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1. A risk stratified protocol for breast screening for women with dense breasts.

Author: J.E. Do, T. Mezzini, K. Funahashi, S. Bau, and B. Fosh
Subjects: Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published: 2024
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2. The impact of early adversity on later life health, lifestyle, and cognition

Author: Morgane Künzi, D. A. Gheorghe, J. Gallacher, and S. Bauermeister
Subjects: Adversity, Physical health, Mental health, Lifestyle, Cognition, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Early life adversity has been shown to have long-lasting detrimental effects on a variety of biopsychosocial outcomes. Early adversity and its consequences may directly or indirectly affect cognitive aging and increase the risk of developing dementia in older age. Investigating the biopsychosocial outcomes associated with early adverse experiences is essential to inform health policies and promote healthy cognitive development across the life course. Methods The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of early adversity (i.e., abuse and deprivation) on selected outcomes (i.e., physical and mental health, lifestyle, and cognition) in two UK cohorts (the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), N = 12,653, Mdn age = 66, SD age = 9.58; UK Biobank, N = 502,360, Mdn age = 58, SD age = 8.09). In both cohorts, adversities were self-reported retrospectively, and only those adversity types assessed in both cohorts were utilized. A post-hoc analysis was performed to examine the role of education as a mediator of the association between early adversity and the selected outcomes. Results Most of the results show that early adversity is negatively associated with health (both physical and mental), lifestyle, and cognition while also highlighting the important mediating role of education. However, differences exist according to the specific adversity experienced and the cohort studied. Conclusions The results found bring into attention the complex associations between early adversity and multiple later life outcomes, and suggest that various mechanisms might be at play. Furthermore, the findings highlight the importance of multi-cohort comparisons for the generalization of the results.
Published: 2024
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3. CARACTÉRISATION DE NANOMATÉRIAUX EN MICROSCOPIE ÉLECTRONIQUE : VERS UNE ANALYSE D'IMAGE ENTIÈREMENT AUTOMATISÉE

Author: S. MEROUANE, O. RASTOIX, S. BAU, and R. PAYET
Subjects: electron microscopy, nanomatériaux, microscopie électronique, deep learning, nanomaterials
Abstract: Les poudres nanostructurées, c'est-à-dire constituées de plus de 50% en nombre d'objets ayant au moins une dimension comprise entre 1 nm et 100 nm, sont utilisées dans de nombreux secteurs industriels. Pour évaluer l'exposition des salariés à des nano-objets, leurs agglomérats et agrégats (NOAA), le caractère nanostructuré des aérosols collectés dans l'air est étudié via la microscopie électronique. La taille d'un nombre représentatif de particules constitutives doit être mesuré manuellement sur les images obtenues. Cette opération chronophage et fastidieuse rend nécessaire l'automatisation de l'analyse. Plusieurs outils d'analyse d'images appliqués à des nanomatériaux ont été comparés dans ce travail qui a permis de démontrer l'intérêt des algorithmes d'apprentissage pour effectuer cette tâche., Nanostructured powders, i.e. comprised of more than 50% by number of objects with at least one dimension between 1 nm and 100 nm, are used in numerous industrial fields. To determine the exposure of workers to nano-objects, the nanometric character of collected aerosols in the workplace air is studied using electron microscopy. The size of a large number of constituent particles needs to be measured on the obtained images. This task being time-consuming and tedious, it is useful automatizing the analysis. We compare some tools for image analyses applied to nanomaterials and show the interest of deep learning algorithms to perform this task.
Published: 2023
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4. Adherence to resistance training and hypocaloric diet among persons near retirement age — A secondary data analysis of three randomized controlled trials

Author: S. Bauer, L. Reiter, P.J.M. Weijs, J.D. Schoufour, Y. Boirie, E. Topinková, R.G. Memelink, A.M. Verreijen, A. Borenich, and D. Eglseer
Subjects: Adherence, Resistance training, Hypocaloric diet, Retirement age, Overweight, Obese, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract: Objectives: Adherence to lifestyle interventions is crucial for the treatment of obesity. However, there is little research about adherence to lifestyle interventions in persons around retirement age. The objectives of this study are (1) to identify factors associated with the adherence to resistance training and a hypocaloric diet and (2) to describe the association between adherence and changes in body composition outcome parameters. Design: This secondary data analysis included three randomized controlled trials. Setting & participants: The inclusion criteria of the participants were an age of 55–75 years, a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and receiving both a hypocaloric diet and resistance training. All participants were residing in the community. Measurements: Adherence to hypocaloric diet was measured through the mean dietary intake on the basis of a 3-day dietary record. If the participant consumed at least 600 kcal less than the individual caloric requirements, they were considered adherent. Adherence to resistance training was achieved if ≥67% of the recommended training sessions were attended over the course of the study periods. Results: 232 participants were included, 47.0% female, mean age 64.0 (±5.5) years. 80.2% adhered to resistance training and 51.3% adhered to a hypocaloric diet. Older age (Beta 0.41; 95% CI 0.05, 0.78; p = 0.028) and male sex (Beta 7.7; 95% CI 3.6, 11; p
Published: 2024
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5. EVALUATION DES PERFORMANCES DE MESURE DE MICRO-CAPTEURS DE PARTICULES A BAS COUTS VIS-A-VIS D'AEROSOLS DE NOAA

Author: B. SUTTER, A. BOIVIN, R. PAYET, V. KOEHLER, S. BAU, X. SIMON, and O. WITSCHGER
Subjects: Micro-capteur, Performance, NOAA, Low-cost sensor
Abstract: Dans le cadre de travaux de recherche prénormatifs qui ont été engagés par le CEN/TC137 afin d'étudier l'application des micro-capteurs d'aérosols pour l'évaluation de l'exposition professionnelle aux NOAA, nous avons exposé six types de micro-capteurs à des aérosols produits à partir de neuf poudres différentes composées de composées de Nano-Objets, Aggrégats et Agglomérats (NOAA). Une grande variabilité des réponses en fonction des aérosols générés est observée, quel que soit le type de micro-capteur, ne permettant pas de garantir une détermination précise des concentrations massiques (PMx) et numériques (PNx). Néanmoins, ces capteurs possèdent tous des réponses linéaires qui pourraient être calibrées vis-à-vis des aérosols mesurés., As part of prenormative research that was initiated by CEN / TC137 to study the application of aerosol micro-sensors for the assessment of occupational exposure to NOAAs, we have exposed six types of sensors to nine different powders constituted by Nano-Objects, Aggregates and Agglomerates (NOAA). A great variability of the responses in function of the powders generated was observed, whatever the type of sensor. It does not make it possible to guarantee a precise determination of the PMx and PNx. However, all these sensors have linear responses that can be calibrated regarding the measured aerosols.
Published: 2022
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6. PROPOSITION D'UN PROTOCOLE DE VÉRIFICATION DES SPECTROMÈTRES AÉRODYNAMIQUES ET MISE EN ?UVRE SUR 18 APPAREILS

Author: A. BOIVIN and S. BAU
Subjects: précision en taille, concentration accuracy, sizing acuracy, verification protocol, précision en concentration, protocole de vérification, APS
Abstract: Cette étude vise à proposer un protocole opérationnel pour vérifier, en laboratoire, les granulomètres aérodynamiques (APS, TSI modèles 3320 3321), qui permettent de mesurer la distribution granulométrique des aérosols entre 0,5 et 20 ?m. Associé à des critères de performance, le protocole a été appliqué à un ensemble de 18 spécimens d'APS, afin de s'assurer de l'applicabilité de la procédure proposée. Les résultats montrent des écarts entre les mesures issues des APS et les valeurs de référence, soulignant la nécessité de qualifier les performances des APS ainsi que la variabilité interspécimens., This study aims at proposing an operational protocol to verify, in the laboratory, aerodynamic particle sizers (APS, TSI models 3320 3321), which allow the size distribution of aerosols to be measured in the range from 0.5 to 20 ?m. Associated with performance criteria, the protocol was applied to a set of 18 specimens of APS, in order to ensure the applicability of the procedure proposed. The results show discrepancies between the measurements and reference values, highlighting the need for qualifying the performances of APS as well as the inter-specimen variability.
Published: 2022
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7. CARACTÉRISATION STRUCTURALE DE MÉDIAS DE COLLECTE DE NANOPARTICULES PAR DIFFUSION ET MESURE EXPÉRIMENTALE DE LA PÉNÉTRATION

Author: A. HOYOS, A. JOUBERT, and S. BAU
Subjects: pénétration, diffusion, penetration, nanoparticles, nanoparticules
Abstract: La distribution granulométrique des aérosols de nanoparticules compte parmi les paramètres d'importance dans la caractérisation des expositions professionnelles, et sa mesure requiert des techniques très coûteuses et délicates à mettre en ?uvre sur le terrain. Dans le cadre du développement d'une solution alternative à ces méthodes reposant sur l'utilisation d'un couple sélecteur / détecteur, deux médias permettant la sélection diffusionnelle des particules submicroniques ont été caractérisés en laboratoire. Les propriétés structurales de ces médias, ainsi que la mesure expérimentale de leur efficacité de collecte, ont été utilisées pour alimenter des modèles théoriques et semi-empiriques de pénétration. Le modèle mathématique développé s'ajuste bien aux résultats expérimentaux de pénétration pour différents médias et permet de caractériser l'efficacité de collecte de toutes les particules indépendamment de leur morphologie., The number size distribution of airborne submicrometer particles is one of the most important parameters for the characterization of occupational exposures, and its measurement involves expensive techniques that are not often suitable for workplace measurements. As part of the development of an alternative solution to these methods based on the combination of particle size selectors and a portable condensation particle counter, two media were characterized in the laboratory. The structural properties of these diffusion grids, as well as their experimental collection efficiency, were used to develop theoretical and semi-empirical models of penetration. The resulting mathematical model fits well to the experimental values for different velocities and allows characterizing the collection efficiency of particles regardless of their morphology.
Published: 2022
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8. ETUDE AU LABORATOIRE DES PERFORMANCES D'INSTRUMENTS DE MESURE EN TEMPS RÉEL DE LA CONCENTRATION MASSIQUE DES AÉROSOLS : APPLICATION A UN AÉROSOL MONODISPERSÉ DE SILICE

Author: S. BAU, V. KOEHLER, and X. SIMON
Subjects: optical particle counter, real-time metrology, compteur optique de particules, photomètre, photometer, métrologie temps réel
Abstract: La métrologie en temps réel (MTR) des polluants particulaires dans les atmosphères de travail s'est démocratisée ces dernières années et permet de répondre à de nombreux enjeux de prévention. Parmi les différentes familles d'instruments de MTR, les compteurs optiques de particules (COP) et les photomètres sont les seuls à mesurer la concentration massique des aérosols. Il existe aujourd'hui de nombreux appareils sur le marché, pour lesquels il demeure un déficit de connaissances concernant leurs performances. Ces travaux présentent les résultats obtenus pour deux photomètres et un COP vis-à-vis d'un aérosol d'essai monodispersé de silice. In fine, les connaissances acquises permettront d'élaborer des préconisations en matière de mise en oeuvre de la MTR pour la mesure de la concentration massique des aérosols au poste de travail., The use of real-time metrology (RTM) of particulate pollutants in work atmospheres has increased in recent years and allows multiple prevention issues to be addressed. Among the different families of RTM instruments, optical particle counters (OPC) and photometers are the only ones to measure the mass concentration of aerosols. If there are many devices on the market, their performances still need to be investigated. This work presents the results obtained for two photometers and an OPC using a monodisperse silica test aerosol. Ultimately, the knowledge acquired in this study will help develop recommendations for the implementation of RTM to measure aerosol mass concentration at workplaces.
Published: 2022
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9. OPTIMISATION DE LA MÉTHODE DE PRÉLÈVEMENT DE PARTICULES ULTRAFINES MÉTALLIQUES PAR DES IMPACTEURS EN CASCADE

Author: V. MATERA, N. GAUDEL, and S. BAU
Subjects: DLPI+, MARPLE, distribution, dépôts de graisse, nanoparticles, Minimoudi, impactor, SIOUTAS, impacteur, nanoparticules, grease deposit
Abstract: Les impacteurs en cascade permettent de déterminer, via l'analyse gravimétrique des supports, la distribution granulométrique en masse d'aérosols. L'aérosol généré sur un banc de fumées de soudage (BFS) a permis de déterminer l'influence sur le prélèvement de divers paramètres tels que la nature et la quantité du dépôt de graisse sur les supports de collecte pour plusieurs dispositifs. Quatre impacteurs en cascade ont été étudiés lors de ces essais (DLPI+, MARPLE, SIOUTAS et Minimoudi). Les résultats confirment l'intérêt du graissage des supports. Les conditions optimales de préparation des supports, afin de réaliser des prélèvements reproductibles, ont également été déterminées., Cascade impactors make it possible to determine, via gravimetric analysis of the supports, airborne particle mass size distribution. The aerosol generated by a welding fume setup was used to determine the influence on the sampling of various parameters such as the nature and quantity of the grease deposit on the collection supports for several devices. Four cascade impactors were studied during these tests (DLPI +, MARPLE, SIOUTAS and Minimoudi). The results confirm the benefit of lubricating the supports. The optimal conditions for preparing the supports, in order to carry out reproducible samples, were also determined.
Published: 2022
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10. Evaluation of CMIP6 model simulations of PM2.5 and its components over China

Author: F. Ren, J. Lin, C. Xu, J. A. Adeniran, J. Wang, R. V. Martin, A. van Donkelaar, M. S. Hammer, L. W. Horowitz, S. T. Turnock, N. Oshima, J. Zhang, S. Bauer, K. Tsigaridis, Ø. Seland, P. Nabat, D. Neubauer, G. Strand, T. van Noije, P. Le Sager, and T. Takemura
Subjects: Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulate various components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as major climate forcers. Yet the model performance for PM2.5 components remains little evaluated due in part to a lack of observational data. Here, we evaluate near-surface concentrations of PM2.5 and its five main components over China as simulated by 14 CMIP6 models, including organic carbon (OC; available in 14 models), black carbon (BC; 14 models), sulfate (14 models), nitrate (4 models), and ammonium (5 models). For this purpose, we collect observational data between 2000 and 2014 from a satellite-based dataset for total PM2.5 and from 2469 measurement records in the literature for PM2.5 components. Seven models output total PM2.5 concentrations, and they all underestimate the observed total PM2.5 over eastern China, with GFDL-ESM4 (−1.5 %) and MPI-ESM-1-2-HAM (−1.1 %) exhibiting the smallest biases averaged over the whole country. The other seven models, for which we recalculate total PM2.5 from the available component output, underestimate the total PM2.5 concentrations partly because of the missing model representations of nitrate and ammonium. Concentrations of the five individual components are underestimated in almost all models, except that sulfate is overestimated in MPI-ESM-1-2-HAM by 12.6 % and in MRI-ESM2-0 by 24.5 %. The underestimation is the largest for OC (by −71.2 % to −37.8 % across the 14 models) and the smallest for BC (−47.9 % to −12.1 %). The multi-model mean (MMM) reproduces the observed spatial pattern for OC (R = 0.51), sulfate (R = 0.57), nitrate (R = 0.70) and ammonium (R = 0.74) fairly well, yet the agreement is poorer for BC (R = 0.39). The varying performances of ESMs on total PM2.5 and its components have important implications for the modeled magnitude and spatial pattern of aerosol radiative forcing.
Published: 2024
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11. Decision-making strategies implemented in SolFinder 1.0 to identify eco-efficient aircraft trajectories: application study in AirTraf 3.0

Author: F. Castino, F. Yin, V. Grewe, H. Yamashita, S. Matthes, S. Dietmüller, S. Baumann, M. Soler, A. Simorgh, M. Mendiguchia Meuser, F. Linke, and B. Lührs
Subjects: Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: The optimization of aircraft trajectories involves balancing operating costs and climate impact, which are often conflicting objectives. To achieve compromised optimal solutions, higher-level information such as preferences of decision-makers must be taken into account. This paper introduces the SolFinder 1.0 module, a decision-making tool designed to identify eco-efficient aircraft trajectories, which allow for the reduction of the flight's climate impact with limited cost penalties compared to cost-optimal solutions. SolFinder 1.0 offers flexible decision-making options that allow users to select trade-offs between different objective functions, including fuel use, flight time, NOx emissions, contrail distance, and climate impact. The module is included in the AirTraf 3.0 submodel, which optimizes trajectories under atmospheric conditions simulated by the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry model. This paper focuses on the ability of the module to identify eco-efficient trajectories while solving a bi-objective optimization problem that minimizes climate impact and operating costs. SolFinder 1.0 enables users to explore trajectory properties at varying locations of the Pareto fronts without prior knowledge of the problem results and to identify solutions that limit the cost of reducing the climate impact of a single flight.
Published: 2024
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12. NOAA LCS : UN PROJET DE RECHERCHE PRÉNORMATIVE SUR L'APPLICATION DES MICRO-CAPTEURS D'AÉROSOLS POUR LA MESURE DES NOAA SUR LES LIEUX DE TRAVAIL

Author: B. SUTTER, S. BAU, X. SIMON, R. PAYET, A. BOIVIN, O. WITSCHGER, A. BESCOND, and F. GAIE-LEVREL
Subjects: exposure, micro-capteur aérosol, low-cost aerosol sensor, NOAA, exposition
Abstract: Ce travail a pour objectif de présenter le travail de recherche prénormative qui ont été engagés par le CEN/TC137 afin d'étudier l'application des micro-capteurs d'aérosols pour l'évaluation de l'exposition professionnelle aux nano-objets, leurs agrégats et agglomérats (NOAA). Le projet « NOAA LCS » mobilise plusieurs partenaires européens (DGUV, INRS, IUTA, LNE et TNO). Six micro-capteurs différents, présélectionnés suite à une revue de littérature, sont actuellement en cours d'étude dans les laboratoires et leurs performances seront évaluées sur des lieux de travail où sont manipulés des NOAA. Les résultats permettront d'établir une stratégie d'évaluation des expositions professionnelles qui prendra la forme d'un rapport technique (TS) dont la publication est prévue en 2023., The objective of this work is to present the prenormative research work that has been undertaken by CEN / TC137 in order to study the application of low-cost aerosol sensors for the assessment of occupational exposure to nano-objects, their aggregates and agglomerates (NOAA). The "NOAA LCS" project mobilizes several European partners (DGUV, INRS, IUTA, LNE and TNO). Six different low-cost sensors, preselected following a literature review, are currently being studied in laboratories and their performance will be evaluated in workplaces where NOAA is handled. The results will make it possible to establish an occupational exposure assessment strategy that will take the form of a technical specification (TS) scheduled for publication in 2023.
Published: 2021
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13. VALIDATION DES CONCENTRATIONS MASSIQUES MESURÉES PAR UNE MICROBALANCE À ÉLÉMENT OSCILLANT (TEOM) POUR L'ÉTUDE DES PERFORMANCES D'INSTRUMENTS EN TEMPS RÉEL

Author: X. SIMON, A. LEROY, V. KOEHLER, V. MATERA, and S. BAU(1)
Subjects: optical particle counter, compteur optique de particules, size distribution, photomètre, mass concentration, concentration massique, distribution granulométrique, photometer
Abstract: Du fait de leur aptitude à mesurer des événements transitoires de courte durée, les compteurs optiques de particules (COP) et les photomètres sont largement utilisés pour la caractérisation des aérosols dans les atmosphères de travail. Malgré la nécessité de déterminer un facteur de calibration pour obtenir des données de concentrations massiques plus précises pour un aérosol donné, des comparaisons avec des mesures gravimétriques sont très rarement mises en ?uvre et les utilisateurs travaillent quasi exclusivement avec les données brutes non corrigées. Ce travail a pour objectif de comparer les concentrations massiques mesurées par un TEOM à des mesures gravimétriques sur filtre ou des concentrations massiques mesurées par un photomètre (TSI AM510) et un COP (TSI OPS3330). Des aérosols d'essais ont été générés avec un générateur à brosse tournante (PALAS RBG-1000), un générateur par décharge électrique (PALAS GFG-1000) ou un nébuliseur de type Laskin. Les concentrations instantanées moyennes mesurées par le TEOM sont en bon accord avec les mesures de concentrations massiques obtenues par gravimétrie sur une plage comprise entre ~0,1 et ~100 mg.m-3. Dans le cas d'un aérosol bimodal de NaCl, les données brutes de l'AM510 sont corrélées de manière satisfaisante avec celles du TEOM ; les données brutes de l'OPS3330 sous-estiment quant-à-elles les concentrations massiques mesurées par le TEOM d'un facteur ≥2., Because of their ability to measure short-term fluctuations, optical particle counters (OPC) and photometers are widely used for real-time aerosol characterization in workplace atmospheres. Despite the need for a custom calibration factor to obtain more accurate mass concentration data in a specific working area, such a gravimetric comparison is rarely implemented and hygienists use raw data most of the time. This work aimed at comparing the mass concentrations measured by a TEOM to filter-based gravimetric measurements or to mass concentrations measured by a photometer (TSI AM510) and an OPC (TSI OPS3330). Test aerosols were produced using a rotating brush generator (PALAS RBG-1000), a spark generator (PALAS GFG-1000) or a Laskin-type nebulizer. Average online mass concentrations measured by the TEOM are in close agreement with offline filter-based mass concentrations over a range from ~0.1 to ~100 mg.m-3. Studied with a bimodal NaCl aerosol, AM510's raw data are satisfactorily correlated with TEOM, while OPS3330's raw data underestimate TEOM's mass concentrations by a factor of ≥2.
Published: 2021
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14. ETUDE DES PERFORMANCES DE DEUX COMPTEURS INDIVIDUELS À NOYAUX DE CONDENSATION

Author: S. BAU and R. PAYET
Subjects: personal CPC, CPC individuel, performances
Abstract: Bien qu'une variété d'instruments soit disponible sur le marché, les compteurs de particules à noyaux de condensation (CPC) constituent les dispositifs les plus souvent déployés en hygiène du travail pour évaluer l'exposition aux aérosols submicroniques suivant la métrique nombre. Récemment, les premiers CPC individuels ont été conçus par une société américaine, Enmont LLC (Environmental Monitoring Technology). Dans ce travail, les performances de deux nouveaux modèles, les PUFP C110 et C200, ont été caractérisées en laboratoire. Nos résultats expérimentaux mettent en évidence que les réponses des deux CPC individuels étudiés sont comparables et satisfaisantes, de l'ordre de +20% par rapport à la concentration de référence (TSI 3752). Il est cependant important de noter que leurs réponses sont affectées par la taille des particules ainsi que leur nature hydrophobe. De plus, des courbes d'efficacité de comptage ont été établies, conduisant à un d50 d'environ 20-25 nm, tandis que le temps de réponse à 95% s'est avéré être de 3 à 4 secondes., Though a variety of instruments are available on the market, Condensation Particle Counters (CPC) constitute the devices that are the most frequently deployed in occupational hygiene to assess exposure to airborne nanoparticles. Recently, the first individual CPC have been designed by an American company, Enmont LLC (Environmental Monitoring Technology), thus allowing personal measurements to be carried out. In this work, the reliability of two new specimens, the PUFP C110 and C200, have been characterized in the laboratory. Our experimental results highlight that both individual CPC under study have a comparable and satisfying response, which was found to be +20% with regards to the reference concentration (TSI 3752). Nonetheless, it is important to notice that their responses are impacted by particle size and hydrophobicity. In addition, counting efficiency curves have been established, leading to d50 of ~20-25 nm, while the 95% response time was found to be 3-4 seconds.
Published: 2021
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15. Solar radiation modification challenges decarbonization with renewable solar energy

Author: S. Baur, B. M. Sanderson, R. Séférian, and L. Terray
Subjects: Science, Geology, QE1-996.5, Dynamic and structural geology, QE500-639.5
Abstract: Solar radiation modification (SRM) is increasingly being discussed as a potential tool to reduce global and regional temperatures to buy time for conventional carbon mitigation measures to take effect. However, most simulations to date assume SRM to be an additive component to the climate change toolbox, without any physical coupling between mitigation and SRM. In this study we analyze one aspect of this coupling: how renewable energy (RE) capacity, and therefore decarbonization rates, may be affected under SRM deployment by modification of photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) production potential. Simulated 1 h output from the Earth system model CNRM-ESM2-1 for scenario-based experiments is used for the assessment. The SRM scenario uses stratospheric aerosol injections (SAIs) to approximately lower global mean temperature from the high-emission scenario SSP585 baseline to the moderate-emission scenario SSP245. We find that by the end of the century, most regions experience an increased number of low PV and CSP energy weeks per year under SAI compared to SSP245. Compared to SSP585, while the increase in low energy weeks under SAI is still dominant on a global scale, certain areas may benefit from SAI and see fewer low PV or CSP energy weeks. A substantial part of the decrease in potential with SAI compared to the SSP scenarios is compensated for by optically thinner upper-tropospheric clouds under SAI, which allow more radiation to penetrate towards the surface. The largest relative reductions in PV potential are seen in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes. Our study suggests that using SAI to reduce high-end global warming to moderate global warming could pose increased challenges for meeting energy demand with solar renewable resources.
Published: 2024
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16. Transcriptomic basis of sex loss in the pea aphid

Author: M. D. Huguet, S. Robin, S. Hudaverdian, S. Tanguy, N. Leterme-Prunier, R. Cloteau, S. Baulande, P. Legoix-Né, F. Legeai, J.-C. Simon, J. Jaquiéry, D. Tagu, and G. Le Trionnaire
Subjects: Cyclical and obligate parthenogenesis, Gene expression, Reproductive polymorphism, Asexuality, Insects, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Abstract Background Transitions from sexual to asexual reproduction are common in eukaryotes, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly known. The pea aphid—Acyrthosiphon pisum—exhibits reproductive polymorphism, with cyclical parthenogenetic and obligate parthenogenetic lineages, offering an opportunity to decipher the genetic basis of sex loss. Previous work on this species identified a single 840 kb region controlling reproductive polymorphism and carrying 32 genes. With the aim of identifying the gene(s) responsible for sex loss and the resulting consequences on the genetic programs controlling sexual or asexual embryogenesis, we compared the transcriptomic response to photoperiod shortening—the main sex-inducing cue—of a sexual and an obligate asexual lineage of the pea aphid, focusing on heads (where the photoperiodic cue is detected) and embryos (the final target of the cue). Results Our analyses revealed that four genes (one expressed in the head, and three in the embryos) of the region responded differently to photoperiod in the two lineages. We also found that the downstream genetic programs expressed during embryonic development of a future sexual female encompass ∼1600 genes, among which miRNAs, piRNAs and histone modification pathways are overrepresented. These genes mainly co-localize in two genomic regions enriched in transposable elements (TEs). Conclusions Our results suggest that the causal polymorphism(s) in the 840 kb region somehow impair downstream epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulations in obligate asexual lineages, thereby sustaining asexual reproduction.
Published: 2024
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17. Avapritinib-based SAR studies unveil a binding pocket in KIT and PDGFRA

Author: A. Teuber, T. Schulz, B. S. Fletcher, R. Gontla, T. Mühlenberg, M.-L. Zischinsky, J. Niggenaber, J. Weisner, S. B. Kleinbölting, J. Lategahn, S. Sievers, M. P. Müller, S. Bauer, and D. Rauh
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Avapritinib is the only potent and selective inhibitor approved for the treatment of D842V-mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), the most common primary mutation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA). The approval was based on the NAVIGATOR trial, which revealed overall response rates of more than 90%. Despite this transformational activity, patients eventually progress, mostly due to acquired resistance mutations or following discontinuation due to neuro-cognitive side effects. These patients have no therapeutic alternative and face a dismal prognosis. Notable, little is known about this drug’s binding mode and its medicinal chemistry development, which is instrumental for the development of the next generation of drugs. Against this background, we solve the crystal structures of avapritinib in complex with wild-type and mutant PDGFRA and stem cell factor receptor (KIT), which provide evidence and understanding of inhibitor binding and lead to the identification of a sub-pocket (Gα-pocket). We utilize this information to design, synthesize and characterize avapritinib derivatives for the determination of key pharmacophoric features to overcome drug resistance and limit potential blood-brain barrier penetration.
Published: 2024
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18. CARACTÉRISATION DES AÉROSOLS ÉMIS PAR UN PROCÉDÉ DE FABRICATION ADDITIVE MÉTALLIQUE

Author: S. BAU, D. ROUSSET, R. PAYET, and FX. KELLER
Subjects: Fabrication additive, Additive manufacturing, Direct-reading instruments, Métrologie temps réel, Exposition professionnelle, Occupational exposure
Abstract: Cet article rapporte les résultats expérimentaux obtenus lors de deux campagnes de mesure réalisées dans le domaine de la fabrication additive. Dans cette étude, les aérosols émis par le procédé ainsi que l'exposition individuelle à des particules en suspension dans l'air ont été évalués, impliquant à la fois des instruments à lecture directe et des échantillonneurs conventionnels. Les champs proche et lointain ont également été caractérisés. Les résultats mettent en évidence la nécessité de porter un équipement de protection lorsqu'une intervention dans l'enceinte est requise. De plus, des effets significatifs des paramètres de fonctionnement sur les distributions en nombre et en masse des aérosols émis ont été mis en évidence., This paper reports experimental results obtained from a measurement campaign carried out in the field of additive manufacturing. In this study, aerosols emitted by the process as well as personal exposure to airborne particles were assessed, involving both direct-reading instruments and conventional samplers. Near- and far-field were also characterized. The results highlight the need for wearing protective equipment when intervention in the enclosure is required. Strong effects of operating parameters on the number and mass size distributions of the aerosols emitted have also been noticed.
Published: 2020
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19. EVALUATION DES EXPOSITIONS PAR INHALATION AUX AÉROSOLS : VERS UNE DÉMARCHE INTÉGRÉE D'ANALYSE DES DONNÉES DE MESURE EN TEMPS RÉEL

Author: S. AUDIGNON-DURAND, L. GALEY, S. BAU, A. GARRIGOU, and O. WITSCHGER
Subjects: Aerosols, Aérosol, Direct-reading instruments, Métrologie temps réel, Exposition professionnelle, Occupational exposure
Abstract: Dans le cadre d'un projet transdisciplinaire alliant hygiénistes industriels, ergonomes et spécialistes de la métrologie des aérosols dont l'objectif principal était de proposer et tester une approche opérationnelle d'évaluation des expositions professionnelles alliant des phases de mesurage et d'observations de l'activité réelle de travail, des campagnes de mesurages en entreprises ont été effectuées. Nous présentons ici les éléments d'une démarche pour l'analyse des données issue des mesures en temps réel visant à mieux décrire et comprendre les niveaux d'exposition, à des fins d'utilisation épidémiologique ou de prévention., As part of a transdisciplinary project combining industrial hygienists, ergonomists, and specialists in aerosol metrology, whose main objective was to propose and test an operational approach to assess occupational inhalation exposures combining phases of measurement and observations of the actual work activity, field campaigns at workplaces were performed. Here, we present the elements of an integrated approach to analyze real-time measurement data aimed at better describing and understanding exposure levels for epidemiological use or prevention purposes.
Published: 2020
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20. APPORT DE LA MÉTROLOGIE DES AÉROSOLS POUR LES ÉTUDES DE TOXICOLOGIE PAR INHALATION

Author: F. COSNIER, S. BAU, S. GROSSMANN, S. VITON, H. NUNGE, R. PAYET, C. SEIDEL, and L. GATÉ
Subjects: Inhalation, Aérosol, Toxicology, Metrology, Aerosol, Toxicologie, Métrologie
Abstract: En 2014, l'INRS s'est doté d'un système de génération de nanoaérosols adapté aux études de toxicologie par inhalation. Baptisé NanoTIREx pour « Nanomaterial Toxicology Inhalation system for Rodent Exposure », ce dispositif a depuis été mis en ?uvre au cours d'une quinzaine de campagnes d'exposition subaiguë (1 mois) avec différents types d'aérosols (issus de différentes natures de poudre et avec des granulométries et des niveaux de concentrations variés). Nous proposonsde faire un retour d'expérience et d'évoquer quels ont été les challenges à relever pour mener à bien ce type d'expérimentation et en quoi la mise en place d'une stratégie de métrologie des aérosols adaptée a permis de surmonter certains obstacles et de répondre aux besoins de la toxicologie., INRS has developped a nanoaerosol generation system adapted to inhalation toxicology studies called NanoTIREx for "Nanomaterial Toxicology Inhalation System for Rodent Exposure". Since 2014, this inhalation facility has been implemented during fifteen subacute exposure campaigns (1 month) with different types of aerosols (from different powder and with varying sizes distributions and concentrations). We proposeto make a 5-year feedback and to discuss what were the challenges to be faced with this type of experimentation and how a well-designed aerosol metrology strategy allowed to overcome certain obstacles and meet the needs of toxicology.
Published: 2020
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21. Safety profiling of technical lignins originating from various bioresources and conversion processes

Author: T. Jayabalan, P. Pandard, G. Binotto, J. Gomes, X. Ceschini, A. Aube, F. Gondelle, F. Pion, S. Baumberger, A. Jongerius, R.J.A. Gosselink, E. Cozzoni, and G. Marlair
Subjects: Technical lignins, physico-chemical characterization, thermal hazard, dust explosion risk assessment, biodegradability, safety profile influencing factors, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract: In this work, a set of eight technical lignin samples from various botanical origins and production processes were characterized for their chemical composition, higher heating value, size distribution, dust explosion sensitivity and severity, thermal hazard characteristics and biodegradability, in further support of their sustainable use. More specifically, safety-focused parameters have been assessed in terms of consistency with relating physico-chemical properties determined for the whole set of technical lignins. The results emphasized the heterogeneity and variability of technical lignins and the subsequent need for a comprehensive characterization of new lignin feedstocks arising from novel biorefineries. Indeed, significant differences were revealed between the samples in terms of hazards sensitivity. This first comparative physico-chemical safety profiling of technical lignins could be useful for the hazard analysis and the safe design of the facilities associated with large scale valorisation of biomass residues such as lignins, targeting “zero waste” sustainable conversion of bioresources.
Published: 2024
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22. The Emissions Model Intercomparison Project (Emissions-MIP): quantifying model sensitivity to emission characteristics

Author: H. Ahsan, H. Wang, J. Wu, M. Wu, S. J. Smith, S. Bauer, H. Suchyta, D. Olivié, G. Myhre, H. Matsui, H. Bian, J.-F. Lamarque, K. Carslaw, L. Horowitz, L. Regayre, M. Chin, M. Schulz, R. B. Skeie, T. Takemura, and V. Naik
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and precursor compounds are known to significantly affect the energy balance of the Earth–atmosphere system, alter the formation of clouds and precipitation, and have a substantial impact on human health and the environment. Global models are an essential tool for examining the impacts of these emissions. In this study, we examine the sensitivity of model results to the assumed height of SO2 injection, seasonality of SO2 and black carbon (BC) particulate emissions, and the assumed fraction of SO2 emissions that is injected into the atmosphere as particulate phase sulfate (SO4) in 11 climate and chemistry models, including both chemical transport models and the atmospheric component of Earth system models. We find large variation in atmospheric lifetime across models for SO2, SO4, and BC, with a particularly large relative variation for SO2, which indicates that fundamental aspects of atmospheric sulfur chemistry remain uncertain. Of the perturbations examined in this study, the assumed height of SO2 injection had the largest overall impacts, particularly on global mean net radiative flux (maximum difference of −0.35 W m−2), SO2 lifetime over Northern Hemisphere land (maximum difference of 0.8 d), surface SO2 concentration (up to 59 % decrease), and surface sulfate concentration (up to 23 % increase). Emitting SO2 at height consistently increased SO2 and SO4 column burdens and shortwave cooling, with varying magnitudes, but had inconsistent effects across models on the sign of the change in implied cloud forcing. The assumed SO4 emission fraction also had a significant impact on net radiative flux and surface sulfate concentration. Because these properties are not standardized across models this is a source of inter-model diversity typically neglected in model intercomparisons. These results imply a need to ensure that anthropogenic emission injection height and SO4 emission fraction are accurately and consistently represented in global models.
Published: 2023
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23. Investigation of the structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of NiFe2O4/nanoclay composites synthesized via sol-gel autocombustion

Author: S. Baul, T.C. Paul, K. Hoque, M.N.I. Khan, S. Islam, S.K. Sen, M.M. Kamal, and P. Bala
Subjects: Ferrite/nanoclay, Sol-gel autocombustion method, X-ray diffraction, FTIR, Dielectric constant, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract: NiFe2O4 nanoparticles supported with 0, 2, 4, and 6 wt% of dodecylalkylammonium intercalated montmorillonite (DDA-MMT) are synthesized by sol-gel autocombustion method. The structural and morphological properties have been analyzed by XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques. The dielectric, magnetic, optical and electrical properties of the prepared samples have been evaluated. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of MMT layers exfoliated NiFe2O4 nanoparticles by showing the absence of 001 reflection of DDA-MMT in NiFe2O4/DDA-MMT compounds. The crystallite size is determined to be 31.32 nm for naked Ni ferrite and decreases with increase of DDA-MMT content, which revealed crystallization of NiFe2O4 is influenced by DDA-MMT. The saturation magnetization of Ni ferrite is found to be increased from 29.84 emu/g to the range of 30.78–38.45 emu/g when supported with DDA-MMT up to 6 wt%. A significant enhancement of dielectric constant, from 2.7 to 4.2, is observed when Ni ferrite is supported with 2 wt% DDA-MMT which could be accounted for interfacial polarization between MMT layers and ferrite nanoparticles. Optical band gap increases from 1.67 to 1.76 eV with application of 2 wt% DDA-MMT as supporting material in Ni ferrite. Present work indicates that the magnetic, dielectric, optical as well as electrical properties of Ni ferrite nanomaterial may be modified by adding the right quantity of DDA-MMT as a supporting material, which will ultimately assist in broadening the uses of Ni ferrite.
Published: 2023
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24. Síndrome de Rokitansky- Kuster- Hauser- Mayer. Aspectos psicológicos y técnicas actuales en la creación de neovagina a propósito de dos casos

Author: S. Bau, J. M. Serra, C. Laparte, and J. Domínguez
Abstract: El presente trabajo hace un análisis del estado actual del síndrome de Rokitansky-Hauser-Kuster- Mayer teniendo en cuenta los aspectos clínico, diagnóstico y técnicas actuales en la construcción de una neovagina. Se hace especial hincapié en la importancia de los aspectos psicológicos y psicosociales en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de estas pacientes. Se presentan dos casos.
Published: 2017
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25. RELATIONS ENTRE PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSICO-CHIMIQUES ET PULVÉRULENCE DE NANOPOUDRES

Author: C. DAZON, O. WITSCHGER, S. BAU, R. PAYET, and P. L. LLEWELLYN
Subjects: aérosol, poudre, aerosol, surface spécifique, dustiness, surface area, pulvérulence, powder
Abstract: Les méthodes dites de dustiness sont de plus en plus reconnues comme pertinentes dans le cadre de l'évaluation a priori des expositions des travailleurs manipulant des nanomatériaux en poudres. Or, dans une volonté de réduction du risque dès la conception des produits (approche « safe-by-design »), il serait intéressant de connaître les relations potentielles liant les propriétés physico-chimiques des poudres aux caractéristiques des aérosols qu'elles peuvent émettre lors d'une sollicitation mécanique. Dans ce travail, nous montrons que les indices de pulvérulence en nombre de quinze poudres nanométriques d'oxydes métallliques déterminés avec la méthode de dustiness Vortex Shaker augmentent avec les surfaces spécifiques des poudres et la diminution de leurs densités bulk. L'humidité de conditionnement des poudres n'affecte pas de manière significative les relations trouvées. La distribution granulométrique des aérosols n'est en revanche pas liées aux propriétés des poudres d'après nos résultats. La surface spécifique et la densité bulk pourraient à l'avenir être considérées dans une approche « safe by design » pour réduire les potentiels d'émission des nanomatériaux en poudres si ces tendances se confirment
Published: 2019
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26. MESURES DE TAILLE DE NANOPARTICULES PAR SMPS : UNE INTERCOMPARAISON DANS LE CADRE DU CLUB NANOMETROLOGIE

Author: F. GAIE-LEVREL, L. BREGONZIO-ROZIER, S. BAU, R. PAYET, S. ARTOUS, S. JACQUINOT, A. GUIOT, F.-X. OUF, S. BOURROUS, A. MARPILLAT, V. CRENN, C. FOULQUIER, and G. SMITH
Subjects: suspension colloïdale, colloidal suspension, Intercomparaison, TiO2, Intercomparison, SiO2, SMPS
Abstract: Une campagne d'intercomparaison sur la mesure de la taille de nanoparticules a été organisée en 2018 dans le cadre du GT1- Santé et Environnement du club nanométrologie. L'objectif est de faire un état des lieux d'un point de vue métrologique des capacités de mesure de la taille de divers nano-objets en France, parmi lesquelles le SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) utilisé en métrologie des aérosols. Quatre échantillons ont été proposés, à savoir, une suspension colloïdale de SiO2 (European Reference Material ERM-FD304) constituée d'une population monomodale, deux échantillons constitués de deux populations de nanoparticules de SiO2 ayant des proportions à déterminer, et une suspension colloïdale de TiO2 alimentaire (E171). Cet article présente la description du banc expérimental, le protocole de préparation des échantillons ainsi que les résultats préliminaires de cette intercomparaison., An intercomparison campaign on nanoparticle size measurement was organized in 2018 as part of the nanometrology working group n°1 - Health and Environment-. The aim of this study is to make an inventory of the metrological capabilities of all measurement techniques in France involved in the ?nano? range, including the SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) concerning the aerosols metrology. Four samples have been proposed namely (1) - a SiO2 colloidal suspension (FD304) consisting of a monomodal population, (2) - two samples consisting of two nanoparticle populations of SiO2 having proportions to be determined and (3) - a TiO2 colloidal suspension. This article presents preliminary results of this intercomparison study associated with the description of the experimental set-up and the sample preparation protocol with an identified schedule.
Published: 2019
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27. MÉTHODE DE DUSTINESS VORTEX SHAKER : INFLUENCE DES CONDITIONS D'ESSAIS SUR LES CARACTÉRISTIQUES DES AÉROSOLS DE POUDRES

Author: C. DAZON, O. WITSCHGER, S. BAU, R. PAYET, and P. L. LLEWELLYN
Subjects: poudre, vortex shaker, dustiness, humidité, humidity, powder
Abstract: Les méthodes dites de dustiness sont de plus en plus reconnues comme pertinentes dans le cadre de l'évaluation a priori des expositions des travailleurs manipulant des nanomatériaux en poudres. Bien que décrites dans des normes récentes, ces méthodes nécessitent encore l'étude de l'influence de paramètres tels que l'humidité des poudres ou la vitesse d'agitation des dispositifs mécaniques pour améliorer la maîtrise des conditions d'essais. Nous montrons ici que l'humidité de conditionnement des poudres avant des essais de dustiness avec la méthode du Vortex Shaker telle que décrite dans la norme (vitesse d'agitation de1800 rpm) n'influence pas significativement les résultats de pulvérulence et les distributions granulométriques des aérosols émis. En revanche, des vitesses d'agitation réduites combinées à une humidité relative de conditionnement de 80% impactent les résultats.
Published: 2019
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28. Robust 4D climate-optimal flight planning in structured airspace using parallelized simulation on GPUs: ROOST V1.0

Author: A. Simorgh, M. Soler, D. González-Arribas, F. Linke, B. Lührs, M. M. Meuser, S. Dietmüller, S. Matthes, H. Yamashita, F. Yin, F. Castino, V. Grewe, and S. Baumann
Subjects: Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: The climate impact of non-CO2 emissions, which are responsible for two-thirds of aviation radiative forcing, highly depends on the atmospheric chemistry and weather conditions. Hence, by planning aircraft trajectories to reroute areas where the non-CO2 climate impacts are strongly enhanced, called climate-sensitive regions, there is a potential to reduce aviation-induced non-CO2 climate effects. Weather forecast is inevitably uncertain, which can lead to unreliable determination of climate-sensitive regions and aircraft dynamical behavior and, consequently, inefficient trajectories. In this study, we propose robust climate-optimal aircraft trajectory planning within the currently structured airspace considering uncertainties in standard weather forecasts. The ensemble prediction system is employed to characterize uncertainty in the weather forecast, and climate-sensitive regions are quantified using the prototype algorithmic climate change functions. As the optimization problem is constrained by the structure of airspace, it is associated with hybrid decision spaces. To account for discrete and continuous decision variables in an integrated and more efficient manner, the optimization is conducted on the space of probability distributions defined over flight plans instead of directly searching for the optimal profile. A heuristic algorithm based on the augmented random search is employed and implemented on graphics processing units to solve the proposed stochastic optimization computationally fast. An open-source Python library called ROOST (V1.0) is developed based on the aircraft trajectory optimization technique. The effectiveness of our proposed strategy to plan robust climate-optimal trajectories within the structured airspace is analyzed through two scenarios: a scenario with a large contrail climate impact and a scenario with no formation of persistent contrails. It is shown that, for a nighttime flight from Frankfurt to Kyiv, a 55 % reduction in climate impact can be achieved at the expense of a 4 % increase in the operating cost.
Published: 2023
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29. Alleviating the burden of depression: a simulation study on the impact of mental health services

Author: M. Wilhelm, S. Bauer, J. Feldhege, M. Wolf, and M. Moessner
Subjects: depression, health service research, mental health, psychotherapy, social and political issues, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Aims Depressive disorders are ranked as the single leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite immense efforts, there is no evidence of a global reduction in the disease burden in recent decades. The aim of the study was to determine the public health impact of the current service system (status quo), to quantify its effects on the depression-related disease burden and to identify the most promising strategies for improving healthcare for depression on the population level. Methods A Markov model was developed to quantify the impact of current services for depression (including prevention, treatment and aftercare interventions) on the total disease burden and to investigate the potential of alternative scenarios (e.g., improved reach or improved treatment effectiveness). Parameter settings were derived from epidemiological information and treatment data from the literature. Based on the model parameters, 10,000,000 individual lives were simulated for each of the models, based on monthly transition rates between dichotomous health states (healthy vs. diseased). Outcome (depression-related disease burden) was operationalized as the proportion of months spent in depression. Results The current healthcare system alleviates about 9.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.2%–9.7%) of the total disease burden related to depression. Chronic cases cause the majority (83.2%) of depression-related burden. From a public health perspective, improving the reach of services holds the largest potential: Maximum dissemination of prevention (26.9%; CI: 26.7%–27.1%) and treatment (26.5%; CI: 26.3%–26.7%) would result in significant improvements on the population level. Conclusions The results confirm an urgent need for action in healthcare for depression. Extending the reach of services is not only more promising but also probably more achievable than increasing their effectiveness. Currently, the system fails to address the prevention and treatment of chronic cases. The large proportion of the disease burden associated with chronic courses highlights the need for improved treatment policies and clinical strategies for this group (e.g., disease management and adaptive or personalized interventions). The model complements the existing literature by providing a new perspective on the depression-related disease burden and the complex interactions between healthcare services and the lifetime course.
Published: 2024
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30. Intermediate and long-term residual cardiovascular risk in patients with established cardiovascular disease treated with statins

Author: K. Vijayaraghavan, S. Baum, N. R. Desai, and S. J. Voyce
Subjects: secondary prevention, cardiovascular, long-term, eicosapentaenoic acid, omega-3 fatty acid, statins, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: IntroductionStatins remain the first-line treatment for secondary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) events, with lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) being their therapeutic target. Although LDL-C reduction significantly lowers CV risk, residual risk persists, even in patients with well-controlled LDL-C; thus, statin add-on agents that target pathways other than LDL-C, such as the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid, may help to further reduce persistent CV risk in patients with established CV disease.MethodsThis narrative review examines the contemporary literature assessing intermediate- and long-term event rates in patients with established CV disease treated with statins.ResultsCV event rates among patients treated with statins who have established CV disease, including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral arterial disease, accumulate over time, with a cumulative incidence of CV events reaching up to approximately 40% over 10 years. Recurrent stroke occurs in up to 19% of patients seven years after a first cerebrovascular event. Repeat revascularization and CV-related death occurs in up to 38% and 33% of patients with peripheral artery disease after three years, respectively.DiscussionAdditional treatment strategies, such as eicosapentaenoic acid, are needed to reduce persistent CV risk in patients with established CV disease treated with statins.
Published: 2024
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31. Histogénesis y anatomía patológica de las displasias del cuello uterino

Author: J. Toledo, S. Bau, A. C. Marcuello, M. Jurado, C. Laparte, G. López García, and F. De la Fuente
Published: 2016
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32. Manejo de las displasias del cuello uterino

Author: C. Cabezón, J. Toledo, J. Pérez Dettoma, S. Bau, A. C. Marcuello, F. De la Fuente, and G. López García
Published: 2016
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33. EFFICACITÉS D’ÉCHANTILLONNAGE DES CYCLONES GK2.69, GK4.162 ET IFA-FSP POUR LE PRÉLÈVEMENT DES FRACTIONS THORACIQUE ET ALVÉOLAIRE

Author: X. SIMON, A. BOIVIN, and S. BAU
Subjects: mesure d’exposition, respirable aerosols, exposure assessment, Efficacité d’échantillonnage, Sampler efficiency, thoracic aerosol, aérosols en fractions thoracique et alvéolaire, Métrologie des aérosols
Abstract: Le prélèvement d'aérosols suivant les fractions conventionnelles thoracique et alvéolaire liées à la santé est couramment utilisé pour mesurer l'exposition des travailleurs dans des situations professionnelles variées. Trois dispositifs de prélèvement de type cyclone ont été étudiés au laboratoire. Les efficacités physiques d'échantillonnage en fonction du diamètre aérodynamique des particules ont été mesurées dans un tunnel aéraulique horizontal et une méthodologie basée sur des mesures de concentrations en nombre de particules avec un APS. Pour chacun des cyclones, deux débits de prélèvement ont été déterminés afin d'échantillonner de manière optimisée les fractions thoracique et alvéolaire., Measurement of workers’ exposure to a thoracic or a respirable health-related aerosol fraction is necessary in a number of occupational situations. Three cyclone-type aerosol samplers were tested in laboratory conditions. Sampling efficiencies with respect to particle aerodynamic diameter were measured in a horizontal low wind tunnel using the APS method. Two optimized flow rates have been successfully determined for each of the three cyclones in order to be able to select both thoracic and respirable fractions.
Published: 2018
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34. DUSTINESS DE NANOMATÉRIAUX EN POUDRE : INTER-COMPARAISON DE QUATRE MÉTHODES

Author: C. DAZON, O.WITSCHGER, S. BAU, R. PAYET, K.A. JENSEN, E. JANKOWSKA, D.BARD, I.TUINMAN, D. DAHMANN, and P.LLEWELLYN
Subjects: Nanomateriau, dustiness, Nanomaterial, intercomparison
Abstract: Les méthodes dites de dustiness sont de plus en plus reconnues comme pertinentes dans le cadre de l'évaluation a priori des expositions des travailleurs manipulant des nanomatériaux en poudre. Dans ce projet européen impliquant six instituts européens référents en santé au travail, une approche harmonisée appliquée aux quatre méthodes qui coexistent en Europe a été définie. Cette approche a été mise en oeuvre sur une série de dix nanomatériaux produits et utilisés à grande échelle dans l'industrie. Sur la base des résultats obtenus, cinq normes CEN ont été proposées., The so-called dustiness methods are increasingly recognized as relevant in the a priori evaluation of the exposures of workers handling nanomaterials in powder form. In this European project involving six European reference institutes in occupational health, a harmonized approach was elaborated and applied to the four dustiness methods that coexist in Europe. This approach was implemented on a series of ten nanomaterials produced and used on a large scale in the industry. On the basis of the results obtained, five CEN standards were proposed.
Published: 2018
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35. UNE MÉTHODOLOGIE POUR ESTIMER LA DISTRIBUTION GRANULOMÉTRIQUE D’AÉROSOLS SUBMICRONIQUES PAR COUPLAGE PSS-CNC

Author: S. BAU and J. NUVOLI
Subjects: PSS-CNC combination, granulométrie, size distribution, couplage PSS-CNC
Abstract: Dans le cadre de la mise au point de méthodes opérationnelles permettant de déterminer la granulométrie des aérosols submicroniques en atmosphères de travail, une méthode basée sur le couplage entre un instrument de mesure intégrale (CNC, TSI 3007) et un dispositif de sélection de particules par diffusion (PSS, TSI 376060) a été mise au point. Associée à l'utilisation d'un programme de traitement des données, la méthode a été mise en œuvre sur une variété d'aérosols expérimentaux ; les résultats indiquent un bon accord avec une mesure de référence (SMPS)., In the framework of developing operational methods for determining the particle size distribution of submicron aerosols in workplaces, a method based on the coupling between an integral instrument (CNC, TSI 3007) and a particle size selector (PSS, TSI 376060) has been developed. Associated with the use of a specific data processing program, the method was implemented on a variety of experimental aerosols; the results indicate a good agreement with a reference measurement (SMPS).
Published: 2018
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36. DUSTINESS DE NANOMATÉRIAUX EN POUDRE : PROPOSITION D’UN NOUVEL INDICE RELATIF À LA MÉTRIQUE SURFACE

Author: C. DAZON, O. WITSCHGER, S. BAU, R. PAYET, V. FIERRO, K.A. JENSEN, E. JANKOWSKA, D. BARD, I. TUINMAN, and P. LLEWELLYN
Subjects: dustiness, Nanoparticules, surface, surface area, Nanomaterial, Nanomatériau
Abstract: Les méthodes dites de dustiness sont de plus en plus reconnues comme pertinentes dans le cadre de l'évaluation a priori des expositions des travailleurs manipulant des nanomatériaux en poudre. Jusqu'à présent, les méthodes prescrites dans les normes européennes proposent des indices relatifs à la seule métrique masse [mg/kg], alors que la surface est de plus en plus reconnue comme un déterminant approprié pour évaluer la toxicité pulmonaire des nanomatériaux insolubles ou peu solubles ainsi que les expositions professionnelles. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons un nouvel indice de dustiness basé sur la métrique surface [m2/kg]. Cet indice repose sur l'hypothèse d'équivalence entre la surface spécifique d'une poudre et son aérosol, ce que nous démontrons au travers d'expériences de laboratoire sur différents nanomatériaux produits et utilisés à grande échelle dans l'industrie. Ce nouvel indice de dustiness devrait être proposé lors de la future révision des normes européennes., The so-called dustiness methods are increasingly recognized as relevant in the a priori evaluation of the exposures of workers handling nanomaterials in powder form. Until now, the methods prescribed in the current European standards propose only mass-based dustiness indices [mg/kg], while the surface area is increasingly recognized as an appropriate determinant for assessing the pulmonary toxicity of insoluble or poorly soluble nanomaterials, as well as the workplace exposures. In this context, a new surface-based dustiness index [m2/kg] is proposed. This index is based on the assumption of the equivalence between the specific surface area of a powder and its aerosol, which is demonstrated through laboratory experiments on various nanomaterials produced and used on a large scale in industry. We recommend that this new dustiness index is proposed in the future revision of the European standards.
Published: 2018
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37. INTERCOMPARAISON EN LABORATOIRE DE 6 SPECTROMÈTRES AÉRODYNAMIQUES (APS, TSI 3320 ET 3321) EN TERMES DE MESURE DE TAILLE

Author: A. BOIVIN, S. BAU, and O. WITSCHGER
Subjects: variabilité, sizing accuracy, variability, precision en taille, Métrologie des aérosols, APS
Abstract: Ce travail vise à réaliser une intercomparaison de plusieurs spécimens de spectromètres aérodynamiques (Aerodynamic Particle Sizer, TSI modèles 3320 et 3321), qui permettent la mesure de la distribution granulométrique des aérosols entre 0,5 et 20 µm. A cette fin, un protocole reposant sur la génération d'aérosols de sphères de latex calibrées entre 0,7 et 15 µm a été développé, et mis en œuvre sur 6 instruments. Les résultats mettent en évidence des écarts sur les mesures effectuées et soulignent la nécessité de quantifier la variabilité inter-spécimens., This study aims at carrying out an intercomparison of several specimens of aerodynamic spectrometers (Aerodynamic Particle Sizer, TSI models 3320 and 3321), which allow measuring the size distribution of aerosols in the range from 0.5 to 20 µm. For this purpose, a protocol based on the generation of calibrated PSL between 0.7 and 15 µm was developed, and applied to 6 devices. The results show discrepancies between the measurements, highlighting the need for qualifying inter-specimen variability.
Published: 2018
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38. Adversity specificity and life period exposure on cognitive aging

Author: M. Künzi, S. Sieber, E. Joly-Burra, S. Cullati, S. Bauermeister, S. Stringhini, B. Draganski, N. Ballhausen, and M. Kliegel
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract This study set out to examine the role of different adversities experienced at different life course stages on cognitive aging (i.e., level and change). Data from the longitudinal study: Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) with the selection of participants over 60 years were used (N = 2662, Mdn age = 68, SD age = 5.39) in a Structural Equation Modeling. In early life, the experience of hunger predicted lower delayed recall (β = − 0.10, p
Published: 2023
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39. The deployment length of solar radiation modification: an interplay of mitigation, net-negative emissions and climate uncertainty

Author: S. Baur, A. Nauels, Z. Nicholls, B. M. Sanderson, and C.-F. Schleussner
Subjects: Science, Geology, QE1-996.5, Dynamic and structural geology, QE500-639.5
Abstract: A growing body of literature investigates the effects of solar radiation modification (SRM) on global and regional climates. Previous studies have focused on the potentials and the side effects of SRM, with little attention being given to possible deployment timescales and the levels of carbon dioxide removal required for a phase out. Here, we investigate the deployment timescales of SRM and how they are affected by different levels of mitigation, net-negative emissions (NNEs) and climate uncertainty. We generate a large dataset of 355 emission scenarios in which SRM is deployed to keep warming levels at 1.5 ∘C global mean temperature. Probabilistic climate projections from this ensemble result in a large range of plausible future warming and cooling rates that lead to various SRM deployment timescales. In all pathways consistent with extrapolated current ambition, SRM deployment would exceed 100 years even under the most optimistic assumptions regarding climate response. As soon as the temperature threshold is exceeded, neither mitigation nor NNEs or climate sensitivity alone can guarantee short deployment timescales. Since the evolution of mitigation under SRM, the availability of carbon removal technologies and the effects of climate reversibility will be mostly unknown at its initialisation time, it is impossible to predict how temporary SRM deployment would be. Any deployment of SRM therefore comes with the risk of multi-century legacies of deployment, implying multi-generational commitments of costs, risks and negative side effects of SRM and NNEs combined.
Published: 2023
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40. Erratum: Measurement of prompt and nonprompt charmonium suppression in PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV

Author: A. M. Sirunyan, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, F. Ambrogi, E. Asilar, T. Bergauer, J. Brandstetter, E. Brondolin, M. Dragicevic, J. Erö, A. Escalante Del Valle, M. Flechl, M. Friedl, R. Frühwirth, V. M. Ghete, J. Grossmann, J. Hrubec, M. Jeitler, A. König, N. Krammer, I. Krätschmer, D. Liko, T. Madlener, I. Mikulec, E. Pree, N. Rad, H. Rohringer, J. Schieck, R. Schöfbeck, M. Spanring, D. Spitzbart, W. Waltenberger, J. Wittmann, C.-E. Wulz, M. Zarucki, V. Chekhovsky, V. Mossolov, J. Suarez Gonzalez, E. A. De Wolf, D. Di Croce, X. Janssen, J. Lauwers, M. Van De Klundert, H. Van Haevermaet, P. Van Mechelen, N. Van Remortel, S. Abu Zeid, F. Blekman, J. D’Hondt, I. De Bruyn, J. De Clercq, K. Deroover, G. Flouris, D. Lontkovskyi, S. Lowette, I. Marchesini, S. Moortgat, L. Moreels, Q. Python, K. Skovpen, S. Tavernier, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders, I. Van Parijs, D. Beghin, B. Bilin, H. Brun, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, H. Delannoy, B. Dorney, G. Fasanella, L. Favart, R. Goldouzian, A. Grebenyuk, A. K. Kalsi, T. Lenzi, J. Luetic, T. Maerschalk, A. Marinov, T. Seva, E. Starling, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, D. Vannerom, R. Yonamine, F. Zenoni, T. Cornelis, D. Dobur, A. Fagot, M. Gul, I. Khvastunov, D. Poyraz, C. Roskas, S. Salva, M. Tytgat, W. Verbeke, N. Zaganidis, H. Bakhshiansohi, O. Bondu, S. Brochet, G. Bruno, C. Caputo, A. Caudron, P. David, S. De Visscher, C. Delaere, M. Delcourt, B. Francois, A. Giammanco, M. Komm, G. Krintiras, V. Lemaitre, A. Magitteri, A. Mertens, M. Musich, K. Piotrzkowski, L. Quertenmont, A. Saggio, M. Vidal Marono, S. Wertz, J. Zobec, W. L. Aldá Júnior, F. L. Alves, G. A. Alves, L. Brito, M. Correa Martins Junior, C. Hensel, A. Moraes, M. E. Pol, P. Rebello Teles, E. Belchior Batista Das Chagas, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato, E. Coelho, E. M. Da Costa, G. G. Da Silveira, D. De Jesus Damiao, S. Fonseca De Souza, L. M. Huertas Guativa, H. Malbouisson, M. Melo De Almeida, C. Mora Herrera, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, L. J. Sanchez Rosas, A. Santoro, A. Sznajder, M. Thiel, E. J. Tonelli Manganote, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, A. Vilela Pereira, S. Ahuja, C. A. Bernardes, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E. M. Gregores, P. G. Mercadante, S. F. Novaes, Sandra S. Padula, D. Romero Abad, J. C. Ruiz Vargas, A. Aleksandrov, R. Hadjiiska, P. Iaydjiev, M. Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, G. Sultanov, A. Dimitrov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, W. Fang, X. Gao, L. Yuan, M. Ahmad, J. G. Bian, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, C. H. Jiang, D. Leggat, H. Liao, Z. Liu, F. Romeo, S. M. Shaheen, A. Spiezia, J. Tao, C. Wang, Z. Wang, E. Yazgan, H. Zhang, S. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. Ban, G. Chen, J. Li, Q. Li, S. Liu, Y. Mao, S. J. Qian, D. Wang, Z. Xu, F. Zhang, Y. Wang, C. Avila, A. Cabrera, C. A. Carrillo Montoya, L. F. Chaparro Sierra, C. Florez, C. F. González Hernández, J. D. Ruiz Alvarez, M. A. Segura Delgado, B. Courbon, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, I. Puljak, P. M. Ribeiro Cipriano, T. Sculac, Z. Antunovic, M. Kovac, V. Brigljevic, D. Ferencek, K. Kadija, B. Mesic, A. Starodumov, T. Susa, M. W. Ather, A. Attikis, G. Mavromanolakis, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos, P. A. Razis, H. Rykaczewski, M. Finger, E. Carrera Jarrin, M. A. Mahmoud, Y. Mohammed, E. Salama, R. K. Dewanjee, M. Kadastik, L. Perrini, M. Raidal, A. Tiko, C. Veelken, P. Eerola, H. Kirschenmann, J. Pekkanen, M. Voutilainen, J. Havukainen, J. K. Heikkilä, T. Järvinen, V. Karimäki, R. Kinnunen, T. Lampén, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Laurila, S. Lehti, T. Lindén, P. Luukka, H. Siikonen, E. Tuominen, J. Tuominiemi, T. Tuuva, M. Besancon, F. Couderc, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, J. L. Faure, F. Ferri, S. Ganjour, S. Ghosh, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, P. Jarry, I. Kucher, C. Leloup, E. Locci, M. Machet, J. Malcles, G. Negro, J. Rander, A. Rosowsky, M.Ö. Sahin, M. Titov, A. Abdulsalam, C. Amendola, I. Antropov, S. Baffioni, F. Beaudette, P. Busson, L. Cadamuro, C. Charlot, R. Granier de Cassagnac, M. Jo, S. Lisniak, A. Lobanov, J. Martin Blanco, M. Nguyen, C. Ochando, G. Ortona, P. Paganini, P. Pigard, R. Salerno, J. B. Sauvan, Y. Sirois, A. G. Stahl Leiton, T. Strebler, Y. Yilmaz, A. Zabi, A. Zghiche, J.-L. Agram, J. Andrea, D. Bloch, J.-M. Brom, M. Buttignol, E. C. Chabert, N. Chanon, C. Collard, E. Conte, X. Coubez, J.-C. Fontaine, D. Gelé, U. Goerlach, M. Jansová, A.-C. Le Bihan, N. Tonon, P. Van Hove, S. Gadrat, S. Beauceron, C. Bernet, G. Boudoul, R. Chierici, D. Contardo, P. Depasse, H. El Mamouni, J. Fay, L. Finco, S. Gascon, M. Gouzevitch, G. Grenier, B. Ille, F. Lagarde, I. B. Laktineh, M. Lethuillier, L. Mirabito, A. L. Pequegnot, S. Perries, A. Popov, V. Sordini, M. Vander Donckt, S. Viret, T. Toriashvili, Z. Tsamalaidze, C. Autermann, L. Feld, M. K. Kiesel, K. Klein, M. Lipinski, M. Preuten, C. Schomakers, J. Schulz, M. Teroerde, V. Zhukov, A. Albert, E. Dietz-Laursonn, D. Duchardt, M. Endres, M. Erdmann, S. Erdweg, T. Esch, R. Fischer, A. Güth, M. Hamer, T. Hebbeker, C. Heidemann, K. Hoepfner, S. Knutzen, M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, P. Millet, S. Mukherjee, T. Pook, M. Radziej, H. Reithler, M. Rieger, F. Scheuch, D. Teyssier, S. Thüer, G. Flügge, B. Kargoll, T. Kress, A. Künsken, T. Müller, A. Nehrkorn, A. Nowack, C. Pistone, O. Pooth, A. Stahl, M. Aldaya Martin, T. Arndt, C. Asawatangtrakuldee, K. Beernaert, O. Behnke, U. Behrens, A. Bermúdez Martínez, A. A. Bin Anuar, K. Borras, V. Botta, A. Campbell, P. Connor, C. Contreras-Campana, F. Costanza, C. Diez Pardos, G. Eckerlin, D. Eckstein, T. Eichhorn, E. Eren, E. Gallo, J. Garay Garcia, A. Geiser, J. M. Grados Luyando, A. Grohsjean, P. Gunnellini, M. Guthoff, A. Harb, J. Hauk, M. Hempel, H. Jung, M. Kasemann, J. Keaveney, C. Kleinwort, I. Korol, D. Krücker, W. Lange, A. Lelek, T. Lenz, J. Leonard, K. Lipka, W. Lohmann, R. Mankel, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann, A. B. Meyer, G. Mittag, J. Mnich, A. Mussgiller, E. Ntomari, D. Pitzl, A. Raspereza, M. Savitskyi, P. Saxena, R. Shevchenko, N. Stefaniuk, G. P. Van Onsem, R. Walsh, Y. Wen, K. Wichmann, C. Wissing, O. Zenaiev, R. Aggleton, S. Bein, V. Blobel, M. Centis Vignali, T. Dreyer, E. Garutti, D. Gonzalez, J. Haller, A. Hinzmann, M. Hoffmann, A. Karavdina, R. Klanner, R. Kogler, N. Kovalchuk, S. Kurz, T. Lapsien, D. Marconi, M. Meyer, M. Niedziela, D. Nowatschin, F. Pantaleo, T. Peiffer, A. Perieanu, C. Scharf, P. Schleper, A. Schmidt, S. Schumann, J. Schwandt, J. Sonneveld, H. Stadie, G. Steinbrück, F. M. Stober, M. Stöver, H. Tholen, D. Troendle, E. Usai, A. Vanhoefer, B. Vormwald, M. Akbiyik, C. Barth, M. Baselga, S. Baur, E. Butz, R. Caspart, T. Chwalek, F. Colombo, W. De Boer, A. Dierlamm, N. Faltermann, B. Freund, R. Friese, M. Giffels, M. A. Harrendorf, F. Hartmann, S. M. Heindl, U. Husemann, F. Kassel, S. Kudella, H. Mildner, M. U. Mozer, Th. Müller, M. Plagge, G. Quast, K. Rabbertz, M. Schröder, I. Shvetsov, G. Sieber, H. J. Simonis, R. Ulrich, S. Wayand, M. Weber, T. Weiler, S. Williamson, C. Wöhrmann, R. Wolf, G. Anagnostou, G. Daskalakis, T. Geralis, A. Kyriakis, D. Loukas, I. Topsis-Giotis, G. Karathanasis, S. Kesisoglou, A. Panagiotou, N. Saoulidou, K. Kousouris, I. Evangelou, C. Foudas, P. Gianneios, P. Katsoulis, P. Kokkas, S. Mallios, N. Manthos, I. Papadopoulos, E. Paradas, J. Strologas, F. A. Triantis, D. Tsitsonis, M. Csanad, N. Filipovic, G. Pasztor, O. Surányi, G. I. Veres, G. Bencze, C. Hajdu, D. Horvath, Á. Hunyadi, F. Sikler, V. Veszpremi, N. Beni, S. Czellar, J. Karancsi, A. Makovec, J. Molnar, Z. Szillasi, M. Bartók, P. Raics, Z. L. Trocsanyi, B. Ujvari, S. Choudhury, J. R. Komaragiri, S. Bahinipati, S. Bhowmik, P. Mal, K. Mandal, A. Nayak, D. K. Sahoo, N. Sahoo, S. K. Swain, S. Bansal, S. B. Beri, V. Bhatnagar, R. Chawla, N. Dhingra, A. Kaur, M. Kaur, S. Kaur, R. Kumar, P. Kumari, A. Mehta, J. B. Singh, G. Walia, Ashok Kumar, Aashaq Shah, A. Bhardwaj, S. Chauhan, B. C. Choudhary, R. B. Garg, S. Keshri, A. Kumar, S. Malhotra, M. Naimuddin, K. Ranjan, R. Sharma, R. Bhardwaj, R. Bhattacharya, S. Bhattacharya, U. Bhawandeep, S. Dey, S. Dutt, S. Dutta, N. Majumdar, A. Modak, K. Mondal, S. Mukhopadhyay, S. Nandan, A. Purohit, A. Roy, S. Roy Chowdhury, S. Sarkar, M. Sharan, S. Thakur, P. K. Behera, R. Chudasama, D. Dutta, V. Jha, V. Kumar, A. K. Mohanty, P. K. Netrakanti, L. M. Pant, P. Shukla, A. Topkar, T. Aziz, S. Dugad, B. Mahakud, S. Mitra, G. B. Mohanty, N. Sur, B. Sutar, S. Banerjee, S. Chatterjee, P. Das, M. Guchait, Sa. Jain, S. Kumar, M. Maity, G. Majumder, K. Mazumdar, T. Sarkar, N. Wickramage, S. Dube, V. Hegde, A. Kapoor, K. Kothekar, S. Pandey, A. Rane, S. Sharma, S. Chenarani, E. Eskandari Tadavani, S. M. Etesami, M. Khakzad, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, M. Naseri, S. Paktinat Mehdiabadi, F. Rezaei Hosseinabadi, B. Safarzadeh, M. Zeinali, M. Felcini, M. Grunewald, M. Abbrescia, C. Calabria, A. Colaleo, D. Creanza, L. Cristella, N. De Filippis, M. De Palma, F. Errico, L. Fiore, G. Iaselli, S. Lezki, G. Maggi, M. Maggi, G. Miniello, S. My, S. Nuzzo, A. Pompili, G. Pugliese, R. Radogna, A. Ranieri, G. Selvaggi, A. Sharma, L. Silvestris, R. Venditti, P. Verwilligen, G. Abbiendi, C. Battilana, D. Bonacorsi, L. Borgonovi, S. Braibant-Giacomelli, R. Campanini, P. Capiluppi, A. Castro, F. R. Cavallo, S. S. Chhibra, G. Codispoti, M. Cuffiani, G. M. Dallavalle, F. Fabbri, A. Fanfani, D. Fasanella, P. Giacomelli, C. Grandi, L. Guiducci, S. Marcellini, G. Masetti, A. Montanari, F. L. Navarria, A. Perrotta, A. M. Rossi, T. Rovelli, G. P. Siroli, N. Tosi, S. Albergo, S. Costa, A. Di Mattia, F. Giordano, R. Potenza, A. Tricomi, C. Tuve, G. Barbagli, K. Chatterjee, V. Ciulli, C. Civinini, R. D’Alessandro, E. Focardi, P. Lenzi, M. Meschini, S. Paoletti, L. Russo, G. Sguazzoni, D. Strom, L. Viliani, L. Benussi, S. Bianco, D. Piccolo, F. Primavera, V. Calvelli, F. Ferro, F. Ravera, E. Robutti, S. Tosi, A. Benaglia, A. Beschi, L. Brianza, F. Brivio, V. Ciriolo, M. E. Dinardo, S. Fiorendi, S. Gennai, A. Ghezzi, P. Govoni, M. Malberti, S. Malvezzi, R. A. Manzoni, D. Menasce, L. Moroni, M. Paganoni, K. Pauwels, D. Pedrini, S. Pigazzini, S. Ragazzi, T. Tabarelli de Fatis, S. Buontempo, N. Cavallo, S. Di Guida, F. Fabozzi, F. Fienga, A. O. M. Iorio, W. A. Khan, L. Lista, S. Meola, P. Paolucci, C. Sciacca, F. Thyssen, P. Azzi, N. Bacchetta, L. Benato, D. Bisello, A. Boletti, R. Carlin, A. Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira, P. Checchia, M. Dall’Osso, P. De Castro Manzano, T. Dorigo, F. Gasparini, U. Gasparini, A. Gozzelino, S. Lacaprara, P. Lujan, M. Margoni, A. T. Meneguzzo, N. Pozzobon, P. Ronchese, R. Rossin, F. Simonetto, E. Torassa, S. Ventura, M. Zanetti, P. Zotto, A. Braghieri, A. Magnani, P. Montagna, S. P. Ratti, V. Re, M. Ressegotti, C. Riccardi, P. Salvini, I. Vai, P. Vitulo, L. Alunni Solestizi, M. Biasini, G. M. Bilei, C. Cecchi, D. Ciangottini, L. Fanò, R. Leonardi, E. Manoni, G. Mantovani, V. Mariani, M. Menichelli, A. Rossi, A. Santocchia, D. Spiga, K. Androsov, P. Azzurri, G. Bagliesi, T. Boccali, L. Borrello, R. Castaldi, M. A. Ciocci, R. Dell’Orso, G. Fedi, L. Giannini, A. Giassi, M. 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Buchanan, C. Caillol, S. Dasu, L. Dodd, S. Duric, B. Gomber, M. Grothe, M. Herndon, A. Hervé, U. Hussain, P. Klabbers, A. Lanaro, A. Levine, K. Long, R. Loveless, T. Ruggles, A. Savin, N. Smith, W. H. Smith, D. Taylor, N. Woods, and CMS Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Published: 2023
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41. Measurements of the associated production of a W boson and a charm quark in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=8\,\text {TeV} $$ s = 8 TeV

Author: A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, T. Bergauer, M. Dragicevic, J. Erö, A. Escalante Del Valle, R. Frühwirth, M. Jeitler, N. Krammer, L. Lechner, D. Liko, T. Madlener, I. Mikulec, F. M. Pitters, N. Rad, J. Schieck, R. Schöfbeck, M. Spanring, S. Templ, W. Waltenberger, C.-E. Wulz, M. Zarucki, V. Chekhovsky, A. Litomin, V. Makarenko, J. Suarez Gonzalez, M. R. Darwish, E. A. De Wolf, D. Di Croce, T. Janssen, T. Kello, A. Lelek, M. Pieters, H. Rejeb Sfar, H. Van Haevermaet, P. Van Mechelen, S. Van Putte, N. Van Remortel, F. Blekman, E. S. Bols, S. S. Chhibra, J. D’Hondt, J. De Clercq, D. Lontkovskyi, S. Lowette, I. Marchesini, S. Moortgat, A. Morton, Q. Python, S. Tavernier, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders, D. Beghin, B. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, B. Dorney, L. Favart, A. Grebenyuk, A. K. Kalsi, I. Makarenko, L. Moureaux, L. Pétré, A. Popov, N. Postiau, E. Starling, L. Thomas, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, D. Vannerom, L. Wezenbeek, T. Cornelis, D. Dobur, M. Gruchala, I. Khvastunov, M. Niedziela, C. Roskas, K. Skovpen, M. Tytgat, W. Verbeke, B. Vermassen, M. Vit, G. Bruno, F. Bury, C. Caputo, P. David, C. Delaere, M. Delcourt, I. S. Donertas, A. Giammanco, V. Lemaitre, K. Mondal, J. Prisciandaro, A. Taliercio, M. Teklishyn, P. Vischia, S. Wuyckens, J. Zobec, G. A. Alves, C. Hensel, A. Moraes, W. L. Aldá Júnior, E. Belchior Batista Das Chagas, H. BRANDAO MALBOUISSON, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato, E. Coelho, E. M. Da Costa, G. G. Da Silveira, D. De JesusDamiao, S. Fonseca De Souza, J. Martins, D. Matos Figueiredo, M. Medina Jaime, C. Mora Herrera, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, P. Rebello Teles, L. J. Sanchez Rosas, A. Santoro, S. M. Silva Do Amaral, A. Sznajder, M. Thiel, F. Torres Da Silva DeAraujo, A. Vilela Pereira, C. A. Bernardes, L. Calligaris, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E. M. Gregores, D. S. Lemos, P. G. Mercadante, S. F. Novaes, Sandra S. Padula, A. Aleksandrov, G. Antchev, I. Atanassov, R. Hadjiiska, P. Iaydjiev, M. Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, G. Sultanov, M. Bonchev, A. Dimitrov, T. Ivanov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, A. Petrov, W. Fang, Q. Guo, H. Wang, L. Yuan, M. Ahmad, Z. Hu, Y. Wang, E. Chapon, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Chen, T. Javaid, A. Kapoor, D. Leggat, H. Liao, Z.-A. Liu, R. Sharma, A. Spiezia, J. Tao, J. Thomas-Wilsker, J. Wang, H. Zhang, S. Zhang, J. Zhao, A. Agapitos, Y. Ban, C. Chen, Q. Huang, A. Levin, Q. Li, M. Lu, X. Lyu, Y. Mao, S. J. Qian, D. Wang, Q. Wang, J. Xiao, Z. You, X. Gao, M. Xiao, C. Avila, A. Cabrera, C. Florez, J. Fraga, A. Sarkar, M. A. Segura Delgado, J. Jaramillo, J. Mejia Guisao, F. Ramirez, J. D. Ruiz Alvarez, C. A. Salazar González, N. Vanegas Arbelaez, D. Giljanovic, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, I. Puljak, T. Sculac, Z. Antunovic, M. Kovac, V. Brigljevic, D. Ferencek, D. Majumder, M. Roguljic, A. Starodumov, T. Susa, M. W. Ather, A. Attikis, E. Erodotou, A. Ioannou, G. Kole, M. Kolosova, S. Konstantinou, G. Mavromanolakis, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos, P. A. Razis, H. Rykaczewski, H. Saka, D. Tsiakkouri, M. Finger, A. Kveton, J. Tomsa, E. Ayala, E. Carrera Jarrin, H. Abdalla, Y. Assran, A. Mohamed, M. A. Mahmoud, Y. Mohammed, S. Bhowmik, A. Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira, R. K. Dewanjee, K. Ehataht, M. Kadastik, M. Raidal, C. Veelken, P. Eerola, L. Forthomme, H. Kirschenmann, K. Osterberg, M. Voutilainen, E. Brücken, F. Garcia, J. Havukainen, V. Karimäki, M. S. Kim, R. Kinnunen, T. Lampén, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Laurila, S. Lehti, T. Lindén, H. Siikonen, E. Tuominen, J. Tuominiemi, P. Luukka, T. Tuuva, C. Amendola, M. Besancon, F. Couderc, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, J. L. Faure, F. Ferri, S. Ganjour, A. Givernaud, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, P. Jarry, B. Lenzi, E. Locci, J. Malcles, J. Rander, A. Rosowsky, M.Ö. Sahin, A. Savoy-Navarro, M. Titov, G. B. Yu, S. Ahuja, F. Beaudette, M. Bonanomi, A. Buchot Perraguin, P. Busson, C. Charlot, O. Davignon, B. Diab, G. Falmagne, R. Granier de Cassagnac, A. Hakimi, I. Kucher, A. Lobanov, C. Martin Perez, M. Nguyen, C. Ochando, P. Paganini, J. Rembser, R. Salerno, J. B. Sauvan, Y. Sirois, A. Zabi, A. Zghiche, J.-L. Agram, J. Andrea, D. Bloch, G. Bourgatte, J. -M. Brom, E. C. Chabert, C. Collard, J. -C. Fontaine, D. Gelé, U. Goerlach, C. Grimault, A. -C. Le Bihan, P. Van Hove, E. Asilar, S. Beauceron, C. Bernet, G. Boudoul, C. Camen, A. Carle, N. Chanon, D. Contardo, P. Depasse, H. El Mamouni, J. Fay, S. Gascon, M. Gouzevitch, B. Ille, Sa. Jain, I. B. Laktineh, H. Lattaud, A. Lesauvage, M. Lethuillier, L. Mirabito, L. Torterotot, G. Touquet, M. Vander Donckt, S. Viret, G. Adamov, Z. Tsamalaidze, L. Feld, K. Klein, M. Lipinski, D. Meuser, A. Pauls, M. Preuten, M. P. Rauch, J. Schulz, M. Teroerde, D. Eliseev, M. Erdmann, P. Fackeldey, B. Fischer, S. Ghosh, T. Hebbeker, K. Hoepfner, H. Keller, L. Mastrolorenzo, M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, G. Mocellin, S. Mondal, S. Mukherjee, D. Noll, A. Novak, T. Pook, A. Pozdnyakov, T. Quast, Y. Rath, H. Reithler, J. Roemer, A. Schmidt, S. C. Schuler, A. Sharma, S. Wiedenbeck, S. Zaleski, C. Dziwok, G. Flügge, W. Haj Ahmad, O. Hlushchenko, T. Kress, A. Nowack, C. Pistone, O. Pooth, D. Roy, H. Sert, A. Stahl, T. Ziemons, H. Aarup Petersen, M. Aldaya Martin, P. Asmuss, I. Babounikau, S. Baxter, O. Behnke, A. Bermúdez Martínez, A. A. Bin Anuar, K. Borras, V. Botta, D. Brunner, A. Campbell, A. Cardini, P. Connor, S. Consuegra Rodríguez, V. Danilov, A. De Wit, M. M. Defranchis, L. Didukh, D. Domínguez Damiani, G. Eckerlin, D. Eckstein, T. Eichhorn, L. I. Estevez Banos, E. Gallo, A. Geiser, A. Giraldi, A. Grohsjean, M. Guthoff, A. Harb, A. Jafari, N. Z. Jomhari, H. Jung, A. Kasem, M. Kasemann, H. Kaveh, C. Kleinwort, J. Knolle, D. Krücker, W. Lange, T. Lenz, J. Lidrych, K. Lipka, W. Lohmann, R. Mankel, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann, J. Metwally, A. B. Meyer, M. Meyer, M. Missiroli, J. Mnich, A. Mussgiller, V. Myronenko, Y. Otarid, D. Pérez Adán, S. K. Pflitsch, D. Pitzl, A. Raspereza, A. Saggio, A. Saibel, M. Savitskyi, V. Scheurer, C. Schwanenberger, A. Singh, R. E. Sosa Ricardo, N. Tonon, O. Turkot, A. Vagnerini, M. Van De Klundert, R. Walsh, D. Walter, Y. Wen, K. Wichmann, C. Wissing, S. Wuchterl, O. Zenaiev, R. Zlebcik, R. Aggleton, S. Bein, L. Benato, A. Benecke, K. De Leo, T. Dreyer, A. Ebrahimi, M. Eich, F. Feindt, A. Fröhlich, C. Garbers, E. Garutti, P. Gunnellini, J. Haller, A. Hinzmann, A. Karavdina, G. Kasieczka, R. Klanner, R. Kogler, V. Kutzner, J. Lange, T. Lange, A. Malara, C. E. N. Niemeyer, A. Nigamova, K. J. Pena Rodriguez, O. Rieger, P. Schleper, S. Schumann, J. Schwandt, D. Schwarz, J. Sonneveld, H. Stadie, G. Steinbrück, B. Vormwald, I. Zoi, S. Baur, J. Bechtel, T. Berger, E. Butz, R. Caspart, T. Chwalek, W. De Boer, A. Dierlamm, A. Droll, K. El Morabit, N. Faltermann, K. Flöh, M. Giffels, A. Gottmann, F. Hartmann, C. Heidecker, U. Husemann, M. A. Iqbal, I. Katkov, P. Keicher, R. Koppenhöfer, S. Maier, M. Metzler, S. Mitra, D. Müller, Th. Müller, M. Musich, G. Quast, K. Rabbertz, J. Rauser, D. Savoiu, D. Schäfer, M. Schnepf, M. Schröder, D. Seith, I. Shvetsov, H. J. Simonis, R. Ulrich, M. Wassmer, M. Weber, R. Wolf, S. Wozniewski, G. Anagnostou, P. Asenov, G. Daskalakis, T. Geralis, A. Kyriakis, D. Loukas, G. Paspalaki, A. Stakia, M. Diamantopoulou, D. Karasavvas, G. Karathanasis, P. Kontaxakis, C. K. Koraka, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis, A. Panagiotou, I. Papavergou, N. Saoulidou, K. Theofilatos, K. Vellidis, E. Vourliotis, G. Bakas, K. Kousouris, I. Papakrivopoulos, G. Tsipolitis, A. Zacharopoulou, I. Evangelou, C. Foudas, P. Gianneios, P. Katsoulis, P. Kokkas, S. Mallios, K. Manitara, N. Manthos, I. Papadopoulos, J. Strologas, M. Bartók, R. Chudasama, M. Csanad, M. M. A. Gadallah, S. Lökös, P. Major, K. Mandal, A. Mehta, G. Pasztor, O. Surányi, G. I. Veres, G. Bencze, C. Hajdu, D. Horvath, F. Sikler, V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi, S. Czellar, J. Karancsi, J. Molnar, Z. Szillasi, D. Teyssier, P. Raics, Z. L. Trocsanyi, B. Ujvari, T. Csorgo, F. Nemes, T. Novak, S. Choudhury, J. R. Komaragiri, D. Kumar, L. Panwar, P. C. Tiwari, S. Bahinipati, D. Dash, C. Kar, P. Mal, T. Mishra, V. K. Muraleedharan Nair Bindhu, A. Nayak, D. K. Sahoo, N. Sur, S. K. Swain, S. Bansal, S. B. Beri, V. Bhatnagar, S. Chauhan, N. Dhingra, R. Gupta, A. Kaur, S. Kaur, P. Kumari, M. Meena, K. Sandeep, S. Sharma, J. B. Singh, A. K. Virdi, A. Ahmed, A. Bhardwaj, B. C. Choudhary, R. B. Garg, M. Gola, S. Keshri, A. Kumar, M. Naimuddin, P. Priyanka, K. Ranjan, A. Shah, M. Bharti, R. Bhattacharya, S. Bhattacharya, D. Bhowmik, S. Dutta, B. Gomber, M. Maity, S. Nandan, P. Palit, A. Purohit, P. K. Rout, G. Saha, S. Sarkar, M. Sharan, B. Singh, S. Thakur, P. K. Behera, S. C. Behera, P. Kalbhor, A. Muhammad, R. Pradhan, P. R. Pujahari, A. K. Sikdar, D. Dutta, V. Kumar, K. Naskar, P. K. Netrakanti, L. M. Pant, P. Shukla, T. Aziz, M. A. Bhat, S. Dugad, R. Kumar Verma, G. B. Mohanty, U. Sarkar, S. Banerjee, S. Chatterjee, M. Guchait, S. Karmakar, S. Kumar, G. Majumder, K. Mazumdar, S. Dube, B. Kansal, S. Pandey, A. 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Arcidiacono, S. Argiro, M. Arneodo, N. Bartosik, R. Bellan, A. Bellora, C. Biino, A. Cappati, N. Cartiglia, S. Cometti, M. Costa, R. Covarelli, N. Demaria, B. Kiani, F. Legger, C. Mariotti, S. Maselli, E. Migliore, V. Monaco, E. Monteil, M. Monteno, M. M. Obertino, G. Ortona, L. Pacher, N. Pastrone, M. Pelliccioni, G. L. Pinna Angioni, M. Ruspa, R. Salvatico, F. Siviero, V. Sola, A. Solano, D. Soldi, A. Staiano, D. Trocino, S. Belforte, V. Candelise, M. Casarsa, F. Cossutti, A. Da Rold, G. Della Ricca, F. Vazzoler, S. Dogra, C. Huh, B. Kim, D. H. Kim, G. N. Kim, J. Lee, S. W. Lee, C. S. Moon, Y. D. Oh, S. I. Pak, B. C. Radburn-Smith, S. Sekmen, Y. C. Yang, H. Kim, D. H. Moon, B. Francois, T. J. Kim, J. Park, S. Cho, S. Choi, Y. Go, S. Ha, B. Hong, K. Lee, K. S. Lee, J. Lim, S. K. Park, J. Yoo, J. Goh, A. Gurtu, H. S. Kim, Y. Kim, J. Almond, J. H. Bhyun, J. Choi, S. Jeon, J. Kim, J. S. Kim, S. Ko, H. Kwon, H. Lee, S. Lee, K. Nam, B. H. Oh, M. Oh, S. B. Oh, H. Seo, U. K. Yang, I. 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Demina, J. L. Dulemba, C. Fallon, T. Ferbel, M. Galanti, A. Garcia-Bellido, O. Hindrichs, A. Khukhunaishvili, E. Ranken, R. Taus, B. Chiarito, J. P. Chou, A. Gandrakota, Y. Gershtein, E. Halkiadakis, A. Hart, M. Heindl, E. Hughes, S. Kaplan, O. Karacheban, I. Laflotte, A. Lath, R. Montalvo, K. Nash, M. Osherson, S. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, R. Stone, S. A. Thayil, S. Thomas, H. Acharya, A. G. Delannoy, S. Spanier, O. Bouhali, M. Dalchenko, A. Delgado, R. Eusebi, J. Gilmore, T. Huang, T. Kamon, S. Luo, S. Malhotra, R. Mueller, D. Overton, L. Perniè, D. Rathjens, A. Safonov, J. Sturdy, N. Akchurin, J. Damgov, V. Hegde, S. Kunori, K. Lamichhane, T. Mengke, S. Muthumuni, T. Peltola, S. Undleeb, I. Volobouev, A. Whitbeck, E. Appelt, S. Greene, A. Gurrola, R. Janjam, W. Johns, C. Maguire, A. Melo, H. Ni, K. Padeken, F. Romeo, P. Sheldon, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska, M. Verweij, M. W. Arenton, B. Cox, G. Cummings, J. Hakala, R. Hirosky, M. Joyce, A. Ledovskoy, A. Li, C. Neu, B. Tannenwald, E. Wolfe, F. Xia, P. E. Karchin, N. Poudyal, P. Thapa, K. Black, T. Bose, J. Buchanan, C. Caillol, S. Dasu, I. De Bruyn, P. Everaerts, C. Galloni, H. He, M. Herndon, A. Hervé, U. Hussain, A. Lanaro, A. Loeliger, R. Loveless, J. Madhusudanan Sreekala, A. Mallampalli, D. Pinna, T. Ruggles, A. Savin, V. Shang, W. H. Smith, D. Teague, S. Trembath-Reichert, W. Vetens, and CMS Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract Measurements of the associated production of a W boson and a charm ( $${\text {c}}$$ c ) quark in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 $$\,\text {TeV}$$ TeV are reported. The analysis uses a data sample corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 19.7 $$\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$ fb - 1 collected by the CMS detector at the LHC. The W bosons are identified through their leptonic decays to an electron or a muon, and a neutrino. Charm quark jets are selected using distinctive signatures of charm hadron decays. The product of the cross section and branching fraction $$\sigma (\text {p}\text {p}\rightarrow \text {W}+ {\text {c}}+ \text {X}) {\mathcal {B}}(\text {W}\rightarrow \ell \upnu )$$ σ ( pp → W + c + X ) B ( W → ℓ ν ) , where $$\ell = \text {e}$$ ℓ = e or $$\upmu $$ μ , and the cross section ratio $$\sigma (\text {p}\text {p}\rightarrow {{\text {W}}^{+} + \bar{{\text {c}}} + \text {X}}) / \sigma (\text {p}\text {p}\rightarrow {{\text {W}}^{-} + {\text {c}}+ \text {X}})$$ σ ( pp → W + + c ¯ + X ) / σ ( pp → W - + c + X ) are measured in a fiducial volume and differentially as functions of the pseudorapidity and of the transverse momentum of the lepton from the W boson decay. The results are compared with theoretical predictions. The impact of these measurements on the determination of the strange quark distribution is assessed.
Published: 2022
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42. Detection of astrophysical tau neutrino candidates in IceCube

Author: IceCube Collaboration, R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, A. A. Alves, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. V. Balagopal, A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, C. Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, R. S. Busse, M. A. Campana, C. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, S. Dharani, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, E. Dvorak, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, S. Fiedlschuster, A. T. Fienberg, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, P. Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. Haungs, S. Hauser, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, B. J. P. Jones, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, K. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, C. Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, Y. Li, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, F. McNally, K. Meagher, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Merz, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, R. Naab, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, J. Necker, G. Neer, L. V. Nguyễn, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, E. O’Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, S. Pieper, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, A. Rehman, R. Reimann, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, S. Robertson, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Scharf, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, F. Tischbein, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, J. P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, N. Wandkowsky, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, and Z. Zhang
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract High-energy tau neutrinos are rarely produced in atmospheric cosmic-ray showers or at cosmic particle accelerators, but are expected to emerge during neutrino propagation over cosmic distances due to flavor mixing. When high energy tau neutrinos interact inside the IceCube detector, two spatially separated energy depositions may be resolved, the first from the charged current interaction and the second from the tau lepton decay. We report a novel analysis of 7.5 years of IceCube data that identifies two candidate tau neutrinos among the 60 “High-Energy Starting Events” (HESE) collected during that period. The HESE sample offers high purity, all-sky sensitivity, and distinct observational signatures for each neutrino flavor, enabling a new measurement of the flavor composition. The measured astrophysical neutrino flavor composition is consistent with expectations, and an astrophysical tau neutrino flux is indicated at 2.8 $$\sigma $$ σ significance.
Published: 2022
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43. Intercomparison of airborne and surface-based measurements during the CLARIFY, ORACLES and LASIC field experiments

Author: P. A. Barrett, S. J. Abel, H. Coe, I. Crawford, A. Dobracki, J. Haywood, S. Howell, A. Jones, J. Langridge, G. M. McFarquhar, G. J. Nott, H. Price, J. Redemann, Y. Shinozuka, K. Szpek, J. W. Taylor, R. Wood, H. Wu, P. Zuidema, S. Bauguitte, R. Bennett, K. Bower, H. Chen, S. Cochrane, M. Cotterell, N. Davies, D. Delene, C. Flynn, A. Freedman, S. Freitag, S. Gupta, D. Noone, T. B. Onasch, J. Podolske, M. R. Poellot, S. Schmidt, S. Springston, A. J. Sedlacek III, J. Trembath, A. Vance, M. A. Zawadowicz, and J. Zhang
Subjects: Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract: Data are presented from intercomparisons between two research aircraft, the FAAM BAe-146 and the NASA Lockheed P3, and between the BAe-146 and the surface-based DOE (Department of Energy) ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement) Mobile Facility at Ascension Island (8∘ S, 14.5∘ W; a remote island in the mid-Atlantic). These took place from 17 August to 5 September 2017, during the African biomass burning (BB) season. The primary motivation was to give confidence in the use of data from multiple platforms with which to evaluate numerical climate models. The three platforms were involved in the CLouds–Aerosol–Radiation Interaction and Forcing for Year 2017 (CLARIFY-2017), ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES), and Layered Atlantic Smoke and Interactions with Clouds (LASIC) field experiments. Comparisons from flight segments on 6 d where the BAe-146 flew alongside the ARM facility on Ascension Island are presented, along with comparisons from the wing-tip-to-wing-tip flight of the P3 and BAe-146 on 18 August 2017. The intercomparison flight sampled a relatively clean atmosphere overlying a moderately polluted boundary layer, while the six fly-bys of the ARM site sampled both clean and polluted conditions 2–4 km upwind. We compare and validate characterisations of aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties as well as atmospheric radiation and cloud microphysics between platforms. We assess the performance of measurement instrumentation in the field, under conditions where sampling conditions are not as tightly controlled as in laboratory measurements where calibrations are performed. Solar radiation measurements compared well enough to permit radiative closure studies. Optical absorption coefficient measurements from all three platforms were within uncertainty limits, although absolute magnitudes were too low ( Mm−1) to fully support a comparison of the absorption Ångström exponents. Aerosol optical absorption measurements from airborne platforms were more comparable than aircraft-to-ground observations. Scattering coefficient observations compared adequately between airborne platforms, but agreement with ground-based measurements was worse, potentially caused by small differences in sampling conditions or actual aerosol population differences over land. Chemical composition measurements followed a similar pattern, with better comparisons between the airborne platforms. Thermodynamics, aerosol and cloud microphysical properties generally agreed given uncertainties.
Published: 2022
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44. Cognitive and organizational ergonomics in the transition of the new integrated center of control of an oil refinery: human reliability and administration of changes

Author: Sandro A. Buso, Carolina R. Marcon Passero, Erika Lye Ogasawara, Magda S. E. S. Puquirre, Lucy M. S. Bau, and Marcos Cesar Bianchi
Subjects: Adult, Engineering, Process (engineering), media_common.quotation_subject, Control (management), Poison control, Extraction and Processing Industry, Cognition, Nursing, Humans, Operations management, Quality (business), Workplace, Adaptation (computer science), Human reliability, media_common, business.industry, Communication, Rehabilitation, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Human factors and ergonomics, Organizational Innovation, Organizational structure, Ergonomics, business, Interior Design and Furnishings
Abstract: The conception of a product is closely tied to its adaptation level to the users. In this view, designers are increasingly oriented to survey the needs and features of the users. This paper aims at developing a diagnosis of employees working in high-complexity activities in a petrochemical company, in light of the physical and operating changes in the Integrated Center of Control; assessing the reception sensibility to changes; assessing the cognitive pattern of the group; and making suggestions that might eliminate or minimize the difficulties in the transition process of the change, in order to reduce the adaptation period. The field of study comprised 111 production, transfer and storage operators, forming 5 groups of desktop activities. The stages of the study followed the following flow: survey of the prescribed tasks and organizational structure; Concentrated Attention test; application of the Work and Disease Risks Inventory (ITRA, Portuguese acronym); and structured psychological interview. The ITRA results pointed to a serious cognitive cost (3.83) for all five groups, this being the largest intervention focus. The items: division of task contents (3.52), social professional relationships (2.93), quality of the physical environment (2.91), physical cost (3.24), emotional cost (2.71), freedom of expression (3.77), professional fulfillment (3.41); experience and suffering (2.75), lack of recognition (2.18) and physical injuries (2.07) were considered critical. Meanwhile, social damages (1.64) and psychological injuries (1.35) are bearable. As to the Concentrated Attention test, most workers registered average level. In the individual interviews, workers showed that larger involvement in the process of physical, organizational and operational change in the desktops and on field works was required, as well as the follow up of implementations, so as to reduce the adaptation process and prevent rework (furniture, equipment, noise, form of communication with the area and training for the changes). As a result of the findings handed to the management and returned to the workers, several actions were implemented on ergonomic non-conformities found in the analysis. It is possible to prove the importance of the insertion of cognitive and organizational ergonomics in the building projects of new facilities for high-complexity activities in petrochemical plants.
Published: 2012
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45. Pathogenese des Morbus Paget

Author: K. Blume, G. Baron, Franz Jakob, S. Bau, Lothar Seefried, and Regina Ebert
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Medicine, General Medicine, business
Abstract: ZusammenfassungDer Morbus Paget des Knochens (Osteoitis deformans) ist gekennzeichnet durch einen fokal gesteigerten Knochenumbau mit initial vermehrter Resorption und reaktiv gesteigerter Neubildung von unzureichend strukturiertem Knochen. Die Erkrankung betrifft eine oder mehrere Stellen des gesamten Skeletts. Hinsichtlich der Pathogenese der Erkrankung kommt nach heutiger Kenntnis insbesondere genetischen Faktoren ein zentrale Rolle zu. Die bisher bei M. Paget und verwandten syndromalen Erkrankungen identifizierten Mutationen betreffen dabei unterschiedliche Gene (u. a. SQSTM-1/p62, VCP/p97, RANK, OPG),die jedoch ganz überwiegend mit dem RANKRezeptor assoziierten NFκB-Signalweg in Verbindung gebracht werden können. Geografische Unterschiede und eine zeitliche Dynamik der Inzidenzraten deuten darüber hinaus auf einen relevanten Einfluss von Umwelfaktoren hin. Neben mechanischen und chemischen Noxen wird in diesem Kontext insbesondere die Bedeutung einer chronischen Infektion mit Paramyxoviren kontrovers diskutiert. Zusammenfassend ist nach heutigem Kenntnisstand davon auszugehen, dass bestimmte genetische Veränderungen mit Bedeutung für das Remodeling des Knochens die Suszeptibilität für die Erkrankung erhöhen, während äußere Einflussfaktoren als Trigger für die klinische Manifestation anzusehen sind.
Published: 2011
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46. The ozone–climate penalty over South America and Africa by 2100

Author: F. Brown, G. A. Folberth, S. Sitch, S. Bauer, M. Bauters, P. Boeckx, A. W. Cheesman, M. Deushi, I. Dos Santos Vieira, C. Galy-Lacaux, J. Haywood, J. Keeble, L. M. Mercado, F. M. O'Connor, N. Oshima, K. Tsigaridis, and H. Verbeeck
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Climate change has the potential to increase surface ozone (O3) concentrations, known as the “ozone–climate penalty”, through changes to atmospheric chemistry, transport and dry deposition. In the tropics, the response of surface O3 to changing climate is relatively understudied but has important consequences for air pollution and human and ecosystem health. In this study, we evaluate the change in surface O3 due to climate change over South America and Africa using three state-of-the-art Earth system models that follow the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 3-7.0 emission scenario from CMIP6. In order to quantify changes due to climate change alone, we evaluate the difference between simulations including climate change and simulations with a fixed present-day climate. We find that by 2100, models predict an ozone–climate penalty in areas where O3 is already predicted to be high due to the impacts of precursor emissions, namely urban and biomass burning areas, although on average, models predict a decrease in surface O3 due to climate change. We identify a small but robust positive trend in annual mean surface O3 over polluted areas. Additionally, during biomass burning seasons, seasonal mean O3 concentrations increase by 15 ppb (model range 12 to 18 ppb) in areas with substantial biomass burning such as the arc of deforestation in the Amazon. The ozone–climate penalty in polluted areas is shown to be driven by an increased rate of O3 chemical production, which is strongly influenced by NOx concentrations and is therefore specific to the emission pathway chosen. Multiple linear regression finds the change in NOx concentration to be a strong predictor of the change in O3 production, whereas increased isoprene emission rate is positively correlated with increased O3 destruction, suggesting NOx-limited conditions over the majority of tropical Africa and South America. However, models disagree on the role of climate change in remote, low-NOx regions, partly because of significant differences in NOx concentrations produced by each model. We also find that the magnitude and location of the ozone–climate penalty in the Congo Basin has greater inter-model variation than that in the Amazon, so further model development and validation are needed to constrain the response in central Africa. We conclude that if the climate were to change according to the emission scenario used here, models predict that forested areas in biomass burning locations and urban populations will be at increasing risk of high O3 exposure, irrespective of any direct impacts on O3 via the prescribed emission scenario.
Published: 2022
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47. Low energy event reconstruction in IceCube DeepCore

Author: R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, J. M. Alameddine, A. A. Alves, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, S. Benda, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, M. Boddenberg, F. Bontempo, J. Y. Book, J. Borowka, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, B. Brinson, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, R. T. Burley, R. S. Busse, M. A. Campana, E. G. Carnie-Bronca, C. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, K. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, C. Dappen, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, D. Delgado López, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. De Young, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, M. Dittmer, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, K. L. Fan, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, S. Fiedlschuster, A. T. Fienberg, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, P. Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Glaser, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, N. Goehlke, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, S. Griswold, C. Günther, P. Gutjahr, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. A. Harnisch, A. Haungs, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, F. Henningsen, E. C. Hettinger, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, K. Hoshina, W. Hou, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, K. Hymon, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, M. Jin, B. J. P. Jones, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, L. Kardum, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, K. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, A. Kochocki, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, E. Krupczak, E. Kun, N. Kurahashi, N. Lad, C. Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, J. W. Lee, K. Leonard, A. Leszczynska, Y. Li, M. Lincetto, Q. R. Liu, M. Liubarska, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, S. Mancina, I. C. Maris, I. Martinez-Soler, R. Maruyama, S. McCarthy, T. McElroy, F. McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, S. Mechbal, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, T. Mukherjee, R. Naab, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, J. Necker, L. V. Nguyễn, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, B. Oeyen, A. Olivas, E. O’Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, L. Peters, J. Peterson, S. Philippen, S. Pieper, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, Z. Rechav, A. Rehman, P. Reichherzer, R. Reimann, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, J. Saffer, P. Sampathkumar, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, G. Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, A. Sharma, S. Shefali, N. Shimizu, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, C. Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter-Antonyan, J. Thwaites, S. Tilav, F. Tischbein, K. Tollefson, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, J. P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, J. Veitch-Michaelis, S. Verpoest, C. Walck, W. Wang, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, N. Willey, D. R. Williams, M. Wolf, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, J. P. Yanez, E. Yildizci, S. Yoshida, S. Yu, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, and IceCube Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The reconstruction of event-level information, such as the direction or energy of a neutrino interacting in IceCube DeepCore, is a crucial ingredient to many physics analyses. Algorithms to extract this high level information from the detector’s raw data have been successfully developed and used for high energy events. In this work, we address unique challenges associated with the reconstruction of lower energy events in the range of a few to hundreds of GeV and present two separate, state-of-the-art algorithms. One algorithm focuses on the fast directional reconstruction of events based on unscattered light. The second algorithm is a likelihood-based multipurpose reconstruction offering superior resolutions, at the expense of larger computational cost.
Published: 2022
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48. The Landscape Fire Scars Database: mapping historical burned area and fire severity in Chile

Author: A. Miranda, R. Mentler, Í. Moletto-Lobos, G. Alfaro, L. Aliaga, D. Balbontín, M. Barraza, S. Baumbach, P. Calderón, F. Cárdenas, I. Castillo, G. Contreras, F. de la Barra, M. Galleguillos, M. E. González, C. Hormazábal, A. Lara, I. Mancilla, F. Muñoz, C. Oyarce, F. Pantoja, R. Ramírez, and V. Urrutia
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Achieving a local understanding of fire regimes requires high-resolution, systematic and dynamic databases. High-quality information can help to transform evidence into decision-making in the context of rapidly changing landscapes, particularly considering that geographical and temporal patterns of fire regimes and their trends vary locally over time. Global fire scar products at low spatial resolutions are available, but high-resolution wildfire data, especially for developing countries, are still lacking. Taking advantage of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) big-data analysis platform, we developed a flexible workflow to reconstruct individual burned areas and derive fire severity estimates for all reported fires. We tested our approach for historical wildfires in Chile. The result is the Landscape Fire Scars Database, a detailed and dynamic database that reconstructs 8153 fires scars, representing 66.6 % of the country's officially recorded fires between 1985 and 2018. For each fire event, the database contains the following information: (i) the Landsat mosaic of pre- and post-fire images; (ii) the fire scar in binary format; (iii) the remotely sensed estimated fire indexes (the normalized burned ratio, NBR, and the relative delta normalized burn ratio, RdNBR); and two vector files indicating (iv) the fire scar perimeter and (v) the fire scar severity reclassification, respectively. The Landscape Fire Scars Database for Chile and GEE script (JavaScript) are publicly available. The framework developed for the database can be applied anywhere in the world, with the only requirement being its adaptation to local factors such as data availability, fire regimes, land cover or land cover dynamics, vegetation recovery, and cloud cover. The Landscape Fire Scars Database for Chile is publicly available in https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.941127 (Miranda et al., 2022).
Published: 2022
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49. Cumulative life course adversity, mental health, and cognition in the UK biobank

Author: M. Künzi, D. A. Gheorghe, M. Kliegel, N. Ballhausen, J. Gallacher, and S. Bauermeister
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract The association between adversity and cognition varies according to the specific adversity, when the adversity was experienced, and the cognitive domains investigated. Disentangling the effect of adversity and the underlying mechanistic pathway is therefore difficult. The association between adversity (i.e., maltreatment) accumulated over the life course and cognitive flexibility, as well as two potential mediators (i.e., intra-individual variability in reaction time and depression) of this association, were investigated. Data stem from the baseline population of the UK Biobank study (N = 73,489, Mdn age = 56, SD age = 7.628, 55.740% of women). Cumulative life course adversity (specifically maltreatment) was measured with items based on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTS-5) and items adapted from the British Crime Survey. Depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Intra-individual variability in reaction time was measured with a reaction time test “snap game” and the Trail Making Test A and B were used as a measure of cognitive flexibility. A path analysis was performed on these data. Higher cumulative adverse experiences were associated with lower performance in cognitive flexibility (β = .016, p
Published: 2022
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50. Early macrophage response to obesity encompasses Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 regulated mitochondrial architecture remodelling

Author: L. Orliaguet, T. Ejlalmanesh, A. Humbert, R. Ballaire, M. Diedisheim, J. B. Julla, D. Chokr, J. Cuenco, J. Michieletto, J. Charbit, D. Lindén, J. Boucher, C. Potier, A. Hamimi, S. Lemoine, C. Blugeon, P. Legoix, S. Lameiras, L. G. Baudrin, S. Baulande, A. Soprani, F. A. Castelli, F. Fenaille, J. P. Riveline, E. Dalmas, J. Rieusset, J. F. Gautier, N. Venteclef, and F. Alzaid
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 levels have been shown to increase in adipose tissue macrophages in diet-induced obesity. Here authors show that IRF5 transcriptionally represses the Growth Hormone Inducible Transmembrane Protein gene encoding a mitochondrial protein important for oxidative respiration in macrophages, thus driving the detrimental metabolic changes observed in obesity.
Published: 2022
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