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Knowing the temporal and spatial changes of land use and the formation of heat islands over time is one of the most important issues in metropolitan planning and policy making. Thus, in this study heat islands and temperature changes and its relationship with land use changes have been monitored over a period of 35 years in two study areas, i.e. the cities of Mashhad and Sari, using the Google Earth Engine platform. For this purpose, the LST was computed and the land use maps of the studied periods were extracted during 8 time steps of 5 years from 1985 to 2020. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial autocorrelation of heat islands and its relationship with land use in two studied regions with different climatic conditions. The results of temperature monitoring showed an increase in temperature between 1 to 2 °C in all types of land uses during 35 years. This increasing trend of temperature is proportional to the type of land use changes, so that the temperature increase in built-up lands was estimated to be 2 and 1.75 degrees Celsius in the cities of Sari and Mashhad, respectively. The average temperature of the three months of summer in Mashhad city in built-up areas has increased from 34.5°C to 36.25°C and in Sari city from 29.51°C to 31.51°C. while the minimum increase in temperature has occurred in the lands with forest coverage, which is 1.02 °C and 1.19 °C, respectively in the cities of Sari and Mashhad. Conclusively, in both climatic regions, the areas where the changes are in the direction of reducing or removing vegetation and creating residential areas, the temperature increase is the maximum, and the areas where the changes are in the direction of increasing forests and agricultural lands, the temperature increase is the minimum.

The PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) satellite of the Italian Space Agency, lunched in 2019, has provided a new generation source of hyperspectral data showing to have high potential in vegetation variable retrieval. In this study, the newly available PRISMA spectra were exploited to retrieve Leaf Area Index (LAI) of sugarcane using a new kind of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) so-called Bayesian Regularized Artificial Neural Network (BRANN). The suggested BRANN retrieval model was implemented over a dataset collected during a field campaign in Amir Kabir Sugarcane Agro-Industrial zone, Khuzestan, Iran, in 2020. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized to reduce the dimensionality of PRISMA data cube. An accuracy assessment based on the bootstrapping procedure indicated RMSE of 0.67 m2/m2 for the LAI retrieval by applying the BRANN model. This study is a confirmation of the high performance of the BRANN method and high potential of PRISMA images to retrieve sugarcane LAI.

Due to climate change, drought events will probably occur more frequently and be more intense. Therefore, effective drought monitoring and assessment is vital in developing knowledge of drought, drought adaptation, and mitigatory actions. Remote sensing has been widely used for monitoring drought in recent years. In the current research, three groups of remote sensing indices, i.e. vegetation, thermal and moisture indices, were applied to determine the correlation between them and the standardized precipitation index (SPI) as drought index for the growing season (April to September) from 1999 to 2005 for rangeland areas in the Alborz province of Iran. The results indicated that normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (with a correlation coefficient of 0.74) and land surface temperature (LST) (with a correlation coefficient of 0.67) had the highest correlations with rainfall. Therefore, it concluded that the assumed indices are suitable for drought monitoring for this land use. Temporal analysis of the results showed that the best correlations of remote sensing indices belonged to the 6- and 9-month SPI and indicated the effect of long-term rainfall on plant growth.

Climate change is one of the most pressing problems among scientists worldwide, with experts warning about it and even referring to it as unfathomable human agony. In this study, we reviewed previous studies and examined two gaps in the existing approach to climate change studies. First, look at the "side effects" of global warming that have been overlooked in the process and then look at the leading "cause" of global warming, namely "humans" and not its "effects". The findings revealed that a 1.4 °C temperature increase (as predicted by United National (UN) projections) would not only raise this amount but also trigger further global warming. As a result, the premise that global warming produces additional global warming was proven. In the Water Area (WA) class, radiant energy increased by 1194.8%, compared to 1205.8%, 1154.9%, 1115.6% and 1229% in the Vegetation Area Class (VAC), Agricultural Area Class (AAC), Bare Area Class (BAC) and Salt Lake Class (SLC), respectively. Although the Land Surface Temperature (LST) of all classes has only increased by about 0.4 °C, these changes in radiant energy are much more pronounced. The current study also revealed that most legitimate research on this subject has focused on the effects of global warming on environmental variations. These studies, which see these changes as "results" of climate change and global warming, have overlooked the primary cause, "human demands", which has prompted humans to alter or exploit their surroundings actively. This study found that concentrating on humans and encouraging them to focus on happiness rather than pleasure is more helpful in addressing global warming issues than focusing on its impacts, such as rising sea level, storms, drought, etc. The results of this study are helpful for a deeper understanding of global warming and a careful study of the cause and dimensions of this phenomenon.

Climate is one most important factors that can reconstructs the formation of soils. Accordingly, the objective of this study is characterizing spatial and temporal trends of soil and surface properties changes in Gomishan region during the period of 2017–1987. For this purpose, 432 monthly product of LST (MOD11C3) and vegetation cover (MOD13C2) of MODIS sensor and 3 Landsat images were used. Single-channel algorithm and various spectral indexes were used to modeling of Land surface temperature (LST) and surface properties including brightness, greenness, wetness and salinity. Then, based on the soil line analyse, pixels with the full cover of soil were extracted. Finally, trend of LST and surface properties variations were investigated for these pixels and whole studied area. The average of LST and vegetation cover changes in January, February, March and April are higher than other months. The variance of LST and surface properties for Gomishan wetland was higher than other regions of the studied area. The values of Soil salinity index in 2000 year was higher than 1987 and 2017 years. The LST of pixels with full cover of soil in the north of study area was higher than the south. Also, wetness of these pixels in the northern regions is lower than the southern regions of the study area. The results of study indicate, spatial and temporal variations of the surface properties of the Gomishan area derived from remote-sensing data were high.

The study is focused on the pattern of soil salinity at the young loamy coastal plains of the Caspian Sea in Russia and Iran which were released from water less than 300 years ago. At two key sites of 45×30 m (Russia) and 25×20 m (Iran), the soil sampling with 1 to 5 m grid was performed to the depth of 1 m. The electrical conductivity (1 : 2.5) was measured in soil samples and soil sa-linity maps were compiled. Soils are represented by solonchaks with 2–3% of salts in the top layer or highly saline soils partly leached in the upper 5–10 cm. The ground water table is shallow (2–2.5 m). The studied sites are different in terms of climate, microtopography, and vegetation cover but spatial differentiation of soil salinity is quite similar what is evidenced from the similar distributions (mean values and variance) of electrical conductivity in almost all studied depths. The redistribution of salts is mainly observed in the upper 50 cm with the maximal manifestation in the upper 5 cm.

Diurnal air temperature modeling is a beneficial experimental and mathematical approach which can be used in many fields related to Geosciences. The modeling and spatio-temporal analysis of air Diurnal Temperature Cycle (DTC) was conducted using data obtained from 105 synoptic stations in Iran during the years 2013-2014 for the first time; the key variable for controlling the cosine term in DTC modeling known as β was analyzed and considered both as monthly and annual parameter. The effect of environmental variables of humidity, pressure, diurnal air temperature range, and wind speed were analyzed on β. The results showed that there is no significant difference between considering β as monthly (dynamic) or annual (constant) parameter through the year. The RMSE of approach with dynamic β was 2.1 °C and with constant 2.2 °C at 95% percent of whole data in all stations. The analysis of environmental variables showed that humidity had an indirect effect on β. Low pressure areas showed higher β values but high pressure areas showed higher variability in β and lower mean values. In areas with high air diurnal temperature range, lower β values with less standard deviation were observed. High wind areas showed positive effect on β values.

Background: Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive and facultative anaerobic food-borne bacterium which is capable of intra and extra cellular growth. L. monocytogenes usually can exist on different surfaces and instruments at production and processing sites of food products with animal origin. In Iran, the consumption of burger has increased recently, but its safety is still of great concern. Despite few reports from some areas of Iran, there is limited information about burger contamination in Kerman province. Therefore, this research was set to molecular identification of L. monocytogenes in hamburgers distributed in Kerman, Iran. Methods: A total of 100 raw hamburgers were collected from 20 fast food/sandwich shops in Kerman city, Iran during summer 2014. The hamburgers stored in ice box and transported to the food hygiene laboratory. The samples were microbiologically analyzed for the presence of L. monocytogenes. The isolated bacteria were confirmed by molecular assay. Results: Three out of 100 (3%) hamburger samples were biochemically diagnosed as Listeria contamination; however molecular identification assay confirmed that two of them were L. monocytogenes. Conclusion: Although the prevalence rate of L. monocytogenes was not high in hamburger samples of Kerman, the risk of human listeriosis must not be ignored or underestimated. Further surveys are required in future for risk assessment of this pathogenic bacterium in other food products distributed in the country.

Renewable energies are well-known as one of the most important energy resources not only due to limited other energy resources, but also due to environmental problems associated with air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable energy project selection is a multi actors and sophisticated problem because it is a need to incorporate social, economic, technological, and environmental considerations. Multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are powerful tools to evaluate and rank the alternatives among a pool of alternatives and select the best one. COPRAS (COmplex PRoportional ASsessment) is an MCDM technique which determines the best alternative by calculating the ratio to the ideal solution and the negative ideal solution. On the other hand, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is widely used in order to calculate the importance weights of evaluation criteria. In this paper an integrated COPRAS-AHP methodology is proposed to select the best renewable energy project. In order to validate the output of the proposed model, the model is compared with five MCDM tools. The results of this paper demonstrate the capability and effectiveness of the proposed model in selecting the most appropriate renewable energy option among the existing alternatives. First published online: 23 Sep 2013

Selection of the working strategy is a critical problem and it plays a significant role in the success of organization development. On the other hand, selecting the most appropriate working strategy among a pool of alternatives is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. Since every working strategy has its benefits and costs and may bring a company different opportunities and risks, which kind of working strategy is the most appropriate for a company to accomplish is a sophisticated and complex decision with a high degree of uncertainty. Therefore, the current paper proposed an integrated evaluation model based on the analytic network process (ANP) and the complex proportional assessment (COPRAS), to help the decision makers or managers with the selection of proper working strategy in a fuzzy environment where the fuzziness and uncertainties are handled with linguistic terms parameterized by triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs). In this paper fuzzy ANP (FANP) is utilized to take into account interdependence and dependencies and determine the importance weights of benefit, opportunities, cost and risk (BOCR) factors, and fuzzy COPRAS is applied to rank the alternatives. To show the potential application of the proposed model, a real world application is conducted to illustrate the use of the proposed model for the working strategy selection problem. The results show the capability and effectiveness of the proposed model.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common infection which can lead to gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric-originated malignancies. In this study prevalence of seropositivity of each immunoglobulins against H. pylori and also, their association with sex and age were evaluated in a sample of the ordinary population from Tabriz, Iran.In this study, 3733 individuals referred to the laboratory for Para clinical tests between 2019 and 2022, participated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to detect the quantity of anti-H. pylori Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin M (IgM), and Immunoglobulin A (IgA). The statistical analysis was conducted using the 20th version of SPSS software.Out of 3733 participants, 1235 (33.1%) were male and 2498 (66.9%) were female. 57.9% of the participants have positive IgG serology. Also, this index was 0.3% and 11.6% for IgM and IgA, respectively. The mean (SD) age was 40.72 (16.91). There was no significant relationship between gender and IgG and IgA positiveness (p-values = 0.11 and 0.08 respectively). For IgM, serum positiveness was higher in females (0.4% for females and 0.2% for males; p-value: 0.009). The prevalence of positive IgG was increasing significantly (p-value < 0.001). For IgM and IgA there was a significant increase in the number of seropositive individuals with an increase in age (p-value = 0.005; and < 0.001 respectively).This study reveals that the prevalence of H. pylori in Tabriz is approximately 57% which is in the range estimated to be in Iran, but in comparison to developed countries, it was higher. The prevalence of anti-H. pylori immunoglobulins increases significantly with age.

This paper attempts to show different terms of address in Lori and how the non-existence of deferential ʃomɑ (V) compared to Persian leads to some misunderstandings. Deferential V substitutes with other terms of address such as fictive kinship terms, formal titles, religious terms, address inversion and indirect address. For this purpose, the data were collected via two methods: (i) interviews (18 informants); (ii) direct observations (27 different contexts). The results obtained from direct observations were collected to check the reliability of interviews. The results demonstrate that politeness is not always a matter of 'non-solidarity' and 'power', but sometimes solidarity plays an essential role in making terms of address politer. Furthermore, social factors such as gender, age and social roles are crucial in determining appropriate terms of address. Lastly, men and women used fictive kinship terms differently. While women addressed their older cousins and affinal relatives by means of fictive kinship terms, men used them for addressing total strangers. This behaviour means that women tend to make a distance from the addressee whereas men try to create solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Biological events are one of the main threats of the present century. The aim of this study was to survey knowledge and performance of Basij Medical Community members of West Azerbaijan in response to the biological events in 2016- 2017. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, knowledge and preparedness of 142 members of the Basij Medical Community in West Azerbaijan province in response to biological events were evaluated using a reasercher made questionnaire during 2016-2017. The results were reported as descriptive statistics (number, percentage, mean and standard deviation). Results: 110 participants (77.4%) had low knowledge regarding biological events. The highest level of knowledge with 97 participants (68.3%) was related to required instructions in dealing with biologic incidents with large casualties. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed a low knowledge of the members of Basij Medical Community in confronting the biological incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tsunamis occur every year in different seas and oceans around the world. These waves propagate at high speeds in various directions and, if they reach the shore, cause irreparable damage to these areas and their structures and facilities. Therefore, understanding this complex phenomenon and predicting its behavior can reduce the damages. In the present study, numerical simulation studies of the tsunami phenomenon were carried out. The purpose of the study was to predict the tsunami wave characteristics when reaching the coastal area. The use of numerical simulation greatly reduces the cost of laboratory work and can also be used for complex geometries and models. The tsunami waves were considered as viscous fluid by Navier-Stokes equations for shallow water as governing equations with fluid volume fractionation method for simulating water surface in software. Wave generation was created by simulating a tank that fluctuates once to its left wall and once to its bottom. This work was carried out by Fluent software. In the following, the influence of shaking side wall angles on the generated waves is investigated. The simulation results show a significant increase in wave height due to the oscillating wall angle. The effects of the oscillating bottom wall have also been studied. In this thesis, the method of producing and propagating tsunami waves is described and the equations are defined. Also, since the most important issue in dealing with this phenomenon is their control, a method for controlling tsunami waves is presented in this thesis. Finally, a multi-phase method is used to simulate the movement of waves in a tank with a tremor wall. Finally, the obtained results have been compared to the analytical results by Green equation method and there are good agreements between them. The results showed that there is no change in wave height at distant points and with the oblique wall obliquity being increased by 30 degrees, the wave production increases. In addition, the flow and pressure lines also become almost horizontal.

Background: Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive and facultative anaerobic foodborne bacterium which is capable of intra and extra cellular growth. L. monocytogenes usually can exist on different surfaces and instruments at production and processing sites of food products with animal origin. In Iran, the consumption of burger has increased recently, but its safety is still of great concern. Despite few reports from some areas of Iran, there is limited information about burger contamination in Kerman province. Therefore, this research was set to molecular identification of L. monocytogenes in hamburgers distributed in Kerman, Iran. Methods: A total of 100 raw hamburgers were collected from 20 fast food/sandwich shops in Kerman city, Iran during summer 2014. The hamburgers stored in ice box and transported to the food hygiene laboratory. The samples were microbiologically analyzed for the presence of L. monocytogenes. The isolated bacteria were confirmed by molecular assay. Results: Three out of 100 (3%) hamburger samples were biochemically diagnosed as Listeria contamination; however molecular identification assay confirmed that two of them were L. monocytogenes. Conclusion: Although the prevalence rate of L. monocytogenes was not high in hamburger samples of Kerman, the risk of human listeriosis must not be ignored or underestimated. Further surveys are required in future for risk assessment of this pathogenic bacterium in other food products distributed in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: When computing a confidence interval for a binomial proportion p, one must choose an exact interval that has a coverage probability of at least 1-α for all values of p. In this study, we compared the confidence intervals of Clopper-Pearson, Wald, Wilson, and double ArcSin transformation in terms of maintaining a constant nominal type I error. Methods: Simulations were used to compare four methods of estimating a confidence interval, including the Clopper-Pearson, Wald, Wilson, and double ArcSic. The data were generated from the binomial and Poison distribution with parameters p, n and µ=np, 1000 were produced . Type I error of each method was calculated per simulation. The above methods were used to estimate confidence intervals in a meta-analysis study. Results: The results of the simulation study showed that double ArcSin keep confidence interval at [0,1], but for some proportion has high type I error or low coverage probability. The Clopper–Pearson interval guarantees that the coverage probability is always equal to or above the nominal confidence level for any fixed p. Conclusion: This study showed that confidence interval estimations the Clopper-Pearson than other methods of calculating the type I error fixed and smaller.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are one of the prevailing conditions characterized by progressive neuronal loss. Polyadenylation (PA) and alternative polyadenylation (APA) are the two main post-transcriptional events that regulate neuronal gene expression and protein production. This systematic review analyzed the available literature on the role of PA and APA in NDDs, with an emphasis on their contributions to disease development. A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases. The search strategy was developed based on the framework introduced by Arksey and O'Malley and supplemented by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study selection was performed by two independent reviewers. Extraction and data organization were performed in accordance with the predefined variables. Subsequently, quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed. Forty-seven studies were included, related to a variety of NDDs, namely Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Disease induction was performed using different models, including human tissues, animal models, and cultured cells. Most investigations were related to PA, although some were related to APA or both. Amyloid precursor protein (APP), Tau, SNCA, and STMN2 were the major genes identified; most of the altered PA patterns were related to mRNA stability and translation efficiency. This review particularly underscores the key roles of PA and APA in the pathogenesis of NDDs through their mechanisms that contribute to gene expression dysregulation, protein aggregation, and neuronal dysfunction. Insights into these mechanisms may lead to new therapeutic strategies focused on the modulation of PA and APA activities. Further research is required to investigate the translational potential of targeting these pathways for NDD treatment., (© 2024 International Society for Neurochemistry.)

Our case details the atypical presentation of postpartum pituitary apoplexy in a 20-year-old female, who exhibited general weakness, dizziness, and brief loss of consciousness following an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Despite normal vital signs except for bradycardia, imaging revealed a pituitary hemorrhage, leading to the diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy. Managed conservatively with IV hydrocortisone and intensive care, the patient experienced persistent bradycardia and severe abdominal pain, requiring transfer to another ICU. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by the rarity and complexity of pituitary apoplexy during pregnancy and the postpartum period, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies. The discussion further contrasts this case with existing literature, particularly in the context of postpartum pituitary apoplexy, and explores the broader implications for managing such rare cases, reinforcing the viability of conservative management in the absence of visual field disturbances., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly prevalent conditions, each significantly contributing to the global burden of morbidity and mortality. CVD and CKD share a great number of common risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, among others. Their relationship extends beyond these factors, encompassing intricate interplay between the two systems. Within this complex network of pathophysiological processes, vitamin D has emerged as a potential linchpin, exerting influence over diverse physiological pathways implicated in both CKD and CVD. In recent years, scientific exploration has unveiled a close connection between these two prevalent conditions and vitamin D, a crucial hormone traditionally recognized for its role in bone health. This article aims to provide an extensive review of vitamin D's multifaceted and expanding actions concerning its involvement in CKD and CVD.

Introduction: Hyperkalemia, one of the most important electrolyte abnormalities of chronic kidney disease (CKD), often limits the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and can increase in the postprandial period. In this study we report a real-world experience with the new non-adsorbed potassium binder patiromer in stage 3b-4 CKD patients. Moreover, we performed a cross-sectional analysis to evaluate, for the first time, the efficacy of patiromer in the control of postprandial potassium concentrations., Methods: We retrospectively collected data of 40 patients at the time of patiromer initiation (T0), and after 2 (T2), 6 (T6) and 12 (T12) months of treatment. For cross sectional analysis, a blood sample was collected 2 h after the main meal for the evaluation of postprandial potassium concentrations., Results: Eighty-two point five percent of patients (33/40) reached normal potassium concentrations at T2. Serum potassium significantly decreased at T2 compared to T0 (5.13 ± 0.48 vs 5.77 ± 0.41 mmol/L, respectively; p < 0.001) and the reduction remained significant during the follow-up (5.06 ± 0.36 at T6 and 5.77 ± 0.41 at T12; p < 0.001 vs T0). Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors were continued by 93% of patients (27/29). Adverse events were reported in 27.5% of patients and were all mild-to-moderate. Postprandial potassium concentrations did not significantly change compared to fasting state potassium measured at T12 (4.53 ± 0.33 vs 5.06 ± 0.36 mmol/L; p = 0.15)., Conclusions: In a real-world setting of advanced CKD patients, patiromer is a useful treatment for hyperkalemia, since it significantly reduces serum potassium levels over the long term and is able to maintain potassium concentrations in the normal range even in the post-prandial period., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Italian Society of Nephrology.)

Breast milk (BM) is considered as the best source of nutrition which could have prevention effects on various diseases in the first years of a child. Along with nutritive compounds, presence of contaminants such as mycotoxins in BM could be transmitted into neonate. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence, levels, and factors associated with the presence of aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) and ocratoxin a (OTA) in BM samples of nursing mothers in rural centers of Yazd, Iran. The presence and average AFM 1 and OTA concentration in 72 BM samples was measured by competitive ELISA. The demographic and diet parameters of nursing mothers were collected by a questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS 18 software. AFM 1 and OTA were detected in 63 (87.5%) and 47 (65.2%) samples with the mean concentration levels of 19.46 ± 13.26 ng/L (ranges from 5.1 to 53.9) and 200 ± 160 ng/L (ranges from 100 to 2460), respectively. Of these, 32 samples (50.7%) for AFM 1 and 23 samples (48.9%) for OTA had values exceeding the limit set by the European Union regulation for infant foods (25 ng/L for AFM 1 and 500 ng/L for OTA). It was also found that the risk of AFM 1 and OTA occurrence in BM increased significantly with the consumption of beans, bread, cereals, fruit juice and crackers, and cream, respectively. This study showed that the estimated daily intake for AFM 1 and OTA by 1 month of age infants was 2.7 and 28.5 ng/kg bw/day, respectively, while, as the age of the infant increased, the values were lower and close to 0.9 and 9.9 ng/kg bw/day for AFM1 and OTA in 12 months of age infants, respectively. The high occurrence and noticeable levels of AFM 1 and OTA detected in this study indicated that some infants receive undesirable exposures to AFM 1 and OTA with breast milk. Therefore, it is recommended that mothers are advised to avoid certain foods during pregnancy and breastfeeding that are likely sources of mycotoxins., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Mycotoxin (Research Gesellschaft für Mykotoxinforschung e.V.) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Herein, a mesoporous Pr 6 O 11 nanoparticle (NPs) has been prepared via a simple sonochemical process employing an eco-friendly capping agent, grape juice, and utilized for the development of a novel electrochemical sensor to measure carmoisine. Chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) have been used for the investigation of the electrochemical behavior of mesoporous Pr 6 O 11 /Ionic liquid/Carbon paste electrode (MP-Pr 6 O 11 /IL/CPE) in the presence of carmoisine. The oxidation behavior of carmoisine has been examined, and it has been discovered that there was a greater enhancing signal with the MP-Pr 6 O 11 /IL/CPE. A lowdetection limit of 12 nM in a linear range of 0.09-135 µM was achieved by the novel carmoisine sensor. Good selectivity, repeatability, stability, and reproducibility were all features of the newly constructed sensor. As a result, the suggested procedurewas appropriate for routine analysis and ought to serve as a viable option for analyzing food colorant., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)