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1. Pro-atherogenic postprandial profile: Meal-induced changes of lipoprotein sub-fractions and inflammation markers in obese boys

Author

Claudio Maffeis, Elena Fornari, Mg Surano, Leonardo Pinelli, Alberto Zambon, Daniela Vianello, S. Cordioli, Massimiliano Corradi, and S. Gasperotti

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Male, obesity, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine (miscellaneous), Diet, High-Fat, Absorptiometry, Photon, children, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Insulin, Lipoprotein oxidation, Child, lipoprotein, inflammation, Meals, Triglycerides, Meal, Cross-Over Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Feeding Behavior, Postprandial Period, medicine.disease, Obesity, Diet, Endocrinology, Postprandial, Area Under Curve, Saturated fatty acid, Energy Intake, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Body mass index, Biomarkers, Lipoprotein
Abstract

Obesity is a pro-atherogenic condition and postprandial lipoprotein profile and circulating cytokines changes may contribute to promote the process. The aim of this study is to investigate postprandial metabolic response, lipoprotein oxidation and circulating cytokine levels, after the ingestion of two different meals with different fat/carbohydrate ratio.Ten prepubertal obese boys consumed two meals with the same energy and protein content but with a different carbohydrate to fat ratio: 1) moderate fat (MF): 61% carbohydrate, 27% fat; 2) high fat (HF): 37% carbohydrate, 52% fat. The AUC of glucose and insulin were significantly (p0.05) lower after the HF meal. HF meal was followed by a significant decrease in the cholesterol carried in the HDL fractions, while cholesterol in the small, dense LDL and in the VLDL particles increased, as compared to baseline (p0.05 for all). No differences were found in the cholesterol distribution after the MF meal. Moreover, HDL-C concentration was lower (p0.05) at 300 min after HF vs. MF meal. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) concentration increased after the HF meal but not after the MF meal [9.3(2.2) vs 1.8(2.2)% from baseline, P0.02)]. A positive association (r0.3, P0.05) was observed between the densest LDL particles and the ox-LDL plasma levels. A reduction of IL-6 was found at 120 min after the MF [-23.3(5.5) vs -8.4(3.8)% from baseline, P0.05)] compared with the HF meal.A simple change of ≈25% of energy load from fat to carbohydrate in a meal significantly improves postprandial pro-atherogenic factors in obese boys.

Published
2012
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2. 101 PRO-ATHEROGENIC POSTPRANDIAL PROFILE: MEAL INDUCED CHANGES OF LIPOPROTEIN SUB-FRACTIONS AND INFLAMMATION MARKERS IN OBESE BOYS

Author

Alberto Zambon, S. Cordioli, S. Gasperotti, C. Maffeis, M. Carlon, Daniela Vianello, L. Pinelli, and Mg Surano

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Meal, business.industry, Inflammation, General Medicine, Postprandial, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Lipoprotein
Published
2011
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3. A high-fat vs. a moderate-fat meal in obese boys: nutrient balance, appetite, and gastrointestinal hormone changes.

Author

Maffeis C, Surano MG, Cordioli S, Gasperotti S, Corradi M, and Pinelli L

Subjects
Area Under Curve, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Dietary Fats metabolism, Humans, Male, Nutritive Value, Obesity physiopathology, Postprandial Period physiology, Appetite drug effects, Dietary Carbohydrates metabolism, Dietary Fats pharmacology, Energy Metabolism drug effects, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 blood, Obesity metabolism, Triglycerides blood
Abstract

Meal composition is a contributing factor to fat gain. In this study, we investigated the relationship between postprandial nutrient balance, satiety, and hormone changes induced by a high-fat meal vs. a moderate-fat meal. Ten prepubertal obese boys (BMI z-score range: 1.3-3.0) were recruited. Two meals (energy: 590 kcal) were compared: (i) high-fat (HF) meal: 12% protein, 52% fat, 36% carbohydrates; (ii) moderate-fat (MF) meal: 12% protein, 27% fat, 61% carbohydrates. Pre- and postprandial (5 h) substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry), appetite (visual analogue scale), biochemical parameters and gastrointestinal hormone concentrations were measured. Carbohydrate balance was significantly (P < 0.001) lower (31.3 (5.7) g/5 h vs. 66.9 (5.9) g/5 h) and fat balance was significantly (P < 0.001) higher (11.5 (3.3) g/5 h vs. -0.7 (2.9) g/5 h) after HF than MF meal. Appetite (area under the curve (AUC)) was significantly reduced after an MF than an HF meal (494 (55) cm.300 min vs. 595 (57) cm.300 min, P < 0.05). Postprandial triglyceride concentration (AUC) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher after an HF than an MF meal: 141.1 (30.3) mmol.300 min/l vs. 79.3 (23.8) mmol.300 min/l, respectively. Peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), and ghrelin concentrations (AUC) were not significantly different after an HF and MF meal. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher after an HF than after an MF meal (72.3 (9.8) ng/ml vs. 22.7 (7.6) ng/ml, respectively), but it did not affect subjective appetite. In conclusion, an MF meal induced a better postprandial metabolic nutrient balance, triglyceride levels, and appetite suppression than an HF meal. Gastrointestinal hormones were not related to clinically assessed hunger suppression after both meals.

Published
2010
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