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1. The Early Data Release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

DESI Collaboration, A. G. Adame, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, S. Alam, G. Aldering, D. M. Alexander, R. Alfarsy, C. Allende Prieto, M. Alvarez, O. Alves, A. Anand, F. Andrade-Oliveira, E. Armengaud, J. Asorey, S. Avila, A. Aviles, S. Bailey, A. Balaguera-Antolínez, O. Ballester, C. Baltay, A. Bault, J. Bautista, J. Behera, S. F. Beltran, S. BenZvi, L. Beraldo e Silva, J. R. Bermejo-Climent, A. Berti, R. Besuner, F. Beutler, D. Bianchi, C. Blake, R. Blum, A. S. Bolton, S. Brieden, A. Brodzeller, D. Brooks, Z. Brown, E. Buckley-Geer, E. Burtin, L. Cabayol-Garcia, Z. Cai, R. Canning, L. Cardiel-Sas, A. Carnero Rosell, F. J. Castander, J. L. Cervantes-Cota, S. Chabanier, E. Chaussidon, J. Chaves-Montero, S. Chen, X. Chen, C. Chuang, T. Claybaugh, S. Cole, A. P. Cooper, A. Cuceu, T. M. Davis, K. Dawson, R. de Belsunce, R. de la Cruz, A. de la Macorra, J. Della Costa, A. de Mattia, R. Demina, U. Demirbozan, J. DeRose, A. Dey, B. Dey, G. Dhungana, J. Ding, Z. Ding, P. Doel, R. Doshi, K. Douglass, A. Edge, S. Eftekharzadeh, D. J. Eisenstein, A. Elliott, J. Ereza, S. Escoffier, P. Fagrelius, X. Fan, K. Fanning, V. A. Fawcett, S. Ferraro, B. Flaugher, A. Font-Ribera, J. E. Forero-Romero, D. Forero-Sánchez, C. S. Frenk, B. T. Gänsicke, L. Á. García, J. García-Bellido, C. Garcia-Quintero, L. H. Garrison, H. Gil-Marín, J. Golden-Marx, S. Gontcho A Gontcho, A. X. Gonzalez-Morales, V. Gonzalez-Perez, C. Gordon, O. Graur, D. Green, D. Gruen, J. Guy, B. Hadzhiyska, C. Hahn, J. J. Han, M. M. S Hanif, H. K. Herrera-Alcantar, K. Honscheid, J. Hou, C. Howlett, D. Huterer, V. Iršič, M. Ishak, A. Jacques, A. Jana, L. Jiang, J. Jimenez, Y. P. Jing, S. Joudaki, R. Joyce, E. Jullo, S. Juneau, N. G. Karaçaylı, T. Karim, R. Kehoe, S. Kent, A. Khederlarian, S. Kim, D. Kirkby, T. Kisner, F. Kitaura, N. Kizhuprakkat, J. Kneib, S. E. Koposov, A. Kovács, A. Kremin, A. Krolewski, B. L’Huillier, O. Lahav, A. Lambert, C. Lamman, T.-W. Lan, M. Landriau, D. Lang, J. U. Lange, J. Lasker, A. Leauthaud, L. Le Guillou, M. E. Levi, T. S. Li, E. Linder, A. Lyons, C. Magneville, M. Manera, C. J. Manser, D. Margala, P. Martini, P. McDonald, G. E. Medina, L. Medina-Varela, A. Meisner, J. Mena-Fernández, J. Meneses-Rizo, M. Mezcua, R. Miquel, P. Montero-Camacho, J. Moon, S. Moore, J. Moustakas, E. Mueller, J. Mundet, A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A. D. Myers, S. Nadathur, L. Napolitano, R. Neveux, J. A. Newman, J. Nie, R. Nikutta, G. Niz, P. Norberg, H. E. Noriega, E. Paillas, N. Palanque-Delabrouille, A. Palmese, Z. Pan, D. Parkinson, S. Penmetsa, W. J. Percival, A. Pérez-Fernández, I. Pérez-Ràfols, M. Pieri, C. Poppett, A. Porredon, S. Pothier, F. Prada, R. Pucha, A. Raichoor, C. Ramírez-Pérez, S. Ramirez-Solano, M. Rashkovetskyi, C. Ravoux, A. Rocher, C. Rockosi, A. J. Ross, G. Rossi, R. Ruggeri, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, C. G. Sabiu, K. Said, A. Saintonge, L. Samushia, E. Sanchez, C. Saulder, E. Schaan, E. F. Schlafly, D. Schlegel, D. Scholte, M. Schubnell, H. Seo, A. Shafieloo, R. Sharples, W. Sheu, J. Silber, F. Sinigaglia, M. Siudek, Z. Slepian, A. Smith, M. T. Soumagnac, D. Sprayberry, L. Stephey, J. Suárez-Pérez, Z. Sun, T. Tan, G. Tarlé, R. Tojeiro, L. A. Ureña-López, R. Vaisakh, D. Valcin, F. Valdes, M. Valluri, M. Vargas-Magaña, A. Variu, L. Verde, M. Walther, B. Wang, M. S. Wang, B. A. Weaver, N. Weaverdyck, R. H. Wechsler, M. White, Y. Xie, J. Yang, C. Yèche, J. Yu, S. Yuan, H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, C. Zhao, Z. Zheng, R. Zhou, Z. Zhou, H. Zou, S. Zou, and Y. Zu

Subjects
Astronomy data reduction, Observational cosmology, Astronomy databases, Astronomy data analysis, Astronomy software, Surveys, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) completed its 5 month Survey Validation in 2021 May. Spectra of stellar and extragalactic targets from Survey Validation constitute the first major data sample from the DESI survey. This paper describes the public release of those spectra, the catalogs of derived properties, and the intermediate data products. In total, the public release includes good-quality spectral information from 466,447 objects targeted as part of the Milky Way Survey, 428,758 as part of the Bright Galaxy Survey, 227,318 as part of the Luminous Red Galaxy sample, 437,664 as part of the Emission Line Galaxy sample, and 76,079 as part of the Quasar sample. In addition, the release includes spectral information from 137,148 objects that expand the scope beyond the primary samples as part of a series of secondary programs. Here, we describe the spectral data, data quality, data products, Large-Scale Structure science catalogs, access to the data, and references that provide relevant background to using these spectra.

Published
2024
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2. Validation of the Scientific Program for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

DESI Collaboration, A. G. Adame, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, S. Alam, G. Aldering, D. M. Alexander, R. Alfarsy, C. Allende Prieto, M. Alvarez, O. Alves, A. Anand, F. Andrade-Oliveira, E. Armengaud, J. Asorey, S. Avila, A. Aviles, S. Bailey, A. Balaguera-Antolínez, O. Ballester, C. Baltay, A. Bault, J. Bautista, J. Behera, S. F. Beltran, S. BenZvi, L. Beraldo e Silva, J. R. Bermejo-Climent, A. Berti, R. Besuner, F. Beutler, D. Bianchi, C. Blake, R. Blum, A. S. Bolton, S. Brieden, A. Brodzeller, D. Brooks, Z. Brown, E. Buckley-Geer, E. Burtin, L. Cabayol-Garcia, Z. Cai, R. Canning, L. Cardiel-Sas, A. Carnero Rosell, F. J. Castander, J. L. Cervantes-Cota, S. Chabanier, E. Chaussidon, J. Chaves-Montero, S. Chen, X. Chen, C. Chuang, T. Claybaugh, S. Cole, A. P. Cooper, A. Cuceu, T. M. Davis, K. Dawson, R. de Belsunce, R. de la Cruz, A. de la Macorra, A. de Mattia, R. Demina, U. Demirbozan, J. DeRose, A. Dey, B. Dey, G. Dhungana, J. Ding, Z. Ding, P. Doel, R. Doshi, K. Douglass, A. Edge, S. Eftekharzadeh, D. J. Eisenstein, A. Elliott, S. Escoffier, P. Fagrelius, X. Fan, K. Fanning, V. A. Fawcett, S. Ferraro, J. Ereza, B. Flaugher, A. Font-Ribera, D. Forero-Sánchez, J. E. Forero-Romero, C. S. Frenk, B. T. Gänsicke, L. Á. García, J. García-Bellido, C. Garcia-Quintero, L. H. Garrison, H. Gil-Marín, J. Golden-Marx, S. Gontcho A Gontcho, A. X. Gonzalez-Morales, V. Gonzalez-Perez, C. Gordon, O. Graur, D. Green, D. Gruen, J. Guy, B. Hadzhiyska, C. Hahn, J. J. Han, M. M. S Hanif, H. K. Herrera-Alcantar, K. Honscheid, J. Hou, C. Howlett, D. Huterer, V. Iršič, M. Ishak, A. Jana, L. Jiang, J. Jimenez, Y. P. Jing, S. Joudaki, E. Jullo, R. Joyce, S. Juneau, N. Kizhuprakkat, N. G. Karaçaylı, T. Karim, R. Kehoe, S. Kent, A. Khederlarian, S. Kim, D. Kirkby, T. Kisner, F. Kitaura, J. Kneib, S. E. Koposov, A. Kovács, A. Kremin, A. Krolewski, B. L’Huillier, O. Lahav, A. Lambert, C. Lamman, T.-W. Lan, M. Landriau, D. Lang, J. U. Lange, J. Lasker, L. Le Guillou, A. Leauthaud, M. E. Levi, T. S. Li, E. Linder, A. Lyons, C. Magneville, M. Manera, C. J. Manser, D. Margala, P. Martini, P. McDonald, G. E. Medina, L. Medina-Varela, A. Meisner, J. Mena-Fernández, J. Meneses-Rizo, M. Mezcua, R. Miquel, P. Montero-Camacho, J. Moon, S. Moore, J. Moustakas, E. Mueller, J. Mundet, A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A. D. Myers, S. Nadathur, L. Napolitano, R. Neveux, J. A. Newman, J. Nie, G. Niz, P. Norberg, H. E. Noriega, E. Paillas, N. Palanque-Delabrouille, A. Palmese, P. Zhiwei, D. Parkinson, S. Penmetsa, W. J. Percival, A. Pérez-Fernández, I. Pérez-Ràfols, M. Pieri, C. Poppett, A. Porredon, F. Prada, R. Pucha, A. Raichoor, C. Ramírez-Pérez, S. Ramirez-Solano, M. Rashkovetskyi, C. Ravoux, A. Rocher, C. Rockosi, A. J. Ross, G. Rossi, R. Ruggeri, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, C. G. Sabiu, K. Said, A. Saintonge, L. Samushia, E. Sanchez, C. Saulder, E. Schaan, E. F. Schlafly, D. Schlegel, D. Scholte, M. Schubnell, H. Seo, A. Shafieloo, R. Sharples, W. Sheu, J. Silber, F. Sinigaglia, M. Siudek, Z. Slepian, A. Smith, D. Sprayberry, L. Stephey, J. Suárez-Pérez, Z. Sun, T. Tan, G. Tarlé, R. Tojeiro, L. A. Ureña-López, R. Vaisakh, D. Valcin, F. Valdes, M. Valluri, M. Vargas-Magaña, A. Variu, L. Verde, M. Walther, B. Wang, M. S. Wang, B. A. Weaver, N. Weaverdyck, R. H. Wechsler, M. White, Y. Xie, J. Yang, C. Yèche, J. Yu, S. Yuan, H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, C. Zhao, Z. Zheng, R. Zhou, Z. Zhou, H. Zou, S. Zou, and Y. Zu

Subjects
Cosmology, Redshift surveys, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) was designed to conduct a survey covering 14,000 deg ^2 over 5 yr to constrain the cosmic expansion history through precise measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). The scientific program for DESI was evaluated during a 5 month survey validation (SV) campaign before beginning full operations. This program produced deep spectra of tens of thousands of objects from each of the stellar Milky Way Survey (MWS), Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS), luminous red galaxy (LRG), emission line galaxy (ELG), and quasar target classes. These SV spectra were used to optimize redshift distributions, characterize exposure times, determine calibration procedures, and assess observational overheads for the 5 yr program. In this paper, we present the final target selection algorithms, redshift distributions, and projected cosmology constraints resulting from those studies. We also present a One-Percent Survey conducted at the conclusion of SV covering 140 deg ^2 using the final target selection algorithms with exposures of a depth typical of the main survey. The SV indicates that DESI will be able to complete the full 14,000 deg ^2 program with spectroscopically confirmed targets from the MWS, BGS, LRG, ELG, and quasar programs with total sample sizes of 7.2, 13.8, 7.46, 15.7, and 2.87 million, respectively. These samples will allow exploration of the Milky Way halo, clustering on all scales, and BAO measurements with a statistical precision of 0.28% over the redshift interval z < 1.1, 0.39% over the redshift interval 1.1 < z < 1.9, and 0.46% over the redshift interval 1.9 < z < 3.5.

Published
2024
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3. Overview of the Instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

DESI Collaboration, B. Abareshi, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, Shadab Alam, David M. Alexander, R. Alfarsy, L. Allen, C. Allende Prieto, O. Alves, J. Ameel, E. Armengaud, J. Asorey, Alejandro Aviles, S. Bailey, A. Balaguera-Antolínez, O. Ballester, C. Baltay, A. Bault, S. F. Beltran, B. Benavides, S. BenZvi, A. Berti, R. Besuner, Florian Beutler, D. Bianchi, C. Blake, P. Blanc, R. Blum, A. Bolton, S. Bose, D. Bramall, S. Brieden, A. Brodzeller, D. Brooks, C. Brownewell, E. Buckley-Geer, R. N. Cahn, Z. Cai, R. Canning, R. Capasso, A. Carnero Rosell, P. Carton, R. Casas, F. J. Castander, J. L. Cervantes-Cota, S. Chabanier, E. Chaussidon, C. Chuang, C. Circosta, S. Cole, A. P. Cooper, L. da Costa, M.-C. Cousinou, A. Cuceu, T. M. Davis, K. Dawson, R. de la Cruz-Noriega, A. de la Macorra, A. de Mattia, J. Della Costa, P. Demmer, M. Derwent, A. Dey, B. Dey, G. Dhungana, Z. Ding, C. Dobson, P. Doel, J. Donald-McCann, J. Donaldson, K. Douglass, Y. Duan, P. Dunlop, J. Edelstein, S. Eftekharzadeh, D. J. Eisenstein, M. Enriquez-Vargas, S. Escoffier, M. Evatt, P. Fagrelius, X. Fan, K. Fanning, V. A. Fawcett, S. Ferraro, J. Ereza, B. Flaugher, A. Font-Ribera, J. E. Forero-Romero, C. S. Frenk, S. Fromenteau, B. T. Gänsicke, C. Garcia-Quintero, L. Garrison, E. Gaztañaga, F. Gerardi, H. Gil-Marín, S. Gontcho A Gontcho, Alma X. Gonzalez-Morales, G. Gonzalez-de-Rivera, V. Gonzalez-Perez, C. Gordon, O. Graur, D. Green, C. Grove, D. Gruen, G. Gutierrez, J. Guy, C. Hahn, S. Harris, D. Herrera, Hiram K. Herrera-Alcantar, K. Honscheid, C. Howlett, D. Huterer, V. Iršič, M. Ishak, P. Jelinsky, L. Jiang, J. Jimenez, Y. P. Jing, R. Joyce, E. Jullo, S. Juneau, N. G. Karaçaylı, M. Karamanis, A. Karcher, T. Karim, R. Kehoe, S. Kent, D. Kirkby, T. Kisner, F. Kitaura, S. E. Koposov, A. Kovács, A. Kremin, Alex Krolewski, B. L’Huillier, O. Lahav, A. Lambert, C. Lamman, Ting-Wen Lan, M. Landriau, S. Lane, D. Lang, J. U. Lange, J. Lasker, L. Le Guillou, A. Leauthaud, A. Le Van Suu, Michael E. Levi, T. S. Li, C. Magneville, M. Manera, Christopher J. Manser, B. Marshall, Paul Martini, W. McCollam, P. McDonald, Aaron M. Meisner, J. Mena-Fernández, J. Meneses-Rizo, M. Mezcua, T. Miller, R. Miquel, P. Montero-Camacho, J. Moon, J. Moustakas, E. Mueller, Andrea Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Adam D. Myers, S. Nadathur, J. Najita, L. Napolitano, E. Neilsen, Jeffrey A. Newman, J. D. Nie, Y. Ning, G. Niz, P. Norberg, Hernán E. Noriega, T. O’Brien, A. Obuljen, N. Palanque-Delabrouille, A. Palmese, P. Zhiwei, D. Pappalardo, X. PENG, W. J. Percival, S. Perruchot, R. Pogge, C. Poppett, A. Porredon, F. Prada, J. Prochaska, R. Pucha, A. Pérez-Fernández, I. Pérez-Ràfols, D. Rabinowitz, A. Raichoor, S. Ramirez-Solano, César Ramírez-Pérez, C. Ravoux, K. Reil, M. Rezaie, A. Rocher, C. Rockosi, N. A. Roe, A. Roodman, A. J. Ross, G. Rossi, R. Ruggeri, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, C. G. Sabiu, S. Gaines, K. Said, A. Saintonge, Javier Salas Catonga, L. Samushia, E. Sanchez, C. Saulder, E. Schaan, E. Schlafly, D. Schlegel, J. Schmoll, D. Scholte, M. Schubnell, A. Secroun, H. Seo, S. Serrano, Ray M. Sharples, Michael J. Sholl, Joseph Harry Silber, D. R. Silva, M. Sirk, M. Siudek, A. Smith, D. Sprayberry, R. Staten, B. Stupak, T. Tan, Gregory Tarlé, Suk Sien Tie, R. Tojeiro, L. A. Ureña-López, F. Valdes, O. Valenzuela, M. Valluri, M. Vargas-Magaña, L. Verde, M. Walther, B. Wang, M. S. Wang, B. A. Weaver, C. Weaverdyck, R. Wechsler, Michael J. Wilson, J. Yang, Y. Yu, S. Yuan, Christophe Yèche, H. Zhang, K. Zhang, Cheng Zhao, Rongpu Zhou, Zhimin Zhou, H. Zou, J. Zou, S. Zou, and Y. Zu

Subjects
Dark energy, Spectroscopy, Astronomical instrumentation, Spectrometers, Optical telescopes, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) embarked on an ambitious 5 yr survey in 2021 May to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopic measurements of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the baryon acoustic oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to beyond redshift z > 3.5, and employ redshift space distortions to measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. We describe the significant instrumentation we developed to conduct the DESI survey. This includes: a wide-field, 3.°2 diameter prime-focus corrector; a focal plane system with 5020 fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface; 10 continuous, high-efficiency fiber cable bundles that connect the focal plane to the spectrographs; and 10 identical spectrographs. Each spectrograph employs a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360–980 nm with a spectral resolution that ranges from 2000–5000. We describe the science requirements, their connection to the technical requirements, the management of the project, and interfaces between subsystems. DESI was installed at the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory and has achieved all of its performance goals. Some performance highlights include an rms positioner accuracy of better than 0.″1 and a median signal-to-noise ratio of 7 of the [O ii ] doublet at 8 × 10 ^−17 erg s ^−1 cm ^−2 in 1000 s for galaxies at z = 1.4–1.6. We conclude with additional highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning, key successes, and lessons learned.

Published
2022
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4. KiDS+VIKING-450

Author

A. H. Wright, Christopher B. Morrison, Hendrik Hildebrandt, Ami Choi, Peter Schneider, Benjamin Giblin, Thomas Erben, Alexandra Amon, Mario Radovich, Cristóbal Sifón, F. Köhlinger, S. Brieden, Lance Miller, John A. Peacock, Catherine Heymans, Marika Asgari, Tilman Tröster, Henk Hoekstra, Chris Blake, Alexander Mead, J. L. van den Busch, Benjamin Joachimi, Arun Kannawadi, Maria Archidiacono, J. T. A. de Jong, Shahab Joudaki, Konrad Kuijken, M. Tewes, European Commission, German Research Foundation, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Max Planck Society, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), and Kapteyn Astronomical Institute

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Surveys, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Gravitational lensing: weak, 0103 physical sciences, Planck, observations [Cosmology], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Weak gravitational lensing, Physics, COSMIC cancer database, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, photometry [Galaxies], Cosmology: observations, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxies: photometry, Redshift, Galaxy, photometry / surveys [galaxies], Space and Planetary Science, astro-ph.CO, symbols, Dark energy, Neutrino, weak [Gravitational lensing], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a tomographic cosmic shear analysis of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) combined with the VISTA Kilo-Degree Infrared Galaxy Survey (VIKING). This is the first time that a full optical to near-infrared data set has been used for a wide-field cosmological weak lensing experiment. This unprecedented data, spanning $450~$deg$^2$, allows us to improve significantly the estimation of photometric redshifts, such that we are able to include robustly higher-redshift sources for the lensing measurement, and - most importantly - solidify our knowledge of the redshift distributions of the sources. Based on a flat $\Lambda$CDM model we find $S_8\equiv\sigma_8\sqrt{\Omega_{\rm m}/0.3}=0.737_{-0.036}^{+0.040}$ in a blind analysis from cosmic shear alone. The tension between KiDS cosmic shear and the Planck-Legacy CMB measurements remains in this systematically more robust analysis, with $S_8$ differing by $2.3\sigma$. This result is insensitive to changes in the priors on nuisance parameters for intrinsic alignment, baryon feedback, and neutrino mass. KiDS shear measurements are calibrated with a new, more realistic set of image simulations and no significant B-modes are detected in the survey, indicating that systematic errors are under control. When calibrating our redshift distributions by assuming the 30-band COSMOS-2015 photometric redshifts are correct (following the Dark Energy Survey and the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey), we find the tension with Planck is alleviated. The robust determination of source redshift distributions remains one of the most challenging aspects for future cosmic shear surveys., Comment: 31 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication by A&A; data products available at http://kids.strw.leidenuniv.nl

Published
2020
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5. KiDS + GAMA: constraints on horndeski gravity from combined large-scale structure probes

Author

E. van Uitert, Julien Lesgourgues, F. Köhlinger, S. Brieden, Maria Archidiacono, Robert Reischke, Benjamin Joachimi, Björn Malte Schäfer, A. Spurio Mancini, Valeria Pettorino, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112))

Subjects
cosmological model, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), gravitation: model, Planck mass, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Omega, Gravitation, symbols.namesake, gravitational lensing: weak, gravitation: lens, statistical analysis, 0103 physical sciences, structure, correlation function, Planck, dark energy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Mathematical physics, Physics, methods: statistical, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Matter power spectrum, scale: Planck, perturbation: linear, Astronomy and Astrophysics, methods: data analysis, field theory: scalar, Space and Planetary Science, dark energy: density, gravitation, Dark energy, symbols, time dependence, galaxy, large-scale structure of Universe, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Scalar field, Quintessence, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present constraints on Horndeski gravity from a combined analysis of cosmic shear, galaxy-galaxy lensing and galaxy clustering from $450\,\mathrm{deg}^2$ of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) and the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey. The Horndeski class of dark energy/modified gravity models includes the majority of universally coupled extensions to $\Lambda$CDM with one scalar field in addition to the metric. We study the functions of time that fully describe the evolution of linear perturbations in Horndeski gravity. Our results are compatible throughout with a $\Lambda$CDM model. By imposing gravitational wave constraints, we fix the tensor speed excess to zero and consider a subset of models including e.g. quintessence and $f(R)$ theories. Assuming proportionality of the Horndeski functions $\alpha_B$ and $\alpha_M$ (kinetic braiding and the Planck mass run rate, respectively) to the dark energy density fraction $\Omega_{\mathrm{DE}}(a) = 1 - \Omega_{\mathrm{m}}(a)$, we find for the proportionality coefficients $\hat{\alpha}_B = 0.20_{-0.33}^{+0.20} \,$ and $\, \hat{\alpha}_M = 0.25_{-0.29}^{+0.19}$. Our value of $S_8 \equiv \sigma_8 \sqrt{\Omega_{\mathrm{m}}/0.3}$ is in better agreement with the $Planck$ estimate when measured in the enlarged Horndeski parameter space than in a pure $\Lambda$CDM scenario. In our joint three-probe analysis we report a downward shift of the $S_8$ best fit value from the $Planck$ measurement of $\Delta S_8 = 0.016_{-0.046}^{+0.048}$ in Horndeski gravity, compared to $\Delta S_8 = 0.059_{-0.039}^{+0.040}$ in $\Lambda$CDM. Our constraints are robust to the modelling uncertainty of the non-linear matter power spectrum in Horndeski gravity. Our likelihood code for multi-probe analysis in both $\Lambda$CDM and Horndeski gravity is publicly available at http://github.com/alessiospuriomancini/KiDSHorndeski ., Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, matches version published in MNRAS. Likelihood code available at http://github.com/alessiospuriomancini/KiDSHorndeski

Published
2019
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6. [Therapy of radiation resistant malignant uveal melanoma with endoresection by pars plana vitrectomy in two patients]

Author

J C, Schmidt, S, Brieden-Azvedo, and G W, Nietgen

Subjects
Adult, Male, Choroid Neoplasms, Vitrectomy, Brachytherapy, Humans, Female, Treatment Failure, Ruthenium Radioisotopes, Melanoma, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Since introduction of brachytherapy using (106)ruthenium plaque therapy for treating malignant choroidal melanomas a number of comparative studies have shown that survival rates are equal between patients who underwent radiation or enucleation. When radiation treatment fails, the patient might be determined to choose removal of the tumor by pars plana vitrectomy.Between 1995 and 1998 a total number of 48 patients underwent (106)ruthenium plaque irradiation. In 9 patients tumor regression was not sufficient. Two of these nine patients decided explicitly against enucleation and choose to have the tumor removed from within the eye employing pars plana vitrectomy.Intraoperatively, the previously radiated melanoma was easily removed with the vitrectomy cutter without significant bleeding. Postoperative recovery was without complications. Silicone oil removal was carried out in one patient after one year. Vision 9 months and 2.5 years after surgery was 0.2 and 0.02, respectively. The cosmetic results with parallel axis of the globes were very good and one patient gained binocular vision. No recurrent tumor growth was seen so far. Histologically, no mitotic figures were found.Malignant choroidal melanomas can be safely removed by pars plana vitrectomy with stable intraocular pressure. Previous radiation therapy alters the tumor, inducing fibrous tissue growth and necrosis of tumor cells. These tissue types are not prone to bleed when they are resected by the vitrectomy cutter. Long time studies have to elucidate the difference in survival rates between patients undergoing enucleation of the eye and patients who chose endoresection of the melanoma by pars plana vitrectomy.

Published
2002

7. [Self-sealing, sutureless sclerotomy in pars plana vitrectomy]

Author

J, Schmidt, G W, Nietgen, and S, Brieden

Subjects
Reoperation, Wound Healing, Postoperative Complications, Vitrectomy, Suture Techniques, Humans, Sclerostomy, Surgical Instruments, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

If sutures are used in the regular closure of sclerotomies a trauma to the bulbus can be inflicted and intraocular bleeding might result. Phases of intraocular hypotony accompany the intraoperative exchange of instruments. Like in no-stitch cataract surgery we employed this type of self-sealing wound closure in pars-plana vitrectomies. A less traumatizing technique yielding a tight and effective closure is an alternative to the conventional approach and results of our experiences are presented.A modified approach for sutureless sclerotomy closure was applied in 50 eyes (150 sclerotomies). A sclera-covered sclerotomy is performed after preparation of adequate scleral pouches in conventional positions. A minimal conjunctival peritomy allows at the end of surgery an electric cauterization, thus using no suture material in the whole course of vitrectomy.Sutureless vitrectomies can only be installed in the primary operation. However, re-operations on 3 eyes were possible in the same manner using the old sclerotomy sites up to 6 weeks after initial surgery. In 12 eyes the sclerotomy had to be covered with a single suture to obtain adequate wound closure. A repetitive change of instruments during the surgical procedure is possible with this technique and all types of intraocular instruments can be employed.Self-sealing sclerotomies are a simple and atraumatic approach for wound closure in pars-plana vitrectomies and allow a control of intraocular pressure during surgery.

Published
1999

8. hmcode-2020 : improved modelling of non-linear cosmological power spectra with baryonic feedback

Author

Tilman Tröster, Catherine Heymans, S. Brieden, and Alexander Mead

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Matter power spectrum, Spectral density, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Redshift, Spectral line, Baryon, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, astro-ph.CO, Halo, Neutrino, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Root-mean-square deviation, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present an updated version of the HMcode augmented halo model that can be used to make accurate predictions of the non-linear matter power spectrum over a wide range of cosmologies. Major improvements include modelling of BAO damping in the power spectrum and an updated treatment of massive neutrinos. We fit our model to simulated power spectra and show that we can match the results with an RMS error of 2.5 per cent across a range of cosmologies, scales $k < 10\,h\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$, and redshifts $z, 17 pages, 5 figures, 4 appendices; v2 - matches accepted version, new appendix with comparisons between HMcode and 6 different emulators

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9. The role of the vitreous in retinal detachment surgery with external buckling.

Author

Mester U, Anterist N, Kroll P, and Brieden-Azvedo S

Subjects
Humans, Retrospective Studies, Retinal Detachment physiopathology, Retinal Detachment surgery, Scleral Buckling, Vitrectomy, Vitreous Body physiology
Abstract

Purpose: To prove the role of the vitreous in retinal detachment surgery with scleral buckling procedures, we retrospectively investigated the charts of patients who were operated on for retinal detachment by scleral buckling between January 1995 and June 1997., Methods: Out of a total of 718 cases, 41 retinal detachments occurred in previously vitrectomized eyes. The buckling procedure consisted of silicone sponge explants in 513 cases (254 radial, 259 circumferential) and of encircling elements in 202 cases. Three eyes received a temporary balloon. The minimal follow-up was 3 months., Results: After primary surgery in the 677 nonvitrectomized eyes, the retina was attached in 482 eyes (71.2%), after reoperation in 627 eyes (92.6%). With up to 3 reoperations (including vitrectomy with gas or silicone oil tamponade in 79 eyes), the final success rate was 98.7%. The corresponding reattachment rates in the 41 vitrectomized eyes were 82.9% after primary surgery and 97.6% after reoperation. Repeated surgery in 6 eyes consisted of successful internal tamponade by silicone oil. The reattachment rates after primary buckle procedure are of most interest to the role of the vitreous: the highest success rate (82.9%) was achieved in the vitrectomized eyes versus 71.2% in the nonvitrectomized eyes. The difference is statistically not significant., Conclusions: We therefore conclude that the absence of the vitreous has no adverse effect on the results of buckling procedures for retinal detachment. The choice of the surgical technique in treating retinal detachments in vitrectomized eyes should only determined by retinal findings such as the number and extent of breaks or the presence and stage of proliferative vitreoretinopathy., (Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel)

Published
2002
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10. [Therapy of radiation resistant malignant uveal melanoma with endoresection by pars plana vitrectomy in two patients].

Author

Schmidt JC, Brieden-Azvedo S, and Nietgen GW

Subjects
Adult, Brachytherapy, Choroid Neoplasms diagnosis, Choroid Neoplasms pathology, Choroid Neoplasms radiotherapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Melanoma diagnosis, Melanoma pathology, Melanoma radiotherapy, Ruthenium Radioisotopes therapeutic use, Treatment Failure, Choroid Neoplasms surgery, Melanoma surgery, Vitrectomy
Abstract

Background: Since introduction of brachytherapy using (106)ruthenium plaque therapy for treating malignant choroidal melanomas a number of comparative studies have shown that survival rates are equal between patients who underwent radiation or enucleation. When radiation treatment fails, the patient might be determined to choose removal of the tumor by pars plana vitrectomy., Patients and Methods: Between 1995 and 1998 a total number of 48 patients underwent (106)ruthenium plaque irradiation. In 9 patients tumor regression was not sufficient. Two of these nine patients decided explicitly against enucleation and choose to have the tumor removed from within the eye employing pars plana vitrectomy., Results: Intraoperatively, the previously radiated melanoma was easily removed with the vitrectomy cutter without significant bleeding. Postoperative recovery was without complications. Silicone oil removal was carried out in one patient after one year. Vision 9 months and 2.5 years after surgery was 0.2 and 0.02, respectively. The cosmetic results with parallel axis of the globes were very good and one patient gained binocular vision. No recurrent tumor growth was seen so far. Histologically, no mitotic figures were found., Conclusion: Malignant choroidal melanomas can be safely removed by pars plana vitrectomy with stable intraocular pressure. Previous radiation therapy alters the tumor, inducing fibrous tissue growth and necrosis of tumor cells. These tissue types are not prone to bleed when they are resected by the vitrectomy cutter. Long time studies have to elucidate the difference in survival rates between patients undergoing enucleation of the eye and patients who chose endoresection of the melanoma by pars plana vitrectomy.

Published
2001
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11. Bilateral sixth nerve palsy associated with MDMA ("ecstasy") abuse.

Author

Schroeder B and Brieden S

Subjects
Adolescent, Humans, Male, Visual Fields, Abducens Nerve Diseases chemically induced, Diplopia chemically induced, Hallucinogens adverse effects, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine adverse effects, Substance-Related Disorders etiology
Abstract

Purpose: To report the association of methylenedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") abuse and bilateral sixth nerve palsy., Methods: Case report., Results: A 17-year-old male presented with horizontal diplopia in all directions of gaze after having taken MDMA tablets at 5-day to 7-day intervals during a 2-month period. Examination showed bilateral sixth nerve palsy. Ocular motility returned to normal within 5 days without use of MDMA and with no other treatment., Conclusion: Methylenedioxymetamphetamine "ecstasy" abuse should be considered in the differential diagnosis in otherwise unexplained sixth nerve palsy.

Published
2000
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12. [Self-sealing, sutureless sclerotomy in pars plana vitrectomy].

Author

Schmidt J, Nietgen GW, and Brieden S

Subjects
Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Postoperative Complications surgery, Reoperation, Surgical Instruments, Wound Healing physiology, Sclerostomy instrumentation, Suture Techniques instrumentation, Vitrectomy instrumentation
Abstract

Background: If sutures are used in the regular closure of sclerotomies a trauma to the bulbus can be inflicted and intraocular bleeding might result. Phases of intraocular hypotony accompany the intraoperative exchange of instruments. Like in no-stitch cataract surgery we employed this type of self-sealing wound closure in pars-plana vitrectomies. A less traumatizing technique yielding a tight and effective closure is an alternative to the conventional approach and results of our experiences are presented., Materials and Methods: A modified approach for sutureless sclerotomy closure was applied in 50 eyes (150 sclerotomies). A sclera-covered sclerotomy is performed after preparation of adequate scleral pouches in conventional positions. A minimal conjunctival peritomy allows at the end of surgery an electric cauterization, thus using no suture material in the whole course of vitrectomy., Results: Sutureless vitrectomies can only be installed in the primary operation. However, re-operations on 3 eyes were possible in the same manner using the old sclerotomy sites up to 6 weeks after initial surgery. In 12 eyes the sclerotomy had to be covered with a single suture to obtain adequate wound closure. A repetitive change of instruments during the surgical procedure is possible with this technique and all types of intraocular instruments can be employed., Conclusions: Self-sealing sclerotomies are a simple and atraumatic approach for wound closure in pars-plana vitrectomies and allow a control of intraocular pressure during surgery.

Published
1999
Full Text
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