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Acute peritonitis (AP) is among the most frequent and severe conditions in pediatric abdominal surgery. Due to development of antibiotic resistance and increasing number of atypical infectious and inflammatory diseases (IIDs), a lot of specialists suggest combined treatments for these patients which should include not only surgical and etiotropic approaches, as well as therapy aimed at correction of functional defects of immunity. Neutrophilic granulocytes (NGs) reepresent a unique population of cells of primary anti-infectious immune response. Functional NG defects in pediatric AP play a leading role in development, prevalence, severity of peritoneal inflammation, and response to the therapy. Special role is given to functionally significant NG subsets responsible for triggering and implementation of phagocytosis and microbicidal properties of NG in purulent lesions and inflammatory process in children. There is an urgent need for development of new approaches to targeted immunomodulatory therapy in order to correct the NG dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to arrange the programs of immunomodulatory therapy after surgical treatment of immunocompromised children with various forms of acute peritonitis followed by subsequent evaluation of its clinical and immunological efficacy. The study included 12 immunocompromised children aged 5-12 years with different clinical course of acute peritonitis. The study group 1 included patients with local nonrestricted AP; study group 2 involved children with diffuse AP. The comparison groups consisted of 6 children who received standard therapy, i.e., clinical comparison groups 1 and 2, matched for sex, age and diagnosis. A control group consisted of 18 conditionally healthy children at similar age. Clinical examination included collection of the patient’s history, complaints, objective examination and clinical course assessment of the underlying disease. Immunological study included determination of receptor, phagocytic and microbicidal activity of NCs; assessment of NC subpopulations by their numbers and phenotype using flow cytometry, i.e., the cells co-expressing CD64, CD16, CD32, CD11b, with testing density of these membrane receptors by the MFI approach. Targeted immunomodulatory therapy programs were applied for treatment of children with unrestricted local and diffuse AP, taking into account clinical features of AP, as well as changes in number and phenotype of NC subpopulations, and impairment of their effector function. The standards of postsurgical treatment in the children with various forms of AP included different courses of treatment with Imunofan (Hexapeptide – arginyl-alpha-aspartyl-lysyl-valyl-tyrosyl-arginine; HP) using different schedules and duration. We have shown high clinical and immunological efficiency of these therapeutic programs. Thus, reversal of adequate NG functioning was observed, including positive rearrangements of negatively transformed functional NG subpopulations. In this respect, a positive clinical effect was noted in children with atypical AP with various clinical courses, i.e., absence of postsurgical complications, rapid regression of intoxication signs, normalization of body temperature, reduced volume of antibiotic therapy and shorter hospitalization terms.

The object of the research is thermal spray process for the formation of metal coating from bronze powder in plasma-fuel variant, using direct current (DC) electric arc plasma torch, on steel samples. The aim of the work was to investigate and develop the technology for plasma-fuel spraying of functional coatings (for wear-resistant and antimicrobial applications) on machine-building and medical purpose pieces with increased process capacity and moderate energy consumptions in a comparison with conventional thermal spray technologies with use of inert and oxygen-free gas media. During the study, using experimental and thermodynamic estimation methods, the thermal and chemical parameters of the process under the spraying conditions at ambient pressure were characterized, which made it possible to determine the area of preferred regimes of the developed technology. On the modernized testing unit for plasma spraying of metal powders with power of up to 40 kW, operating using a controlled combination of three types of gases – technical nitrogen and propane-butane (LPG) with compressed air, the measurement and optimization of the operating and constructive/assembling parameters of the system for aluminum bronze coating spraying were established. In this case, the experiments were carried out using the designed fuel intensifier, which is joined with the PP-25 arc plasma torch, as well as additional technological equipment (protective shroud). For samples of the resulting coatings with a thickness of 100 to 450 mm from the bronze material, testing of phase composition and some parameters of the resulting coatings on steel products was carried out. Operating capacity of the proposed process reaches 7–15 kg/h for bronze powder when using a moderate power of the torch – up to 35–40 kW and a limited flow rate of hydrocarbon gas (for example, LPG of the SPBT grade) – 0.1–0.35 kg/h. Analysis of the energy efficiency parameters of the developed technology, as well as its calculated technical characteristics, in a comparison with plasma and combined equipment of a similar purpose, showed that it has an advantage in terms of target indicators, in particular, in terms of energy consumption and total energy efficiency of the spraying unit, not less than 20–30 %. This makes it to proceed later to the stage of application of this technology into production based on a new process for the metal coating formation, in particular with antimicrobial properties, with improved energy efficiency of the process.

The article presents a review of current and alternative methods for planning the scope and financing of medical care in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the issue is due to the imperfection of the current planning model, which stimulate representatives of the profile bodies and independent experts to develop alternative methods. The current approaches and legal documents regulating the procedure for distributing the scope of medical care and financial resources to pay for this care are discribed. The analysis of alternative methods shows how different demographic and infrastructural features of regions can be used to redistribute the scope of medical care and the corresponding financial support.

X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy have been used to study mechanochemically synthesized Al/10 wt % Cu9Al4 and Al/20 wt % Cu9Al4 composites and sintered materials based on them. As a modifiers, powders of the mechanosynthesized nanostructured Cu9Al4 intermetallic compound were used. It has been shown that the composite structure with the uniform distribution of the Cu9Al4 particles in the aluminum matrix is formed during mechanical activation even for 1 min. In the course of mechanical activation of the powder mixtures of Al with 10 and 20 wt % Cu9Al4 the size of intermetallic crystallites grows by 2.3–3 times to 7 and 9 nm, respectively. After spark plasma sintering of the Al/Сu9Al4 composites, the uniform distribution of reinforcing particles retains for their content up to 20 wt %. The hardness of sintered composites is 60–77 HV, which is ~2 times higher than the hardness of aluminum without additives of the strengthening phase.

The mechanochemically synthesized Cu–20 wt % Al alloys are studied by the X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that, after 20 min of mechanical activation, the single-phase intermetallic compound Cu9Al4 with crystallites ~3 nm in size, low microstrains (~0.03%), and particle size in the range from 0.2–0.4 to 2–4 μm is formed. The morphological characteristics of the solid solution of aluminum in copper, which has been mechanochemically synthesized from the Cu–10 wt % Al alloy, are studied. It is demonstrated that the solid solution is composed of platelike particles 10–50 μm in planar size and 2–10 μm in thickness. The scanning electron and optical microscopy data show that the Cu(Al) solid solution produced by the spark plasma sintering at 700°С are characterized by the low residual porosity (

Differential scanning calorimetry is used to study the effect doses of electron irradiation on the structural state of composite materials synthesized from mechanochemically obtained precursors of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and boron carbide В4С. Powdered composite precursors are hot-pressed to prepare the plates for electron-beam irradiation experiments. Specimens were irradiated at RT conditions using the U-10 2 MeV electron accelerator at the Baikov Institute’s radiation facility. The composites were investigated by means of DSC method to determine polymer crystallinity and intra-chain cooperative effects on melting. Changes in the structural and morphological characteristics of composite samples have been examined via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and FTIR spectroscopy investigations. Analysis of the data shows that the studied composite material is resistant to electron irradiation fluences of up to 8 × 1014 cm–2.

Children with clinical signs of immunocompromise have impaired functioning of the immune system. At the same time, the state of subpopulations of multifunctional neutrophil granulocytes (NG), which provide antiviral and antibacterial protection, in such patients has been poorly studied. Objective of the study: to assess the features of the transformation of the phenotype of the three most significant subpopulations of NG, their association with impaired phagocytic and microbicidal activity in immunocompromised children with atypical viral-viral co-infections and bacterial infections, and to clarify their differential diagnostic significance. Materials and methods of research: the phenotypes of NG subpopulations expressing CD64, CD32, CD16, CD11b receptors, phagocytic and microbicidal activity of NG were studied in the peripheral blood of 43 immunocompromised children of both sexes aged of 5–9 years old suffering from recurrent ARVI, atypical chronic mono – or mixed herpes virus infections (HVI) and purulent bacterial infection. 3 study groups were formed: 1st – repeated ARVI/HVI mono, 2nd – repeated ARVI/HVI mixed, 3rd – minor purulent infection (MPI) and a comparison group (20 apparently healthy children). Results: different differentiated transformation of the phenotype of functionally significant subpopulations of NG associated with impaired functional activity of NG as well as with the incidence of viral co-infections (repeated ARVI and recurrent HVI mixed) and the severity of clinical manifestations of MPI has been identified in the studied groups. Conclusion. Еvaluation of the features of transformation of phenotype of NG subpopulations, their effector functions in immunocompromised children with atypical viral-viral co-infections and purulent bacterial infections, will allow in the future to optimize the methods of target immunotherapy aimed at remodulating the negatively transformed phenotype of NG subpopulations, correcting their dysfunctions and, thereby, significantly increase the clinical effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures.

X-ray diffraction analysis is used to study the mechanochemical formation of a solid solution in the Cu–10 wt % Al system. The formation of the solid solution is shown to occur via the formation of the CuAl2 and Cu9Al4 intermetallic compounds, which, in the course of mechanical activation, react with residual copper to form the Cu(Al), solid solution of aluminum in copper. Under the conditions of mechanical activation in a high-energy planetary ball mill, the two-phase product of the mechanochemical synthesis, namely, 90 wt % Cu(Al) + 10 wt % Cu9Al4 forms is formed. It is shown that the maximum reached Al concentration in the solid solution is 7.4 wt %. The microstresses of the solid solution are ~1%; the crystallite size reaches 35–40 nm.

Numerous studies over last decade have shown that functional capacity of neutrophil granulocytes (NG) determines the course and outcome of many diseases. Identification of phenotypic variants of functionally significant NG subpopulations is a new approach allows us to assess the adequacy or deficiency of NG involvement into infectious inflammation processes at molecular level. An opportunity of reorienting a deficient NG subpopulational phenotype in purulent inflammatory diseases due to the rearrangement of the receptor set induced by various immunotropic substances may serve as a key to recovery of normal NG functioning. Our aim was to study the effect of glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide (GMDP) under in vitro conditions upon the phenotypic profile of four functionally significant subpopulations, i.e., CD62L + CD63 - NG, CD62L + CD63 + NG and CD64 - CD32 + CD16 + CD11b + NG, CD64 + CD32 + CD16 + CD11b + NG, along with assessment of expression density of appropriate membrane molecules and NG microbicidal activity in the children with purulent inflammatory diseases. 90 samples of peripheral blood (PC) were taken from children 2 to 4 years old, including 12 children with minor purulent infection (MPI), and 7 children were studied as conditionally healthy controls. Their peripheral blood was incubated for 60 minutes at 37 °C with GMP (10 -6 g/l). Using flow cytometry technique, the relative numbers of some NG subpopulations, i.e., CD64 - CD16 + CD32 + CD11b + NG, CD64 + CD16 + CD32 + CD11b + NG, CD62L + CD63 - NG, CD62L + CD63 + NG were evaluated, and the phenotype features of each subpopulation were investigated according to the density of appropriate membrane molecule expression (MFI). In parallel, phagocytic and microbicidal activity of NG was tested in these study groups. The obtained data indicate for presence of for distinct NG subpopulations, both in healthy children and in children with MPI. We have revealed phenotypic transformation of the four studied NG subpopulations from MPI patients including disturbed phagocytic and microbicidal functions of the cells. Using of this in vitro system, we have shown that the transformed phenotype of the four functionally significant NG subpopulations of MPI patients was re-arranged under GMDP treatment. At the same time, the number of CD62L + CD63 + NG and CD64 - CD32 + CD16 + CD11b + NG subpopulations was increased, along with decreased amounts of CD64 + CD32 + CD16 + CD11b + NG and CD62L + CD63 - NG subpopulations, being accompanied by restoration of microbicidal activity of NGs. The obtained data allow us to accomplish current understanding of immunotropic effects of GMDP, and to extend the potential scope of its experimental and clinical application. The new data on GMDP effects revealed by in vitro system, i.e. phenotype rearrangement of functionally significant NG subpopulations CD64 - CD16 + CD32 + CD11b + , CD64 + CD16 + CD32 + CD11b + , CD62L + CD63 - , CD62L + CD63 + in atypical purulent inflammatory diseases in children, may be used in the future in order to develop innovative strategies of immunotherapy aiming for correction of NG dysfunction in children with MPI.

Silumins are promising antifriction alloys for the manufacture of friction units. They have a low density, high wear and corrosion resistance. However, they own low hardness and strength, which leads to the need to develop modifying and strengthening additives. Aluminosilicates have a density close to silumin and can be used for its strengthening, but they are characterized by low wettability by metals. To improve wettability, it is necessary to modify the aluminosilicates with metals. The aim of this work is to study the mechanochemical synthesis of aluminosilicate/Nickel composites and modification of silumin using them. Structural changes in powder mixtures of natural aluminosilicates with Nickel during high-energy mechanical processing in a planetary ball mill, as well as in alloys of the composition silumin + potassium fluoroborate and silumin + potassium fluoroborate + aluminosilicate/Nickel obtained by hot pressing of mechanoactivated powders, were studied using Fourier-infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. It is shown that mechanical activation of a mixture of silumin + potassium fluoroborate powders leads to a redistribution of silicon during sintering with the formation of large primary silicon crystals and a decrease in micro hardness by ~ 20 %. Mechanical activation of aluminosilicates with Nickel leads to the formation of composite powders with the removal of OH groups and the formation of SiO2 framework structures. The use of such a modifier during sintering of the silumin alloy leads to the formation of a homogeneous fine structure of the alloy with the grinding of eutectic and primary silicon grains, which increases the micro hardness of the alloy by 1.5 times.

Relevance. Neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) are the first cells of the immune system to migrate to the tumor and are actively involved in the implementation of a full-fledged antitumor response through the mechanisms of direct killing of tumor cells, extracellular lysis (NET), and through the activation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), inhibition of angiogenesis, initiation of other cells with antitumor activity. The aim of the study was to study the effect of cytokines IFN, IFN, G-CSF on the CD62L+CD63- and CD62L+CD63+ subsets and the microbicidal activity of NGs in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro. Materials and methods. We studied samples of peripheral blood (PB) of 10 patients of both sexes 38-70 years old with newly diagnosed untreated CRC stage II-III (study group) and 10 healthy volunteers (comparison group). The subsets CD62L+CD63+ NG, CD62L+CD63- NG were assessed by flow cytometry (CYTOMICS FC500, Beckman Coulter, USA), the microbicidal functions of NG were tested by cytochemical methods: activity of NADPH - oxidases, myeloperoxidase (MP), level of cationic protein (CP) in spontaneous tests and under additional stress of S. aureus . The effect of IFN, IFN, G-CSF cytokines on subsets and the microbicidal activity of NG in vitro was studied in both study groups. Microsoft Exel 2016 and StatPlus 2010 were used for statistical processing of the obtained data using nonparametric tests: Me (Q1; Q3), Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon test . Results . The features of transformation of CD62L+ CD63-NG and CD62L+ CD63+ NG subsets of PB in CRC have been established, that allows to get an idea of the NG ability to roll and readiness to activate the microbicidal arsenal, various defects of spontaneous and induced microbicidal activity of oxygendependent and oxygen-independent mechanisms of NG. The effects of cytokine influence on NG in CRC in vitro have been shown, which indicates the possibility of regulating the receptor and microbicidal functions of NG, and, on the other hand, suggests defects in NG perception of regulatory stimuli, that is confirmed by the progression of tumor growth.

Defects in the functioning of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) are accompanied by various purulent-inflammatory diseases that have a persistent-relapsing course. The bactericidal activity of NG, the processes of intracellular and extracellular killing of bacteria, is directly dependent on their phenotypic features: the expression level of functionally significant membrane receptors CD64, CD16, CD32, CD11b triggering effector processes. It was shown that there are subsets of NG with different phenotypic characteristics and the course and outcome of infectious and inflammatory diseases directly depends on their usefulness. Despite the large amount of accumulated information, the question of the transformation of NG subpopulations phenotype during NG response formation in children with local purulent processes of soft tissues - a small purulent infection (SPI) remains poorly understood. Purpose: to evaluate the local and systemic effector function of neutrophilic granulocytes (phagocytosis, NET formation) with clarification of the phenotype of functionally significant CD64-CD16+CD32+CD11b+, CD64+CD16+CD32+CD11b+ and CD64-CD16+CD32-CD11b+ NG subpopulations in peripheral blood (PB) in children with SPI. Materials and methods. We evaluated the phagocytic function of NG in 60 PB samples of children 5-9 years old, on the 2-3rd day of acute purulent process, before surgery, in smears - prints taken from the local focus of purulent inflammation and 17 PB samples of conditionally healthy children. Also the ability to form NET was additionally determined in smears-prints in children with SPI. In parallel, in PB we evaluated:% NG simultaneously carrying CD64, CD16, CD32, CD11b receptors and their expression density (MFI) by flow cytometry (CYTOMICS FC500, Beckman Coulter, USA). Statistical data processing was performed in the Microsoft Exel 2016 and Stat Plus 2010 software packages. Nonparametric criteria were used: median (Me) and interquartile range (Q1; Q3), Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon test. Results . We found a significant increase in the content of the NG subpopulation with a negatively transformed phenotype CD64-CD16+CD32-CD11b+ with defects in the expression of CD64 and CD32 receptors, which is the cause of inadequate inclusion of NG in inflammatory processes, disruption of phagocytic activity at the systemic and local levels and the occurrence of SPI in children. The formation of NET in the first stage is necessary to supplement the effector function of NG in order to compensate for disorders of phagocytosis.

Aim. The evaluation of absolute and relative difference in the growth of standard rates and financing of medical help based on the calculation for Program on State Guarantees to Deliver Free Medical Care to the Citizens of the Russian Federation (PSG) by the parameters approved by the Decree of the Government for 2019 and 2020.Materials and methods. The evaluation was performed by the methods of mathematic modeling. Mathematic modeling of the calculation of the volumes of medical help (MH) and financial costs in the subjects of the RF was based on the Decrees of the Government for 2019 and 2020 and the method of calculation of the standard rates specified in the Letter on the economic grounds for territorial PSG. Modeling for each region was used to compare the absolute and relative difference in the growth of standard rates for the obtained values in the absolute and relative expression of the calculated planned parameters of PSG for 2019 and 2020 according to the described method in terms of types, conditions, and profiles of medical help.Results. It was revealed that the existing standard rates for financial costs did not provide a uniform growth of costs by all the conditions and types of MH. The growth of financing by types and conditions varied from 1.43 to 9.59% of the 2019 baseline in the RF. Certain “specialized” (profile) standard rates within the conditions of MH showed a significant growth at a slower growth of financing of the rest of MH types (3.86% for all-day inpatient service and -0.6% (decrease in financing) for day-time inpatient service). The calculation of the model for the subjects of the RF showed even greater fluctuations: from –0.11% to –3.03% for day-time inpatient service and from 1.35% to 7.27% for all-day inpatients service.Conclusion. Despite the annual growth of the financing of PSG, redistribution of the budget within the conditions of medical service provision is uneven. This situation provides background for the improvement of the mechanisms of planning of MH within PSG using obligatory modeling and balanced standard rates for the subjects of the RF.

Regularities of the electrooxidation of sulfite ions in an alkaline medium (рН ≥ 8; LiClO4, KNO3, Na2SO4, NaOH) on a composite carbon-containing electrode modified by submicron (300 nm or smaller) gold particles are studied using cyclic voltammetry. The electrocatalytic nature of the analytical signal is substantiated; a scheme of the oxidation process is proposed. A procedure for the preliminary electrochemical treatment of the modified electrode, ensuring an increase in the substrate oxidation current and consisting in the anodic polarization of the electrode in the potential range 0.9–1.4 V (Ag/AgCl reference electrode) in a supporting electrolyte is optimized. The essence of activation is an increase in the surface area of gold particles participating in the catalytic generation/reduction cycle of gold (hydr)oxides and providing an increase in the value of the analytical signal. The proposed approach ensures a significant increase of the sensitivity of the voltammetric method for determining sulfite ions. The concentration dependence of the analytical signal is linear in the concentration range of $${\text{SO}}_{3}^{{2 - }}$$ -ions 1 × 10–7–2 × 10–4 М (limit of detection 5.5 × 10–8 M). The results of the determination of sulfite ions in wines, beer, and juices indicate a higher accuracy of the voltammetric method compared to the standard iodometric procedure.

The products of mechanochemical synthesis in the Cu–20% Sn system at various stages of mechanical treatment were studied by X-ray diffraction, micro X-ray spectral analysis, and electron microscopy in backscattered electrons. At the initial stage (40 s), an intermetallic compound Cu6.26Sn5 is formed, the formation of a solid solution of tin in copper begins with an increase in the processing time, and after 20 min of treatment, a solid solution Cu(Sn) with nanoscale crystallites becomes the only product of synthesis. The products of mechanochemical synthesis of the Cu–20% Sn system were consolidated by electrocontact sintering. Sintering of mechanocomposites after treatment up to 8 min occurs by the liquid-phase mechanism. The coatings formed during sintering have a small number of pores, microhardness of 1460 MPa, and low wear intensity under dry friction (0.0049 mg/m). Electrocontact sintering of mechanocomposites with the structure of a solid solution Cu(Sn) formed after 20 min of mechanical treatment passes through the mechanism of solid-phase sintering and ends with formation of a homogeneous alloy Cu(Sn) with a significant number of discontinuities. The coating is characterized by high microhardness (2350 MPa) and increased wear intensity (0.087 mg/m). Combining precursors obtained by mechanical treatment for 40 s and 20 min in a ratio of 40 : 60 (wt %) allowed forming a coating with a high microhardness, low wear intensity, and low friction coefficient by the method of electrocontact sintering.

The level of contamination of poultry fodder raw material, which includes 30% of corn, 55% of wheat, 5% of oats, 5% of barley and 5% of sunflower meal, by heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper) in the zone of intensive farming of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine is shown. The impact of silicon and mineral extract on the intensity of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper) accumulation in the edible parts of poultry, namely in the red and white meat, liver and skin is studied. It has been revealed that there is an excess of MAC in cadmium by 2.1 times in the fodder wheat and by 3.0 times in the sunflower meal (Medical and Biological Requirements 5061-89) in the zone of intensive farming of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. The replacement of 10% of water with siliconand mineral water extract in the poultry diet under their keeping at households contributes to increase the removal of lead from their bodies by 27.4 %, cadmium – by 30.2%, zinc – by 20%, and copper – by 16.3%. We determined that the use of silicon and mineral water extract in the poultry diet reduced the concentration of lead by 1.6 times in the liver, by 1.1 times in the white meat and by 1.02 times in the red meat; it reduced the concentration of cadmium by 1.2, 1.6, and 1.2 times; reduced the concentration of zinc by 1.3, 1.05, and 1.8 times; the concentration of copper by 1.3, 1.3, and 1.4 times, respectively. Key words: cadmium, copper, heavy metals, lead,poultry, zinc. References Awad, W.A., Bohm, J., Razzazi-Fazeli, E., Zentek, J. (2006). Effects of feeding deoxynivalenol contaminated wheat on growth performance, organ weights and histological parameters of the intestine of broiler chickens. Anim. Nutr. Anim. Physiol, 90, 32–37. 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The research has shown that the functional state of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) is determined by the state of NG subpopulation phenotype composition in evaluating the simultaneous expression of CD16, CD32, CD11b membrane markers with considering the density of expressed molecules. The change in NG subpopulations phenotype indicates active or defective inclusion of NG in the immune response in inflammation. Various inducers of endo- and exogenous nature activate NG and promote translocation from cytoplasmic granules and vesicles or expression to the surface cytoplasmic membrane of receptor molecules. In this regard, our interest was in studying the expression peculiarities of CD16, CD32, CD11b NG receptors in patients with atypically occurring bacterial infections (chronic sinusitis) and the possibility of remodeling the NG phenotype under the influence of glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (GMDP) and IFNγ in vitro. Subjects of this study were blood samples of patients with chronic sinusitis and conditionally healthy individuals. Flow rate cytometry at CYTOMICS FC500 (Beckman Coulter, USA) was used to evaluate the % NGs expressing CD16, CD32, CD11b, and the fluorescence intensity of these molecules (MFI) before and after incubation with the test substances. Flow cytometry (CYTOMICS FC500, Beckman Coulter, USA) were used to evaluate amount (%) of NGs expressing CD16, CD32, CD11b and mean fluorescence intensity of these molecules (MFI) before and after incubation with the test substances. The studies showed that in patients with chronic sinusitis with persistent recurrent course the presence is characterized by transformed phenotype CD16dimCD32midCD11bbr of CD16+CD32+CD11b+NG subpopulation. We have shown that the revealed changes in the level of expression of trigger membrane receptors do not allow NG to fully engage in inflammatory process and to realize its effector and regulatory functions. Under the influence of GMDP and IFNγ regulatory molecules was demonstrated high mobilization capacity of the studied NGs for functionally significant membrane receptors in realization of various functions.

In the conditions of steadily increasing urbanization and emerging negative microclimates, there is increase the morbidity of children in megacities. The damaging effect of environmental factors causes the development of “minimal persistent inflammation” of mucosa. We had studied 55 children in age 1–8 years suffering from recurrent ARVI associated with different chronic HVI (HSV I/II, EBV, CMV, HHV VI) and chronic recurrent bacterial diseases. The comparison group was 40 conditionally healthy children, comparable by sex and age. Clinical and immunological methods: ELISA, PCR, cytofluorimetry were used. We studied 2 groups of children: 1 group – 1–4 years old (early children) and 2 group – 5–8 years old, suffering from recurrent ARVI of a high rate of frequency. Clinical and anamnestic data showed that the incidence of ARVI was in 1 group – 7–15 and in 2 groups – 7–24 or more episodes per year, and the duration of these episodes was: 7.5 and 15.8 days, respectively. In all children, repeated ARI in combination with chronic respiratory diseases with frequent exacerbations were associated with recurrent and/or mono- and mixed HVI. Comparative analysis showed that in the children from group 1 demonstrate deficient in IFN-α, serum IgA and various NG disorders. However more severe disorders in IFN-α, NK-cells, NG system were detected in group 2, which is associated with a greater age of infectious history. Our study revealed the urgency to create new approaches for targeted immunoprophylaxis for immunocompromised children living in the megapolis.

Magneto-abrasive materials, obtained via the joint mechanical activation of magnetic (metal) and abrasive (diamond, silicon carbide) components in a high-energy planetary-type ball mill, are studied by means of XRD phase analysis and optical and scanning-electron microscopy. It is shown that a metallomatrix structure forms in an Fe/diamond system after only 10 min of mechanical activation. Diamond particles are ground from 40–50 μm to 0.5–3 μm and distributed over the volume of the iron matrix. Study of the abrasive properties of Fe/silicon carbide composite applied to zirconium alloy shows that an Fe/SiC composite obtained via 10 min of mechanical activation ensures the greatest reduction in the weight of the material and the lowest level of roughness.

A desorption cell for TLC/DART mass spectrometry is developed. An analysis of mixtures of pharmaceutical substances has shown that the proposed approach can improve the sensitivity of the method and achieve the reproducibility of the recorded mass spectra and selected ion chromatograms.

Sulfur-containing products (elemental sulfur, polysulfides) used to control agricultural pests (powdery mildew, anthracnose, scab, spider mite) undergo chemical transformations under environmental conditions resulting in formation of toxic soluble and volatile sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, polysulfides). A relatively simple electrochemical method for monitoring the content of polysulfides in various objects based on cathodic stripping voltammetry (direct- and alternating-current modes) with a mercury-film electrode in an alkaline supporting electrolyte is proposed in the paper. It was shown that the value of the analytical signal depends linearly on the concentration of S2 2- and S3 2- ions in the range of 1•10−7-1•10−3 M. The method can be used to determine the total content of polysulfides in environmental objects and to calculate the average degree of polysulfidity n for Sn 2- ions.

Aim. A comprehensive assessment of the various links of immunity in women of reproductive age with genital infectious-inflammatory processes. Materials and methods. The study used peripheral blood of 30 patients with inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs (IDPO), 30 patients with a viral infection of the urogenital tract (IUT), and peripheral blood of 20 apparently healthy women of reproductive age (Control). The cell immunity was evaluated by the contents of CD3 (+), CD4(+)-, CD8(+)-, CD19(+)-, CD56(+)CD16 (+) lymphocytes, the humoral level – by the concentration of serum immunoglobulins of major classes (IgA, IgM, IgG), the functions of neutrophils – in terms of their phagocytic and oxygen-dependent microbicidal functions. Results. The study of population composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed that the absolute and relative levels of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, CD3 (+)-, СD8 (+) lymphocytes, as well as the relative level of CD4 (+) and СD19 (+) lymphocytes, is increased in women with IDPO and IUT relatively to the age reference. Along with this, a strong tendency to decrease in the serum concentration of immunoglobulins A and M and predominant depressive changes in the neutrophilic granulocyte system were revealed in patients suffering from infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genital tract. Conclusion. The revealed immunity disorders in women of reproductive age suffering from IDPO and IUT are pathogenetically significant, and a complex pregravid immunocorrection of defects of phagocytic and microbicidal function of phagocytic cells, as well as certain parameters of cellular (quantitative deficiency of NK- and B-lymphocytes) and humoral (inadequate level of serum IgA, IgM, IgG) immunity are important for maintenance of reproductive potential.

The article provides security measures required for the reconstruction of electrification systems at agricultural facilities. From the viewpoint of electric shock, agricultural facilities have a large number of premises indicated as “with increased danger” and “especially dangerous”. During operation, there is a great danger of electric shock to people and animals. In addition, there is a high degree of fire hazard. Concurrently, agricultural facilities are a source of a large number of harmful and hazardous production factors. Electrification systems are no exception. According to safety requirements, when performing any technological operations and processes, the negative impact of these factors on people, animals and the environment must be excluded or minimized. Hence, ensuring the safety of personnel is an urgent and crucial task in the reconstruction of electrification systems in agriculture.

The joint mechanical activation of chemically interacting iron and titanium has been studied by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. It is shown that chemically interacting metals Fe and Ti do not form any intermetallic compounds or solid solutions upon intense mechanical activation in a high-energy planetary mill. The products of mechanical activation are Fe/Ti mechanocomposites, in which titanium is distributed over the iron grain surface. An increase in the mechanical activation time leads to the agglomeration of powders and the formation of particles with a wide size range (5–25 μm). The iron crystallite sizes and the level of microstresses are reduced, indicating a decrease in the particle strength.

The influence of nanodimensional carbon additives on the structural-phase state and properties of sintered alloys on copper, iron, and tungsten–cobalt bases is considered. It is shown that the undissolved part of the nanodimensional additive can serve as additional nucleation centers of crystals during liquid-phase sintering and crystallization of powder compositions, which promotes structure refining. It is established that the nanodimensional diamond–graphite additive in alloys able to form solid solutions with carbon or strengthening carbide phases leads to an increase in hardness of sintered composites and an improvement in their tribotechnical properties.

Effect of electron irradiation on the structural state of a composite material based on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and boron carbide particles (B4C) which is a precursor for functional radiation protection materials has been investigated. Composite powder materials were synthesized from industrially available components by the method of mechanochemical activation under conditions of intense shock-shear deformations. Specimens in the form of 2 mm thick composite powder’s pressed plates were irradiated with 2 MeV electrons in air. Studies of changes in the structural and morphological characteristics of the composite samples were carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Effects of electron irradiation on the structure of the composite as a whole and its components were analysed. The analysis of the obtained data showed the resistance of the composite material with respect to the electron irradiation fluence up to 8·1014 cm–2.