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Aims: Use a natural compound derived from cashew nut shell liquid to the production of an additive inhibitor of the oxidation of lubricants oils. Study Design:This article describes the syntheses, characterization and evaluation of the antioxidant action of a phosphorylated compound derivate from hydrogenated cardol (diphenyl phosphorylated-cardol).

The luminescencequenchingofexcitedTris(2,2-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)ionsby trans-[RuCl2{P(OR)3}4] complexeswithdifferentalkylchainligands(R ¼ C2H5, C2H5Cl, nC4H9, iC3H7 o-tolyland tC4H9) was investigated.NoneoftheacceptorRu(II)phosphitecomplexeswereluminescent,andtherateconstants of thebimolecularsystemweredeterminedwithintherangeof1.15and0.28108M1 s1 for R ¼ C2H5 and tC4H9, respectively.Theresultsindicateadirecteffectofthealkylchainsintherateconstants, showing adecreaseof kq as afunctionofincreasedofthealkylchains(R)intheruthenium(II) tetraphosphitecomplexes.ThegreatertheRgroupcontentinthephosphiteligand,themoredifficult the electrontransfer is.

The effects of three antioxidants on the oxidative stability of soybean biodiesel were studied using two techniques: Thermogravimetry (TG-DTG curves) and the Rancimat method. The onset (Tonset) and endset (Tendset) temperatures were determined from TG curves, the peak temperatures (Tpeak) were determined from DTG curves, and induction times were determined by the Rancimat method. The compounds butylated hydroxyl anisole (AO1), 2,6–di-tert-butyl-4–methylphenol (AO2) and the mixture 2,6–di-tert-butylphenol + 2,4,6–tri-tert-butylphenol (AO3) were studied and among the hindered phenols evaluated the AO1, AO2 and AO3 proved to protect the soybean biodiesel against thermo-oxidation process, and in the Rancimat method AO2 proved to be more effective than AO1 and AO3 for protection of the biodiesel against oxidation process in the conditions of the method.

Magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with biomolecules have received special attention due to their various biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and magnetic hyperthermia treatment for cancer. In this study, we present the synthesis and characterization of new nanoparticles coated with anacardic acid derived from cashew nut shell liquid. The results showed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with anacardic acid (AA-MAG) have superparamagnetic behavior and the magnetization is almost equal when compared with the pure Fe3O4. This coating provides stability by preventing the aggregation nanoparticles without losing its magnetization potential. The AA-MAG demonstrates excellent and fast magneto-temperature response which can be used as high-performance hyperthermia agents.

Cardanol is a natural and renewable organic raw material obtained as the major chemical component by vacuum distillation of cashew nut shell liquid. In this work a new sustainable procedure for producing cardanol-based micellar nanodispersions having an embedded lipophilic porphyrin itself peripherally functionalized with cardanol substituents (porphyrin-cardanol hybrid) has been described for the first time. In particular, cardanol acts as the solvent of the cardanol hybrid porphyrin and cholesterol as well as being the main component of the nanodispersions. In this way a "green" micellar nanodispersion, in which a high percentage of the micellar system is derived from renewable "functional" molecules, has been produced.

Samples of manganese–zinc (MnZn) ferrites were successfully prepared by hydrothermal syntheses using different compositions of the reactive system (H2O)1−x :(EG) x (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0), where EG = ethylene glycol. The samples were fully investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for both liquid and solid specimens, Mossbauer spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and transmission electron microscopy. All the MnZn ferrites presented spinel phase and average particle diameters between 3.1 and 12.1 nm. The increase in the x values results in a decrease in the particle sizes. The FTIR spectra performed in liquid phase showed significant interaction between EG and metallic precursors used in the synthesis. Magnetic features as for instance saturation magnetization (M S) also decreases upon increasing the x values. In addition, all synthesized samples exhibited a superparamagnetic character at room temperature. The experimental methodology presented in this work is used to obtain superparamagnetic nanoparticles with controlled size (smaller than 13 nm) and morphology.

Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with average size approximately 11 nm were first oleic acid coated to interact with the meso-porphyrin derivative from CNSL. This procedure produced a novel superparamagnetic fluorescent nanosystem (SFN) linked by van der Waals interactions. This system was characterized by transmission electron microscope, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, magnetic measurements, UV-Vis absorption, and fluorescence emission measurements. These results showed that SFN has good thermal stability, excellent magnetization, and nanosized dimensions (similar to 13 nm). It exhibited emission peaks at 668 and 725 nm with a maximum emission at 467 nm of excitation wavelength. The type of interaction between porphyrin and magnetic nanoparticles allowed to obtain a material with interesting optical properties which might be used as an imaging agent for contrast in cells as well as heterogeneous photocatalysis.

MZnFe2O4 (M = Ni or Mn) cubic nanoparticles have been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis in mild conditions and short time without any procedure of calcinations. The structural and magnetic properties of the mixed ferrites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray analysis showed peaks characteristics of the spinel phase. The average diameter of the nanoparticles observed by TEM measurements was approximately between 4 and 10 nm. Spectroscopy study of the spinel structure was performed based on Group Theory. The predicted bands were observed in FTIR and Raman spectrum. The magnetic parameters and Mossbauer spectroscopy were measured at room temperature and superparamagnetic behavior was observed for mixed ferrites. This kind of nanoparticles can be used as precursor in drug delivery systems, magnetic hyperthermia, ferrofluids, or magnetic imaging contrast agents.

A novel pre-polymer deriving from cardanol—a well known renewable organic resource and harmful by-product of the cashew industry—in combination with cellulose based materials (i.e. jute fibres) has been used to produce bio-composites having a high percentage of renewable materials. Cardanol and its derivatives are considered nowadays very attractive precursors to developing new materials from renewable bio-sources to use in eco-friendly processes. This paper deals with the synthesis and characterization of a novel cardanol based benzoxazine monomer used for the preparation of new bio-composites. The new cardanol-based benzoxazine was characterised by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopies and LC mass spectrometry analysis, while a differential scanning calorimeter was used to study and monitor the polymerization process. Different bio-composites have been obtained by thermal cure of jute fibres impregnated with a cardanol based benzoxazine resin.

The synthesis of new lipophilic meso-tetraarylporphyrins bearing cardanol is described; cardanol is both a dangerous pollutant and renewable, widely available, relatively low-cost natural material obtained as a byproduct of the cashew industry for the edible use of cashew kernel. Such compounds exhibited unusual chemical and physico-chemical properties. Copyright © 2004 Society of Porphyrins & Phthalocyanines.