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Rice husk is a by-product of rice milling process and are a major waste product of the agricultural industry. They have now become a great source as a raw biomass material for manufacturing value-added silicon composite products, including silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon tetrachloride, pure silicon, zeolite, fillers of rubber and plastic composites, adsorbent and support of catalysts. The bulk and true densities of raw rice husk with different moisture and sizes were determined. The rice husk was subjected to pyrolysis in fluidized-bed reactor in air or nitrogen atmosphere.

Recently, the polymer-metal complexes attracted the interest of many researchers due to their valuable electric, mechanical and thermal properties and the possibilities for their use as immobilized catalysts in various processes. The use of polymer carrier allows combining the properties of the matrix with the complex-forming ability of the ligands and reveals new perspectives for the design of new materials with an interesting complex of properties. Radiation initiated grafting is a wide field of polymer chemistry with numerous potential applications of industrial interest. 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) is a monomer polymerizing under initiation by radiation. The surface modification of polymer materials by radiation grafting of this monomer provides possibilities to prepare grafted polymers. Poly-4vinylpyridine (P4VP) and its copolymers are known for their versatility of the possible applications. The copolymer materials based on P4VP are used as membranes for retention of heavy metals [1–3], carriers for immobilization of biologically active substances [4], preparation of polymer adsorbents [5], polymer metal complexes with catalytically active centers [6–9] etc. The grafted poly-4-vinylpyridine forms stable complexes with transition metal ions and ions of metals of higher valence. The presence of nitrogen containing functional groups leads to formation of metal complexes when treated with solutions of heavy metal salts. The reactions of co-ordination of

Rice husks are an important by-product of the rice milling process and are a major waste product of the agricultural industry. Rice husks contain nearly 20 mass% silica, which is present in hydrated amorphous form. They have now become a great source of raw biomass material for manufacturing value-added silicon composite products, including silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon tetrachloride, magnesium silicide, pure silicon, zeolite, fillers of rubber and plastic composites, cement, adsorbent, and support of heterogeneous catalysts. The controlled burning or thermal degradation of the rice husks in air or nitrogen leads to the production of white rice husk ash (WRHA) or black rice husk ash (BRHA), respectively.