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Aim of the work was to analyze the content of factors with neuroprotective, neurotoxic and apoptotic eff ects in the blood of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC), depending on the level of consciousness disorder and neuroprotective therapy.Material and methods. Research included 53 patients with pDOC, who were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 19 vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) patients, group 2–34 minimally conscious state (MCS “minus” and “plus”) patients. Firstly at admission and then at the end of treatment course (after 1 month on average), plasma concentrations of brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF), apoptosis antigen (APO-1), apoptosisinducing ligand (Fas-L) and glutamate were studied. Control group consisted of 16 patients without measured once.Results. Decrease of BDNF serum level was revealed in patients with pDOC,which was less pronounced those who had TBI as a etiological factor of pDOC. BDNF level signifi cantly increased after a month against the background of neuroprotective therapy. Glutamate level was higher in the fi rst group (VS/UWS). No signifi cant diff erence in the content of apoptosis factors was observed.Conclusion. In patients with pDOC, decrease serum BDNF level was observed, less pronounced in TBI as etiology of pDOC. In patients who matched MCS criteria at the admission, there was a signifi cant increase of BDNF serum level during treatment course, which could indicate that patients with a higher initial level of consciousness have better potential for realizing the eff ect of neuroprotective therapy. Levels of apoptosis factors did not correspond to the consciousness level.

Chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC) leads to the development of skeletal muscles dysfunction (weakness, pareses)—critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy. It is of interest to study the mechanisms underlying the development of this pathology and to assess the rehabilitation potential of DOC patients. Using positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), as well as pathomorphological and immunohistochemical methods, we obtained data on structural and metabolic changes in the skeletal muscles of the upper extremities in 22 DOC patients. The study showed that structural changes in skeletal muscles have a nonspecific degenerative-atrophic nature and manifest severely on the side of paresis. In DOC patients, metabolic disorders of the shoulder girdle muscles, as revealed by a decrease in the level of 18F-FDG metabolism, developed symmetrically, regardless of muscle tone and deep reflexes levels. Along with degenerative changes, including damage to the contractile elements of the sarcomeres, the loss of desmin and dystrophin, and a decrease in the level of 18F-FDH metabolism, skeletal muscles of DOC patients revealed the signs of adaptive structural and functional rearrangements, such as a slow-to-fast transformation of the muscle fiber phenotype and activation of the autophagic pathway.

Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Its main clinical manifestation is movement disorders. The study of innovative objective methods for the diagnosis and rehabilitation of movement disorders in PD is relevant and in demand taking into account the slowly progressive course of the disease and the complex set of symptoms that subsequently forms a characteristic movement pattern. This article provides an example of a personalized rehabilitation assessment of biomechanical manifestations of the gait function of a patient with exacted diagnosis, stage 3.5 PD according to Hoehn and Yahr, by means of the method of three-dimensional motion video analysis using the Vicon Motion Capture Systems soft-hardware complex. The patient has postural and gait disorders. This method was applied after a rehabilitation course based on the activation of lifting the foot from the support surface (“back push”). Changes in the tempo and rhythm parameters of gait in a patient with PD in comparison to a healthy person were revealed: acceleration of walking pace with shortening of the length of single and double step, a decrease in the time of limb advancement, acceleration of the moment of heel rise and a decrease in walking pace. Analysis of the locomotion also revealed a decrease in the amplitude of flexion-extension in the coxofemoral joint, knee joint and tibio-tarsic on the side with more pronounced Parkinsonism. Insufficient knee flexion and hip extension, excessive dorsal flexion of the foot with insufficient plantar flexion were noted. Revealing the last features of locomotion in a particular case allows one to make a plan for a targeted personalized rehabilitation program for a given patient. Thus, the method of three-dimensional video analysis is a valuable diagnostic tool that makes it possible to objectively assess the existing violations of locomotion and identify the targets of rehabilitation.

Objective: investigate epidemiology of infectious complications, intensity of antibacterial therapy, and features of the systemic inflammatory response in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness.Materials and methods: retrospective case histories analysis of 102 patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness who were treated in the department of anesthesiology and intensive care of Polenov Neurosurgical Institute from 2010 to 2019.Results: during hospitalization all patients (100%) had signs of tracheobronchitis, 86 patients (84,3%) had urinary tract infection, 34 (33,3%) pneumonia, 10 patients (9,8%) meningoventriculitis, and in 9 (8,8%) cases sepsis was diagnosed. Identified bacterial complications required systemic antibacterial therapy. With an average length of hospital stay of 51±42 days, duration of antibiotic therapy was 37±41 days. One-component therapy was applied in half of the cases (54%), slightly less often (43,2%) treatment consisted of two antibiotics, in some cases patient’s condition required prescription of three antibiotics (2,8%). Even in the absence of a focus of infection, temperature and laboratory markers of inflammation in blood samples of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness were higher than the reference values. CRP was increased with addition of any bacterial complications. Count of white blood cells significantly increased only in case of pneumonia and sepsis. Procalcitonin test was positive in 16,6% observations of urinary tract infection, 30,4% of pneumonia, and 28% of meningoventriculitis.Conclusion: most informative proinflammatory marker of bacterial complications in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness was CRP. Mild leukocyte response can be explained by immunosuppression in long-term ill patients. Limited value of procalcitonin test may be due to the insufficiency of the semi-quantitative method sensitivity with a threshold level of 0,5 ng/ml, as well as reduced proinflammatory response to local infection in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness as a result of massive antibacterial therapy, colonization of opportunistic microflora and presence of sympathicotonia (non-infectious systemic inflammatory reaction).

Objectives. To study the predictive significance of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in patients in a vegetative state. Materials and methods. Multivoxel MRS was carried out in 34 patients in a vegetative state with voxels in the thalamus, globus pallidus, putamen, internal capsule, fornix, brainstem, and the temporal and frontal areas of the cortex. Patients were divided into groups depending on the etiology of vegetative state: 22 patients had the sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 12 patients had the sequelae of hypoxic brain damage. The groups were comparable in terms of age and the duration of the vegetative state (mean 2.3 months). Neurological status was assessed both during the hospitalization period and at 6–12 months using the Coma Recovery Scale (CRS-R). MRS results obtained at 6–12 months were compared with baseline data. The outcome of patients with the sequelae of TBI were as follows: persistent vegetative state in six patients, minimally conscious state plus in nine patients, recovery from the state of minimal consciousness in seven. Outcomes of patients with the sequelae of hypoxia were: persistent vegetative state in 10 patients and minimally conscious state plus in two. Results. Decreases in the N-acetylaspartate/creatinine ratio in the thalamus, internal capsule, and temporal cortex correlated with poor outcomes in both groups, while higher values correlated with further recovery of consciousness. Decreases in the N-acetylaspartate/creatinine ratio and the N-acetylaspartate/N-acetylaspartate + choline + creatine ratio in the midbrain correlated with poor outcomes only in patients with the sequelae of hypoxia. Conclusions. The results obtained here suggest that MRS provides a more accurate determination of the outcome in patients with hypoxic brain damage and patients with TBI, who showed recovery of consciousness to the level of coming out of the vegetative state.

A search for flavor-changing neutral current interactions of the top quark (t) and the Higgs boson (H) is presented. The search is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13TeV. Events containing exactly one lepton (muon or electron) and at least three jets, among which at least two are identified as originating from the hadronization of a bottom quark, are analyzed. A set of deep neural networks is used for kinematic event reconstruction, while boosted decision trees distinguish the signal from the background events. No significant excess over the background predictions is observed, and upper limits on the signal production cross sections are extracted. These limits are interpreted in terms of top quark decay branching fractions (B) to the Higgs boson and an up (u) or a charm quark (c). Assuming one nonvanishing extra coupling at a time, the observed (expected) upper limits at 95% confidence level are B(t -> Hu) < 0.079 (0.11)% and B(t -> Hc) < 0.094 (0.086)%.

A comparative analysis of the formation of the nutrient load caused by the formation of communal discharges from the urban population and the dispersed load from the rural population for the period 2002-2015 yrs was carried out on the catchment of the Kuibyshev reservoir within the boundaries of the Republic of Tatarstan. It was revealed that the average value of the mass of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds formed in the catchment from municipal wastewaters of the urban population over the period is Ntot 5343 tons, Ptot 1790 tons; from the dispersed load of the rural population Ntot. 515 tons and Ptot 207 tons. It is shown that the contribution of the nutrient load from municipal wastewaters of the urban and rural population is Ntot. 96,3% and 3,7%, and according to Ptot. 96,9% and 3,1%, respectively.

Discussed are the features of the oxygen and sulfide vertical distribution resulted from the expedition data obtained by Marine Hydrophysical Institute in the northern part of the Black Sea (within the economic zone of Russia) in 1995–2015. In course of the last 20 years, the upper boundary of the sulfide zone in this area, defined by the sulfide isoline 3 μM, did not change its position in the scale of relative density and is located on σt = 16.10–16.15 kg/m3. Closer to the northwest shelf (in the area of the Sevastopol anticyclone), the hydrogen sulfide isoline 3 μM is slightly lifted to σt = 15.9–16.0 kg/m3; there is a single case when its position was recorded at σt = 15.85 kg/m3. Position of the suboxic zone upper boundary (the threshold oxygen isoline 10 μM) is characterized by spatial and temporal variability. During four expeditions in 2009–2013, in the region of the northwestern shelf the suboxic zone upper boundary was located, regardless of the season, within σt = 15.6–15.7 kg/m3. In November, 2013 in the deep sea part, the threshold oxygen isoline 10 μM was located on σt = 15.7 kg/m3, whereas in November, 2015 it was considerably higher: on σt = 15.35 kg/m3. The change of location of the threshold oxygen isoline 10 μM observed in 1995–2015 provides no possibility to assess unambiguously alteration of the suboxic zone thickness in the central part of the sea. Thus within the depths 1750–2000 m in the Black Sea, no significant increase of the sulfide content in 1995–2015 has been recorded.

In this work, the influence of the crystallographic orientation of high-purity aluminum single crystals of grade A999 on the transformation of the initial structure as a result of exposure to shock waves at a temperature of −196°C was experimentally investigated. It was found that when the shock front propagates in the [110] direction at pressures of 40 GPa and 50 GPa, structural changes in aluminum single crystals are observed in the form of dislocation slip lines along the (111) and (110) planes. The impact of the shock front in the direction of [113] at a pressure of 50 GPa leads to coordination structural changes. It was found that a nanocrystalline structure with an average grain size of 80 nm is formed in the near-surface layers at a depth of 1–3 mm, and a subgrain structure is formed at a depth of 6–7 mm. In fact, a gradient type structure is formed. The reasons for the pronounced effect of the influence of the crystallographic orientation of high-purity aluminum single crystals on structural changes under the action of shock waves are discussed.

When developing the Decision Support System (DSS), the operability of the internal motion and maneuvering control systems of the vessel is characterized by a large number of parameters, which should be monitored in order to achieve the expected results. The task is to develop an appropriate methodology for automatic monitoring of these systems, which, using a minimum set of sensors, makes it possible to predict the state of the vessel and change the dangerous state to the safe one. To implement the method of automatic monitoring, a set of statistical control tools is selected depending on the alleged violations and the level of correlation of parameters. The uncorrelated parameters are monitored by instruments based on the Shewhart map [1], the correlated parameters are monitored on the basis of Hotelling statistics [2]. This approach makes it possible to diagnose the pre-emergency and emergency states of ship control systems in on-line mode. The method used for multi-level integrated monitoring of the technical state of control systems in on-line mode can improve the reliability of of identification of the technical state of vessel subsystems and expandthe scope of application of monitoring and diagnostics tools. The data obtained can become the basis for the development of rational decisions in the DSS at the level of control subsystems for the vessel transfer from the dangerous to safe state.

One of the most important components of the navigation safety decision support system (NS DSS) is the forecasting block. The results of his work have an impact on the type of control actions formed by the system. The effectiveness of this block depends on the forecasting methods used. The accuracy of the result of the forecasting block depends largely on the choice of the forecasting method.To develop reliable forecasts, it is necessary to determine forecasting methods, in relation to the specifics of the functioning of the NS DSS. Several ways of solving the problem of choosing the appropriate forecasting method in relation to the NS DSS are proposed. Two methods are demonstrated: Artificial neural networks (ANN) using precedents and Intelligent process analysis (IPA). Solving the problem of choosing the optimal method will guarantee obtaining a forecast with a certain level of accuracy, which will significantly increase the reliability of the forecast and, as a result, the effectiveness of the NS DSS. Solving the problem of choosing the optimal method will guarantee obtaining a forecast with a certain level of accuracy, which will significantly increase the reliability of the forecast and, as a result, the effectiveness of the NS DSS, which allows us to assert the relevance of this problem and further research.

The article discusses the possibility of creating a system for automating the process of searching and assessing the danger of targets using machine vision and existing ship systems. The technologies for processing images from the ship’s camera system are analyzed: object recognition by a ready-made convolutional neural retrained network, as well as object detection by SURF algorithms. The parameters of the danger of goals within the framework of the problem to be solved have been analyzed and developed, and a structural analysis has been elaborated. The functionality of the automatic operation of the system as a closed circuit has been considered. To achieve the technical result in the system as an integrated part of the ship’s equipment based on cognitive information processing, a composite information object from the ship’s sensors and control systems was introduced. It is decomposed into blocks in which the associated logical information processing takes place using basic modules consisting of adaptive cells-approximators as learning elements capable of independently processing information. The following units are included in the local area network: an information support unit (ISU), a decision making unit (DMU), a command-organizational unit (COU) with an operator’s workstation. The ISU is connected by a two-way communication output with aggregate LAN units, the other output is connected in series with a situation determination unit and the “model of the surrounding space” block. The survey was carried out on board a modern LNG gas carrier using ship systems.

The paper studies the prospects of using telematics data to support effective solutions for tracking and monitoring the condition of the power supply system (PSS) components of unmanned vessels (UV) through the determination of positioning and, accordingly, operating time of PSS components. The paper attempts to describe one of the modules of the proposed integrated telematics system for UV monitoring, diagnostics and control. For practical implementation of telematics for unmanned merchant vessels, an algorithm has been developed to diagnose the technical condition of PSS components based on the operating time and condition of the units and components of the UV PSS. The results obtained by the algorithm show the technical condition of the observed technical equipment, time of its operation, and justify the need for repair or its complete replacement. The block diagram presents the algorithm that employs a minimal set of data to determine the use of technical equipment for further planning of its preventive maintenance. The paper provides the graphical interpretation of data on the time of PSS components operation and an example of displaying the interface of the remote operator of the UV. It is proposed to use telematics for tracking and monitoring the UV PSS operation in order to improve the quality of equipment maintenance, provide rational use of resources, extend its service life, and plan the repair time. In the future, it is proposed to create an integrated intelligent system based on telematics data, which allows the UV control and monitoring of the technical condition of its equipment.

Modern navigation systems often employ the algorithms for plotting lines for the preliminary route construction. The current conditions of technological development imply the simplicity of constructing routes. However, the most important part was and remains the speed of the system that generates the route. The authors of the paper proposed a universal algorithm for constructing a navigation route in narrow channels of the sea. The presented algorithm identifies the middle of the fairway as the safest point at each narrow segment and connects them with track lines. The problem that can arise is smoothing, as the middle of the fairway can shift significantly. To solve this problem, new relative and absolute parameters that characterize plotting of turning points were introduced. In addition, a unified universal formula was proposed for finding the coordinates of these points on a line perpendicular to the current route of the vessel. It was experimentally proved that correctly selected empirical parameters enable the algorithm to quickly construct a route in any navigation area with a relatively low computational complexity. This approach is appropriate for clearly delineated zones of the fairway, and it is compatible with zone methods.

Mooring is a complex and responsible process for a boat master, so modern trends determine the need to create automated and automatic systems for mooring vessels to minimize the human factor. The study researched the vessel ergatic control complex and the towing group with the use of mathematical apparatus in the implementation of mooring operations. The human-machine or “ergatic” system is the control shell under the active influences of the bridge complexes and is an auxiliary tool for the watchman on the navigation bridge. This is the essence – a human, as a controlling and observing link, is an integral part of the human-machine complex. Automation, even in systems with artificial intelligence, will not soon replace the flexibility of the human brain, despite possible and sometimes very serious human mistakes. Taking into account the fact that the automated mooring system applies all kinds of monitoring sensors to prevent docking impact, the control and responsibility for the mooring process still lie with the navigator operator.

An extensive use of geophysical methods necessitates the development of new methods and improvement of existing methods for seismic exploration to provide reliable data on the structure of the environment in difficult geological conditions. Therefore, it is especially relevant to solve the problems arising in marine petroleum geophysics, which require constant improvement of the methodology and technology of work, and the development and implementation of the advanced seismic equipment. Pneumatic sources that use compressed air as a working medium are among the most effective non-explosive sources for marine seismic exploration. Pneumatic sources exhibit high-energy characteristics, reliability and versatility. Compressor equipment that provide pneumatic sources with high-pressure compressed air is relatively easy to embed into the marine vessel’s power system. The above requires the development and improvement of theoretical methods for studying dynamic problems of a liquid half-space with buried sources of various types. A theoretical description of the formation of an elastic signal in water is given in a number of works. However, the authors of these works do not perform the analysis of gas transportation. The paper considers a number of characteristics of gas flow at a subsonic speed along the high-pressure hose from a vessel’s compressor unit to a pneumatic source. The airflow rate in the receiver-pneumatic source system is determined, and the friction force at a quasi-steady isothermal mode of gas flow is calculated. The paper presents recommendations for planning geophysical works.

The catchment area of the Neva River, which includes the largest European lakes Ladoga, Onega, Ilmen and Saimaa, located in Finland, has an area of 183,300 km2. The quality of water in the Neva River is determined by the characteristics of the water masses of Lake Ladoga, as well as by point and non-point sources of pollution on the tributaries of the Neva. One of the potential sources of pollution is the Krasny Bor landfill for storing highly toxic waste of hazard classes I – V. In the event of an emergency at the landfill, toxic wastewater can enter the Izhora River, and then into the Neva River, 7 km above the water intakes of St. Petersburg. Using the methods of mathematical modeling, the calculation of the spread of toxic substances in the hydrographic network of the catchment area, and then in the channel of the Neva River was carried out under various scenarios of the development of an emergency at the landfill. A full-scale experiment was carried out to confirm the adequacy of the model of impurity spreading in the channel of the Neva. An assessment of the features of the transport of suspended particles and dissolved impurities in the direction of the water intakes of St. Petersburg is given.

A method is proposed for assessing nutrient pollution flows in the catchment - water body system, based on the following indicators: the eutrophication potential of the catchment area and water body, the eutrophication potential of diffuse pollution of the catchment area of a water body, the potential for retaining biogenic pollution in the catchment area of a water body. The components of the eutrophication potential for the catchment area of the river Kazanka, located in the left - bank of the Kuibyshev reservoir. It has been established that the eutrophication potential of the catchment area and the waters of the river Kazanka for nitrogen and phosphorus compounds is 2259 and 170 and 705 and 56 t • year −1, respectively. It is shown that the potential for retaining nutrient pollution in the catchment area of the river Kazanka of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds is 69 and 67%, respectively.

Development of a system of models describing the processes of heat and mass transfer in the system “catchment - watercourse – reservoir” enabling the assessment of impact of economic activity and climate change on the state of water bodies. The layout of a water system model using the developed and working models of processes is performed in accordance with the determining factors: the requirements of the task; structural features of the research object; the presence and location of points of the observation network as a source of initial information for modeling. The developed system of models includes six deterministic models and one stochastic one. The deterministic models include the model of water runoff from the catchment ILHM, model of chemicals removal from the catchment ILLM, model of water flow, sediment transport and dissolved impurities in an open channel (1D, 2D, 3D), 1D model of thermal regime and mixing of reservoir FLake, 1D model of dynamics of non-conservative impurity in reservoir FLakeEco, 2D model of currents and sediment transport in shallow reservoir, 3D model of heat and mass transfer in reservoir. The stochastic component of the system is the SWM weather model, which is a stochastic generator of meteorological elements.

The authors discuss the collecting abilities of desorbable species (DS) of saturated fatty acids. The DS species of the reagent are understood as species capable of moving from the surface of the mineral particle to the bubble at the moment of the rupture of the interlayer of liquid separating these objects of interaction. DS species of carboxylic acids (molecules and ionic-molecular complexes) have the ability to spread over the surface of the bubble. The rate of their spreading at pH 7 and 10 over the water surface is determined. The collectibility criterion of saturated fatty acids is proposed. The values of forces exerted by the spreading DS species of reagents on liquid in the interlayer and the liquid flow rate from the interlayer are determined., {"references":["R. D. Kulkarni, P. Somasundaran, \"Kinetics of oleate adsorption at the liquid/air interface and its role in hematite flotation,\" AIChE Symposium series, 1975, vol. 71, pp. 124–133.","R. D. Kulkarni, P. Somasundaran, \"Flotation chemistry of hematite/oleate system,\" Colloids and Surfaces, 1980, vol. 1, pp. 387-405.","K. Quast, \"Flotation of hematite using C6–C18 saturated fatty acids,\" Minerals Engineering, 2006, vol. 19, pp. 582–597.","A. Bleier, E. D. Goddard, and R. D. Kulkarni,\"Adsorption and critical flotation conditions,\" Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1977, vol. 59, pp. 490–504.","J. A. Finch, G. W. Smith, \"Dynamic superficial tension of alkaline dodecylamine solutions,\" Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1973, vol. 45, pp. 81–91.","G. V Zhivankov, V. I. Ryaboy, \"Collective properties and surface activity of higher air floats,\" Obogashchenie rud—Ore Dressing Treatment, no. 3, 13 –16.","P. Somasundaran, \"The relationship between adsorption at different interfaces and flotation behavior\". Transactions of the Society of Mining Engineers of AIME, 1968, vol. 241, pp. 105–109.","P. Somasundaran, D.W. Fuerstenau, \"On incipient flotation conditions,\" Transactions of the Society of Mining Engineers of AIME, 1968, vol. 241, pp. 102–104.","S. A. Kondratyev, \"Estimation of reagents-collectors flotation activity,\" Obogashchenie rud—Ore Dressing Treatment, 2010, vol. 4, pp. 24–30.\n[10]\tS. A. Kondratyev, \"Activity and Selectivity of Carboxylic Acids as Flotation Agents,\" Journal of Mining Science, 2012, vol. 48, pp. 1039–1046.\n[11]\tS. A. Kondratyev, N. P. Moshkin, \"Estimate of collecting force of flotation reagent,\" Journal of Mining Science, 2015, vol. 51, pp. 150–156. \n[12]\tR. Sivamohan, P.de Donato, J. M. Cases, \"Adsorption of oleate species at the fluorite-aqueous solution interface,\" Langmuir, 1990, vol. 6, pp. 637–644. \n[13]\tJ. A. Mielczarski, J. M. Cases, E. Bouquet, O. Barres, and J. F. Delon, \"Nature and structure of adsorption layer on apatite contacted with oleate solutions 1. Adsorption and Fourier transform infrared reflection studies,\" Langmuir, 1993, vol. 9, pp. 2370–2382. \n[14]\tO. S. Bogdanov, N. S. Mikhailova, \"Effect of crystal of dry iron oxides on their floatability,\" Obogashchenie rud—Ore Dressing Treatment, 1966, vol. 4, pp. 19–23. \n[15]\tS. I. Polkin, Processing of Ores and Rare and Noble Metals, Moscow: Nedra, 1987, p. 428. (in Russian). \n[16]\tA. A. Abramov, \"Method for quantitative determination of the sorption forms of solvents on mineral surfaces,\" Journal of Mining Science, 1968, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 384–389. \n[17]\tV. G. Levich, Physicochemical Hydrodynamics, 2nd Ed., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1962, p.700.\n[18]\tL. G. Loytsyansky, Fluid Mechanics, Nauka, 1978, p.736. (in Russian)."]}

To study the prognostic value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in patients with vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS).Thirty-four patients with VS/UWS underwent multi-voxel MRS (thalamus, globus pallidus, putamen, internal capsules, fornix, brainstem, temporal and frontal cortex). Subjects were grouped according to etiology: 22 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) (group 1) and 12 patients with a hypoxia (group 2). The groups were matched by age and duration of UWS (mean 2, 3 months). The CRS-R was used to identify the first signs of consciousness during hospitalization and 6-12 months later. Outcomes of the patients with TBI were as follows: chronic VS/UWS (n=6), minimally conscious state (MCS) plus (n=9), emergence from MCS (EMCS) (n=7). Outcomes of the patients with hypoxia were: chronic vegetative state (n=10), minimally conscious state (MCS) (n=2).The decrease in the NAA/Cr ratio in thalamus, capsula interna, temporal cortex are correlated with poor outcome in both groups. Higher rates of NAA/Cr in these structures are correlated with further recovery of consciousness. The decrease in the ratio of NAA Cr and NAA/NAA+Cho+Cr in the midbrain is correlated with poor outcome only in UWS with hypoxia.The results suggest that the MRS allows to more accurately predicting the outcome in VS/UWS patients with hypoxic brain damage, as well as in UWS patients with TBI, who have recovered consciousness to the level of EMCS.Цель исследования. Изучение прогностической значимости метода водородной магнитно-резонансной спектроскопии (МРС) у пациентов с вегетативным состоянием. Материал и методы. Многовоксельная МРС выполнена 34 пациентам в вегетативном состоянии, с постановкой вокселей на таламус, бледный шар, скорлупу, внутреннюю капсулу, свод, ствол мозга, височную и лобную кору. В зависимости от этиологии вегетативного состояния пациенты были разделены на группы: 22 пациента с последствием черепно-мозговой травмы (ЧМТ) и 12 пациентов с последствием гипоксического поражения головного мозга. Группы были сопоставимы по возрасту и продолжительности вегетативного состояния (в среднем 2,3 мес). Неврологический статус оценивали как в период госпитализации, так и спустя 6-12 мес с применением шкалы восстановления после комы (CRS-R). Сопоставление результатов с исходными данными МРС проведено через 6-12 мес. Исходы пациентов с последствием ЧМТ были следующими: хроническое вегетативное состояние - 6 пациентов, состояние минимального сознания плюс - 9, выход из состояния минимального сознания - 7. Исходы пациентов с последствием гипоксии: хроническое вегетативное состояние - 10 пациентов, состояние минимального сознания плюс - 2. Результаты. Снижение соотношения N-ацетиласпартат/креатина в таламусе, внутренней капсуле, височной коре коррелировало с плохим исходом в обеих группах, а более высокие показатели - с дальнейшим восстановлением сознания. Снижение соотношения N-ацетиласпартат/креатина и N-ацетиласпартат/N-ацетиласпартата + холина + креатина в среднем мозге коррелировало с плохим исходом только у пациентов с последствием гипоксии. Заключение. Полученные результаты позволяют предположить, что МРС более точно определяет исход у пациентов с гипоксическим поражением мозга, а также у пациентов с ЧМТ, у которых наблюдается восстановление сознания до уровня выхода из состояния минимального сознания.

The nutrient load on the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea, is estimated taking into account the export of nutrients from Lake Ladoga with Neva runoff, from the Chudsko-Pskovskoe Lake with Narva runoff, from a partial watershed of the Gulf of Finland, and wastewater discharges from St. Petersburg. The data used include the materials of state monitoring of water bodies and state statistical reports on northwestern Russia, materials of GUP Vodokanal Sankt Peterburga, the results of earlier researches of water quality formation in Lake Ladoga, the Gulf of Finland, and on their catchment, and the results of calculation of nutrient load on the gulf with the use of a model developed in the Institute of Limnology, RAS. Currently, the annual nutrient load on the Gulf of Finland is ∼5200 t Ptot and 70800 t Ntot. The phosphorus load exceeds the admissible levels recommended by the Helsinki Commission, thus suggesting the need to search for real ways to reduce the load in the future.

An estimate is given for the minimum distanceh i at which a particle may approach a bubble during collision under action of forces of a hydrodynamic nature. The thicknessh crit of the film separating the objects being acted upon is calculated when the film fails spontaneously. The collision is considered effective if the conditionh crit≥hi is fulfilled.

The interaction of a mineral particle with the surface of a bubble during froth flotation is studied. Results are presented from an analysis of the equation of motion of a particle fixed at the interface. It is shown that preservation of the “particle-bubble” aggregate depends on the frequencies of natural vibrations of the bubble and the particle and the properties of the surface of the mineral.

Excitation functions have been measured by the stacked foil technique for the production of 22,24 Na and 57,58,60 Co, 65 Zn in the interaction of 3 He ions with aluminium and copper over the energy range up to 91 MeV. The measured excitation functions are suitable for monitoring beam energy and intensity.

The radiation-thermal electron beam treatment of ore concentrates and its influence on the useful fractions yield are described.

Differential cross sections have been measured for the 1H(d,pp)n reaction in collinear and non-collinear geometry at incident deuteron energies of 15.6, 14.2 and 12.8 MeV. The results are compared with an exact three-body calculation by using two-particle charge-dependent interactions for the S wave. The calculations fit the experimental data.