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6 results on '"S. E., Nicholson"'

1. The carboxyl-terminal domains of gp130-related cytokine receptors are necessary for suppressing embryonic stem cell differentiation. Involvement of STAT3

Author

M, Ernst, U, Novak, S E, Nicholson, J E, Layton, and A R, Dunn

Subjects
STAT3 Transcription Factor, Cytoplasm, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit, Receptors, OSM-LIF, Transfection, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, src Homology Domains, Structure-Activity Relationship, Antigens, CD, Cytokine Receptor gp130, Humans, Phosphorylation, Receptors, Cytokine, Cells, Cultured, Lymphokines, Membrane Glycoproteins, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Interleukin-6, Stem Cells, Cell Differentiation, Oligonucleotides, Antisense, Growth Inhibitors, DNA-Binding Proteins, Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, Trans-Activators, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Cell type-specific responses to the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)/interleukin 6 cytokine family are mediated by dimerization of the LIF receptor alpha-chain (LIFRalpha) with the signal transducer gp130 or of two gp130 molecules followed by activation of the JAK/STAT and Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. In order to dissect the contribution of gp130 and LIFRalpha individually, chimeric molecules consisting of the extracellular domain of the granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor (GCSF-R) and various mutant forms of the cytoplasmic domains of gp130 or LIFRalpha were expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells to test for suppression of differentiation, or in a factor-dependent plasma cytoma cell line to assess for induction of proliferation. Carboxyl-terminal domains downstream of the phosphatase (SHP2)-binding sites were dispensable for mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and the transduction of proliferative signals. Moreover, carboxyl-terminal truncation mutants which lacked intact Box 3 homology domains showed decreased STAT3 activation, failed to induce Hck kinase activity and suppress ES cell differentiation. Moreover, STAT3 antisense oligonucleotides impaired LIF-dependent inhibition of differentiation. Substitution of the tyrosine residue within the Box 3 region of the GSCF-R abolished receptor-mediated suppression of differentiation without affecting the transduction of proliferative signals. Thus, distinct cytoplasmic domains within the LIFRalpha, gp130, and GCSF-R transduce proliferative and differentiation suppressing signals.

Published
1999

2. Distinct regions of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor are required for tyrosine phosphorylation of the signaling molecules JAK2, Stat3, and p42, p44MAPK

Author

S E, Nicholson, U, Novak, S F, Ziegler, and J E, Layton

Subjects
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1, STAT3 Transcription Factor, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3, Base Sequence, Molecular Sequence Data, Janus Kinase 2, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Models, Biological, Protein Structure, Tertiary, DNA-Binding Proteins, Structure-Activity Relationship, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, Trans-Activators, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Phosphorylation, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Signal Transduction
Abstract

The protein tyrosine kinases JAK1 and JAK2 are phosphorylated tyrosine after the interaction of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with its transmembrane receptor. So too is Stat3, a member of the STAT family of transcriptional activators thought to be activated by the JAK kinases. Truncated G-CSF receptor (G-CSF-R) mutants were used to determine the different regions of the cytoplasmic domain necessary for tyrosine phosphorylation of the signaling molecules JAK2, Stat3, and p42, p44MAPK. We have shown that G-CSF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and kinase activation of JAK2 requires the membrane proximal 57 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain. In contrast, maximal Stat3 tyrosine phosphorylation required amino acids 96 to 183 of the G-CSF-R cytoplasmic domain, Stat3 DNA binding could occur with a receptor truncated 96 amino acids from the transmembrane domain and containing a single tyrosine residue, but was reduced in comparison with the full-length receptor. Together with the tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3, this finding suggests that additional Stat3 does not appear to be required for proliferation. MAP kinase tyrosine phosphorylation correlated with both the proliferative response and JAK2 activation.

Published
1995

3. The growth of carcinogen-induced colon cancer in rats is inhibited by cimetidine

Author

W J, Adams, J A, Lawson, S E, Nicholson, T A, Cook, and D L, Morris

Subjects
Dimethylhydrazines, Chi-Square Distribution, Nuclear Proteins, 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine, Rats, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Antigens, Neoplasm, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, Colonic Neoplasms, Carcinogens, Animals, Female, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Cimetidine, Cell Division
Abstract

Colon cancer was induced in 40 Sprague Dawley rats using a 10-week course of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Twenty animals received cimetidine in their drinking water, commencing 5 weeks after concluding the course of DMH. After five weeks treatment of the animals were sacrificed and the colon and rectum excised. Tumours were assessed histologically for depth of invasion, inflammatory cell response and stained for Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), as a measure of tumour proliferative index. PCNA staining was measured using a computerized image analysis system. There were 25 tumours in the cimetidine treated group and 20 in controls. In the control group, 10% of the tumours were benign, 35% malignant polyps, 40% invading through submucosa and 15% invading through the bowel wall, as opposed to 40%, 44%, 8% and 8%, respectively in the cimetidine group (Chi squared test: P = 0.002). The mean proliferative index for control tumours was 27.9% and for the cimetidine tumours 23.1% t test: P = 0.002). It is concluded that cimetidine inhibits colon cancer cellular proliferation and slows early tumour invasion in this animal model.

Published
1993

4. Glucose repression of pigment production in atypical isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida responsible for goldfish ulcer disease

Author

K, Altmann, M, Marshall, S E, Nicholson, P J, Hanna, and N, Gudkovs

Subjects
Glucose, Carbohydrate Sequence, Molecular Sequence Data, Carbohydrates, Cyclic AMP, Aeromonas, Pigments, Biological, Disaccharides, Culture Media
Abstract

The effect of glucose and other carbohydrates on the pigmentation of three atypical isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida indicated that the addition of D-glucose at a concentration of 0.1% (w/v) or more, inhibited pigment production and caused a reduction in the size of colonies. The addition of cAMP reversed the inhibitory effects of D-glucose on pigment production.

Published
1992

5. Reply

Author

S. E. NICHOLSON and X. YIN

Subjects
Water Science and Technology
Published
1999

6. Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia

Author

Robert Mulvaney, Nicholas E. Graham, Sebastian Wagner, Mirko Severi, Steven J. Phipps, Narayan Prasad Gaire, Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist, Darrell S. Kaufman, Martina Braida, Anne-Marie Lézine, Jason E. Smerdon, Ignacio A. Mundo, Danny McCarroll, Brendan M. Buckley, Mariano S. Morales, Joelle Gergis, Joseph R. McConnell, Koh Yasue, Valerie Trouet, Stefan W. Grab, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Rochelle Graham, Moinuddin Ahmed, Edward R. Cook, Meloth Thamban, Henry F. Diaz, Eric J. Steig, David J. Nash, James W. C. White, Sharon E. Nicholson, Eduardo Zorita, Brian M. Chase, Jan Esper, Andrew Lorrey, Xuemei Shao, Andrew D. Moy, Dirk Verschuren, A. E. Viau, Duncan A. Christie, Quansheng Ge, Chris S. M. Turney, H. P. Borgaonkar, J. Fidel González-Rouco, Feng Shi, Asfawossen Asrat, Barbara Stenni, Jonathan G. Palmer, Tas van Ommen, Masaki Sano, Michael Sigl, Andrés Rivera, Antonio Lara, Ulf Büntgen, Mark A. J. Curran, Raphael Neukom, Bo Møllesøe Vinther, Ricardo Villalba, Mohammed Umer, Eugene R. Wahl, Martin Grosjean, Sami Hanhijärvi, Thorsten Kiefer, Jürg Luterbacher, Katsuhiko Kimura, Olga Solomina, Heinz Wanner, Paul J. Krusic, Lucien von Gunten, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, María Prieto, Ze-Xin Fan, Takeshi Nakatsuka, Timothy M. Shanahan, Atte Korhola, Nicholas P. McKay, Hans Oerter, Johannes P. Werner, Hugues Goosse, M., Ahmed, K. J., Anchukaiti, A., Asrat, H. P., Borgaonkar, Braida, Martina, B. M., Buckley, U., Büntgen, B. M., Chase, D. A., Christie, E. R., Cook, M. A. J., Curran, H. F., Diaz, J., Esper, Z. X., Fan, N. P., Gaire, Q., Ge, J., Gergi, J. F., González Rouco, H., Goosse, S. W., Grab, N., Graham, R., Graham, M., Grosjean, S. T., Hanhijärvi, D. S., Kaufman, T., Kiefer, K., Kimura, A. A., Korhola, P. J., Krusic, A., Lara, A. M., Lézine, F. C., Ljungqvist, A. M., Lorrey, J., Luterbacher, V., Masson Delmotte, D., Mccarroll, J. R., Mcconnell, N. P., Mckay, M. S., Morale, A. D., Moy, R., Mulvaney, I. A., Mundo, T., Nakatsuka, D. J., Nash, R., Neukom, S. E., Nicholson, H., Oerter, J. G., Palmer, S. J., Phipp, M. R., Prieto, A., Rivera, M., Sano, M., Severi, T. M., Shanahan, X., Shao, F., Shi, M., Sigl, J. E., Smerdon, O. N., Solomina, E. J., Steig, Stenni, Barbara, M., Thamban, V., Trouet, C. S. M., Turney, M., Umer, T., van Ommen, D., Verschuren, A. E., Viau, R., Villalba, B. M., Vinther, L., von Gunten, S., Wagner, E. R., Wahl, H., Wanner, J. P., Werner, J. W. C., White, K., Yasue, E., Zorita, Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique Georges Lemaître (UCL-ASTR), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Hydrologic Research Center, Paléoclimats, proxies, processus (PALEOPROXUS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Departamento de Geografia [Santiago], Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), and Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste

Subjects
010506 paleontology, PALAEOCLIMATE AND PALAEOCENOGRAPHY, Paleoclimate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Climate change, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 910 Geography & travel, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, Investigación Climatológica, Centennial, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 540 Chemistry, Paleoclimatology, Ice age, Earth temperature, Southern Hemisphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, CLIMATE SCIENCE, Atmosphere, Temperature, Little Ice Age, Medieval Warm Periods, Northern Hemisphere, Climatic changes, Scale (music), Climatology, Period (geology), 570 Life sciences, biology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Geology
Abstract

Past global climate changes had strong regional expression. To elucidate their spatio-temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia. The most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century. At multi-decadal to centennial scales, temperature variability shows distinctly different regional patterns, with more similarity within each hemisphere than between them. There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between AD 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth century. The transition to these colder conditions occurred earlier in the Arctic, Europe and Asia than in North America or the Southern Hemisphere regions. Recent warming reversed the long-term cooling; during the period AD 1971?2000, the area-weighted average reconstructed temperature was higher than any other time in nearly 1,400 years. Fil: Ahmed, Moinuddin. Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology. Department of Botany; Pakistán Fil: Anchukaitis, Kevin J.. Columbia University. Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory; Estados Unidos. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Estados Unidos Fil: Asrat, Asfawossen . Addis Ababa University. School of Earth Sciences; Etiopía Fil: Borgaonkar, Hemant P.. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology; India Fil: Braida, Martina . University of Trieste. Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze; Italia Fil: Buckley, Brendan M. . Columbia University. Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory; Estados Unidos Fil: Ulf Büntgen. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Suiza Fil: Chase, Brian M.. Université Montpellier. Département Paléoenvironnements et Paléoclimats (PAL); Francia. University of Bergen. Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion; Noruega Fil: Christie, Duncan A. . Universidad Austral de Chile. Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global; Chile. Universidad de Chile. Center for Climate and Resilience Research; Chile Fil: Cook, Edward R.. Columbia University. Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory; Argentina Fil: Curran, Mark A. J.. Australian Antarctic Division; Australia. University of Tasmania. Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre; Australia Fil: Diaz, Henry F. . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, ; Estados Unidos Fil: Esper, Jan. Johannes Gutenberg University. Department of Geography,; Alemania Fil: Fan, Ze-Xin . Chinese Academy of Sciences. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden ; China Fil: Gaire, Narayan P. . Nepal Academy of Science and Technology. Faculty of Science,; Nepal Fil: Ge, Quansheng. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, ; China Fil: Gergis, Joëlle. University of Melbourne. School of Earth Sciences; Australia Fil: González-Rouco, J Fidel. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Departamento Astrofísica y CC de la Atmósfera; España Fil: Goosse, Hugues. Université Catholique de Louvain. LemaitreCenter for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute; Bélgica Fil: Grab, Stefan W. . University of the Witwatersrand. School of Geography,Archaeology and Environmental Studies; Sudáfrica Fil: Graham, Nicholas. Hydrologic Research Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Graham, Rochelle . Hydrologic Research Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Grosjean, Martin . University of Bern. Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research & Institute of Geography; Suiza Fil: Hanhijärvi, Sami T.. University of Helsinki. Department of Environmental Sciences; Finlandia Fil: Kaufman, Darrell S.. Northern Arizona University. School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability; Estados Unidos Fil: Kiefer, Thorsten . International Project Office, Past Global Changes (PAGES); Suiza Fil: Kimura, Katsuhiko. Fukushima University. Department of Symbiotic System Science; Japón Fil: Korhola, Atte A.. University of Helsinki. Department of Environmental Sciences; Finlandia Fil: Krusic, Paul J.. Stockholm University. Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology; Suecia Fil: Lara, Antonio. Universidad Austral de Chile. Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global; Chile. Universidad de Chile. Center for Climate and Resilience Research; Chile Fil: Lézine, Anne-Marie. Université Pierre et Marie Curie. Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN); Francia Fil: Ljungqvist, Fredrik C.. Stockholm University. Department of History, ; Suecia Fil: Lorrey, Andrew M.. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., National Climate Centre Auckland; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Luterbacher, Jürg. Justus Liebig University. Department of Geography, Climatology, Climate Dynamics and Climate Change; Alemania Fil: Masson-Delmotte, Valérie . Laboratoire des Science du Climat et de l’Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette; Francia Fil: McCarroll, Danny. Swansea University. Department of Geography; Reino Unido Fil: McConnell, Joseph R.. Nevada System of Higher Education. Desert Research Institute; Estados Unidos Fil: McKay, Nicholas P.. Northern Arizona University. School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability; Estados Unidos Fil: Morales, Mariano Santos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Moy, Andrew D.. Australian Antarctic Division; Australia. University of Tasmania. Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre; Australia Fil: Mulvaney, Robert. British Antarctic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Mundo, Ignacio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Nakatsuka, Takeshi. Nagoya University. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; Japón Fil: Nash, David J.. University of the Witwatersrand. School of Geography,Archaeology and Environmental Studies; Sudáfrica. University of Brighton. School of Environment and Technology; Reino Unido Fil: Neukom, Raphael . Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Suiza Fil: Nicholson, Sharon E.. Florida State University. Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, ; Estados Unidos Fil: Oerter, Hans. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in the Helmholtz Association. Department of Glaciology; Alemania Fil: Palmer, Jonathan G.. University of Exeter. College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Reino Unido. University of New South Wales. Climate Change Research Centre; Australia Fil: Phipps, Steven J.. University of New South Wales. Climate Change Research Centre; Australia. University of New South Wales. ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science; Australia Fil: Prieto, Maria del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Rivera, Andres. Centro de Estudios Cientificos; Chile Fil: Sano, Masaki. Nagoya University. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; Japón Fil: Severi, Mirko. University of Florence. Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’; Italia Fil: Shanahan, Timothy M.. University of Texas at Austin. Jackson School of Geosciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Shao, Xuemei. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research; China Fil: Shi, Feng. Chinese Academy of Sciences. LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, ; China Fil: Sigl, Michael . Nevada System of Higher Education. Desert Research Institute,; Estados Unidos Fil: Smerdon, Jason E.. Columbia University. Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory; Estados Unidos Fil: Solomina, Olga N. . Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of Geography; Rusia Fil: Steig, Eric J.. University of Washington. Department of Earth and Space Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Stenni, Barbara. University of Trieste. Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze; Italia Fil: Thamban, Meloth. National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research; India Fil: Trouet, Valerie. University of Arizona. Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research; Estados Unidos Fil: Turney, Chris S.M.. University of New South Wales. Climate Change Research Centre; Australia Fil: Umer, Mohammed. Addis Ababa University. School of Earth Sciences; Etiopía Fil: van Ommen, Tas. Australian Antarctic Division; Australia. University of Tasmania. Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre; Australia Fil: Verschuren, Dirk. Ghent University. Department of Biology; Bélgica Fil: Viau, Andre E.. University of Ottawa. Department of Geography; Canadá Fil: Villalba, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Vinther, Bo M.. University of Copenhagen. Niels Bohr Institute; Dinamarca Fil: von Gunten, Lucien . Past Global Changes (PAGES). International Project Office, ; Suiza Fil: Wagner, Sebastian. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht. Institute for Coastal Research; Alemania Fil: Wahl, Eugene R.. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Climatic Data Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Wanner, Heinz. University of Bern. Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research & Institute of Geography; Suiza Fil: Werner, Johannes P.. Justus Liebig University. Department of Geography, Climatology, Climate Dynamics and Climate Change; Alemania Fil: White, James W.C.. University of Colorado. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research; Estados Unidos Fil: Yasue, Koh. Shinshu University. Department of Forest Science; Japón Fil: Zorita, Eduardo. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht. Institute for Coastal Research; Alemania

Published
2013

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