A. Rizzo, T. Straszheim, S. Robbins, Wolfgang Rhode, A. Meli, H. Waldmann, T. McCauley, Damian Pieloth, D. Hubert, Christian Spiering, L. Köpke, Justin Vandenbroucke, Subir Sarkar, K. Beattie, Surujhdeo Seunarine, K. Rawlins, James Madsen, Soebur Razzaque, K. D. Hoffman, A. Ishihara, T. Stanev, M. C. Stoufer, D. Rutledge, H. Leich, J. C. Diaz-Velez, M. V. D'Agostino, H. Kawai, M. Hellwig, H. G. Sander, J. M. Joseph, I. Liubarsky, C. H. Wiebusch, C. Wendt, Carsten Rott, R. Morse, T. Montaruli, H. Miyamoto, Xianwu Xu, C. Bohm, C. Walck, D. Berley, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, P. Niessen, G. Wikstrom, I. Taboada, J. Auffenberg, T. Castermans, H. Johansson, T. Becka, J. Pretz, V. Viscomi, K.-H. Becker, A. Mokhtarani, C. De Clercq, M. Inaba, Markus Ackermann, Dirk Ryckbosch, S. W. Barwick, W. R. Edwards, S. Tilav, R. Gozzini, C. P. McParland, and A. Goldschmidt

Subjects
Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array, Astroparticle physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Photon, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Neutrino telescope, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Amanda, IceCube, Data acquisition, Signal digitization, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array (Amanda) is a high-energy neutrino telescope. It is a lattice of optical modules (OM) installed in the clear ice below the South Pole Station. Each OM contains a photomultiplier tube (PMT) that detects photons of Cherenkov light generated in the ice by muons and electrons. IceCube is a cubic-kilometer-sized expansion of Amanda currently being built at the South Pole. In IceCube the PMT signals are digitized already in the optical modules and transmitted to the surface. A prototype string of 41 OMs equipped with this new all-digital technology was deployed in the Amanda array in the year 2000. In this paper we describe the technology and demonstrate that this string serves as a proof of concept for the IceCube array. Our investigations show that the OM timing accuracy is 5 ns. Atmospheric muons are detected in excellent agreement with expectations with respect to both angular distribution and absolute rate.

Published
2006

50. Limits on the muon flux from neutralino annihilations at the center of the Earth with AMANDA

Author

S.W. Barwick, P. Berghaus, T. Becka, A.C. Pohl, George Japaridze, John Joseph, D. J. Boersma, J. Clem, A. W. Jones, M. Ribordy, A. Davour, C. Pérez de los Heros, J. L. Kelley, H.S. Matis, R. Wischnewski, K. Woschnagg, D.W. Atlee, J. Madsen, P. Ekström, D. Berley, W.R. Edwards, P.O. Hulth, R. Ehrlich, K. Hultqvist, P. Steffen, H. Geenen, J. E. Hart, G. M. Spiczak, A. Meli, M. Kestel, Ph. Olbrechts, K. Kuehn, C.H. Wiebusch, D.Z. Besson, Elisa Resconi, D. Rutledge, L. Thollander, Karen Andeen, T. Neunhöffer, K. Han, J. Ahrens, P. Marciniewski, H. Leich, James E. Braun, R. Nahnhauer, S. Hundertmark, Hakki Ögelman, J. Jacobsen, A. Morey, K.-H. Becker, A. Mokhtarani, D. Bertrand, H. Kawai, E. Blaufuss, T. Castermans, Y. Minaeva, S.M. Movit, J.K. Becker, G.W. Sullivan, P. Herquet, Jodi Cooley, A. Achterberg, K. Beattie, K. Rawlins, A. Silvestri, Elisa Bernardini, H.-G. Sander, R.G. Stokstad, Albrecht Karle, M.G. Greene, H. Miyamoto, Jenni Adams, P. Nießen, M. V. D'Agostino, T. Feser, Soebur Razzaque, K. Münich, G. Wikstrom, C. Song, Peter Mészáros, K. Mase, A. Goldschmidt, X. Bai, J. Dreyer, M. C. Stoufer, O. Bouhali, I. Liubarsky, G.T. Przybylski, R. Ganugapati, R.W. Ellsworth, M.R. Duvoort, C. De Clercq, Teresa Montaruli, E. A. Strahler, G. Kohnen, H. Wissing, R. Schwarz, M. Ackermann, P.B. Price, A. Rizzo, C. Spiering, T. Hauschildt, J. Vandenbroucke, R. M. Gunasingha, D. F. Cowen, Carlos Pena-Garay, M. Hellwig, A. Piegsa, M. Bartelt, S. Patton, Michael Stamatikos, S. Tilav, D. Seckel, R. Morse, J. Lundberg, K. Helbing, Spencer Klein, W. Rhode, J. Rodrı´guez Martino, John Heise, J.A. Goodman, O. Tarasova, R. Porrata, S. Klepser, S. Grullon, Kara Hoffman, A. Tepe, W. Wagner, F. Refflinghaus, M. Krasberg, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, Francis Halzen, B. Voigt, S. H. Seo, J.D. Zornoza, T.J. Sumner, J. Gallagher, S. Robbins, D. R. Nygren, J.E. Sopher, O. Fadiran, J.W. Nam, C.P. McParland, M. Leuthold, Chris Wendt, B. Baret, D. Hubert, J. Conrad, T. McCauley, T.K. Gaisser, Dmitry Chirkin, D. Pieloth, S. Böser, A. Groß, L. Köpke, Carsten Rott, K. Hoshina, S. Seunarine, A. Olivas, J. Pretz, Adam Bouchta, D. Turčan, M. Solarz, B. Hughey, D. Hardtke, Xianwu Xu, C. Bohm, H. Waldmann, Dawn Williams, Allan Hallgren, T. Harenberg, N. van Eijndhoven, J.-P. Hülß, D. Hays, C.P. Burgess, K.-H. Kampert, M. Walter, S. Yoshida, Hermann Kolanoski, Joseph T. Hodges, T. Stezelberger, I. Taboada, K. H. Sulanke, R. Bay, H. Landsman, T. Stanev, P. Miočinović, Kael Hanson, R. Hardtke, J.N. Bahcall, K. Filimonov, C. Walck, C. T. Day, Yi Wang, Paolo Desiati, A.R. Fazely, P.A. Evenson, T. Messarius, S. Schlenstedt, T. Burgess, Olga Botner, M. Gurtner, R. Gozzini, Aya Ishihara, A.J. Smith, L. Gerhardt, S. Stoyanov, David A. Schneider, G. C. Hill, G. Yodh, Tyce DeYoung, and P. A. Toale

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array, Particle physics, AMANDA, Annihilation, Muon, Dark matter, IceCube, Neutralino, Neutrino telescopes, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear physics, WIMP, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino
Abstract

A search has been performed for nearly vertically upgoing neutrino-induced muons with the Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA), using data taken over the three year period 1997–99. No excess above the expected atmospheric neutrino background has been found. Upper limits at 90% confidence level have been set on the annihilation rate of neutralinos at the center of the Earth, as well as on the muon flux at AMANDA induced by neutrinos created by the annihilation products.

Published
2006

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results