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1. The Double Chooz antineutrino detectors

Author: H. de Kerret, Y. Abe, C. Aberle, T. Abrahão, J. M. Ahijado, T. Akiri, J. M. Alarcón, J. Alba, H. Almazan, J. C. dos Anjos, S. Appel, F. Ardellier, I. Barabanov, J. C. Barriere, E. Baussan, A. Baxter, I. Bekman, M. Bergevin, A. Bernstein, W. Bertoli, T. J. C. Bezerra, L. Bezrukov, C. Blanco, N. Bleurvacq, E. Blucher, H. Bonet, M. Bongrand, N. S Bowden, T. Brugière, C. Buck, M. Buizza Avanzini, J. Busenitz, A. Cabrera, E. Caden, E. Calvo, L. Camilleri, R. Carr, S. Cazaux, J. M. Cela, M. Cerrada, P. J. Chang, P. Charon, E. Chauveau, P. Chimenti, T. Classen, A. P. Collin, E. Conover, J. M Conrad, S. Cormon, O. Corpace, B. Courty, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, M. Cribier, K. Crum, S. Cuadrado, A. Cucoanes, M. D’Agostino, E. Damon, J. V. Dawson, S. Dazeley, M. Dierckxsens, D. Dietrich, Z. Djurcic, F. Dorigo, M. Dracos, V. Durand, Y. Efremeko, M. Elnimr, A. Etenko, E. Falk, M. Fallot, M. Fechner, J. Felde, S. M. Fernandes, C. Fernández-Bedoya, D. Francia, D. Franco, V. Fischer, A. J. Franke, M. Franke, H. Furuta, F. Garcia, J. Garcia, I. Gil-Botella, L. Giot, A. Givaudan, M. Göger-Neff, H. Gomez, L. F. G. Gonzalez, L. Goodenough, M. C. Goodman, J. Goon, B. Gramlich, D. Greiner, A. Guertin, B. Guillon, S. M. Habib, Y. Haddad, T. Hara, F. X. Hartmann, J. Hartnell, J. Haser, A. Hatzikoutelis, D. Hellwig, S. Hervé, R. Hofacker, G. Horton-Smith, A. Hourlier, M. Ishitsuka, K. Jänner, S. Jiménez, J. Jochum, C. Jollet, F. Kaether, K. Kale, L. Kalousis, Y. Kamyshkov, M. Kaneda, D. M. Kaplan, M. Karakac, T. Kawasaki, E. Kemp, Y. Kibe, T. Kirchner, T. Konno, D. Kryn, T. Kutter, M. Kuze, T. Lachenmaier, C. E. Lane, C. Langbrandtner, T. Lasserre, C. Lastoria, L. Latron, C. Leonardo, A. Letourneau, D. Lhuillier, H. P. Lima, M. Lindner, J. M. López-Castaño, J. M. LoSecco, B. Lubsandorzhiev, S. Lucht, J. Maeda, C. N. Maesano, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, F. Marie, J. J. Martinez, J. Martino, T. Matsubara, D. McKee, F. Meigner, G. Mention, A. Meregaglia, J. P. Meyer, T. Miletic, R. Milincic, J. F. Millot, A. Minotti, V. Mirones, H. Miyata, Th. A. Mueller, Y. Nagasaka, K. Nakajima, D. Navas-Nicolás, Y. Nikitenko, P. Novella, L. Oberauer, M. Obolensky, A. Onillon, A. Oralbaev, I. Ostrovskiy, C. Palomares, S. J. M. Peeters, I. M. Pepe, S. Perasso, P. Perrin, P. Pfahler, A. Porta, G. Pronost, J. C. Puras, R. Quéval, J. L. Ramirez, J. Reichenbacher, B. Reinhold, M. Reissfelder, A. Remoto, D. Reyna, I. Rodriguez, M. Röhling, R. Roncin, N. Rudolf, B. Rybolt, Y. Sakamoto, R. Santorelli, F. Sato, U. Schwan, S. Schönert, S. Schoppmann, L. Scola, M. Settimo, M. A. Shaevitz, R. Sharankova, V. Sibille, J.-L. Sida, V. Sinev, D. Shrestha, M. Skorokhvatov, P. Soldin, J. Spitz, A. Stahl, I. Stancu, P. Starzynski, M. R. Stock, L. F. F. Stokes, M. Strait, A. Stüken, F. Suekane, S. Sukhotin, T. Sumiyoshi, Y. Sun, Z. Sun, R. Svoboda, H. Tabata, N. Tamura, K. Terao, A. Tonazzo, F. Toral, M. Toups, H. Trinh Thi, F. Valdivia, G. Valdiviesso, N. Vassilopoulos, A. Verdugo, C. Veyssiere, B. Viaud, D. Vignaud, M. Vivier, S. Wagner, C. Wiebusch, B. White, L. Winslow, M. Worcester, M. Wurm, J. Wurtz, G. Yang, J. Yáñez, F. Yermia, and K. Zbiri
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract This article describes the setup and performance of the near and far detectors in the Double Chooz experiment. The electron antineutrinos of the Chooz nuclear power plant were measured in two identically designed detectors with different average baselines of about 400 m and 1050 m from the two reactor cores. Over many years of data taking the neutrino signals were extracted from interactions in the detectors with the goal of measuring a fundamental parameter in the context of neutrino oscillation, the mixing angle $$\theta _{13}$$ θ 13 . The central part of the Double Chooz detectors was a main detector comprising four cylindrical volumes filled with organic liquids. From the inside towards the outside there were volumes containing gadolinium-loaded scintillator, gadolinium-free scintillator, a buffer oil and, optically separated, another liquid scintillator acting as veto system. Above this main detector an additional outer veto system using plastic scintillator strips was installed. The technologies developed in Double Chooz were inspiration for several other antineutrino detectors in the field. The detector design allowed implementation of efficient background rejection techniques including use of pulse shape information provided by the data acquisition system. The Double Chooz detectors featured remarkable stability, in particular for the detected photons, as well as high radiopurity of the detector components.
Published: 2022
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2. Moonraker -- Enceladus Multiple Flyby Mission

Author: O. Mousis, A. Bouquet, Y. Langevin, N. André, H. Boithias, G. Durry, F. Faye, P. Hartogh, J. Helbert, L. Iess, S. Kempf, A. Masters, F. Postberg, J.-B. Renard, P. Vernazza, A. Vorburger, P. Wurz, D. H. Atkinson, S. Barabash, M. Berthomier, J. Brucato, M. Cable, J. Carter, S. Cazaux, A. Coustenis, G. Danger, V. Dehant, T. Fornaro, P. Garnier, T. Gautier, O. Groussin, L. Z. Hadid, J.-C. Ize, I. Kolmasova, J.-P. Lebreton, S. Le Maistre, E. Lellouch, J. I. Lunine, K. E. Mandt, Z. Martins, D. Mimoun, Q. Nenon, G. M. Muñoz Caro, P. Rannou, H. Rauer, P. Schmitt-Kopplin, A. Schneeberger, M. Simons, K. Stephan, T. Van Hoolst, J. Vaverka, M. Wieser, L. Wörner, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Airbus Defence and Space [Les Mureaux], ASTRIUM, Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale [Roma La Sapienza] (DIMA), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Imperial College London, Institute of Geological Sciences [Berlin], Department of Earth Sciences [Berlin], Free University of Berlin (FU)-Free University of Berlin (FU), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Physics Institute [Bern], University of Bern, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna] (IRF), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Faculty of Aerospace Engineering [Delft], Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Prague] (IAP), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Faculty of Mathematics and Physics [Praha/Prague], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Department of Astronomy [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Centro de Quimica Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), and DLR Institute of Quantum Technologies
Subjects: 530 Physics, ISOTOPOLOGUES, MU-M, FOS: Physical sciences, Saturnian satellites, Astronomy & Astrophysics, moon, Enceladus, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Interdisciplinary astronomy, INTERIOR STRUCTURE, ION, Habitable planets, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), CALIBRATION, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Science & Technology, SPECTROSCOPY, GRAVITY-FIELD, 520 Astronomy, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften, Astronomy and Astrophysics, CASSINI, Astrobiology, 620 Engineering, PLUME, Geophysics, Saturn, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, MASS-SPECTROMETER, Physical Sciences, Ocean planets, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Enceladus, an icy moon of Saturn, possesses an internal water ocean and jets expelling ocean material into space. Cassini investigations indicated that the subsurface ocean could be a habitable environment having a complex interaction with the rocky core. Further investigation of the composition of the plume formed by the jets is necessary to fully understand the ocean, its potential habitability, and what it tells us about Enceladus' origin. Moonraker has been proposed as an ESA M-class mission designed to orbit Saturn and perform multiple flybys of Enceladus, focusing on traversals of the plume. The proposed Moonraker mission consists of an ESA-provided platform, with strong heritage from JUICE and Mars Sample Return, and carrying a suite of instruments dedicated to plume and surface analysis. The nominal Moonraker mission has a duration of 13.5 years. It includes a 23-flyby segment with 189 days allocated for the science phase, and can be expanded with additional segments if resources allow. The mission concept consists in investigating: i) the habitability conditions of present-day Enceladus and its internal ocean, ii) the mechanisms at play for the communication between the internal ocean and the surface of the South Polar Terrain, and iii) the formation conditions of the moon. Moonraker, thanks to state-of-the-art instruments representing a significant improvement over Cassini's payload, would quantify the abundance of key species in the plume, isotopic ratios, and physical parameters of the plume and the surface. Such a mission would pave the way for a possible future landed mission., Accepted for publication in The Planetary Science Journal
Published: 2022
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3. Circumplanetary disk ices

Author: N. Oberg, I. Kamp, S. Cazaux, P. Woitke, W. F. Thi, and Astronomy
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Protoplanetary disks, Accretion, Planets and satellites - formation, Methods: numerical, Planets and satellites - individual - Jupiter, Methods - numerical, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planets and satellites: composition, Planets and satellites: formation, Space and Planetary Science, Accretion disks, Planets and satellites: individual: Jupiter, Planets and satellites - composition, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The large icy moons of Jupiter formed in a circumplanetary disk (CPD). CPDs are fed by infalling circumstellar gas and dust which may be shock-heated upon accretion or sublimated while passing through an optically thin gap. Accreted material is then either incorporated into moons, falls into the planet, or is lost beyond the disk edge on relatively short timescales. If ices are sublimated during accretion onto the CPD we know there must be sufficient time for them to recondense or moons such as Ganymede or Callisto could not form. The chemical timescale to form sufficiently icy solids places a novel constraint on the dynamical behaviour and properties of CPDs. We use the radiation thermochemical code ProDiMo to analyze how the radial ice abundance evolves in CPDs. We consider different initial chemical conditions of the disk to explore the consequences of infalling material being inherited from the circumstellar disk or being reset to atomic conditions by shock-heating. We contrast the timescales of ice formation with those of viscous evolution and radial dust drift. Water ice can form very efficiently in the CPD from initially atomic conditions, as a significant fraction is efficiently re-deposited on dust grains within < 1 yr. Radial grain drift timescales are in general longer than those of ice formation on grains. Icy grains of size $a < 3$ mm retain their icy mantles while crossing an optically thin circumstellar disk gap at 5 au for $L_* < 10 $ L$_{\odot}$. Three-body reactions play an important role in water formation in the dense midplane condition of CPDs. The CPD midplane must be depleted in dust relative to the circumstellar disk by a factor 10-50 to produce solids with the ice to rock ratio of the icy Galilean satellites. The CPD snowline is not erased by radial grain drift, which is consistent with the compositional gradient of the Galilean satellites being primordial., 20 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2022

4. Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS) VII. Sulfur elemental abundance

Author: A. Fuente, P. Rivière-Marichalar, L. Beitia-Antero, P. Caselli, V. Wakelam, G. Esplugues, M. Rodríguez-Baras, D. Navarro-Almaida, M. Gerin, C. Kramer, R. Bachiller, J. R. Goicoechea, I. Jiménez-Serra, J. C. Loison, A. Ivlev, R. Martín-Doménech, S. Spezzano, O. Roncero, G. Muñoz-Caro, S. Cazaux, and N. Marcelino
Subjects: ISM: kinematics and dynamics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Stars: formation, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Stars: low-mass, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, ISM: abundances, ISM: molecules, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrochemistry
Abstract: Gas phase Elemental abundances in molecular CloudS (GEMS) is an IRAM 30m large program aimed at determining the elemental abundances of carbon (C), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) in a selected set of prototypical star-forming filaments. In particular, the elemental abundance of S remains uncertain by several orders of magnitude and its determination is one of the most challenging goals of this program. We have carried out an extensive chemical modeling of the fractional abundances of CO, HCO$^+$, HCN, HNC, CS, SO, H$_2$S, OCS, and HCS$^+$ to determine the sulfur depletion toward the 244 positions in the GEMS database. These positions sample visual extinctions from A$_V$ $\sim$ 3 mag to $>$50 mag, molecular hydrogen densities ranging from a few 10$^3$~cm$^{-3}$ to 3$\times$10$^6$~cm$^{-3}$, and T$_k$ $\sim$ 10$-$35 K. Most of the positions in Taurus and Perseus are best fitted assuming early-time chemistry, t=0.1 Myr, $\zeta_{H_2}$$\sim$ (0.5$-$1)$\times$10$^{-16}$ s$^{-1}$, and [S/H]$\sim$1.5$\times$10$^{-6}$. On the contrary, most of the positions in Orion are fitted with t=1~Myr and $\zeta_{H_2}$$\sim$ 10$^{-17}$ s$^{-1}$. Moreover, $\sim$40% of the positions in Orion are best fitted assuming the undepleted sulfur abundance, [S/H]$\sim$1.5$\times$10$^{-5}$. Our results suggest that sulfur depletion depends on the environment. While the abundances of sulfur-bearing species are consistent with undepleted sulfur in Orion, a depletion factor of $\sim$20 is required to explain those observed in Taurus and Perseus. We propose that differences in the grain charge distribution in the envelopes of the studied clouds might explain these variations. The shocks associated with past and ongoing star formation could also contribute to enhance [S/H] in Orion., Comment: 22 pages, 15 figures, Astronomy and Astrophysics, in press
Published: 2022
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5. Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS)

Author: A. Fuente, D. G. Navarro, P. Caselli, M. Gerin, C. Kramer, E. Roueff, T. Alonso-Albi, R. Bachiller, S. Cazaux, B. Commercon, R. Friesen, S. García-Burillo, B. M. Giuliano, J. R. Goicoechea, P. Gratier, A. Hacar, I. Jiménez-Serra, J. Kirk, V. Lattanzi, J. C. Loison, J. Malinen, N. Marcelino, R. Martín-Doménech, G. Muñoz-Caro, J. Pineda, M. Tafalla, B. Tercero, D. Ward-Thompson, and S. P. Treviño
Published: 2019
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6. Thermo-Mechanical Measurements on Impregnated Cu-NbTi Cable Stacks and on a Coil Mock-Up of the R3B-GLAD Magnet

Author: F Pottier, O Louchart, S. Cazaux, B. Gastineau, C. Mayri, Z. Sun, and L Branthome
Subjects: Rutherford cable, Materials science, Electromagnetic coil, Magnet, Superconducting magnet, Cryogenics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical conductor, Cooling down, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Conductor
Abstract: The Cu-NbTi conductor for the R3B-GLAD spectrometer magnet was manufactured. In order to correctly know the thermo-mechanical behavior of this Rutherford cable after insulation and then impregnation, some impregnated cable stacks have been submitted to mechanical tests at room and cryogenic temperatures. The analysis of these measurements will be presented and compared to a theoretical approach. A half-scale mock-up of a real coil was built with the final conductor. After its cooling down to 80 K, the measurements have given the thermal shrinkage coefficients of this coil in the three directions. They confirmed the really orthotropic behavior of these composite coils. The method and the analysis of these measurements are presented.
Published: 2010
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7. The Final Design of the R3B-GLAD Cold Mass Assembly and Manufacturing Status

Author: S. Cazaux, G. Disset, M. Massinger, A. Dael, Jianli Wang, Patrick Graffin, Z. Sun, Loris Scola, F. Nunio, J P Lottin, C. Pes, P. Daniel-Thomas, C. Mayri, B. Gastineau, and Astronomy
Subjects: Physics, Test station, Nuclear engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Cryogenics, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field, Dipole, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, Magnet, Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Helium
Abstract: The R3B-GLAD (GSI Large Acceptance superconducting Dipole) magnet provides the magnetic field needed for the R3B (Reaction studies with Radioactive Relativistic Beams) experiment which will be implemented on the future FAIR Facility (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research). There are six trapezoidal racetrack coils for the R3B-GLAD magnet. Two main coils and four lateral coils are connected in series in a butterfly-like shape. The total weight of the six coils is 5.2 t. The cold mass assembly consists of coils, coil-casings, structural linking components and other non-structural components. The cold mass assembly weighs 22 t with envelope dimensions of 3.1 m (L) × 4.6 m (W) × 2.8 m (H). It is supported by the three cold to warm cryogenic supports. The magnet configuration was finalized in June 2008. The final cold mass design was accomplished end of July 2008. The manufacturing of the cold mass assembly has been launched since January 2009. The cold mass will be ready for test in the test station at CEA Saclay by the end of 2010. This paper gives an overview on the final design of the R3BGLAD cold mass assembly and manufacturing status.
Published: 2010
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8. Measurements of the Lorentz angle with a Micromegas detector in high transverse magnetic fields

Author: J. Ball, E. Delagnes, S. Aune, S. Lhenoret, S. Procureur, M. El Yakoubi, A. Mohamed, F. Sabatié, S. Cazaux, O. Meunier, P. Konczykowski, and C. Lahonde-Hamdoun
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Argon, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Solenoid, MicroMegas detector, Electron, Magnetic field, Optics, chemistry, Electric field, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: We measured the Lorentz angle in an argon + 10 % isobutane mixture using a Micromegas detector placed inside the CLAS-DVCS solenoid of Hall B at the Jefferson Laboratory. The primary goal of these tests was to validate Magboltz-based simulations developed for the implementation of Micromegas bulk detectors in the Central Tracker of the future CLAS12 spectrometer. We used a UV laser to extract electrons from the drift electrode of the detector. After amplification, the electrons were collected on the readout strips and the signals recorded. The difference of position observed between runs with and without magnetic field provided a direct measurement of the Lorentz angle. Scans in the drift electric field were performed for the first time in very high magnetic fields, up to 4.2 T, and a good agreement was observed with the Magboltz predictions.
Published: 2010
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9. Mechanical Behavior of the Cold Mass Assembly of the R3B-GLAD Magnet

Author: Z. Sun, C. Mayri, M. Massinger, F. Nunio, C. Pes, P. Daniel-Thomas, Patrick Graffin, B. Gastineau, and S. Cazaux
Subjects: Physics, Electromagnet, Nuclear engineering, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Dipole magnet, Electromagnetic coil, Electrical equipment, Magnet, Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Magnetic dipole
Abstract: The R3B-GLAD magnet is a large acceptance superconducting dipole magnet. It provides the magnetic field needed for the R3B (Reaction studies with Radioactive Relativistic Beams) experiment which will be implemented on the future FAIR Facility (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research). The cold mass structure of the magnet is designed to hold the six superconducting coils in position and to resist high level magnetic forces. The cold mass assembly consists of coils, coil casings and linking components. It is supported by the three cold to warm supports. It weighs about 20 tons with envelope dimensions of 3 rm(rL) X 5 rm(rW) X 3 rm(rH). Engineering design of the cold mass structure has been carried out through extensive finite element analyses. This paper gives an overview on the mechanical behavior of the cold mass assembly during energizing phase and cool-down phase.
Published: 2008
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10. Introducing the CTA concept

Author: A. Mathieu, R. G. Wagner, K. Panagiotidis, S Rosier Lees, Julien Rousselle, M. Gómez Berisso, Michela Uslenghi, Stephen Maxfield, R. C. Shellard, Ivica Puljak, T. Le Flour, Thomas Schanz, Tobias C. Walther, Juanan Aguilar, Pierre Colin, M. Chikawa, N. Fouque, Mosè Mariotti, G. Fontaine, Merja Tornikoski, V. Diez-Blanco, Enrico Giro, A. Krepps, G. Koss, J. M. Martin, Sergio Billotta, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Keitaro Takahashi, S. Buson, P. Brook, S. Steiner, M. Dyrda, Joseph Silk, Sera Markoff, P. Lubinski, U. Schwanke, Sauvik Bhattacharyya, J. Ripken, T. Haubold, C. Zurbach, H. Wetteskind, R. Hermel, J. Darling, J. Nicolau-Kukliński, Konstancja Satalecka, M. Videla, Stefan Funk, P. Conconi, S. Bajtlik, Lukasz Stawarz, J. M. Paredes, K. Reitberger, Stefan Wagner, Teresa Mineo, David Kieda, G. Pareschi, Shigeto Kabuki, Makoto Sawada, Antonio Stamerra, Rodolfo Canestrari, N. Baby, G. Crimi, P. Kostka, J. Grube, R. Zanin, I. K. Kominis, L. Mc Comb, R. Sternberger, M. Fesquet, M. Tokarz, David Fink, Daniela Dorner, N. Hamer Heras, A. Moralejo Olaizola, M. de Naurois, Diego F. Torres, Claes Fransson, K. Nishijima, Yutaka Fujita, L. Fresnillo, B. García, R. Kossakowski, A. Masserot, H. von Gunten, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Ciro Bigongiari, A. Saggion, G. Papyan, I. Mrusek, K. Farakos, J. Michałowski, A. Franckowiak, Fernando Martinez, M. Doert, R. Wawrzaszek, Michele Doro, L. Sapozhnikov, Claudia Lavalley, D. Thuermann, A.A. Zdziarski, Cristina Knapic, Karen Byrum, N. Neyroud, Petr Schovanek, W. Domainko, D. Kastana, E. Birsin, Adrian Biland, F. Sánchez, Alexandre Marcowith, M. Errando, R. L. C. Starling, J. Schultze, A. Weinstein, B. B. Singh, Yassir Moudden, Jelena Aleksić, C. L. Naumann, V. Waegebaert, M. Shayduk, U. F. Katz, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, M. Schroedter, A. Vollhardt, O. Reimann, Hideyuki Ohoka, Vincenzo Testa, C. Jablonski, Tsuguya Naito, J. Schäfer, Stavros Maltezos, A. Wierzcholska, P. Wawer, L. Nellen, F. Mirabel, Tatsuo Yoshida, P. H. Carton, Nina Nowak, L. Platos, Riccardo Rando, P. P. Krueger, R. Wischnewski, W. Romaszkan, E. Fede, Martino Marisaldi, Markus Gaug, Richard Willingale, J. H. Buckley, U. De AlmeidaBarres, J. Knapp, Saverio Lombardi, D. della Volpe, A. Herrero, A. Bottani, E. Delagnes, Martin J. Hardcastle, C. Morello, Anna Lipniacka, T. Greenshaw, M. Renaud, Giancarlo Cusumano, Jonathan Biteau, M. Sowiński, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, T. B. Humensky, Michael G. Richer, G. Parks, G. Grasseau, H. Baba, Gino Tosti, Damir Lelas, H. Krawzcynski, David Paneque, M. Barcelo, R. Dickherber, P. Ferrando, Shinji Hara, D. Florin, Hideaki Katagiri, T. Shibata, Fuyuki Tokanai, N. A. McCubbin, J. Gomez-Ortega, D. Nakajima, A. Liolios, P. Laporte, Orjan Dale, A. Sillanpää, Dainis Dravins, Timothée Grégoire, Nu. Komin, A. Mihailidis, L. Sidoli, Shiu-Hang Lee, A. W. Chen, J. M. Illa, A. Kuznetsov, P. Munar-Adrover, D. Dominis Prester, Marcos Daniel Actis, Abraham D. Falcone, L. Journet, D. Hadasch, N. Galante, A. Murphy, C. J. Todero Peixoto, S. Wiesand, A. Aravantinos, A. C. Rovero, J. L. Dournaux, P. Romano, M. Hrabovsky, R. de los Reyes Lopez, M. Ostrowski, J. Pallota, Geza Gyuk, Petar Temnikov, R. Dubois, Jan Ebr, R. Koul, David J. Smith, S. Schwarzburg, P. Manigot, Chad Finley, Tarek M. Hassan, Giuseppe Sottile, Evgeni Ovcharov, P. J. Rajda, F. Krennrich, Peter L. Moore, W. B. Focke, W. Bednarek, Elena Amato, Kazunori Kohri, J. Gamez-Garcia, I. Oya, A. Shibuya, German Hermann, William H. Lee, Dorota Sobczyńska, X. Zhou, C. Balkowski, G. Vallejo, M. Hayashida, M. Bitossi, Loukas Vlahos, H. Lockart, N. Geffroy, L. Tibaldo, Marek Jamrozy, Luke O'c. Drury, Pratik Majumdar, P. Sutcliffe, S. Schlenstedt, M. Palatka, Christophe Champion, H. Ueno, M. Rupiński, P. Giommi, J. Schwarz, G. Pühlhofer, Takashi Saito, W. van Driel, C. van Eldik, Q. Xiong, Yasuo Fukui, A. Donat, A. Ibarra, R. S. Warwick, Michiko Ohishi, A. W. Smith, J.-P. Lenain, Aion Viana, Terry Ashton, Guillaume Dubus, Jacek Niemiec, K. Kodani, Luis Ángel Tejedor, A. Wörnlein, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Masahiro Teshima, W. Gäbele, Ll. Font, Olaf Reimer, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, Lucy Fortson, J. P. Osborne, Mattia Fornasa, Keith Bechtol, Masayuki Tanaka, Shigehiro Nagataki, M. Rataj, M. Ribordy, Emmanuel Moulin, I. de la Calle, K. Winiarski, C. Jeanney, I. Mognet, I. Vegas, C. Juffroy, Yutaka Ohira, A. Jacholkowska, Matthew Wood, A. E. Suárez, J. Bähr, K. M. Schure, J. Maya, M. Dafonseca, J. Tasan, R. Sugawara, M. Bourgeat, A. Mancilla, D. Pelat, Olga Botner, D. Nedbal, G. Depaola, Robert Wagner, T. Okuda, H. Arnaldi, Josep Martí, P. Corona, T. Bonev, D. Yelos, J. Sieiro, V. Scalzotto, Jacco Vink, D. Languignon, Marco Ajello, J. Vandenbrouke, Philipp Mertsch, M. Mordalska, P. Wegner, P. Ziółkowski, P. T. O'Brien, A. Nozato, Robert D. Preece, B. Huber, Matteo Balbo, J.R. Bogart, R. Kankanyan, K. Mori, T. Jogler, Seth Digel, Claudio Vuerli, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Thomas Lohse, K. Saito, A. W. Borgland, Elisa Prandini, Helene Sol, Ryan Heller, M. Bogdan, D. Dumas, M. Stodulski, Y. Awane, Piercarlo Bonifacio, Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla, Judith H. Croston, Fabio Pizzolato, P. M. Chadwick, M. K. Daniel, Riccardo Paoletti, Reiko Orito, Katsuaki Asano, R. Frei, G. Disset, Valerie Connaughton, Juhani Huovelin, Hiroyasu Tajima, S. Vercellone, F. Feinstein, G. Decerprit, Riccardo Smareglia, S. Spyrou, Gustavo E. Romero, J. Shi, J. Carr, N. Girard, Dirk L. Hoffmann, Andreas Zech, Markus Boettcher, Osvaldo Catalano, Akira Okumura, M. Dohmke, C. Föhr, Sabrina Casanova, R. A. Cameron, Jan Conrad, K. Umehara, K. K. Yadav, A. Paizis, John L. Quinn, L. Pogosyan, C. Farnier, William J. Potter, Domenico Impiombato, Tadashi Kifune, Jonathan Granot, Gernot Maier, M. Cieślar, S. Palanque, G.W. Fraser, J. Prast, R. Bose, Heidi Sandaker, G. Lamanna, Dusan Mandat, J.F. Glicenstein, J. Harris, D. Naumann, J. Ziolkowski, Michał Szanecki, C. Delgado, J. Kocot, W. Lustermann, Sabine Elles, J. Schmoll, L. Gérard, M. López, Norita Kawanaka, V. Gika, B. Lieunard, A. Pichel, Martin Pohl, Mariusz Sterzel, S. Vincent, Paolo De Coppi, J. Lande, O. Blanch Bigas, Gianluca Giavitto, Yusuke Konno, Julian Sitarek, M. Panter, P.-O. Petrucci, F. Henault, M. Prouza, Philip Kaaret, Josep Colomé, Luciano Nicastro, German Martinez, L. Gebremedhin, J. M. Yebras, Apostolos Mastichiadis, A. S. Madhavan, Thomas J. Maccarone, K. Berger, R. Buehler, P. Jean, N. Sartore, F. Toussenel, Aris Karastergiou, W. Kluźniak, A. Djannati-Ataï, S. J. Fegan, Louis Antonelli, A. González Muñoz, J. Berdugo, S. S. Upadhya, M. Sidz, F. Mottez, Patrick Vogler, F. Di Pierro, Wystan Benbow, B. Sacco, L. Chiappetti, J. Dumm, R. Firpo Curcoll, David Gascon, V. Boccone, J. Krause, J. P. Avernet, B. Peyaud, B. De Lotto, Ana Babić, T. O. B. Schmidt, I. M. McHardy, T. Schweizer, S. P. Wakely, Daniel Gall, Frank M. Rieger, E. Sant'Ambrogio, M. Kagaya, P. Vincent, R. C. Rannot, Sandro Mereghetti, A. De Angelis, M. Scarcioffolo, R. White, G. H. Sembroski, Takeshi Nakamori, C. Medina, M. A. De Oliveira Leigui, Subir Sarkar, A. Marszałek, Reshmi Mukherjee, K. Nakayama, A. Fiasson, S. Giarrusso, T. Bernardino, J. P. Finley, D. Neise, L. O. Takalo, F. Grañena, Nikola Godinovic, H. Sasaki, P. Zychowski, Francesco Dazzi, B. Courty, A. Basili, Vitaly Neustroev, B. Khélifi, T. Glanzman, M. Trifoglio, Regis Terrier, R. A. Ong, E. M. Santos, M. Minuti, Thomas Bretz, R. Moderski, J. Kushida, S. Royer, Emilio Molinari, Etienne Lyard, J. Houles, Juan Abel Barrio, T. Lerch, S. Rivoire, T. Kishimoto, M. Cailles, M. Casiraghi, Nikolaos Stergioulas, J. Gaweda, S. Koyama, Ingomar Allekotte, E. Ismailova, Elina Giannakaki, S. Schwemmer, Ryo Yamazaki, G. Fasola, Christoph Deil, Jose Luis Contreras, T. Bird, Miguel A. Sánchez-Conde, J. Dick, E. Edy, D. Parsons, R. Pyzioł, R. Mirzoyan, Manjuli R. Sharma, J. Borkowski, Jonathan S. Lapington, Cameron B Rulten, Rino Bandiera, Volker Beckmann, Jun Kakuwa, Dimitris Balis, Kenji Toma, Anna Barnacka, Andrea Santangelo, L. Padilla, Peter Eger, G. Decock, Karol Seweryn, N. Sakaki, Darko Veberič, Andrea Bulgarelli, B. Rudak, M. Pérez, H. Koppel, Felix Spanier, M. I. Martínez, D. Horville, Marco Molinaro, R. Walter, P. Ramon, S. Brau-Nogue, J. Camprecios, K. Kärcher, John H. Seiradakis, S. Criswell, D. J. Leopold, V. J. Guarino, R. Gredig, S. Vorobiov, Viktor Gruev, Gareth Hughes, Daniele Spiga, Quirin Weitzel, N. Håkansson, Susumu Inoue, U. Straumann, Juan Cortina, B. Behera, Jürgen Knödlseder, Daniel Nieto, Tomasz Szepieniec, H. Prokoph, Jerzy Grygorczuk, G. De La Vega, Jim Hinton, E. Chabanne, M. Mahabir, R. Krobot, M. Capalbi, Miroslav Pech, C. Díaz, J. Ludwin, F. Gianotti, Garret Cotter, Claudio Melioli, Hiroaki Yamamoto, C. Veyssiere, Kunihito Ioka, S. Sun, J. M. Parraud, L. Rob, Felix Aharonian, G. Maneva, D. Melkumyan, T. Schwab, J. Kasperek, J. M. Huet, E. Lorenz, S. Tanaka, Y. A. Gallant, S. Couturier, B.W. Favill, J. Boix Gargallo, Andrea Tiengo, Leszek Bogacz, Andreu Sanuy, Christian Fruck, J. Sykes, C. Martens, A. Yoshida, Marek Sikora, E. Racero, G. Rouaix, N. Bhat, A. Salini, A. S. Barber, Mauro Ghigo, Jan Ridky, K. Kosack, Konrad Bernlöhr, C. Tenzer, Alice Allafort, M. Torres, Catherine Boisson, Grzegorz Kowal, M. Karczewski, G. Agnetta, Victor Stamatescu, Anthony H. Gonzalez, S. Rousselle, Giovanni Bonanno, A. Zajczyk, A. Gadola, P. Martin, V. Zitelli, I. Manthos, N. Maragos, A. Dettlaff, F. Profeti, S. Colonges, S. Gunji, S. Cazaux, S. Colafrancesco, M. Paz Arribas, Rika Hagiwara, Darell Engelhaupt, Nestor Mirabal, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, S. Grunewald, Abby M. Green, I. D. Davids, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, Gagik Tovmassian, R. Sakonaka, Miguel Alcubierre, C. Baixeras, T. L. Usher, Kazufumi Torii, H. Lüdecke, L. Wiśniewski, B. Kellner-Leidel, P. Demange, F. Gonzalez, B. Moal, V. De Caprio, V. Golev, K. Katarzyński, V. Bugaev, A. Reimer, J. Koziol, G. Pojmanski, Alessandro Carosi, J. Bolmont, A. Nikolaidis, R. J. García López, V. A. Kudryavtsev, C. Stegmann, J.-P. Ernenwein, M. Fiorini, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Marco Tavani, P. Korohoda, A. Giuliani, E. Carmona, C. Bauer, Kostas D. Kokkotas, O. Tibolla, G. Deleglise, Pierre Brun, Dinko Dimitrov, I. Jung, R. Steenkamp, Marc Ribó, Kathrin Egberts, P. Reardon, Adriano Ghedina, Stefan Rosén, N. Hidaka, Trygve Buanes, A. Segreto, H. Huan, Juri Poutanen, Ruben Lopez-Coto, S. Cavazzani, Massimiliano Belluso, A. Kretzschmann, F. De Frondat, A. Riviere, J. F. Olive, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Serena Mattiazzo, M. González, D. Fantinel, Matteo Cerruti, S. Vergani, Sabrina Einecke, N. La Palombara, Reinhard Schlickeiser, P. Antoranz, Pol Bordas, D. Paillot, V. de Souza, Yasushi Fukazawa, Phil Evans, Werner Hofmann, Hugh Dickinson, F. Roy, Yvonne Becherini, E. O. Angüner, D. Corti, T. C. Arlen, Francesco Russo, V. R. Chitnis, D. Ross, R. Gabriele, Massimo Persic, E. Fokitis, A. Bonardi, D. Garrido, A. Niedźwiecki, L. Cossio, Hidetoshi Kubo, Y. de Oliveira, F. Mattana, Anna Szostek, M. Compin, S. Blake, F. Lucarelli, Petter Hofverberg, Felix Ryde, M. Gougerot, C. Boutonnet, Dimitrios Emmanoulopoulos, A. Mangano, P. Vallania, Jose Miguel Miranda, A. Manalaysay, M. Raue, A. Bouvier, Shohei Yanagita, Nektarios Vlahakis, Joni Tammi, M. Naumann-Godo, Kohta Murase, E. Fillin-Martino, Jiri Chudoba, K. Hatanaka, A. Lopatin, N. Otte, G. Rojas, Tomonori Totani, K. S. Gothe, J. P. Vialle, D. Kolitzus, K. Warda, Hironori Matsumoto, J. Rico, P. Ringegni, James Chiang, R. McKay, A. Bobkov, Aya Bamba, H. Takami, B. Giebels, O. Grimm, S. Basso, F. Dubois, Victor Zabalza, A. Förster, Pasquale Blasi, Alexandros Papayannis, A. G. Akhperjanian, Eckhard Kendziorra, James A. Anderson, Giuseppe Malaguti, R. Welsing, S. Pita, A. Ozieblo, Heide Costantini, D. Tezier, J.-H. Köhne, M. Tluczykont, Ll. Garrido, Alexander Varón Sandoval, Matthew R. Orr, Dominique Durand, F. Chollet, O. Luz, E. O. Saemann, Jun Kataoka, M. Proyetti, C. Barbier, Jürgen Barnstedt, L. Bouchet, Hiroshi Muraishi, Anton N. Baushev, L. A. Otero, Denis Bastieri, S. Incorvaia, Tihomir Surić, V. La Parola, Nathan Smith, Karl-Heinz Sulanke, F. Bernard, Luca Stringhetti, S. Paiano, S. Federici, Hector Flores, Karl Mannheim, Michael S. Briggs, Giovanna Pedaletti, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, J. D. Smith, G. La Rosa, Alicia López-Oramas, M. Janiak, Gary Drake, G. Talbot, Petr Travnicek, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Mario Meucci, R. Northrop, V. Scapin, Vito Conforti, J. D. Ponz, T. Aghajani, J. J. Jimenez, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, M. Werner, Brian Reville, A. Haupt, C. Skole, Gilles Henri, Daniele Gardiol, V. Vassiliev, R. Platzer, Y. Saito, A. La Barbera, Allan Hallgren, C. Eleftheriadis, S. Cantu, G. Maurin, K. Lacombe, A. Le Padellec, F. Stinzing, T. Hayakawa, A. Cillis, M. Suchenek, I. Monteiro, V. Sahakian, A. Di Paola, Grzegorz Madejski, A. De Luca, Andreas Quirrenbach, P. A. Caraveo, N. A. Webb, Michael Zacharias, J. Vanderwalt, Dario Hrupec, K. Ziȩtara, T. Armstrong, A. Lorca, T. Krähenbühl, A. Etchegoyen, Stefano Covino, C. Kalkuhl, K. Kitamoto, Tomasz Bulik, R. Rohlfs, D. Allan, A. Zhao, Luisa Arrabito, B. S. Acharya, T. Johnson, C. Schultz, G. Vasileiadis, Eleen Shum, Daniel Ferenc, Paola Grandi, Maria Concetta Maccarone, E. Strazzeri, H. Kelly, E. J. Quel, H. Vankov, Ruben Alfaro, I. Telezhinsky, J. Becker Tjus, C. Dufour, F. Köck, Ilana M. Braun, Jamie Holder, Ryoji Enomoto, Luigi Lessio, Michael Punch, Stefano Gabici, I. Puerto-Gimenez, S. Karkar, P. Nayman, M. Grudzińska, E. Aliu, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Elina Lindfors, J. Becerra, Daniel Mazin, Yukikatsu Terada, André Schulz, Teresa Montaruli, G. Bonnoli, S. Renner, Dieter Horns, J. Dyks, V. Pelassa, Mark I. Wilkinson, Ricardo Graciani, I. Troyano, P. Ristori, Thomas Kihm, P. Micolon, S. J. Nolan, Torsten Bringmann, David A. Williams, Joachim Hahn, L. Brunetti, U. Roeser, Wolfgang Rhode, Kanaris Tsinganos, Stefan Ohm, J. L. Panazol, G. Busetto, B. S., Acharya, M., Acti, T., Aghajani, G., Agnetta, J., Aguilar, F., Aharonian, M., Ajello, A., Akhperjanian, M., Alcubierre, J., Aleksic, R., Alfaro, E., Aliu, A. J., Allafort, D., Allan, I., Allekotte, E., Amato, J., Anderson, E. O., Anguener, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, A., Aravantino, T., Arlen, T., Armstrong, H., Arnaldi, L., Arrabito, K., Asano, T., Ashton, H. G., Asorey, Y., Awane, H., Baba, A., Babic, N., Baby, J., Baehr, A., Bai, C., Baixera, S., Bajtlik, M., Balbo, D., Bali, C., Balkowski, A., Bamba, R., Bandiera, A., Barber, C., Barbier, M., Barcelo, A., Barnacka, J., Barnstedt, U. B., De, J. A., Barrio, A., Basili, S., Basso, D., Bastieri, C., Bauer, A., Baushev, J., Becerra, Y., Becherini, K. C., Bechtol, J. B., Tju, V., Beckmann, W., Bednarek, B., Behera, M., Belluso, W., Benbow, J., Berdugo, K., Berger, F., Bernard, T., Bernardino, K., Bernloehr, N., Bhat, S., Bhattacharyya, C., Bigongiari, A., Biland, S., Billotta, T., Bird, E., Birsin, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, J., Biteau, M., Bitossi, S., Blake, O. B., Biga, P., Blasi, A., Bobkov, V., Boccone, M., Boettcher, L., Bogacz, J., Bogart, M., Bogdan, C., Boisson, J. B., Gargallo, J., Bolmont, G., Bonanno, A., Bonardi, T., Bonev, P., Bonifacio, G., Bonnoli, P., Borda, A., Borgland, J., Borkowski, R., Bose, O., Botner, A., Bottani, L., Bouchet, M., Bourgeat, C., Boutonnet, A., Bouvier, S., Brau Nogue, I., Braun, T., Bretz, M., Brigg, T., Bringmann, P., Brook, P., Brun, L., Brunetti, T., Buane, J., Buckley, R., Buehler, V., Bugaev, A., Bulgarelli, T., Bulik, G., Busetto, S., Buson, K., Byrum, M., Caille, R., Cameron, J., Camprecio, R., Canestrari, S., Cantu, M., Capalbi, P., Caraveo, E., Carmona, A., Carosi, J., Carr, P. . ., H., S., Casanova, M., Casiraghi, O., Catalano, S., Cavazzani, S., Cazaux, M., Cerruti, E., Chabanne, P., Chadwick, C., Champion, A., Chen, J., Chiang, L., Chiappetti, M., Chikawa, V. R., Chitni, F., Chollet, J., Chudoba, M., Cieslar, A., Cilli, J., Cohen Tanugi, S., Colafrancesco, P., Colin, J., Calome, S., Colonge, M., Compin, P., Conconi, V., Conforti, V., Connaughton, J., Conrad, J. L., Contrera, P., Coppi, P., Corona, D., Corti, J., Cortina, L., Cossio, H., Costantini, G., Cotter, B., Courty, S., Couturier, S., Covino, G., Crimi, S. J., Criswell, J., Croston, G., Cusumano, M., Dafonseca, O., Dale, M., Daniel, J., Darling, I., David, F., Dazzi, A. D., Angeli, V. D., Caprio, F. D., Frondat, E. M., De, I. d., La, G. A., De, R. d., Lo, B. D., Lotto, A. D., Luca, J. R., T., M. d., Nauroi, Y. d., Oliveira, E. d., Ona, V. d., Souza, G., Decerprit, G., Decock, C., Deil, E., Delagne, G., Deleglise, C., Delgado, D. D., Volpe, P., Demange, G., Depaola, A., Dettlaff, A. D., Paola, F. D., Pierro, C., Diaz, J., Dick, R., Dickherber, H., Dickinson, V., Diez Blanco, S., Digel, D., Dimitrov, G., Disset, A., Djannati Atai, M., Doert, M., Dohmke, W., Domainko, D. 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F., M., L., Fresnillo, C., Fruck, Y., Fujita, Y., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, S., Funk, W., Gaebele, S., Gabici, R., Gabriele, A., Gadola, N., Galante, D., Gall, Y., Gallant, J., Gamez Garcia, B., Garcia, R. G., Lopez, D., Gardiol, D., Garrido, L., Garrido, D., Gascon, M., Gaug, J., Gaweda, L., Gebremedhin, N., Geffroy, L., Gerard, A., Ghedina, M., Ghigo, E., Giannakaki, F., Gianotti, S., Giarrusso, G., Giavitto, B., Giebel, V., Gika, P., Giommi, N., Girard, E., Giro, A., Giuliani, T., Glanzman, J. . ., F., N., Godinovic, V., Golev, M. G., Berisso, J., Gomez Ortega, M. M., Gonzalez, A., Gonzalez, F., Gonzalez, A. G., Munoz, K. S., Gothe, M., Gougerot, R., Graciani, P., Grandi, F., Granena, J., Granot, G., Grasseau, R., Gredig, A., Green, T., Greenshaw, T., Gregoire, O., Grimm, J., Grube, M., Grudzinska, V., Gruev, S., Gruenewald, J., Grygorczuk, V., Guarino, S., Gunji, G., Gyuk, D., Hadasch, R., Hagiwara, J., Hahn, N., Hakansson, A., Hallgren, N. H., Hera, S., Hara, M. 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M., Comb, N., Mccubbin, I., Mchardy, R., Mckay, C., Medina, C., Melioli, D., Melkumyan, S., Mereghetti, P., Mertsch, M., Meucci, J., Michalowski, P., Micolon, A., Mihailidi, T., Mineo, M., Minuti, N., Mirabal, F., Mirabel, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, T., Mizuno, B., Moal, R., Moderski, I., Mognet, E., Molinari, M., Molinaro, T., Montaruli, I., Monteiro, P., Moore, A. M., Olaizola, M., Mordalska, C., Morello, K., Mori, F., Mottez, Y., Moudden, E., Moulin, I., Mrusek, R., Mukherjee, P., Munar Adrover, H., Muraishi, K., Murase, A., Murphy, S., Nagataki, T., Naito, D., Nakajima, T., Nakamori, K., Nakayama, C., Naumann, D., Naumann, M., Naumann Godo, P., Nayman, D., Nedbal, D., Neise, L., Nellen, V., Neustroev, N., Neyroud, L., Nicastro, J., Nicolau Kuklinski, A., Niedzwiecki, J., Niemiec, D., Nieto, A., Nikolaidi, K., Nishijima, S., Nolan, R., Northrop, D., Nosek, N., Nowak, A., Nozato, P., O'Brien, Y., Ohira, M., Ohishi, S., Ohm, H., Ohoka, T., Okuda, A., Okumura, R. A., Ong, R., Orito, M., Orr, J., Osborne, M., Ostrowski, L. A., Otero, N., Otte, E., Ovcharov, I., Oya, A., Ozieblo, L., Padilla, S., Paiano, D., Paillot, A., Paizi, S., Palanque, M., Palatka, J., Pallota, K., Panagiotidi, D., Paneque, M., Panter, R., Paoletti, A., Papayanni, G., Papyan, J. M., Parede, G., Pareschi, G., Park, D., Parson, M. P., Arriba, M., Pech, G., Pedaletti, V., Pelassa, D., Pelat, M. D., C., M., Persic, P. . ., O., B., Peyaud, A., Pichel, S., Pita, F., Pizzolato, L., Plato, R., Platzer, L., Pogosyan, M., Pohl, G., Pojmanski, J. D., Ponz, W., Potter, J., Poutanen, E., Prandini, J., Prast, R., Preece, F., Profeti, H., Prokoph, M., Prouza, M., Proyetti, I., Puerto Gimenez, G., Puehlhofer, I., Puljak, M., Punch, R., Pyziol, E. J., Quel, J., Quinn, A., Quirrenbach, E., Racero, P. J., Rajda, P., Ramon, R., Rando, R. C., Rannot, M., Rataj, M., Raue, P., Reardon, O., Reimann, A., Reimer, O., Reimer, K., Reitberger, M., Renaud, S., Renner, B., Reville, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, M., Ribordy, M. G., Richer, J., Rico, J., Ridky, F., Rieger, P., Ringegni, J., Ripken, P. R., Ristori, A., Riviere, S., Rivoire, L., Rob, U., Roeser, R., Rohlf, G., Roja, P., Romano, W., Romaszkan, G. E., Romero, S., Rosen, S. R., Lee, D., Ro, G., Rouaix, J., Rousselle, S., Rousselle, A. C., Rovero, F., Roy, S., Royer, B., Rudak, C., Rulten, M., Rupinski, F., Russo, F., Ryde, B., Sacco, E. O., Saemann, A., Saggion, V., Safiakian, K., Saito, T., Saito, Y., Saito, N., Sakaki, R., Sakonaka, A., Salini, F., Sanchez, M., Sanchez Conde, A., Sandoval, H., Sandaker, E., Sant'Ambrogio, A., Santangelo, E. M., Santo, A., Sanuy, L., Sapozhnikov, S., Sarkar, N., Sartore, H., Sasaki, K., Satalecka, M., Sawada, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, M., Scarcioffolo, J., Schafer, T., Schanz, S., Schlenstedt, R., Schlickeiser, T., Schmidt, J., Schmoll, P., Schovanek, M., Schroedter, C., Schultz, J., Schultze, A., Schulz, K., Schure, T., Schwab, U., Schwanke, J., Schwarz, S., Schwarzburg, T., Schweizer, S., Schwemmer, A., Segreto, G. H., Sembroski, K., Seweryn, M., Sharma, M., Shayduk, R. C., Shellard, J., Shi, T., Shibata, A., Shibuya, E., Shum, L., Sidoli, M., Sidz, J., Sieiro, M., Sikora, J., Silk, A., Sillanpaa, B. B., Singh, J., Sitarek, C., Skole, R., Smareglia, A., Smith, D., Smith, J., Smith, N., Smith, D., Sobczynska, H., Sol, G., Sottile, M., Sowinski, F., Spanier, D., Spiga, S., Spyrou, V., Stamatescu, A., Stamerra, R., Starling, L., Stawarz, R., Steenkamp, C., Stegmann, S., Steiner, N., Stergioula, R., Sternberger, M., Sterzel, F., Stinzing, M., Stodulski, U., Straumann, E., Strazzeri, L., Stringhetti, A., Suarez, M., Suchenek, R., Sugawara, K. . ., H., S., Sun, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Suric, P., Sutcliffe, J., Syke, M., Szanecki, T., Szepieniec, A., Szostek, G., Tagliaferri, H., Tajima, H., Takahashi, K., Takahashi, L., Takalo, H., Takami, C., Talbot, J., Tammi, M., Tanaka, S., Tanaka, J., Tasan, M., Tavani, L. A., Tejedor, I., Telezhinsky, P., Temnikov, C., Tenzer, Y., Terada, R., Terrier, M., Teshima, V., Testa, D., Tezier, D., Thuermann, L., Tibaldo, O., Tibolla, A., Tiengo, M., Tluczykont, C. J., Todero, F., Tokanai, M., Tokarz, K., Toma, K., Torii, M., Tornikoski, D. F., Torre, M., Torre, G., Tosti, T., Totani, C., Toussenel, G., Tovmassian, P., Travnicek, M., Trifoglio, I., Troyano, K., Tsingano, H., Ueno, K., Umehara, S. S., Upadhya, T., Usher, M., Uslenghi, J. F., Valdes Galicia, P., Vallania, G., Vallejo, W. v., Driel, C. v., Eldik, J., Vandenbrouke, J., Vanderwalt, H., Vankov, G., Vasileiadi, V., Vassiliev, D., Veberic, I., Vega, S., Vercellone, S., Vergani, C., Veyssiere, J. P., Vialle, A., Viana, M., Videla, P., Vincent, S., Vincent, J., Vink, N., Vlahaki, L., Vlaho, P., Vogler, A., Vollhardt, H. . ., P., S., Vorobiov, C., Vuerli, V., Waegebaert, R., Wagner, R. G., Wagner, S., Wagner, S. P., Wakely, R., Walter, T., Walther, K., Warda, R., Warwick, P., Wawer, R., Wawrzaszek, N., Webb, P., Wegner, A., Weinstein, Q., Weitzel, R., Welsing, M., Werner, H., Wetteskind, R., White, A., Wierzcholska, S., Wiesand, M., Wilkinson, D. A., William, R., Willingale, K., Winiarski, R., Wischnewski, L., Wisniewski, M., Wood, A., Woernlein, Q., Xiong, K. K., Yadav, H., Yamamoto, T., Yamamoto, R., Yamazaki, S., Yanagita, J. M., Yebra, D., Yelo, A., Yoshida, T., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, V., Zabalza, M., Zacharia, A., Zajczyk, R., Zanin, A., Zdziarski, A., Zech, A., Zhao, X., Zhou, K., Zietara, J., Ziolkowski, P., Ziolkowski, V., Zitelli, C., Zurbach, P., Zychowski, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, CTA, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
Subjects: Next generation Cherenkov telescopes, Ciencias Físicas, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, TeV GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY, Observatory, Air showers, HESS, Cherenkov Telescopes, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, MISSION, SUPERNOVA REMNANT W44, TELESCOPE, ASTRONOMY, EMISSION, Physics, ta213, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, TeV gamma-ray astronomy, ddc:540, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Air shower, AIR SHOWERS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 0103 physical sciences, Preparatory phase, ta115, TeV gamma-ray astronomy Air showers Cherenkov Telescopes, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, CHERENKOV TELESCOPES, Física, Astronomy, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, Cherenkov Telescope Array, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astronomía, Design study, Telecommunications, business
Abstract: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project., La lista completa de autores puede consultarse en el documento o en la página web de la revista., Facultad de Ingeniería
Published: 2013
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11. Suspension System of the Barrel Toroid Cold Mass

Author: Ht. Kate, P. Vedrine, Y. Pabot, Alexey Dudarev, C. Berriaud, C. Mayri, S. Cazaux, Y. Zaitsev, Jean-Michel Rey, Arnaud Foussat, Z. Sun, and M. Reytier
Subjects: Cryostat, Materials science, Large Hadron Collider, Toroid, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Tie rod, Barrel (horology), Cryogenics, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Electromagnetic coil, engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The ATLAS Barrel Toroid consists of 8 racetrack coils symmetrically placed around the LHC beam axis. The coil dimensions are 25-m of length, 5-m of width and 1-m of thickness. Each cold mass is held in its cryostat by different types of supports. The paper describes the design, the tests and the behavior of each element during on surface test of individual coils
Published: 2006
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12. Cold Mass Integration of the ATLAS Barrel Toroid Magnets at CERN

Author: S. Cazaux, M. Arnaud, J.-P. Gourdin, Jean-Michel Rey, C. Berriaud, Alexey Dudarev, C. Mayri, M. Humeau, R. Berthier, Ht. Kate, P. Vedrine, C. Pes, and R. Leboeuf
Subjects: Materials science, Toroid, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Medical Physics, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Conductor, Engineering, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Inflatable, Electromagnetic coil, Magnet, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material, Electrical conductor, Casing
Abstract: The ATLAS Barrel Toroid, part of the ATLAS Detector built at CERN, is comprised of 8 coils symmetrically placed around the LHC beam axis. The coil dimensions are 25 m length, 5 m width and 0.4 m thickness. Each coil cold mass consists of 2 double pancakes of aluminum stabilized NbTi conductor held in an aluminum alloy casing. Because the magnet is conduction cooled a good bonding between the superconducting winding and the coil casing is a basic requirement. Due to the high load level induced by the Lorentz forces on the double pancakes, a pre-stressing technique has been developed for the assembling of the double pancake windings in the coil casing. This prestressing technique uses inflatable bladders made of extruded aluminum tubes filled with glass microballs and epoxy resin then cured under pressure. The paper describes the design of the system as well as the problems occurred during the assembling of the 8 superconducting ATLAS coils and the ATLAS B0 prototype coil, and the behavior of the Barrel Toroid coils with respect to this prestress during the cold tests
Published: 2006
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13. Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA: An advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy

Author: Actis, M. Agnetta, G. Aharonian, F. Akhperjanian, A. Aleksić, J. Aliu, E. Allan, D. Allekotte, I. Antico, F. Antonelli, L.A. Antoranz, P. Aravantinos, A. Arlen, T. Arnaldi, H. Artmann, S. Asano, K. Asorey, H. Bähr, J. Bais, A. Baixeras, C. Bajtlik, S. Balis, D. Bamba, A. Barbier, C. Barceló, M. Barnacka, A. Barnstedt, J. de Almeida, U.B. Barrio, J.A. Basso, S. Bastieri, D. Bauer, C. Becerra, J. Becherini, Y. Bechtol, K. Becker, J. Beckmann, V. Bednarek, W. Behera, B. Beilicke, M. Belluso, M. Benallou, M. Benbow, W. Berdugo, J. Berger, K. Bernardino, T. Bernlöhr, K. Biland, A. Billotta, S. Bird, T. Birsin, E. Bissaldi, E. Blake, S. Blanch, O. Bobkov, A.A. Bogacz, L. Bogdan, M. Boisson, C. Boix, J. Bolmont, J. Bonanno, G. Bonardi, A. Bonev, T. Borkowski, J. Botner, O. Bottani, A. Bourgeat, M. Boutonnet, C. Bouvier, A. Brau-Nogué, S. Braun, I. Bretz, T. Briggs, M.S. Brun, P. Brunetti, L. Buckley, J.H. Bugaev, V. Bühler, R. Bulik, T. Busetto, G. Buson, S. Byrum, K. Cailles, M. Cameron, R. Canestrari, R. Cantu, S. Carmona, E. Carosi, A. Carr, J. Carton, P.H. Casiraghi, M. Castarede, H. Catalano, O. Cavazzani, S. Cazaux, S. Cerruti, B. Cerruti, M. Chadwick, P.M. Chiang, J. Chikawa, M. Cieślar, M. Ciesielska, M. Cillis, A. Clerc, C. Colin, P. Colomé, J. Compin, M. Conconi, P. Connaughton, V. Conrad, J. Contreras, J.L. Coppi, P. Corlier, M. Corona, P. Corpace, O. Corti, D. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Cotter, G. Courty, B. Couturier, S. Covino, S. Croston, J. Cusumano, G. Daniel, M.K. Dazzi, F. Angelis, A.d. de Cea del Pozo, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino, E.M. de Jager, O. de la Calle Pérez, I. de la Vega, G. de Lotto, B. de Naurois, M. de Oña Wilhelmi, E. de Souza, V. Decerprit, B. Deil, C. Delagnes, E. Deleglise, G. Delgado, C. Dettlaff, T. Di Paolo, A. Di Pierro, F. Díaz, C. Dick, J. Dickinson, H. Digel, S.W. Dimitrov, D. Disset, G. Djannati-Ataï, A. Doert, M. Domainko, W. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Dournaux, J.-L. Dravins, D. Drury, L. Dubois, F. Dubois, R. Dubus, G. Dufour, C. Durand, D. Dyks, J. Dyrda, M. Edy, E. Egberts, K. Eleftheriadis, C. Elles, S. Emmanoulopoulos, D. Enomoto, R. Ernenwein, J.-P. Errando, M. Etchegoyen, A. Falcone, A.D. Farakos, K. Farnier, C. Federici, S. Feinstein, F. Ferenc, D. Fillin-Martino, E. Fink, D. Finley, C. Finley, J.P. Firpo, R. Florin, D. Föhr, C. Fokitis, E. Font, L. Fontaine, G. Fontana, A. Förster, A. Fortson, L. Fouque, N. Fransson, C. Fraser, G.W. Fresnillo, L. Fruck, C. Fujita, Y. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Gäbele, W. Gabici, S. Gadola, A. Galante, N. Gallant, Y. García, B. López, R.J.G. Garrido, D. Garrido, L. Gascón, D. Gasq, C. Gaug, M. Gaweda, J. Geffroy, N. Ghag, C. Ghedina, A. Ghigo, M. Gianakaki, E. Giarrusso, S. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Giro, E. Giubilato, P. Glanzman, T. Glicenstein, J.-F. Gochna, M. Golev, V. Berisso, M.G. González, A. González, F. Grañena, F. Graciani, R. Granot, J. Gredig, R. Green, A. Greenshaw, T. Grimm, O. Grube, J. Grudzińska, M. Grygorczuk, J. Guarino, V. Guglielmi, L. Guilloux, F. Gunji, S. Gyuk, G. Hadasch, D. Haefner, D. Hagiwara, R. Hahn, J. Hallgren, A. Hara, S. Hardcastle, M.J. Hassan, T. Haubold, T. Hauser, M. Hayashida, M. Heller, R. Henri, G. Hermann, G. Herrero, A. Hinton, J.A. Hoffmann, D. Hofmann, W. Hofverberg, P. Horns, D. Hrupec, D. Huan, H. Huber, B. Huet, J.-M. Hughes, G. Hultquist, K. Humensky, T.B. Huppert, J.-F. Ibarra, A. Illa, J.M. Ingjald, J. Inoue, Y. Inoue, S. Ioka, K. Jablonski, C. Jacholkowska, A. Janiak, M. Jean, P. Jensen, H. Jogler, T. Jung, I. Kaaret, P. Kabuki, S. Kakuwa, J. Kalkuhl, C. Kankanyan, R. Kapala, M. Karastergiou, A. Karczewski, M. Karkar, S. Karlsson, N. Kasperek, J. Katagiri, H. Katarzyński, K. Kawanaka, N. Kȩdziora, B. Kendziorra, E. Khélifi, B. Kieda, D. Kifune, T. Kihm, T. Klepser, S. Kluźniak, W. Knapp, J. Knappy, A.R. Kneiske, T. Knödlseder, J. Köck, F. Kodani, K. Kohri, K. Kokkotas, K. Komin, N. Konopelko, A. Kosack, K. Kossakowski, R. Kostka, P. Kotuła, J. Kowal, G. Kozioł, J. Krähenbühl, T. Krause, J. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Kretzschmann, A. Kubo, H. Kudryavtsev, V.A. Kushida, J. La Barbera, N. La Parola, V. La Rosa, G. López, A. Lamanna, G. Laporte, P. Lavalley, C. Le Flour, T. Le Padellec, A. Lenain, J.-P. Lessio, L. Lieunard, B. Lindfors, E. Liolios, A. Lohse, T. Lombardi, S. Lopatin, A. Lorenz, E. Lubiński, P. Luz, O. Lyard, E. Maccarone, M.C. Maccarone, T. Maier, G. Majumdar, P. Maltezos, S. Małkiewicz, P. Mañá, C. Manalaysay, A. Maneva, G. Mangano, A. Manigot, P. Marín, J. Mariotti, M. Markoff, S. Martínez, G. Martínez, M. Mastichiadis, A. Matsumoto, H. Mattiazzo, S. Mazin, D. McComb, T.J.L. McCubbin, N. McHardy, I. Medina, C. Melkumyan, D. Mendes, A. Mertsch, P. Meucci, M. Michałowski, J. Micolon, P. Mineo, T. Mirabal, N. Mirabel, F. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, R. Mizuno, T. Moal, B. Moderski, R. Molinari, E. Monteiro, I. Moralejo, A. Morello, C. Mori, K. Motta, G. Mottez, F. Moulin, E. Mukherjee, R. Munar, P. Muraishi, H. Murase, K. Murphy, A.S. Nagataki, S. Naito, T. Nakamori, T. Nakayama, K. Naumann, C. Naumann, D. Nayman, P. Nedbal, D. Niedźwiecki, A. Niemiec, J. Nikolaidis, A. Nishijima, K. Nolan, S.J. Nowak, N. O'Brien, P.T. Ochoa, I. Ohira, Y. Ohishi, M. Ohka, H. Okumura, A. Olivetto, C. Ong, R.A. Orito, R. Orr, M. Osborne, J.P. Ostrowski, M. Otero, L. Otte, A.N. Ovcharov, E. Oya, I. Oziȩbło, A. Paiano, S. Pallota, J. Panazol, J.L. Paneque, D. Panter, M. Paoletti, R. Papyan, G. Paredes, J.M. Pareschi, G. Parsons, R.D. Arribas, M.P. Pedaletti, G. Pepato, A. Persic, M. Petrucci, P.O. Peyaud, B. Piechocki, W. Pita, S. Pivato, G. Płatos, Ł. Platzer, R. Pogosyan, L. Pohl, M. Pojmański, G. Ponz, J.D. Potter, W. Prandini, E. Preece, R. Prokoph, H. Pühlhofer, G. Punch, M. Quel, E. Quirrenbach, A. Rajda, P. Rando, R. Rataj, M. Raue, M. Reimann, C. Reimann, O. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Renaud, M. Renner, S. Reymond, J.-M. Rhode, W. Ribó, M. Ribordy, M. Rico, J. Rieger, F. Ringegni, P. Ripken, J. Ristori, P. Rivoire, S. Rob, L. Rodriguez, S. Roeser, U. Romano, P. Romero, G.E. Rosier-Lees, S. Rovero, A.C. Roy, F. Royer, S. Rudak, B. Rulten, C.B. Ruppel, J. Russo, F. Ryde, F. Sacco, B. Saggion, A. Sahakian, V. Saito, K. Saito, T. Sakaki, N. Salazar, E. Salini, A. Sánchez, F. Conde, M.Á.S. Santangelo, A. Santos, E.M. Sanuy, A. Sapozhnikov, L. Sarkar, S. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, V. Scarcioffolo, M. Schanz, T. Schlenstedt, S. Schlickeiser, R. Schmidt, T. Schmoll, J. Schroedter, M. Schultz, C. Schultze, J. Schulz, A. Schwanke, U. Schwarzburg, S. Schweizer, T. Seiradakis, J. Selmane, S. Seweryn, K. Shayduk, M. Shellard, R.C. Shibata, T. Sikora, M. Silk, J. Sillanpää, A. Sitarek, J. Skole, C. Smith, N. Sobczyńska, D. Haro, M.S. Sol, H. Spanier, F. Spiga, D. Spyrou, S. Stamatescu, V. Stamerra, A. Starling, R.L.C. Stawarz, Ł. Steenkamp, R. Stegmann, C. Steiner, S. Stergioulas, N. Sternberger, R. Stinzing, F. Stodulski, M. Straumann, U. Suárez, A. Suchenek, M. Sugawara, R. Sulanke, K.H. Sun, S. Supanitsky, A.D. Sutcliffe, P. Szanecki, M. Szepieniec, T. Szostek, A. Szymkowiak, A. Tagliaferri, G. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, K. Takalo, L. Takami, H. Talbot, R.G. Tam, P.H. Tanaka, M. Tanimori, T. Tavani, M. Tavernet, J.-P. Tchernin, C. Tejedor, L.A. Telezhinsky, I. Temnikov, P. Tenzer, C. Terada, Y. Terrier, R. Teshima, M. Testa, V. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Tluczykont, M. Peixoto, C.J.T. Tokanai, F. Tokarz, M. Toma, K. Torres, D.F. Tosti, G. Totani, T. Toussenel, F. Vallania, P. Vallejo, G. van der Walt, J. van Eldik, C. Vandenbroucke, J. Vankov, H. Vasileiadis, G. Vassiliev, V.V. Vegas, I. Venter, L. Vercellone, S. Veyssiere, C. Vialle, J.P. Videla, M. Vincent, P. Vink, J. Vlahakis, N. Vlahos, L. Vogler, P. Vollhardt, A. Volpe, F. von Gunten, H.P. Vorobiov, S. Wagner, S. Wagner, R.M. Wagner, B. Wakely, S.P. Walter, P. Walter, R. Warwick, R. Wawer, P. Wawrzaszek, R. Webb, N. Wegner, P. Weinstein, A. Weitzel, Q. Welsing, R. Wetteskind, H. White, R. Wierzcholska, A. Wilkinson, M.I. Williams, D.A. Winde, M. Wischnewski, R. Wiśniewski, Ł. Wolczko, A. Wood, M. Xiong, Q. Yamamoto, T. Yamaoka, K. Yamazaki, R. Yanagita, S. Yoffo, B. Yonetani, M. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, T. Zabalza, V. Zagdański, A. Zajczyk, A. Zdziarski, A. Zech, A. Ziȩtara, K. Ziółkowski, P. Zitelli, V. Zychowski, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA. © 2011 The Author(s).
Published: 2011

14. Gas-surface interactions and heterogeneous chemistry on interstellar grains analogues

Author: J.-H. Fillion, F. Dulieu, C. Romanzin, S. Cazaux, and Astronomy
Subjects: 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Chemistry, Physics, QC1-999, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract: Detailed laboratory studies and progress in surface science technique, have allowed in recent years the first experimental confirmation of surface reaction schemes, as introduced by Tielens, Hagen and Charnley [1,2]. In this paper, we review few heterogeneous processes which give routes to form elementary molecules considered as precursors for explaining the variety and richness of molecular species in the interstellar medium. Adsorption, diffusion and reaction processes are discussed. With emphasis on the experimental approaches, but also supported by theoretical developments, progresses in the understanding of the "catalytic role" of a dust grain surface in various physical conditions are described. Recent advances made on few important species (H2, H2O, CH3OH) are used to illustrate basic properties and raise open questions.
Published: 2011

15. Gaz-surface interactions and heterogeneous chemistry on interstellar grain analogues http://www.astrohp2010.u-psud.fr/spip.php?article15

Author: Fillion F. Dulieu C. Romanzin S. Cazaux, J.-H., Laboratoire de Physique Moleculaire pour l'Atmosphere et l'Astrophysique (LPMAA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Francois, Francoise
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.EP] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2010

16. Micromegas in CAST and prospects

Author: S. Aune, Georgios Fanourakis, M. Gros, D. Besin, Thomas Papaevangelou, I. G. Irastorza, S. Cazaux, M. J. Pivovaroff, J.G. Lacarra, A. Giganon, K. Kousouris, M. Riallot, K. van Bibbe, R. M. Hill, T. Decker, S. Andriamonje, I. Giomataris, Regina Soufli, J. Morales, T. Dafni, Theodoros Geralis, J. Ruz Armendariz, B.O. Dogan, G. Zaffanela, K. Zachariadou, N. Duportail, Ph. Abbon, and Esther Ferrer Ribas
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Electromagnetic shielding, Phase (waves), X-ray optics, MicroMegas detector, Image resolution, Order of magnitude
Abstract: A low background Micromegas X-ray detector has been used to search for solar axions in the CAST experiment at CERN. The detector has an active area of 7cm times 7cm, excellent spatial resolution (~70nm), and good energy resolution. It is built using low radioactivity materials and the obtained background level is below 5times10-5 counts/keV/cm2/s. The detector is being upgraded for the second phase of the experiment (2006-2007) with a reduced active area. A focusing X-Ray optic and improved shielding will be used to further reduce the background by approximately two orders of magnitude.
Published: 2006
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17. A LOW BACKGROUND MICROMEGAS DETECTOR FOR THE CAST EXPERIMENT

Author: I. G. Irastorza, P. Contrepois, Ph. Abbon, N. Duportail, A. Giganon, M. J. Pivovaroff, M. Riallot, T. Dafni, Regina Soufli, J. Morales, S. Cazaux, E. Ferrer Ribas, I. Giomataris, T. Decker, T. Geralis, G. Zaffanela, K. Zachariadou, R. M. Hill, S. Andriamonje, S. Aune, Georgios Fanourakis, M. Gros, Konstantinos Kousouris, and D. Besin
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Optics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, MicroMegas detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), business
Abstract: A low background Micromegas detector has been operating on the CAST experiment at CERN for the search of solar axions during the first phase of the experiment (2002-2004). The detector operated efficiently and achieved a very low level of background rejection ($5\times 10^{-5}$ counts keV$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$) thanks to its good spatial and energy resolution as well as the low radioactivity materials used in the construction of the detector. For the second phase of the experiment (2005-2007), the detector will be upgraded by adding a shielding and including focusing optics. These improvements should allow for a background rejection better than two orders of magnitude., 6 pages, 3 figures To appear on the proceedings of the 9th ICATPP Conference on AStroparticle, Particle, Space Physics, Detectors and Medical Physics Applications
Published: 2006
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18. ERRATUM: 'H2FORMATION ON GRAIN SURFACES' (2004, ApJ, 604, 222)

Author: S. Cazaux and Aggm Tielens
Subjects: Physics, Incident wave, Space and Planetary Science, Quantum mechanics, Thermal, Order (ring theory), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Transmission coefficient, Atomic physics, Table (information), Potential energy, Energy (signal processing), Quantum tunnelling
Abstract: As noted by Bai & Goodman (2009), the equations for the transmission coefficients to go from a site i to a site j in Cazaux & Tielens (2004) erroneously omitted a key factor and also contained a typo. The correct equations are These equations differ from Equations (1) and (2) of the original paper in the additional factor &sqrt;{{E-B_{ij}}/{E}}, which is the ratio of the transmitted over the incident wave numbers, with a change of variable in order to define the energy E as being zero at the bottom of the potential well i (e.g., for T pc, the energy of the atom is defined from the physisorbed site). The relevant energies Bi , Bj , and Bij are summarized in Table 1 where—compared to the original paper—a small typo in the expression for the Bij has been corrected as well. Note that Bij is negative with these definitions and the omitted factor can greatly increase the values of the transmission coefficient for an H atom to go from a physisorbed site to a chemisorbed site. As a result, the probability for a physisorbed H atom to become chemisorbed increases. By the same token, the H2 formation efficiency will also increase. Using the parameters for the potential energy curves as described in Figure 15 of Cazaux & Tielens (2004), Figure 1 shows the corrected efficiencies for H2 formation on olivine and carbonaceous surfaces. For grain temperatures higher than 25 K, these efficiencies are ~3.5 times higher than without the correction. For lower temperatures, where H2 formation from physisorbed H atoms dominates, the efficiencies remain unchanged. The general expressions for the H2 formation efficiency obtained in Cazaux & Tielens (2002, Equation (9)) and Cazaux & Tielens (2004, Equation (19)) remain valid. However, the expression for αpc is calculated from the transmission coefficients that were previously underestimated. Therefore, the corrected expression for αpc is where the first term is the mobility through tunneling and the second term through thermal hopping. In the original paper, the tunneling term was not taken into account because tunneling was only important at low dust temperatures and, for those conditions, direct recombination of physisorbed atoms dominates H2 formation. With the corrected expression, this term has to be taken into account.
Published: 2010
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19. Micromegas for Axion Search and Prospects

Author: S. Cazaux, N. Duportail, M. Riallot, T. Geralis, S. Aune, Thomas Papaevangelou, D. Besin, Javier Galan, Regina Soufli, R. M. Hill, J. Morales, B.O. Dogan, I. G. Irastorza, Georgios Fanourakis, Konstantinos Kousouris, M. J. Pivovaroff, T. Decker, M. Gros, T. Dafni, J. Ruz, Ph. Abbon, E. Ferrer Ribas, S. Andriamonje, K. van Bibber, G. Zaffanela, K. Zachariadou, A. Giganon, and I. Giomataris
Subjects: Physics, History, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, MicroMegas detector, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Telescope, Nuclear physics, law, Electromagnetic shielding, Axion, Energy (signal processing), Order of magnitude
Abstract: The Micromegas technology can be used to construct very powerful detectors for low background, low energy measurements. A Micromegas X-ray detector has been used to search for solar axions in the CAST experiment at CERN. The detector has an active area of 7 cm × 7 cm, a very good x-y position, and a good energy resolution. It is built using low radioactivity materials and it is capable of low energy X-ray measurements of a few hundred eV. Despite the lack of external shielding the obtained background level is below 5 × 105 counts/keV/cm2/s. The detector is being upgraded with a reduced active area Micromegas module, a focusing X-Ray telescope and shielding, which are expected to further reduce the background by about two orders of magnitude.
Published: 2007
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20. Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA: an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy

Author: K. Ziȩtara, A. Konopelko, J. Rico, Philippe Laporte, Tatsuo Yoshida, A. Etchegoyen, Dennis Haefner, C. Morello, L. Garrido, Philip Kaaret, T. Yamamoto, F. Di Pierro, Wystan Benbow, B. Sacco, T. O. B. Schmidt, T. Krähenbühl, N. Geffroy, I. M. McHardy, Toru Tanimori, A. Salini, F. Grañena, A. Liolios, A. C. Rovero, A. Mendes, Etienne Lyard, Juan Abel Barrio, Jürgen Schmoll, R. Dubois, A. N. Otte, J. Bolmont, S. Rivoire, K. Berger, A. Nikolaidis, J.-P. Ernenwein, A. Bobkov, D. Allan, C. Schultz, Masayuki Tanaka, G. Deleglise, Oliver Grimm, Ł. Płatos, O. Tibolla, M. Gochna, S. Schwarzburg, H. Arnaldi, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Valerie Connaughton, Adriano Fontana, D. Nedbal, P. Jean, Alejandro Ibarra, S. Spyrou, Gustavo E. Romero, Judith H. Croston, F. Feinstein, L. Tibaldo, M. Benallou, Shinji Hara, D. Florin, A. E. Szymkowiak, J.L. Van der Walt, Stefano Covino, Shigehiro Nagataki, G. Busetto, P. Nayman, G. Lamanna, William J. Potter, Tadashi Kifune, O. Corpace, M. Bourgeat, N. Webb, J. K. Becker, K. Hultquist, P. Majumdar, Anna Szostek, M. Compin, Petter Hofverberg, Dimitrios Emmanoulopoulos, J. Ingjald, R. Kossakowski, A. Mangano, Kunihito Ioka, Jonathan Granot, S. Buson, P. Manigot, J. M. Paredes, M. Gómez Berisso, Massimiliano Belluso, A. Kretzschmann, M. Stodulski, L. Venter, Artemio Herrero, Nu. Komin, German Hermann, Dorota Sobczyńska, Reinhard Schlickeiser, Akira Okumura, Felix Spanier, Gareth Hughes, J. Carr, Antonio Stamerra, Norita Kawanaka, T. Shibata, R. C. Shellard, Dieter H. H. Hoffmann, B. Yoffo, T. Dettlaff, R. G. Talbot, L. Fresnillo, A. Manalaysay, I. Jung, Kohta Murase, Geza Gyuk, C. Farnier, J. C. Marin, Julian Sitarek, Francesco Dazzi, H. Ohka, C. Skole, C. Ghag, Patrick Vogler, M. Hauser, M. Cailles, K. Nishijima, Yutaka Fujita, J. Berdugo, Luke O'c. Drury, Naoto Sakaki, F. Köck, P. Sutcliffe, Luis Ángel Tejedor, Hugh Dickinson, Denis Bastieri, Q. Weitzel, Ryoji Enomoto, Josep Colomé, Luigi Lessio, B. Peyaud, C. L. Naumann, Michael Punch, S. Rodriguez, Lucy Fortson, J. P. Osborne, J. Kotula, Piero Giubilato, J. Dyks, W. Kluźniak, T. Schweizer, M. Rataj, Allan Hallgren, Matthew Wood, David Gascon, M. Doert, R. Wawrzaszek, Daniela Hadasch, H. Castarede, P. Wawer, M. Kapala, J.-M. Reymond, A.A. Zdziarski, E. De Cea del Pozo, K. Farakos, D. Corti, A. St. J. Murphy, Mosè Mariotti, Kazutaka Yamaoka, T. C. Arlen, Christian Fruck, Francesco Russo, Stefano Gabici, T. Bernardino, B. Khélifi, B. Huber, T. Glanzman, J. Michałowski, Mark I. Wilkinson, M. Suchenek, Massimo Persic, I. Monteiro, M. I. Martínez, V. Sahakian, R. Firpo, Seth Digel, V. La Parola, F. Roy, Regis Terrier, E. Fokitis, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, D. Melkumyan, E. Edy, Stefano Basso, J. Knapp, Cameron B Rulten, A. Niedźwiecki, Karol Seweryn, Karl-Heinz Sulanke, B. Rudak, V. Scapin, R. Wischnewski, Ricardo Graciani, Gianluca Giavitto, Matthias Beilicke, K. Nakayama, Thomas Schanz, A. Sillanpää, G. Motta, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Elina Lindfors, Hannes Jensen, Henric Krawczynski, Catherine Boisson, C. Medina, Dinko Dimitrov, Karen Byrum, M. Shayduk, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, Richard White, Kazunori Kohri, I. Oya, T. Greenshaw, C. Olivetto, Tomasz Szepieniec, R. D. Parsons, Fuyuki Tokanai, Jerzy Grygorczuk, V. Scalzotto, S. Rosier-Lees, Dainis Dravins, Jacco Vink, Włodzimierz Piechocki, F. Stinzing, Felix Ryde, P. Ristori, N. A. McCubbin, M. Hayashida, Martin J. Hardcastle, G.W. Fraser, S. Paiano, S. Blake, U. Barres de Almeida, S. Federici, M. Corlier, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Łukasz Stawarz, Michael S. Briggs, Yvonne Becherini, Martin Pohl, Daniel Mazin, B. Decerprit, Yukikatsu Terada, J. F. Huppert, P. J. Rajda, Justin Vandenbroucke, S. Schlenstedt, S. Renner, Ł. Wiśniewski, Dieter Horns, T. B. Humensky, Takeshi Nakamori, Andreas Quirrenbach, Asdrúbal Enrique Bottani, P. Vallania, B. García, H. von Gunten, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Takashi Saito, Marcos Daniel Actis, Jacek Niemiec, W. Gäbele, C. van Eldik, Olaf Reimer, P. Corona, Robert D. Preece, C. Reimann, Pierre Brun, Thomas Bretz, R. Moderski, Eric Delagnes, Gilles Henri, W. Domainko, P. H. Tam, J. Schultze, A. Weinstein, M. Schroedter, A. Vollhardt, Stavros Maltezos, A. Wierzcholska, P. M. Chadwick, Fabrice Mottez, S. Steiner, M. Dyrda, S. Sun, Victor Stamatescu, M. Bogdan, Felix Aharonian, Hajime Takami, M. Winde, Evgeni Ovcharov, M. Panter, Shohei Yanagita, T. Jogler, Thomas Kihm, P. Micolon, S. J. Nolan, David A. Williams, Joachim Hahn, Q. Xiong, Nikolaos Stergioulas, J. Gaweda, R. Mirzoyan, Nektarios Vlahakis, J. Becerra, N. Fouque, M. Ribordy, V. Vassiliev, Claes Fransson, R. L. C. Starling, J. M. Huet, J. Ruppel, J.-P. Lenain, Enrico Giro, J. Ripken, T. Haubold, A. Lopatin, Joseph Silk, J. Borkowski, P. Lubinski, T. Le Flour, R. Platzer, A. Di Paolo, Reiko Orito, O. C. de Jager, C. Eleftheriadis, A. Gonzalez, T. J. L. McComb, U. Schwanke, S. Brau-Nogue, Yutaka Ohira, Philipp Mertsch, Daniel Ferenc, Maria Concetta Maccarone, F. Gonzalez, V. Golev, Osvaldo Catalano, V. Bugaev, C. Clerc, Michał Szanecki, C. Delgado, L. Pogosyan, M. Renaud, G. Pivato, Sabine Elles, E. J. Quel, R. J. García López, M. Videla, Stefan Funk, H. Vankov, A. Le Padellec, Michele Doro, Saverio Lombardi, S. Pita, A. Wolczko, G. Disset, U. Roeser, Abraham D. Falcone, I. Telezhinsky, S. Artmann, Pierre Colin, M. Chikawa, Daniela Dorner, G. Fontaine, Wolfgang Rhode, C. Baixeras, K. Mori, H. Prokoph, Giancarlo Cusumano, J. L. Dournaux, F. Toussenel, C. Dufour, Ilana M. Braun, Riccardo Paoletti, A. R. Knappy, Sergio Billotta, F. Krennrich, S. Karkar, Anne M. Green, Takanori Yoshikoshi, I. de la Calle Perez, Masahiro Teshima, M. Janiak, C. Stegmann, H. Wetteskind, Marco Tavani, Kostas D. Kokkotas, C. Föhr, J. L. Panazol, S. Cantu, C. Tenzer, I. Vegas, M. Grudzińska, Elisabetta Bissaldi, S. Bajtlik, A. Jacholkowska, P. Małkiewicz, M. Ostrowski, Reshmi Mukherjee, Mario Meucci, Tarek M. Hassan, W. Bednarek, Rodolfo Canestrari, Stefan Wagner, Teresa Mineo, N. Karlsson, M. Tluczykont, A. E. Suárez, David Kieda, R. Steenkamp, Grzegorz Kowal, C. Gasq, Loukas Vlahos, Kathrin Egberts, K. Kosack, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, Adriano Ghedina, Frank M. Rieger, P. Zychowski, J. Bähr, P. Wegner, P. Ziółkowski, Shigeto Kabuki, G. Papyan, Dario Hrupec, P. T. O'Brien, Oscar Blanch, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Robert Wagner, Thomas Lohse, Susumu Inoue, U. Straumann, J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, C. Maña, Matteo Cerruti, P. Antoranz, Ll. Font, R. Sugawara, M. Casiraghi, C. Kalkuhl, Subir Sarkar, Jelena Aleksić, Juan Cortina, J. Pallota, L. Brunetti, Petar Temnikov, Tomasz Bulik, L. O. Takalo, G. Vasileiadis, Riccardo Rando, J. H. Buckley, V. de Souza, Sera Markoff, G. Pareschi, P. Kostka, J. Grube, M. Tokarz, Manel Errando, David Fink, C. Barbier, Marek Sikora, J. P. Tavernet, Yasushi Fukazawa, Werner Hofmann, K. Takahashi, B. Wagner, David Paneque, M. Barcelo, L. Guglielmi, S. Royer, Rika Hagiwara, Nestor Mirabal, R. A. Cameron, R. Walter, G. De La Vega, Jim Hinton, Garret Cotter, M. Sofo Haro, Peter Walter, R. Gredig, S. Vorobiov, A. Bouvier, B. Lieunard, V. A. Kudryavtsev, Mauro Ghigo, John H. Seiradakis, Konrad Bernlöhr, M. de Naurois, A. Yoshida, F. Sánchez, K. Katarzyński, C. Veyssiere, Leszek Bogacz, B. Moal, A. Reimer, J. Koziol, Thomas J. Maccarone, G. Pojmanski, E. Carmona, C. Bauer, Andreu Sanuy, V. J. Guarino, Marc Ribó, Vincenzo Testa, H. Huan, C. Jablonski, Tsuguya Naito, C. Lavalley, M. Karczewski, G. Agnetta, Giovanni Bonanno, A. Zajczyk, C. Díaz, J. Kasperek, E. Lorenz, P. Vincent, K. Saito, S. Cazaux, S. Selmane, B. Kȩdziora, Y. A. Gallant, Serena Mattiazzo, Emilio Molinari, N. La Barbera, Hidetoshi Kubo, M. K. Daniel, Katsuaki Asano, Tanyu Bonev, A. Cillis, L. A. Otero, Gernot Maier, M. Cieślar, M. Ciesielska, Shuichi Gunji, E. Gianakaki, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, Apostolos Mastichiadis, S. P. Wakely, G. La Rosa, C. Boutonnet, V. Zitelli, I. Ochoa, M. Raue, E. Fillin-Martino, Ingomar Allekotte, J. P. Vialle, G. Vallejo, Ryo Yamazaki, C. Tchernin, Anna Barnacka, Andrea Santangelo, P. Ringegni, James Chiang, Aya Bamba, B. Giebels, A. Förster, Heide Costantini, N. Galante, R. S. Warwick, Michiko Ohishi, O. Reimann, Guillaume Dubus, K. Kodani, Olga Botner, Andreas Zech, Paolo De Coppi, Louis Antonelli, A. Pepato, A. De Angelis, M. Scarcioffolo, E. M. Santos, Christoph Deil, T. Bird, T. Kneiske, Daniele Spiga, B. Behera, Jürgen Knödlseder, L. Rob, G. Pedaletti, P. Munar, J.F. Glicenstein, Aris Karastergiou, A. Djannati-Ataï, B. Courty, R. A. Ong, J. Dick, Paolo Conconi, S. Giarrusso, G. Maneva, E. Salazar, A. Saggion, E. Birsin, Adrian Biland, Markus Gaug, Gino Tosti, M. Á. Sánchez Conde, Abelardo Moralejo, Chad Finley, J. D. Ponz, Hideaki Katagiri, A. M. Lopez, G. Pühlhofer, M. Yonetani, Emmanuel Moulin, E. Aliu, R. Kankanyan, Hiroyasu Tajima, F. Mirabel, Jan Conrad, R. Sternberger, Diego F. Torres, P.H. Carton, P.-O. Petrucci, L. Sapozhnikov, A. Schulz, J. Krause, B. De Lotto, J. P. Finley, J. Boix, Volker Beckmann, S. Klepser, Jun Kakuwa, Dimitris Balis, Hironori Matsumoto, R. Welsing, Matthew R. Orr, Dominique Durand, O. Luz, Nina Nowak, J. M. Illa, A. Aravantinos, P. Romano, A. Oziȩbło, Alessandro Carosi, Keith Bechtol, Elisa Prandini, S. Cavazzani, A. Zagdański, Francesca Volpe, Helene Sol, Ryan Heller, S. Vercellone, A. Bonardi, D. Garrido, Jose Miguel Miranda, Jürgen Barnstedt, Hiroshi Muraishi, Nathan Smith, D. Naumann, German Martinez, F.C. Antico, Kenji Toma, B. Cerruti, S. Couturier, R. Bühler, A. Gadola, F. Guilloux, M. Paz Arribas, F. Dubois, Victor Zabalza, A. G. Akhperjanian, Eckhard Kendziorra, Tomonori Totani, Universitat de Barcelona, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CTA, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), CTA Collaboration, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), M., Acti, G., Agnetta, F., Aharonian, A., Akhperjanian, J., Aleksic, E., Aliu, D., Allan, I., Allekotte, F., Antico, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, A., Aravantino, T., Arlen, H., Arnaldi, S., Artmann, K., Asano, H., Asorey, J., Baehr, A., Bai, C., Baixera, S., Bajtlik, D., Bali, A., Bamba, C., Barbier, M., Barcelo, A., Barnacka, J., Barnstedt, U. B., De, J. A., Barrio, S., Basso, D., Bastieri, C., Bauer, J., Becerra, Y., Becherini, K., Bechtol, J., Becker, V., Beckmann, W., Bednarek, B., Behera, M., Beilicke, M., Belluso, M., Benallou, W., Benbow, J., Berdugo, K., Berger, T., Bernardino, K., Bernloehr, A., Biland, S., Billotta, T., Bird, E., Birsin, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, S., Blake, O., Blanch, A. A., Bobkov, L., Bogacz, M., Bogdan, C., Boisson, J., Boix, J., Bolmont, G., Bonanno, A., Bonardi, T., Bonev, J., Borkowski, O., Botner, A., Bottani, M., Bourgeat, C., Boutonnet, A., Bouvier, S., Brau Nogue, I., Braun, T., Bretz, M. S., Brigg, P., Brun, L., Brunetti, H., Buckley, V., Bugaev, R., Buehler, T., Bulik, G., Busetto, S., Buson, K., Byrum, M., Caille, R., Cameron, R., Canestrari, S., Cantu, E., Carmona, A., Carosi, J., Carr, P. H., Carton, M., Casiraghi, H., Castarede, O., Catalano, S., Cavazzani, S., Cazaux, B., Cerruti, M., Cerruti, M., Chadwick, J., Chiang, M., Chikawa, M., Cieslar, M., Ciesielska, A., Cilli, C., Clerc, P., Colin, J., Colome, M., Compin, P., Conconi, V., Connaughton, J., Conrad, J. L., Contrera, P., Coppi, M., Corlier, P., Corona, O., Corpace, D., Corti, J., Cortina, H., Costantini, G., Cotter, B., Courty, S., Couturier, S., Covino, J., Croston, G., Cusumano, M. K., Daniel, F., Dazzi, A., Deangeli, E. d., Cea, E. M., De, O. d., Jager, I. d., La, G. D., La, B. D., Lotto, M. d., Nauroi, E. d., Ona, V. d., Souza, B., Decerprit, C., Deil, E., Delagne, G., Deleglise, C., Delgado, T., Dettlaff, A. D., Paolo, F. D., Pierro, C., Diaz, J., Dick, H., Dickinson, S. W., Digel, D., Dimitrov, G., Disset, A., Djannati Ata, M., Doert, W., Domainko, D., Dorner, M., Doro, J. . ., L., D., Dravin, L., Drury, F., Duboi, R., Duboi, G., Dubu, C., Dufour, D., Durand, J., Dyk, M., Dyrda, E., Edy, K., Egbert, C., Eleftheriadi, S., Elle, D., Emmanoulopoulo, R., Enomoto, J. . ., P., M., Errando, A., Etchegoyen, A. D., Falcone, K., Farako, C., Farnier, S., Federici, F., Feinstein, D., Ferenc, E., Fillin Martino, D., Fink, C., Finley, J. P., Finley, R., Firpo, D., Florin, C., Foehr, E., Fokiti, L., Font, G., Fontaine, A., Fontana, A., Foerster, L., Fortson, N., Fouque, C., Fransson, G. W., Fraser, L., Fresnillo, C., Fruck, Y., Fujita, Y., Fukazawa, S., Funk, W., Gaebele, S., Gabici, A., Gadola, N., Galante, Y., Gallant, B., Garcia, R. J., Garcia, D., Garrido, L., Garrido, D., Gascon, C., Gasq, M., Gaug, J., Gaweda, N., Geffroy, C., Ghag, A., Ghedina, M., Ghigo, E., Gianakaki, S., Giarrusso, G., Giavitto, B., Giebel, E., Giro, P., Giubilato, T., Glanzman, J. . ., F., M., Gochna, V., Golev, M. G., Berisso, A., Gonzalez, F., Gonzalez, F., Granena, R., Graciani, J., Granot, R., Gredig, A., Green, T., Greenshaw, O., Grimm, J., Grube, M., Grudzinska, J., Grygorczuk, V., Guarino, L., Guglielmi, F., Guilloux, S., Gunji, G., Gyuk, D., Hadasch, D., Haefner, R., Hagiwara, J., Hahn, A., Hallgren, S., Hara, M. J., Hardcastle, T., Hassan, T., Haubold, M., Hauser, M., Hayashida, R., Heller, G., Henri, G., Hermann, A., Herrero, J. A., Hinton, D., Hoffmann, W., Hofmann, P., Hofverberg, D., Horn, D., Hrupec, H., Huan, B., Huber, J. . ., M., G., Hughe, K., Hultquist, T. B., Humensky, A., Ibarra, J. M., Illa, J., Ingjald, S., Inoue, Y., Inoue, K., Ioka, C., Jablonski, A., Jacholkowska, M., Janiak, P., Jean, H., Jensen, T., Jogler, I., Jung, P., Kaaret, S., Kabuki, J., Kakuwa, C., Kalkuhl, R., Kankanyan, M., Kapala, A., Karastergiou, M., Karczewski, S., Karkar, N., Karlsson, J., Kasperek, H., Katagiri, K., Katarzynski, N., Kawanaka, B., Kedziora, E., Kendziorra, B., Khelifi, D., Kieda, T., Kifune, T., Kihm, S., Klepser, W., Kluzniak, J., Knapp, A. R., Knappy, T., Kneiske, J., Knoedlseder, F., Koeck, K., Kodani, K., Kohri, K., Kokkota, N., Komin, A., Konopelko, K., Kosack, R., Kossakowski, P., Kostka, J., Kotula, G., Kowal, J., Koziol, T., Kraehenbuehl, J., Krause, H., Krawczynski, F., Krennrich, A., Kretzschmann, H., Kubo, V. A., Kudryavtsev, J., Kushida, N. L., Barbera, V. L., Parola, G. L., Rosa, A., Lopez, G., Lamanna, P., Laporte, C., Lavalley, T. L., Flour, A. L., Padellec, L., Lessio, B., Lieunard, E., Lindfor, A., Liolio, T., Lohse, S., Lombardi, A., Lopatin, E., Lorenz, P., Lubinski, O., Luz, E., Lyard, M. C., Maccarone, T., Maccarone, G., Maier, P., Majumdar, S., Maltezo, P., Malkiewicz, C., Mana, A., Manalaysay, G., Maneva, A., Mangano, P., Manigot, J., Marin, M., Mariotti, S., Markoff, G., Martinez, M., Martinez, A., Mastichiadi, H., Matsumoto, S., Mattiazzo, D., Mazin, T. J., L., N., Mccubbin, I., Mchardy, C., Medina, D., Melkumyan, A., Mende, P., Mertsch, M., Meucci, J., Michalowski, P., Micolon, T., Mineo, N., Mirabal, F., Mirabel, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, T., Mizuno, B., Moal, R., Moderski, E., Molinari, I., Monteiro, A., Moralejo, C., Morello, K., Mori, G., Motta, F., Mottez, E., Moulin, R., Mukherjee, P., Munar, H., Muraishi, K., Murase, A. S., Murphy, S., Nagataki, T., Naito, T., Nakamori, K., Nakayama, C., Naumann, D., Naumann, P., Nayman, D., Nedbal, A., Niedzwiecki, J., Niemiec, A., Nikolaidi, K., Nishijima, S. J., Nolan, N., Nowak, P. T., O'Brien, I., Ochoa, Y., Ohira, M., Ohishi, H., Ohka, A., Okumura, C., Olivetto, R. A., Ong, R., Orito, M., Orr, J. P., Osborne, M., Ostrowski, L., Otero, A. N., Otte, E., Ovcharov, I., Oya, A., Ozieblo, S., Paiano, J., Pallota, J. L., Panazol, D., Paneque, M., Panter, R., Paoletti, G., Papyan, J. M., Parede, G., Pareschi, R. D., Parson, M. P., Arriba, G., Pedaletti, A., Pepato, M., Persic, P. O., Petrucci, B., Peyaud, W., Piechocki, S., Pita, G., Pivato, L., Plato, R., Platzer, L., Pogosyan, M., Pohl, G., Pojmanski, J. D., Ponz, W., Potter, E., Prandini, R., Preece, H., Prokoph, G., Puehlhofer, M., Punch, E., Quel, A., Quirrenbach, P., Rajda, R., Rando, M., Rataj, M., Raue, C., Reimann, O., Reimann, A., Reimer, O., Reimer, M., Renaud, S., Renner, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, M., Ribordy, J., Rico, F., Rieger, P., Ringegni, J., Ripken, P., Ristori, S., Rivoire, L., Rob, S., Rodriguez, U., Roeser, P., Romano, G. E., Romero, S., Rosier Lee, A. C., Rovero, F., Roy, S., Royer, B., Rudak, C. B., Rulten, J., Ruppel, F., Russo, F., Ryde, B., Sacco, A., Saggion, V., Sahakian, K., Saito, T., Saito, N., Sakaki, E., Salazar, A., Salini, F., Sanchez, M. A., Sanchez, A., Santangelo, E. M., Santo, A., Sanuy, L., Sapozhnikov, S., Sarkar, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, M., Scarcioffolo, T., Schanz, S., Schlenstedt, R., Schlickeiser, T., Schmidt, J., Schmoll, M., Schroedter, C., Schultz, J., Schultze, A., Schulz, U., Schwanke, S., Schwarzburg, T., Schweizer, J., Seiradaki, S., Selmane, K., Seweryn, M., Shayduk, R. C., Shellard, T., Shibata, M., Sikora, J., Silk, A., Sillanpaa, J., Sitarek, C., Skole, N., Smith, D., Sobczynska, M. S., Haro, H., Sol, F., Spanier, D., Spiga, S., Spyrou, V., Stamatescu, A., Stamerra, R. L., C., L., Stawarz, R., Steenkamp, C., Stegmann, S., Steiner, N., Stergioula, R., Sternberger, F., Stinzing, M., Stodulski, U., Straumann, A., Suarez, M., Suchenek, R., Sugawara, K. H., Sulanke, S., Sun, A. D., Supanitsky, P., Sutcliffe, M., Szanecki, T., Szepieniec, A., Szostek, A., Szymkowiak, G., Tagliaferri, H., Tajima, H., Takahashi, K., Takahashi, L., Takalo, H., Takami, R. G., Talbot, P. H., Tam, M., Tanaka, T., Tanimori, M., Tavani, C., Tchernin, L. A., Tejedor, I., Telezhinsky, P., Temnikov, C., Tenzer, Y., Terada, R., Terrier, M., Teshima, V., Testa, L., Tibaldo, O., Tibolla, M., Tluczykont, C. J., Todero, F., Tokanai, M., Tokarz, K., Toma, D. F., Torre, G., Tosti, T., Totani, F., Toussenel, P., Vallania, G., Vallejo, J. v., Der, C. v., Eldik, J., Vandenbroucke, H., Vankov, G., Vasileiadi, V. V., Vassiliev, I., Vega, L., Venter, S., Vercellone, C., Veyssiere, J. P., Vialle, M., Videla, P., Vincent, J., Vink, N., Vlahaki, L., Vlaho, P., Vogler, A., Vollhardt, F., Volpe, H. P., Von, S., Vorobiov, S., Wagner, R. M., Wagner, B., Wagner, S. P., Wakely, P., Walter, R., Walter, R., Warwick, P., Wawer, R., Wawrzaszek, N., Webb, P., Wegner, A., Weinstein, Q., Weitzel, R., Welsing, H., Wetteskind, R., White, A., Wierzcholska, M. I., Wilkinson, D. A., William, M., Winde, R., Wischnewski, L., Wisniewski, A., Wolczko, M., Wood, Q., Xiong, T., Yamamoto, K., Yamaoka, R., Yamazaki, S., Yanagita, B., Yoffo, M., Yonetani, A., Yoshida, T., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, V., Zabalza, A., Zagdanski, A., Zajczyk, A., Zdziarski, A., Zech, K., Zietara, P., Ziolkowski, V., Zitelli, and P., Zychowski
Subjects: Next generation Cherenkov telescopes, Ciencias Astronómicas, IACT, next generation Cherenkov telescopes, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Design concepts, Ground based gamma ray astronomy, Observatory, Gamma ray astronomy, Instruments astronòmics, Ingeniería Aeronáutica, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, Physics, Bursts, Radiation, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Particles, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Magic Telescope, design concepts, Electricidad, Simulation, GAMMA-RAY PULSARS, Optical-System, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV TELESCOPE, VHE Gamma ray, QUASAR, cosmic rays, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Partícules (Física nuclear), 0103 physical sciences, Astronomia de raigs gamma, 14. Life underwater, 1St Detection, Cherenkov radiation, Particles (Nuclear physics), Astroparticle physics, Telescopis, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy, Astronomical instruments, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, Cosmic-Rays, Cherenkov Telescope Array, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Induced Air-Showers, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Next generation Cherenkov telescope, Tev, ground based gamma ray astronomy, Telescopes
Abstract: Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Departamento de Aeronáutica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas
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21. CO Depletion: A Microscopic Perspective.

Author: S. Cazaux, R. Martín-Doménech, Y. J. Chen, G. M. Muñoz Caro, and C. González Díaz
Subjects: *INTERPLANETARY dust, *STAR formation, *ICE sheets, *DIFFUSION, *BINDING energy
Abstract: In regions where stars form, variations in density and temperature can cause gas to freeze out onto dust grains forming ice mantles, which influences the chemical composition of a cloud. The aim of this paper is to understand in detail the depletion (and desorption) of CO on (from) interstellar dust grains. Experimental simulations were performed under two different (astrophysically relevant) conditions. In parallel, Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations were used to mimic the experimental conditions. In our experiments, CO molecules accrete onto water ice at temperatures below 27 K, with a deposition rate that does not depend on the substrate temperature. During the warm-up phase, the desorption processes do exhibit subtle differences, indicating the presence of weakly bound CO molecules, therefore highlighting a low diffusion efficiency. IR measurements following the ice thickness during the TPD confirm that diffusion occurs at temperatures close to the desorption. Applied to astrophysical conditions, in a pre-stellar core, the binding energies of CO molecules, ranging between 300 and 850 K, depend on the conditions at which CO has been deposited. Because of this wide range of binding energies, the depletion of CO as a function of AV is much less important than initially thought. The weakly bound molecules, easily released into the gas phase through evaporation, change the balance between accretion and desorption, which result in a larger abundance of CO at high extinctions. In addition, weakly bound CO molecules are also more mobile, and this could increase the reactivity within interstellar ices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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22. A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk.

Author: Berné O, Habart E, Peeters E, Schroetter I, Canin A, Sidhu A, Chown R, Bron E, Haworth TJ, Klaassen P, Trahin B, Van De Putte D, Alarcón F, Zannese M, Abergel A, Bergin EA, Bernard-Salas J, Boersma C, Cami J, Cuadrado S, Dartois E, Dicken D, Elyajouri M, Fuente A, Goicoechea JR, Gordon KD, Issa L, Joblin C, Kannavou O, Khan B, Lacinbala O, Languignon D, Le Gal R, Maragkoudakis A, Meshaka R, Okada Y, Onaka T, Pasquini S, Pound MW, Robberto M, Röllig M, Schefter B, Schirmer T, Simmer T, Tabone B, Tielens AGGM, Vicente S, Wolfire MG, Aleman I, Allamandola L, Auchettl R, Baratta GA, Baruteau C, Bejaoui S, Bera PP, Black JH, Boulanger F, Bouwman J, Brandl B, Brechignac P, Brünken S, Buragohain M, Burkhardt A, Candian A, Cazaux S, Cernicharo J, Chabot M, Chakraborty S, Champion J, Colgan SWJ, Cooke IR, Coutens A, Cox NLJ, Demyk K, Meyer JD, Engrand C, Foschino S, García-Lario P, Gavilan L, Gerin M, Godard M, Gottlieb CA, Guillard P, Gusdorf A, Hartigan P, He J, Herbst E, Hornekaer L, Jäger C, Janot-Pacheco E, Kaufman M, Kemper F, Kendrew S, Kirsanova MS, Knight C, Kwok S, Labiano Á, Lai TS, Lee TJ, Lefloch B, Le Petit F, Li A, Linz H, Mackie CJ, Madden SC, Mascetti J, McGuire BA, Merino P, Micelotta ER, Morse JA, Mulas G, Neelamkodan N, Ohsawa R, Paladini R, Palumbo ME, Pathak A, Pendleton YJ, Petrignani A, Pino T, Puga E, Rangwala N, Rapacioli M, Ricca A, Roman-Duval J, Roueff E, Rouillé G, Salama F, Sales DA, Sandstrom K, Sarre P, Sciamma-O'Brien E, Sellgren K, Shannon MJ, Simonnin A, Shenoy SS, Teyssier D, Thomas RD, Togi A, Verstraete L, Witt AN, Wootten A, Ysard N, Zettergren H, Zhang Y, Zhang ZE, and Zhen J
Abstract: Most low-mass stars form in stellar clusters that also contain massive stars, which are sources of far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation. Theoretical models predict that this FUV radiation produces photodissociation regions (PDRs) on the surfaces of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars, which affects planet formation within the disks. We report James Webb Space Telescope and Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of a FUV-irradiated protoplanetary disk in the Orion Nebula. Emission lines are detected from the PDR; modeling their kinematics and excitation allowed us to constrain the physical conditions within the gas. We quantified the mass-loss rate induced by the FUV irradiation and found that it is sufficient to remove gas from the disk in less than a million years. This is rapid enough to affect giant planet formation in the disk.
Published: 2024
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23. Hydrogen peroxide at the poles of Ganymede.

Author: Trumbo SK, Brown ME, Bockelée-Morvan D, de Pater I, Fouchet T, Wong MH, Cazaux S, Fletcher LN, de Kleer K, Lellouch E, Mura A, Poch O, Quirico E, Rodriguez-Ovalle P, Showalter MR, Tiscareno MS, and Tosi F
Abstract: Ganymede is the only satellite in the solar system known to have an intrinsic magnetic field. Interactions between this field and the Jovian magnetosphere are expected to funnel most of the associated impinging charged particles, which radiolytically alter surface chemistry across the Jupiter system, to Ganymede's polar regions. Using observations obtained with JWST as part of the Early Release Science program exploring the Jupiter system, we report the discovery of hydrogen peroxide, a radiolysis product of water ice, specifically constrained to the high latitudes. This detection directly implies radiolytic modification of the polar caps by precipitation of Jovian charged particles along partially open field lines within Ganymede's magnetosphere. Stark contrasts between the spatial distribution of this polar hydrogen peroxide, those of Ganymede's other radiolytic oxidants, and that of hydrogen peroxide on neighboring Europa have important implications for understanding water-ice radiolysis throughout the solar system.
Published: 2023
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24. Jupiter Science Enabled by ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer.

Author: Fletcher LN, Cavalié T, Grassi D, Hueso R, Lara LM, Kaspi Y, Galanti E, Greathouse TK, Molyneux PM, Galand M, Vallat C, Witasse O, Lorente R, Hartogh P, Poulet F, Langevin Y, Palumbo P, Gladstone GR, Retherford KD, Dougherty MK, Wahlund JE, Barabash S, Iess L, Bruzzone L, Hussmann H, Gurvits LI, Santolik O, Kolmasova I, Fischer G, Müller-Wodarg I, Piccioni G, Fouchet T, Gérard JC, Sánchez-Lavega A, Irwin PGJ, Grodent D, Altieri F, Mura A, Drossart P, Kammer J, Giles R, Cazaux S, Jones G, Smirnova M, Lellouch E, Medvedev AS, Moreno R, Rezac L, Coustenis A, and Costa M
Abstract: ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) will provide a detailed investigation of the Jovian system in the 2030s, combining a suite of state-of-the-art instruments with an orbital tour tailored to maximise observing opportunities. We review the Jupiter science enabled by the JUICE mission, building on the legacy of discoveries from the Galileo, Cassini, and Juno missions, alongside ground- and space-based observatories. We focus on remote sensing of the climate, meteorology, and chemistry of the atmosphere and auroras from the cloud-forming weather layer, through the upper troposphere, into the stratosphere and ionosphere. The Jupiter orbital tour provides a wealth of opportunities for atmospheric and auroral science: global perspectives with its near-equatorial and inclined phases, sampling all phase angles from dayside to nightside, and investigating phenomena evolving on timescales from minutes to months. The remote sensing payload spans far-UV spectroscopy (50-210 nm), visible imaging (340-1080 nm), visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (0.49-5.56 μm), and sub-millimetre sounding (near 530-625 GHz and 1067-1275 GHz). This is coupled to radio, stellar, and solar occultation opportunities to explore the atmosphere at high vertical resolution; and radio and plasma wave measurements of electric discharges in the Jovian atmosphere and auroras. Cross-disciplinary scientific investigations enable JUICE to explore coupling processes in giant planet atmospheres, to show how the atmosphere is connected to (i) the deep circulation and composition of the hydrogen-dominated interior; and (ii) to the currents and charged particle environments of the external magnetosphere. JUICE will provide a comprehensive characterisation of the atmosphere and auroras of this archetypal giant planet., Competing Interests: Competing InterestsThe authors declare that they have no competing financial or non-financial interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article., (© The Author(s) 2023.)
Published: 2023
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25. Metabolites Profiling of Manilkara mabokeensis Aubrév Bark and Investigation of Biological Activities.

Author: Worowounga X, Rahmani R, Namkona AF, Cazaux S, Syssa-Magalé JL, Matondo H, and Bouajila J
Abstract: Manilkara mabokeensis Aubrév is a tree that belongs to the Sapotaceae family, native to the tropical forest in Latin America, Asia, Australia, and Africa. The bark of this species is used as traditional medicine to treat diseases. The present study is the first phytochemical investigation on M. mabokeensis Aubrév bark in terms of phytochemical composition and bioactivity. Among the different extracts, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) exhibited the highest values of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), condensed tannin content (CTC), and reducing sugar content, as well as a high antioxidant activity. Interestingly, gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were enabled to identify 23 compounds in the essential oil of M. mabokeensis Aubrév bark, which have not been previously described in the literature. Phytol and 8,14-cedranoxide were the major identified compounds, with area percentages of 27.9 and 18.8%, respectively. For HPLC analysis, 3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester showed the highest concentration with 61.8 mg/g of dry residue (dr) among other identified molecules. Manilkara mabokeensis Aubrév bark MeOH extract showed a good anti-15-lipoxygenase (anti-15-LOX) and anti-acetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE) activities of 65.8 and 71.0%, respectively, while it exhibited a moderate antixanthine oxidase (anti-XOD) activity (41.5%) at 50 μ g/mL. Furthermore, cyclohexane (CYHA) and ethyl acetate induced the highest cytotoxicity against the human ovarian cancer cell lines, OVCAR (49.5%) and IGROV (48.7%), respectively. Taken together, obtained results argue that M. mabokeensis Aubrév bark is an excellent source of natural compounds and justify its use in folk medicine., Competing Interests: The authors confirm that they have no conflicts of interest with respect to the work described in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2022 Xavier Worowounga et al.)
Published: 2022
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26. Ultrasonic Propagation in Liquid and Ice Water Drops. Effect of Porosity.

Author: Mendonck M, Aparicio S, González Díaz C, Hernández MG, Muñoz Caro GM, Anaya JJ, and Cazaux S
Abstract: This work studies ultrasonic propagation in liquid and ice water drops. The effect of porosity on attenuation of ultrasonic waves in the drops is also explored. The motivation of this research was the possible application of ultrasonic techniques to the study of interstellar and cometary ice analogs. These ice analogs, made by vapor deposition onto a cold substrate at 10 K, can display high porosity values up to 40%. We found that the ultrasonic pulse was fully attenuated in such ice, and decided to grow ice samples by freezing a liquid drop. Several experiments were performed using liquid or frozen water drops with and without pores. An ultrasonic pulse was transmitted through each drop and measured. This method served to estimate the ultrasonic velocity of each drop by measuring drop size and time-of-flight of ultrasonic transmission. Propagation of ultrasonic waves in these drops was also simulated numerically using the SimNDT program developed by the authors. After that, the ultrasonic velocity was related with the porosity using a micromechanical model. It was found that a low value of porosity in the ice is sufficient to attenuate the ultrasonic propagation. This explains the observed lack of transmission in porous astrophysical ice analogs.
Published: 2021
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27. Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS) II. On the quest for the sulphur reservoir in molecular clouds: the H 2 S case.

Author: Navarro-Almaida D, Le Gal R, Fuente A, Rivière-Marichalar P, Wakelam V, Cazaux S, Caselli P, Laas JC, Alonso-Albi T, Loison JC, Gerin M, Kramer C, Roueff E, Bachiller R, Commerçon B, Friesen R, García-Burillo S, Goicoechea JR, Giuliano BM, Jiménez-Serra I, Kirk JM, Lattanzi V, Malinen J, Marcelino N, Martín-Domènech R, Muñoz Caro GM, Pineda J, Tercero B, Treviño-Morales SP, Roncero O, Hacar A, Tafalla M, and Ward-Thompson D
Abstract: Context: Sulphur is one of the most abundant elements in the Universe. Surprisingly, sulphuretted molecules are not as abundant as expected in the interstellar medium and the identity of the main sulphur reservoir is still an open question., Aims: Our goal is to investigate the H 2 S chemistry in dark clouds, as this stable molecule is a potential sulphur reservoir., Methods: Using millimeter observations of CS, SO, H 2 S, and their isotopologues, we determine the physical conditions and H 2 S abundances along the cores TMC 1-C, TMC 1-CP, and Barnard 1b. The gas-grain model Nautilus is used to model the sulphur chemistry and explore the impact of photo-desorption and chemical desorption on the H 2 S abundance., Results: Our modeling shows that chemical desorption is the main source of gas-phase H 2 S in dark cores. The measured H 2 S abundance can only be fitted if we assume that the chemical desorption rate decreases by more than a factor of 10 when n H > 2 × 10 4 . This change in the desorption rate is consistent with the formation of thick H 2 S abundances are in good agreement with our predictions adopting an undepleted value of the sulphur abundance. However, the CS abundance is overestimated by a factor of 5 - 10. Along the three cores, atomic S is predicted to be the main sulphur reservoir.2 S abundances are in good agreement with our predictions adopting an undepleted value of the sulphur abundance. However, the CS abundance is overestimated by a factor of 5 - 10. Along the three cores, atomic S is predicted to be the main sulphur reservoir., Conclusions: The gaseous H 2 S abundance is well reproduced, assuming undepleted sulphur abundance and chemical desorption as the main source of H 2 S. The behavior of the observed H 2 S abundance suggests a changing desorption efficiency, which would probe the snowline in these cold cores. Our model, however, highly overestimates the observed gas-phase CS abundance. Given the uncertainty in the sulphur chemistry, we can only conclude that our data are consistent with a cosmic elemental S abundance with an uncertainty of a factor of 10.
Published: 2020
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28. Evaluation of in vitro biological activities: antioxidant; anti-inflammatory; anti-cholinesterase; anti- xanthine oxidase, anti-superoxyde dismutase, anti-α-glucosidase and cytotoxic of 19 bioflavonoids.

Author: Khelifi I, Hayouni EA, Cazaux S, Ksouri R, and Bouajila J
Subjects: Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Antioxidants chemistry, Cell Death drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Flavonoids chemistry, HCT116 Cells, Humans, MCF-7 Cells, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism, Xanthine Oxidase metabolism, alpha-Glucosidases metabolism, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Cholinesterase Inhibitors pharmacology, Flavonoids pharmacology, Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors pharmacology, Superoxide Dismutase antagonists & inhibitors, Xanthine Oxidase antagonists & inhibitors
Abstract: Pure compounds belonging to phenolic family were studied for their biological potential such as 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (M1), rutin hydrate (M2), 2,3-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (M3), taxifolin (M4), myricetin (M5), plumbagin (M6), silibinin (M7), dihydromyricetin (M8), shikonin (M9), quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside (M10), (±)-taxifolin hydrate (M11), cardamonin (M12),(-)-epicatechin (M13), 9-chloro-10-hydroxy-anthracene-1,4-dione (M14), 9-chloro-10-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-anthracene-1,4-dione (M15), 2-chloro-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)-1,4-naphthoquinone (M16), 2-chloro-3-(4-hydroxy-phenylamino)-(1,4) naphthoquinone (M17), 2-chloro-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-(1,4)-naphtoquinone (M18), and myricitrin dihydrate (M19). These molecules were chosen based on two reasons; the limited or total absence of their exploitation in several studied activities and the use of other tests for the same activity. The evaluation of the in vitro anti-acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE), anti-5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), anti-xanthine oxidase (XOD), anti-alpha glucosidase, anti-superoxide dismutase (SOD), anti-oxidant (DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2, 2- azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate)), and anticancer activities of mentioned 19 molecules was explored during this work. M3, M14, M15, M16, M17, M18, M19 were exploited for the first time for such purposes. Tested compounds were shown to have interesting radical scavenging abilities against DPPH radicals, and the highest molecules among them were M19 and M5 (IC50 = 12.0 and 15.5 µM, respectively), and M4, M19 and M2 against ABTS (IC50= 1.9, 4.3 and 4.3 µM, respectively). Moreover, the majority of products showed very important cytotoxic activity since IC50 values were ranging between (IC50= 0.2 µM (M1) and 79 µM (M8)) against HCT116 cell line, and values of IC50= 0.2 µM for M1 against MCF7 cell line. All new molecules (non studied before) were shown to have great cytotoxic effect against both cancer cell lines.Furthermore, molecule M5 was shown to have anti-inflammatory potential via the inhibition of 5-LOX enzyme (65% at 100 µM). In addition, M19 showed important anti XOD activity with 47% of inhibition at 100 µM. Also, it has been found that compound M3 had the best anti alpha glucosidase activity with 43.8 % of inhibition at 100 µM, the highest anti-AChE effect (IC50= 14.5 µM), and the best effect towards SOD (IC50= 10.0 µM). A structure-activity relationship study was also performed.
Published: 2020

29. Atomic hydrogen interactions with gas-phase coronene cations: hydrogenation versus fragmentation.

Author: Rapacioli M, Cazaux S, Foley N, Simon A, Hoekstra R, and Schlathölter T
Abstract: Sequential hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) cations drives a gradual transition from a planar to a puckered geometry and from an aromatic to an aliphatic electronic structure. The resulting H-induced weakening of the molecular structure together with the exothermic nature of the consecutive H-attachment processes can lead to substantial molecular fragmentation. We have studied H attachment to gas-phase coronene cations in a radiofrequency ion trap using tandem mass spectrometry. With increasing hydrogenation, C2Hi loss and multifragmentation are identified as main de-excitation channels. To understand the dependence of both channels on H-exposure time, we have simulated the molecular stability and fragmentation channels of hydrogenated PAHs using a molecular dynamics approach employing potential energies determined by a density functional based tight binding method. As the coronene fragmentation patterns depend on the balance between energy deposition by H-attachment and the extent of cooling in between subsequent attachment processes, we investigate several scenarios for the energy distribution of hydrogenated PAHs. Good agreement between experiment and simulation is reached, when realistic energy distributions are considered.
Published: 2018
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30. The impact of regional locality on chemical composition, anti-oxidant and biological activities of Thymelaea hirsuta L. extracts.

Author: Yahyaoui M, Bouajila J, Cazaux S, and Abderrabba M
Subjects: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Antioxidants chemistry, Cholinesterase Inhibitors pharmacology, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical methods, Humans, MCF-7 Cells, Phenols analysis, Phytochemicals analysis, Plant Components, Aerial chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Solvents, Tunisia, Xanthine Oxidase antagonists & inhibitors, Antioxidants pharmacology, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plants, Medicinal chemistry, Thymelaeaceae chemistry
Abstract: Background: Thymelaea hirsuta L. is a medicinal plant endemic to Tunisia, commonly used for its biological properties in traditional medicinal., Purpose: This study reports, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, the effect of regional location on the chemical composition, anti-oxidant and biological activities of organics extracts obtained from aerial parts of T. hirsuta., Methods/study Design: The aerial parts collected from different locations were prepared by sequential method with solvents of increasing polarity namely hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol. An assessment of the anti-oxidant properties of all extracts was performed using DPPH and ABTS + assays. We also investigated the anti-cholinesterase, anti-xanthine oxidase and cytotoxic (against MCF-7 and OVCAR) activities., Results: The study of the phytochemical composition showed that the extracts are rich in phenolics (5.38-315.65 mg GAE/g dw) and tannin (0.7-73.8 mg CE/g dw). Also, the results showed that the chemical composition as well as the biological activities varies considerably between regions. The DPPH and ABTS + assays revealed that the highest important antioxidant activity was in the methanolic extract for all localities (IC50: 14.8-16.5 mg/l and 6.4-22.23 mg/l, respectively). However, the various extracts had moderate anti-cholinesterase activity (7.52-45.36%) at 50 mg/l. Regarding the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, ethyl acetate extract exhibited a moderate activity at a 50 mg/l. The highest cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and OVCAR was recorded in the ethyl acetate extract of Fernana region (70.1% and 70.8% inhibition at 50 mg/l, respectively). The analysis of HPLC-UV indicates the presence of several phenolic compounds in different extracts of T. hirsuta, possibly accounting for its biological properties., Conclusion: The phenolic contents were highly correlated to anti-oxidant activity with very high correlation coefficient (R 2 ) values. The findings show that the extracts are rich in antioxidant compounds and this plant may be used as a natural source of bioactive compounds with high anti-oxidant and potential anticancer activities., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2018
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31. Chemical composition and biological activities of extracts and essential oil of Boswellia dalzielii leaves.

Author: Kohoude MJ, Gbaguidi F, Agbani P, Ayedoun MA, Cazaux S, and Bouajila J
Subjects: Alzheimer Disease drug therapy, Alzheimer Disease enzymology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents isolation & purification, Antioxidants isolation & purification, Biphenyl Compounds chemistry, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cholinesterase Inhibitors isolation & purification, Cholinesterase Inhibitors pharmacology, Female, Flame Ionization, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Gout Suppressants isolation & purification, Humans, Hyperuricemia drug therapy, Hyperuricemia enzymology, Lipoxygenase Inhibitors isolation & purification, Lipoxygenase Inhibitors pharmacology, Oils, Volatile isolation & purification, Ovarian Neoplasms drug therapy, Ovarian Neoplasms pathology, Phytotherapy, Picrates chemistry, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Plant Oils isolation & purification, Plants, Medicinal, Solvents chemistry, Xanthine Oxidase antagonists & inhibitors, Xanthine Oxidase metabolism, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Boswellia chemistry, Gout Suppressants pharmacology, Oils, Volatile pharmacology, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Leaves chemistry, Plant Oils pharmacology
Abstract: Context: Boswellia dalzielii Hutch. (Burseraceae) is an aromatic plant. The leaves are used for beverage flavouring., Objective: This study investigates the chemical composition and biological activities of various extracts., Materials and Methods: The essential oil was prepared via hydrodistillation. Identification and quantification were realized via GC-MS and GC-FID. Consecutive extractions (cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) were carried out and various chemical groups (phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, antocyanins and sugar) were quantified. The volatile compounds of organic extracts were identified before and after derivatization. Antioxidant, antihyperuricemia, anti-Alzheimer, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities were evaluated., Results: In the essential oil, 50 compounds were identified, including 3-carene (27.72%) and α-pinene (15.18%). 2,5-Dihydroxy acetophenone and β-d-xylopyranose were identified in the methanol extract. Higher phenolic (315.97 g GAE/kg dry mass) and flavonoid (37.19 g QE/kg dry mass) contents were observed in the methanol extract. The methanol extract has presented remarkable IC 50 = 6.10 mg/L for antiDPPH, 35.10 mg/L for antixanthine oxidase and 28.01 mg/L for anti-5-lipoxygenase. For acetylcholinesterase inhibition, the best IC 50 (76.20 and 67.10 mg/L) were observed, respectively, with an ethyl acetate extract and the essential oil. At 50 mg/L, the dichloromethane extract inhibited OVCAR-3 cell lines by 65.10%, while cyclohexane extract inhibited IGROV-1 cell lines by 92.60%., Discussion and Conclusion: Biological activities were fully correlated with the chemical groups of the extracts. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts could be considered as potential alternatives for use in dietary supplements for the prevention or treatment of diseases because of these extracts natural antioxidant, antihyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Published: 2017
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32. Bioactive flavones isolated from Tunisian Artemisia campestris L. Leaves.

Author: Metoui R, Bouajila J, Znati M, Cazaux S, Neffati M, and Akrout A
Subjects: Enzyme Activation, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism, Xanthine Oxidase metabolism, Artemisia chemistry, Flavones chemistry, Flavones pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Leaves chemistry
Abstract: Four flavones were isolated from dried leaves of Artemisia campestris L. 2',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-5',6-dimethoxyflavone, eupatilin and dimethoxycentaureidin were reported for the first time in this species whereas cirsiliol was previously identified but it was isolated for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometry analysis. In addition, all isolated flavones were evaluated for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-superoxide dismutase, anti-xanthine oxidase and cytotoxic activities. The results showed that all isolated compounds exhibited potent anti-xanthine oxidase activity with IC50 ranging from 3.3 to 6.8 µM, which was higher than that of the control compound allopurinol (8.2 ± 0.6 µM). In addition, cirsiliol was found to be the most cytotoxic against OVCAR-3, IGROV-1and HCT-116 cell lines at 15µM, with inhibition percentage values of 53.7, 48.8 and 40.9%, respectively. All compounds also showed weak to moderate anti-inflammatory and anti-superoxide dismutase activities.
Published: 2017
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33. The sequence to hydrogenate coronene cations: A journey guided by magic numbers.

Author: Cazaux S, Boschman L, Rougeau N, Reitsma G, Hoekstra R, Teillet-Billy D, Morisset S, Spaans M, and Schlathölter T
Abstract: The understanding of hydrogen attachment to carbonaceous surfaces is essential to a wide variety of research fields and technologies such as hydrogen storage for transportation, precise localization of hydrogen in electronic devices and the formation of cosmic H2. For coronene cations as prototypical Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, the existence of magic numbers upon hydrogenation was uncovered experimentally. Quantum chemistry calculations show that hydrogenation follows a site-specific sequence leading to the appearance of cations having 5, 11, or 17 hydrogen atoms attached, exactly the magic numbers found in the experiments. For these closed-shell cations, further hydrogenation requires appreciable structural changes associated with a high transition barrier. Controlling specific hydrogenation pathways would provide the possibility to tune the location of hydrogen attachment and the stability of the system. The sequence to hydrogenate PAHs, leading to PAHs with magic numbers of H atoms attached, provides clues to understand that carbon in space is mostly aromatic and partially aliphatic in PAHs. PAH hydrogenation is fundamental to assess the contribution of PAHs to the formation of cosmic H2.
Published: 2016
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34. Synchronizing atomic force microscopy force mode and fluorescence microscopy in real time for immune cell stimulation and activation studies.

Author: Cazaux S, Sadoun A, Biarnes-Pelicot M, Martinez M, Obeid S, Bongrand P, Limozin L, and Puech PH
Subjects: Aniline Compounds, Animals, Calcium Signaling immunology, Cell Line, Cells, Immobilized immunology, Fluorescent Dyes, Humans, Jurkat Cells, Lymphocyte Activation, Macrophages immunology, Macrophages metabolism, Mice, Single-Cell Analysis, T-Lymphocytes immunology, T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Xanthenes, rac GTP-Binding Proteins metabolism, Mechanotransduction, Cellular immunology, Microscopy, Atomic Force methods, Microscopy, Fluorescence methods
Abstract: A method is presented for combining atomic force microscopy (AFM) force mode and fluorescence microscopy in order to (a) mechanically stimulate immune cells while recording the subsequent activation under the form of calcium pulses, and (b) observe the mechanical response of a cell upon photoactivation of a small G protein, namely Rac. Using commercial set-ups and a robust signal coupling the fluorescence excitation light and the cantilever bending, the applied force and activation signals were very easily synchronized. This approach allows to control the entire mechanical history of a single cell up to its activation and response down to a few hundreds of milliseconds, and can be extended with very minimal adaptations to other cellular systems where mechanotransduction is studied, using either purely mechanical stimuli or via a surface bound specific ligand., (Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2016
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35. Antioxidant, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities of compounds isolated from the Ferula lutea flowers.

Author: Znati M, Ben Jannet H, Cazaux S, Souchard JP, Harzallah Skhiri F, and Bouajila J
Subjects: Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Antioxidants chemistry, Caffeic Acids chemistry, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Enzyme Inhibitors chemistry, Humans, Molecular Structure, Neoplasms drug therapy, Neoplasms pathology, Quinic Acid pharmacology, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase chemistry, Caffeic Acids pharmacology, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Ferula chemistry, Flowers chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Quinic Acid analogs & derivatives, Quinic Acid chemistry
Abstract: A phytochemical investigation of the Ferula lutea (Poir.) Maire flowers has led to the isolation of a new compound, (E)-5-ethylidenefuran-2(5H)-one-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), designated ferunide, 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid (2), reported for the first time as a natural product, together with nine known compounds, verbenone-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4), methyl caffeate (5), methyl 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinate (6), 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (7), isorhamnetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside, narcissin (8), (-)-marmesin (9), isoimperatorin (10) and 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (11). Compounds 3-10 were identified for the first time in Ferula genus. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments, mass spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis (compound 2), as well as by comparison with literature data. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of isolated compounds were evaluated. Results showed that compound 7 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 18 ± 0.5 µmol/L and 19.7 ± 0.7 µmol/L by DPPH radical and ABTS radical cation, respectively. The compound 6 exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 5.3 ± 0.1 µmol/L against 5-lipoxygenase. In addition, compound 5 was found to be the most cytotoxic, with IC50 values of 22.5 ± 2.4 µmol/L, 17.8 ± 1.1 µmol/L and 25 ± 1.1 µmol/L against the HCT-116, IGROV-1 and OVCAR-3 cell lines, respectively.
Published: 2014
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36. Deexcitation dynamics of superhydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon cations after soft-x-ray absorption.

Author: Reitsma G, Boschman L, Deuzeman MJ, González-Magaña O, Hoekstra S, Cazaux S, Hoekstra R, and Schlathölter T
Abstract: We have investigated the response of superhydrogenated gas-phase coronene cations upon soft x-ray absorption. Carbon (1s)⟶π^{⋆} transitions were resonantly excited at hν=285 eV. The resulting core hole is then filled in an Auger decay process, with the excess energy being released in the form of an Auger electron. Predominantly highly excited dications are thus formed, which cool down by hydrogen emission. In superhydrogenated systems, the additional H atoms act as a buffer, quenching loss of native H atoms and molecular fragmentation. Dissociation and transition state energies for several H loss channels were computed by means of density functional theory. Using these energies as input into an Arrhenius-type cascade model, very good agreement with the experimental data is found. The results have important implications for the survival of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the interstellar medium and reflect key aspects of graphene hydrogenation.
Published: 2014
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37. Chemical composition, biological and cytotoxic activities of plant extracts and compounds isolated from Ferula lutea.

Author: Znati M, Hichem BJ, Cazaux S, and Bouajila J
Subjects: Anti-Infective Agents, Antioxidants, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Flavonoids chemistry, Hypoglycemic Agents, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Phenols chemistry, Pheromones, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Plant Extracts toxicity, Ferula chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology
Abstract: The present work describes the phytochemical study on Ferula lutea flowers. Total phenolics and flavonoids of the n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts were quantified (phenolics [40.68-52.29 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dry weight], flavonoids [12.38-14.72 mg quercitin/g dry weight]). Two diastereoisomers were isolated and identified using spectroscopic techniques (1D, 2D NMR and GC-MS). The extracts and diastereoisomers were tested for antioxidant, antiacetylcholinesterase, antimicrobial, antidiabectic, cytotoxic (leukemia cell line) activities and allelopathic potentialities. The strongest antioxidant activity was obtained for the ethyl acetate extract (IC₅₀ = 12.8 ± 1.29 µg/mL). The two extracts exhibited high antidiabetic activity (54.1 and 52.1% at 40 µg/mL).
Published: 2014
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38. Efficient diffusive mechanisms of O atoms at very low temperatures on surfaces of astrophysical interest.

Author: Congiu E, Minissale M, Baouche S, Chaabouni H, Moudens A, Cazaux S, Manicò G, Pirronello V, and Dulieu F
Abstract: At the low temperatures of interstellar dust grains, it is well established that surface chemistry proceeds via diffusive mechanisms of H atoms weakly bound (physisorbed) to the surface. Until recently, however, it was unknown whether atoms heavier than hydrogen could diffuse rapidly enough on interstellar grains to react with other accreted species. In addition, models still require simple reduction as well as oxidation reactions to occur on grains to explain the abundances of various molecules. In this paper we investigate O-atom diffusion and reactivity on a variety of astrophysically relevant surfaces (water ice of three different morphologies, silicate, and graphite) in the 6.5-25 K temperature range. Experimental values were used to derive a diffusion law that emphasizes that O atoms diffuse by quantum mechanical tunnelling at temperatures as low as 6.5 K. The rates of diffusion on each surface, based on modelling results, were calculated and an empirical law is given as a function of the surface temperature. The relative diffusion rates are k(H2Oice) > k(sil) > k(graph) >> k(expected). The implications of efficient O-atom diffusion over astrophysically relevant time-scales are discussed. Our findings show that O atoms can scan any available reaction partners (e.g., either another H atom, if available, or a surface radical like O or OH) at a faster rate than that of accretion. Also, as dense clouds mature, H2 becomes far more abundant than H and the O : H ratio grows, and the reactivity of O atoms on grains is such that O becomes one of the dominant reactive partners together with H.
Published: 2014
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39. Quantum tunneling of oxygen atoms on very cold surfaces.

Author: Minissale M, Congiu E, Baouche S, Chaabouni H, Moudens A, Dulieu F, Accolla M, Cazaux S, Manicó G, and Pirronello V
Abstract: Any evolving system can change state via thermal mechanisms (hopping a barrier) or via quantum tunneling. Most of the time, efficient classical mechanisms dominate at high temperatures. This is why an increase of the temperature can initiate the chemistry. We present here an experimental investigation of O-atom diffusion and reactivity on water ice. We explore the 6-25 K temperature range at submonolayer surface coverages. We derive the diffusion temperature law and observe the transition from quantum to classical diffusion. Despite the high mass of O, quantum tunneling is efficient even at 6 K. As a consequence, the solid-state astrochemistry of cold regions should be reconsidered and should include the possibility of forming larger organic molecules than previously expected.
Published: 2013
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40. Comparison between supercritical CO2 extraction and hydrodistillation for two species of eucalyptus: yield, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity.

Author: Herzi N, Bouajila J, Camy S, Cazaux S, Romdhane M, and Condoret JS
Subjects: Carbon Dioxide chemistry, Chromatography, Gas, Cyclohexane Monoterpenes, Cyclohexanols chemistry, Cyclohexenes chemistry, Cymenes, Eucalyptol, Flame Ionization, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Monoterpenes chemistry, Oils, Volatile chemistry, Phenols chemistry, Sesquiterpenes chemistry, Antioxidants chemistry, Distillation methods, Eucalyptus chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry
Abstract: In this work, 2 Eucalyptus species extracts (Eucalyptus cinerea and Eucalyptus camaldulensis) were prepared by hydrodistillation (HD) and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE) techniques. The best yields of E. cinerea and E. camaldulensis (27.5 and 8.8 g/kg, respectively) were obtained using SCE at 90 bar, 40 °C compared to HD (23 and 6.2 g/kg, respectively). Extracts were quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 1,8-cineole and p-menth-1-en-8-ol were the major compounds of E. cinerea essential oil obtained by HD (64.89% and 8.15%, respectively) or by SCE (16.1% and 31.87%, respectively). Whereas, in case of E. camaldulensis, 1,8-cineole (45.71%) and p-cymene (17.14%) were the major compounds obtained by HD, and 8,14-cedranoxide (43.79%) and elemol (6.3%) by SCE. Their antioxidant activity was assessed using 2 methods: 2,2-azino-di-3-ethylbenzothialozine-sulphonic acid radical cation (ABTS(•+) ) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH(•) ). In the SCE extracts from both E. cinerea and E. camaldulensis, a promising radical scavenging activity was observed with ABTS(•+) , (65 and 128 mg/L, respectively). The total phenolics composition of the extracts was measured and the range was 2 to 60 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g dry plant material. The SCE method was superior to HD, regarding shorter extraction times (30 min for SCE compared with 4 h for HD), a low environmental impact, allows production of nondegraded compounds and being part of green chemistry., (© 2013 Institute of Food Technologists®)
Published: 2013
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41. How micron-sized dust particles determine the chemistry of our Universe.

Author: Dulieu F, Congiu E, Noble J, Baouche S, Chaabouni H, Moudens A, Minissale M, and Cazaux S
Subjects: Extraterrestrial Environment chemistry, Particle Size, Particulate Matter
Abstract: In the environments where stars and planets form, about one percent of the mass is in the form of micro-meter sized particles known as dust. However small and insignificant these dust grains may seem, they are responsible for the production of the simplest (H(2)) to the most complex (amino-acids) molecules observed in our Universe. Dust particles are recognized as powerful nano-factories that produce chemical species. However, the mechanism that converts species on dust to gas species remains elusive. Here we report experimental evidence that species forming on interstellar dust analogs can be directly released into the gas. This process, entitled chemical desorption (fig. 1), can dominate over the chemistry due to the gas phase by more than ten orders of magnitude. It also determines which species remain on the surface and are available to participate in the subsequent complex chemistry that forms the molecules necessary for the emergence of life.
Published: 2013
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42. Global chemical composition and antioxidant and anti-tuberculosis activities of various extracts of Globularia alypum L. (Globulariaceae) leaves.

Author: Khlifi D, Hamdi M, El Hayouni A, Cazaux S, Souchard JP, Couderc F, and Bouajila J
Subjects: Anthocyanins analysis, Benzothiazoles metabolism, Biphenyl Compounds metabolism, Flavonoids analysis, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Picrates metabolism, Sulfonic Acids metabolism, Tannins analysis, Antioxidants chemistry, Antioxidants pharmacology, Antitubercular Agents chemistry, Antitubercular Agents pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Leaves chemistry, Scrophulariaceae chemistry
Abstract: In this work, an evaluation of the biological activities of Globularia alypum L. extracts and their global chemical composition was realized. Extracts from G. alypum were obtained by two extraction methods. The composition of polyphenols (8.5-139.95 g gallic acid equivalent/Kg of dry mass), tannins (1.39-18.65 g catechin equivalent/Kg of dry mass), anthocyanins (8.17-70.69 mg cyanidin equivalent/Kg of dry mass) and flavonoids (0.31-19.28 g quercetin equivalent/Kg of dry mass) was evaluated. The samples were subjected to a screening for their antioxidant activities using the DPPH* and ABTS*+ assays. For the first time, the anti-tuberculosis activity (H(37)Rv) for G. alypum was tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The strongest antioxidant activity was obtained for the methanol extract (IC(50 ) = 15.58 ± 0.168 mg/L) and the best anti-tuberculosis activity was obtained for the petroleum ether extract (IC(50 )= 77 mg/L). We have found a positive correlation between the total phenolics content and the antioxidant activity R2 = 0.88 (DPPH*) and R2 = 0.97 (ABTS*+). We have found also a positive correlation between the flavonoid content and the antioxidant activity R2 = 0.91 (DPPH*) and R2 = 0.91 (ABTS*+).
Published: 2011
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43. Influence of the process, season, and origin on volatile composition and antioxidant activity of Juniperus phoenicea L. leaves essential oils.

Author: Ennajar M, Afloulous S, Romdhane M, Ibrahim H, Cazaux S, Abderraba M, Raies A, and Bouajila J
Subjects: Antioxidants analysis, Distillation methods, Flame Ionization, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Geography, Monoterpenes analysis, Seasons, Tunisia, Juniperus chemistry, Oils, Volatile isolation & purification, Plant Extracts analysis, Plant Leaves chemistry, Volatile Organic Compounds analysis
Abstract: Essential oils of Juniperus phoenicea L. leaves cultivated in 3 regions, Korbos, Matmata, and Tabarka of Tunisia were obtained by hydrodistillation (HD), steam distillation (SD), and Soxhlet (SH) extraction methods. The essential oils were analyzed and quantified by capillary gas chromatography using flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The highest yield was observed in HD process (1.12%). Tabarka essential oil provided the best yield 0.79% compared to other regions. December month SD essential oil was the highest in oxygenated monoterpenes (52.7%). Nevertheless, SH essential oil showed a higher content in sesquitepenes hydrocarbons (64.5%). α-Terpinol (25.5%) was the main oxygenated component in Matmata juniper essential oil, extracted by SD. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of essential oils was evaluated using ABTS assays. The strongest antioxidant activity (IC(50) = 22.6 ± 0.7 mg/L) was obtained by the Matmata (October 2007) SD essential oil.
Published: 2011
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44. Permanent magnet assembly producing a strong tilted homogeneous magnetic field: towards magic angle field spinning NMR and MRI.

Author: Sakellariou D, Hugon C, Guiga A, Aubert G, Cazaux S, and Hardy P
Abstract: We introduce a cylindrical permanent magnet design that generates a homogeneous and strong magnetic field having an arbitrary inclination with respect to the axis of the cylinder. The analytical theory of 3 D magnetostatics has been applied to this problem, and a hybrid magnet structure has been designed. This structure contains two magnets producing a longitudinal and transverse component for the magnetic field, whose amplitudes and homogeneities can be fully controlled by design. A simple prototype has been constructed using inexpensive small cube magnets, and its magnetic field has been mapped using Hall and NMR probe sensors. This magnet can, in principle, be used for magic angle field spinning NMR and MRI experiments allowing for metabolic chemical shift profiling in small living animals., (Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
Published: 2010
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45. Chemical composition and anticancer and antioxidant activities of Schinus molle L. and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi berries essential oils.

Author: Bendaoud H, Romdhane M, Souchard JP, Cazaux S, and Bouajila J
Subjects: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Drug Discovery, Flame Ionization, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Humans, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Medicine, Traditional, Sesquiterpenes analysis, Sesquiterpenes chemistry, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Tunisia, Anacardiaceae chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Antioxidants chemistry, Antioxidants pharmacology, Fruit chemistry, Oils, Volatile chemistry, Oils, Volatile pharmacology
Abstract: Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation from berries of Schinus molle L. and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi originating from southern of Tunisia and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Among 57 and 62 compounds (%[mg/100 g dry matter]) identified in these oils, the main were alpha-phellandrene (46.52%[1256.15] and 34.38%[859.60]), beta-phellandrene (20.81%[561.74] and 10.61%[265.15]), alpha-terpineol (8.38%[226.26] and 5.60%[140.03]), alpha-pinene (4.34%[117.29] and 6.49%[162.25]), beta-pinene (4.96%[133.81] and 3.09%[77.30]) and p-cymene (2.49%[67.28] and 7.34%[183.40]), respectively. A marked quantity of gamma-cadinene (18.04%[451.05]) was also identified in the S. terebinthifolius essential oil whereas only traces (0.07%[1.81]) were detected in the essential oil of S. molle. The in vitro antioxidant and antiradical scavenging properties of the investigated essential oils were evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Essential oil of S. terebinthifolius expressed stronger antioxidant activity in the ABTS assay, with an IC(50) of 24 +/- 0.8 mg/L, compared to S. molle (IC(50)= 257 +/- 10.3 mg/L). Essential oils were also evaluated for their anticancer activities against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). S. terebinthifolius essential oil was more effective against tested cell lines (IC(50)= 47 +/- 9 mg/L) than that from S. molle (IC(50)= 54 +/- 10 mg/L). Suggestions on relationships between chemical composition and biological activities are outlined.
Published: 2010
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46. Survival and growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ready-to-eat iceberg lettuce washed in warm chlorinated water.

Author: Delaquis S, Stewart S, Cazaux S, and Toivonen P
Subjects: Food Handling methods, Food Microbiology, Temperature, Time Factors, Water, Chlorine pharmacology, Escherichia coli O157 growth & development, Lactuca microbiology, Listeria monocytogenes growth & development
Abstract: Cut iceberg lettuce inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes before and after washing for 3 min in cold (4 degrees C) and warm (47 degrees C) water containing 100 mg/liter total chlorine was stored at I and 10 degrees C in oxygen-permeable film packages (6,000 to 8,000 cc/m2/24 h). Cold chlorinated water was detrimental to the survival of E. coli O157: H7 and L. monocytogenes at both storage temperatures. In contrast, washing in warm chlorinated water favored the growth of both pathogens in lettuce stored at 10 degrees C. There was no evidence of a relationship between the magnitude of spoilage microflora and the fate of either bacterium.
Published: 2002
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