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Background Papillary fibroelastomas (PFEs) are uncommon primary cardiac tumours and their recurrence after resection is rare. Case summary A 32-year-old woman, who was evaluated for recurrent embolic stroke, was found to have lesions on mitral leaflets on echocardiography. The mitral leaflets were otherwise normal with no clinical or laboratory evidence of infective endocarditis. Transthoracic, as well as transesophageal echocardiography, revealed masses on mitral leaflets, which remained almost the same over 3 years. A tentative diagnosis of PFE on the mitral valve was made. She had undergone intra-cardiac excision of mitral valve mass along with ring annuloplasty in February 2020. In November 2021, during her regular follow-up visit, transthoracic echocardiography revealed the recurrence of the masses on mitral leaflets with severe mitral regurgitation. She underwent mitral valve replacement and excision of tumour masses. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of recurrent PFE. Discussion Recurrence of PFEs is rare. We report a rare case of histologically proven recurrence of PFE of the mitral valve. This highlights the importance of routine post-operative echocardiographic follow-up in patients with PFE.

Squalene, a triterpenoid compound is proven to possess immense bioactivities by virtue of its high antioxidant activity. The present study was designed to investigate the quality attributes of muffins as influenced by addition of encapsulated squalene. Nutritional analysis showed that calorific value of prepared muffins has ranged from 480.78 ± 0.10 to 501.61 ± 0.38 kcal. Baking loss was lowest in case of muffins prepared with encapsulated squalene with its crumb region recorded higher moisture content. Color kinetics study indicated that browning index (BI) was higher in crust portion of encapsulated squalene enriched muffins. Scanning electron micrographs showing that muffins with encapsulated squalene had stronger structural organization. This was further supported by the textural studies showed that the muffins with encapsulated squalene was cohesive, springier and chewy with less gumminess and stiffness indicating their efficacy in improving the textural quality. Oxidative stability and microbiological quality were also high in squalene enriched foods suggesting that squalene might have some antimicrobial effects. Outcome of the study indicated that encapsulated squalene can be very well utilised as a functional food ingredient in ready -to-eat functional foods. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s13197-020-04955-9).

This paper deals with the strength and mass loss of geopolymer concrete in comparison with conventional cement concrete after elevated temperature exposure. In this study, the coarse aggregates of the conventional geopolymer concrete are replaced partially (40%) with ferrochrome slag aggregates, to obtain the replacement mix of geopolymer concrete. The microstructure of geopolymer concrete was examined by XRD, X-ray tomography, and SEM and also discussed in this paper. The results concluded that after exposure at elevated temperature, the conventional cement concrete has a strength loss of about 18% higher than the geopolymer concrete. It was also noted that though replacement geopolymer mix exhibited the strength loss of 24.4% and mass loss of 1.35% higher than the conventional geopolymer mix, it had greater strength than conventional geopolymer mix, for most of the temperature ranges. Thus the replacement mix of geopolymer concrete behaves better than conventional geopolymer concrete, both at ambient and elevated temperature conditions.

Copper is released into the aquatic environment as a consequence of anthropogenic activities such as mining and runoffs of copper-containing pesticides and fertilisers. This may pose a threat to th...

Object-based image analysis is an important task in image processing. For the extraction of an accurate object, segmentation plays a vital role. The major problem raised with image segmentation is over segmentation, which can be corrected using superpixel based image segmentation. Superpixel generation is affected by the divergent distribution of pixel intensity values while acquiring the image. To overcome this problem, a novel colorization method is proposed as a preprocessing technique to enhance superpixel generation. Colorization transforms image into unique intensity values with particular color. Quantitative evaluation of experimental results yields promising accuracy, for the proposed approach.

Satellite imaging has numerous applications in several fields such as urban planning, disaster detection and recovery, agriculture development, 3D GIS, and many more. One of the major challenges of satellite imaging is to extract the building footprints that are vital for disaster planning and recovery. Existing algorithms retain quantitative scores; however, they fail to preserve shape of building footprint. To address this problem, we propose here a building footprint extraction algorithm from satellite images; our objective is to formulate the building pixels in an efficient way, exploiting eccentricity parameter, in order to extract the exact shape of buildings. The proposed hybrid approach comprises of superpixel generation and parameterization such as axis ratio, eccentricity, color, and segment area which have been used to extract the true building footprint. The qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can extract the building footprint more efficiently over other existing methods, in terms of correctness, completeness, and F-measure. In addition, we also evaluate the Dice similarity coefficients of extracted building footprints, which shows the influence of color parameter for effective extraction providing better results.

COVID-19 has emerged as global pandemic with largest damage to the public health, economy and human psyche.The genome sequence data obtained during the ongoing pandemic are valuable to understand the virus evolutionary patterns and spread across the globe. Increased availability of genome information of circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains in India will enable the scientific community to understand the emergence of new variants and their impact on human health. The first case of COVID-19 was detected in Chambal region of Madhya Pradesh state in mid of March 2020 followed by multiple introduction events and expansion of cases within next three months. More than 5000 COVID-19 suspected samples referred to Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh were analyzed during the nation -wide lockdown and unlock period. A total of 136 cases were found positive over a span of three months that included virus introduction to the region and its further spread. Whole genome sequences employing Oxford nanopore technology were generated for 26 SARS-CoV-2 circulating in 10 different districts in Madhya Pradesh state of India. This period witnessed index cases with multiple travel histories responsible for introduction of COVID-19 followed by remarkable expansion of virus. The genome wide substitutions including in important viral proteins were identified. The detailed phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulating SARS-CoV-2 clustered in multiple clades including A2a, A4 and B. The cluster-wise segregation was observed, suggesting multiple introduction links and subsequent evolution of virus in the region. This is the first comprehensive whole genome sequence analysis from central India, which revealed the emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during thenation-wide lockdown and unlock.

In the present study, dietary fibre incorporated functional sausage was prepared by optimising the ingredients viz . tuna mince, wheat and oats dietary fibre using response surface methodology. D-optimal mixture response surface experimental design with 13 runs was formulated for the development of dietary fibre incorporated tuna sausage. The optimum combinations of sausage were found to be 62.5% fish mince, 2.5% wheat and 5% oats fibre and 66.8% fish mince and 1.6% of oats and wheat fibre each. The quality evaluation of combination sausage prepared at optimum conditions along with control sample was carried out based on biochemical, physical and sensory parameters during storage in chilled condition at 2°C. Storage stability studies of the optimised sausage samples indicated a shelf life of 14 days under chilled conditions. Multivariate statistical control charts based on T 2 and PSE statistics were developed to monitor quality variations during storage. Keywords: Dietary fibre, Multivariate statistical profile, Response surface methodology, T 2 and PSE statistics, Tuna sausage

Electrochemical sensor for the determination of Vitamin B 12 was fabricated using a disposable pencil graphite electrode. The main highlight of this work is that without any electrode modification and analyte pre-concentration, direct electrochemical detection of Vitamin B 12 was made possible. Morphological and structural studies were incorporated. Electrochemical studies were done using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Electrochemical reduction of Vitamin B 12 was observed at -0.82 V. Sensor exhibited a linear range of 2.5-30 nM with a sensitivity of 1.96 µA/nM/cm2. The viability of the sensor towards practical use was tested in commercial Vitamin B 12 tablet.

The aim of the study was to quantify the shelf life and quality characteristics of puffer fish, Lagocephalus guentheri, fillets on chilled storage at 2 ± 1°C. The puffer fish muscle contains 16.14%...

The power and delay play a vital role in the design of Integrated circuits(IC). Though, the scaling of transistors leads to reduction in size of IC, also results in short channel effects if the scaling is done beyond nanometer. These short channel effects make leakage power to increase and hence power. For reducing the short channel effects and to obtain low power dissipation, FinFETs are used. In this paper, an effort is made to design and simulate various digital logic circuits using FinFETs. For this, BSIM-CMG models of 22nm technology for FinFET are used and simulated in Cadence Virtuoso tool. Also, these circuits are compared in terms of power dissipation and delay with 45nm based digital logic circuits. From the results, it is observed that the power dissipation has reduced to a larger extent in 22nm FinFET technology when compared to 45nm CMOS technology.

Steel frames with column and beam connections welded together show brittle nature during earthquakes. According to previous researches, the major damages were the cracks developed in the welded portion between the beam flange and the face of the column. Such cracking results in accumulation of unwanted stresses in the welded region. Reduced Beam Section (RBS) method is an effective way to limit the accumulation of stress in the vicinity of beam column joint. Out of different advanced beam to column design approaches developed after the earthquakes in Northridge in 1994 and Kobe in 1995, the reduced beam section connection has proven satisfactory ductility levels in numerous tests. The use of RBS in beams to column connections results in the formation of plastic deformations at a certain distance from the beam column joint. In the present study new types of reduced beam sections have been modeled using ANSYS 16 software by trimming the beam flange in different pattern and is compared each other under cyclic behavior. The results obtained from this study have shown that the reduced beam section with same holes dissipates more energy than other type of connections.

Background: Among students worldwide, internet addiction is becoming a major problem. As the number of internet users continue to grow explosively, social networking too grows exponentially. Therefore, it is important to study internet behaviour patterns. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of internet usage, addiction among medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 227 medical students. Students aged between 17-24 years was selected by simple random sampling technique from the college. A self-administered questionnaire was used. It includes questions pertaining to sociodemographic status, attitude, practice based and Young’s internet addiction test.Results: The prevalence of internet addiction was 59%.113 (49.8%) students were average online users (mild addiction), 19 (8.4%) students were experiencing occasional and frequent problems (moderate addiction) and 2 (0.8%) severely addicted students Most of the study population initiated internet use between the ages of 16 -18 years, 89 (39%). Our study revealed that 196 (86.3%) students were using internet for educational purposes, 135 (59.5%) for entertainment and 189 (83.2%) for socialising. Headache was the commonest health problem 102 (44%) followed by sleep disturbances in 40 (17.6%), back pain in 14 (6.1%) and anxiety, stress, visual difficulties in 29 (15%) students.Conclusions: This research provides an insight into the current trend towards usage of the internet for academic as well as non-academic purposes among medical students. Health issues are a long term concern which need to be addressed on a war footing. Ergonomically placed interventional strategies are pertinent as a primary level of prevention.

Background: Wells are a common ground water source readily explored to meet community water requirement. Open wells of Kerala have the problem of bacterial contamination, which causes diarrhea diseases especially in children. Close proximity of well to septic tank, waste pit and cattle shed can be considered as a leading cause of contamination of water. The present study had gone into the details of dependence of dug well, possible source of contamination and protective measures taken for drinking water safely by various households in both urban and rural population.Methods: Cross sectional study design applied in order to address the objectives of the study. Using systematic random sampling techniques 80 households were selected from urban and rural areas. Pretested interview schedule were used as the data collection tool.Results: 100% of households are depending on dug well for all their use like drinking, cooking, cleaning etc. 95% households treat water and among them 93.4% boil water before drinking. 40% of houses followed well protection measures. Significant association was found between urban and rural set-up in the distance of well from septic tank (p value is 0.004

Pulsed laser deposited barium tungstate films with different Tb3+ doping concentrations are prepared on quartz substrates. Their structural, morphological and optical properties are studied. All the films exhibit monoclinic crystalline structure with preferred direction of crystal growth along . Raman spectra of the films exhibit characteristic modes of WO42− ions. UV–visible spectra show that with increase in Tb3+ doping concentration, average transmittance increases and bandgap energy decreases. Surface morphology of the films with low doping concentration show distribution of fairly well defined larger grains and agglomerated grain growth is observed for films with higher doping concentration. Photoluminescence spectrum of pure BaWO4 film shows emission around 414 nm. The Tb3+doped films under an excitation wavelength of 270 nm exhibit intense peak around 488 nm originating from the 5D4→7F6 intra-shell transitions in Tb3+ ions. Excitation wavelength 335 nm reveals another peak around 545 nm arising from the 5D4→7F5 transition in Tb3+ ions. Ellipsometric analysis shows that the refractive index of films is in the range1.25–1.92 at 550 nm. The thickness of the films obtained from lateral FESEM images and ellipsometry are very close to each other.

A mixed metal oxide modified electrode has been employed for the voltammetric determination of neurotransmitter serotonin in the presence of dopamine. The electrode was morphologically and electrochemically characterized using scanning electron microscope and cyclic voltammetry respectively. Differential pulse voltammetry were performed to measure the serotonin concentration at the electrode surface. A dynamic linear range of 0.2-52 μm was obtained. Viability of the sensor was tested in blood sample.

An electrochemical sensor facilitating the electro oxidation of the immunosuppressant, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on pencil graphite electrode (PGE) has been developed. The electrochemical characteristics of the electrode was evaluated by virtue of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The PGE was characterized by XRD analysis and FE-SEM before and after the electrooxidation of MMF at the electrode. CV of MMF exhibited two irreversible oxidation peaks at about 0.66 V and 0.84 V. In the DPV studies, two linear ranges were observed towards the determination of MMF concentration from 20 nM – 300nM and 300 - 1000 nMin 0.1M phosphate buffer with pH 6. The limit of detection of the sensor was estimated to be 1.80nM. The proposed sensor exhibited acceptable selectivity for quantifying the MMF in pharmaceutical dosage forms and urine samples.