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Different flow characteristics namely sequent depth ratio, relative height of jump, relative energy loss, efficiency, relative length of jump and relative length of roller in suddenly expanding channel against inflow Froude number varying between 2 to 9 at different expansion ratios B1/B2 (0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.8) as third variable are experimentally studied. Physical explanations of the variation of these characteristics with Froude number are discussed based on the results from experiments. Empirical models are proposed for all the six characteristics for rectangular and suddenly expanding channels using Buckingham π-method which gives quite satisfactory results when compared with other researchers result. Effectiveness of baffle blocks and sills (with different configurations) were also discussed in dissipating maximum energy. Due weightage has been given to Froude and Reynold’s number in present study as reported literature as well. As a result, baffle block and sills caused a significant improvement in sequent depth ratio by an amount of 30%, reduction in relative length of jump ratio and relative length of the roller by an amount of 38% and 37% respectively. Hence, energy dissipation increases due to appurtenances.

Studies on chromosomal status are a fundamental aspect of plant cytogenetics and breeding because changes in number, size, and shape of chromosomes determine plant physiology/performance. Despite its significance, the classical cytogenetic study is now frequently avoided because of its tedious job. In general, root meristems are used to study the mitotic chromosome number, even though the use of root tips was restricted because of sample availability, processing, and lack of standard protocols. Moreover, to date, a protocol using shoot tips to estimate chromosome number has not yet been achieved for tree species’ germplasm with a large number of accessions, like mulberry (Morus spp.). Here, we provide a step-by-step, economically feasible protocol for the pretreatment, fixation, enzymatic treatment, staining, and squashing of meristematic shoot tips. The protocol is validated with worldwide collections of 200 core set accessions with a higher level of ploidy variation, namely diploid (2n = 2x = 28), triploid (2n = 3x = 42), tetraploid (2n = 4x = 56), hexaploid (2n = 6x = 84), and decosaploid (2n = 22x = 308) belonging to nine species of Morus spp. Furthermore, accession from each ploidy group was subjected to flow cytometry (FCM) analysis for confirmation. The present protocol will help to optimize metaphase plate preparation and estimation of chromosome number using meristematic shoot tips of tree species regardless of their sex, location, and/or resources.

Graphene oxide (GO)-a carbon allotrope is widely used in aptamer generation process called SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) and efficiently adsorbs non-target specific ssDNA onto its surface during the partitioning step of SELEX. The amount of GO required to adsorb ssDNA is high that imposes new challenges. Here, we have demonstrated graphene nanoplatelets (GrNP) that can be exploited with less material for efficient partitioning. Further, we have compared the non-target specific ssDNA adsorption on graphene oxide (GO), and graphene nanoplatelets (GrNP) and fabricated the “partitioning cartridge” for efficient separation of target (Monocrotophos and Endosulfan) bound-ssDNA from unbound ssDNA (non-target specific). To fabricate the partitioning cartridge, the spin column was utilized from common molecular biology lab waste. The fabricated “partition cartridge” alienated the target bound ssDNA efficiently and used further for polymerase chain reaction successfully. The fabricated partitioning cartridge is easy to fabricate, cost effective and recycles the plastic waste thus the environment friendly approach.

The posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that have wide variety of clinical and histological presentations. The management of PTLDs is challenging due to variety of involvement sites and histological types. The length and type of immunosuppression are correlated with the emergence of PTLDs, and most of the cases appear within the first two years after transplant. This case series describes five late-onset PTLDs with rare histological features and multiorgan involvement.

This paper initially discusses lumped equivalent models of narrowband (NB) antennas and then presents a technique to enhance isolation between UWB and NB antennas of the three antennas system. The proposed models are able to yield similar S-parameter performance as that of NB antennas at their resonant frequencies. Also, a good match is observed at other frequencies between the HFSS and AWR results. This paper reports an isolation enhancement technique using microstrip lines. The proposed approach enhances a minimum isolation of 11dB at respective resonant frequencies. This paper also reports lumped equivalent models of dual band reject filters (DBRFs). Proposed geometry is fabricated and tested. Experimental result shows an agreement between the simulated and measured results.

This article presents a novel, compact reflectarray antenna operating at 5 GHz. The array consists of two types of phasing element - square ring and complementary square ring. The complementary square ring is used for the phase values that are not covered by the single ring element. The grid size of the array is 0.28λ × 0.28λ at operating frequency 5 GHz that is much smaller than the conventional periodicity 0.5λ × 0.5λ. The aim of unit cell design is to have a slower slope of the reflection phase graph without sacrificing the phase range of 360° where in general there is a trade-off between these two goals. The maximum slope in reflection phase graph is obtained here is 34°/mm. The proposed array is fabricated on a low loss PTFE substrate of thickness 3.175 mm (0.053λ at 5 GHz) and illuminated by a horn antenna. Radiation pattern results show a very precised far-field beam with 3-dB beamwidth of 7° and 7.3° for two principle planes respectively. The gain of the antenna is 26 dBi at 5 GHz.

Breast metastases are a relatively rare condition and account for approximately 0.5–2% of all breast tumors. Recognition of metastatic tumors in the breast is important because it would prevent unnecessary mutilating surgery and would lead to appropriate treatment of the primary tumor. Breast metastases from medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) are very rare with only 21 reported cases in the literature. Some MTCs mimic primary invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast histopathologically and radiologically, making the distinction between the two diagnostically challenging. We present the case of a 45-year-old female presenting with a lump breast, which was later found out to be metastasis from medullary carcinoma thyroid.

Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is characterized by dilation of lymphatic vessels in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It presents as asymptomatic vesicles filled with lymphatic fluid giving characteristic frog spawn appearance, but does not progress into warty plaque. LC can also be divided into congenital and acquired form. The common sites are axillary folds, shoulder, upper arm, scrotum, penis, rectum, and vulva. It needs to be differentiated from certain common conditions such as herpes zoster, molluscum contagiosum, hemangioma, verruca vulgaris, and angiokeratoma. Surgical modality is the first choice of treatment. A case of a 5-year-old girl having verrucous plaque on the right knee joint diagnosed as LC is presented here.

Key message: Superior F1 mulberry genotypes with high leaf yield, quality, and moderate to high stability were identified for optimal and sub-optimal input conditions. Mulberry (Morus spp.) is a highly heterozygous, perennial tree widely grown for its foliage to feed monophagous silkworms (Bombyx mori L.) and fruits for human consumption across the globe. The present study evaluated twenty-one F1 mulberry genotypes for the selection of superior ones based on leaf yield, yield attributes, leaf quality, and stability over two years under optimal and sub-optimal input (irrigation and fertilizer) conditions. Based on pooled data analysis over four crop seasons, it was found that six mulberry genotypes, D16, D21, D22, D23, D28, and D67, had leaf yields (663–840 g/plant) statistically similar to or better than the Vishala check (663 g/plant) under optimal conditions. Similarly, under sub-optimal conditions, seven genotypes, D16, D21, D22, D23, D24, D28 and D34, showed significantly higher leaf yields (418–596 g/plant) than Vishala (415 g/plant). The δ13C (a surrogate trait of water-use efficiency) of five mulberry genotypes, D16, D21, D24, D28, and D34, varied from – 28.21 to – 28.98 and was similar to the AGB8 check (– 28.87). Total soluble sugar, protein, chlorophyll content, and the silkworm moulting percentage and single larval weight for the seven genotypes D16, D21, D22, D23, D24, D28, and D34 were statistically similar to or better than Vishala under both optimal and sub-optimal conditions. The additive main effects and the multiplicative interaction-based simultaneous selection index showed that these seven genotypes had moderate to high stability and high leaf-yielding ability over the seasons under both optimal and sub-optimal conditions. DNA fingerprint profiles of these selected genotypes have been developed for their molecular identification. Under this context, these seven genotypes might be further tested under advanced evaluation trials to identify the best one regarding leaf yield and quality under optimal and sub-optimal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multicomponent rare earth oxide (REO) nanocrystalline powders containing up to seven equiatomic rare earth elements were successfully synthesized in a single-phase CaF2-type (Fm-3 m) structure. The addition of more than six elements resulted in the formation of a secondary phase. Annealing at 1000°C for 1 h led to the formation of a single-phase (Ia-3) even in the 7-component system. In the absence of cerium (Ce4+), secondary phases were observed irrespective of the number of cations or the extent of thermal treatment indicating that cerium cations played a crucial role in stabilizing the multicomponent REOs into a phase pure structure.