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The aim of the study is to improve the quality of life of women with breast cancer (BC) and a high risk of its development by performing one-stage or delayed reconstruction of the lost breast.The objectives of the study were: to clarify the criteria for selecting patients for prophylactic mastectomy; development of surgical tactics in the treatment of breast cancer and a high risk of its development; assessment of oncological safety of LME; clarification of the methods of reconstruction of the breast; analysis of postoperative complications, including the effect of neoadjuvant PCT during simultaneous breast reconstruction on their frequency, and determination of possible ways to prevent them.Material and methods. The prospective controlled study included 258 patients who underwent surgical treatment in our department between 2007 and 2016. The criteria for the inclusion of patients in the study were: carrying out radical surgical treatment for breast cancer, both in isolation and in combination with the reconstruction of the lost breast; carriage of germline mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, the presence of first-degree relatives suffering from breast cancer, previous BRCA-associated breast cancer; the desire of patients with multiple recurrent proliferative benign breast diseases that are not amenable to conservative and surgical treatment to use the surgical method of breast cancer prophylaxis with immediate restoration of the breast.Results. According to the Beck Depression Questionnaire, 72 % of patients in the first group of patients had a critical and high level of depression, while patients who underwent CME with one-stage reconstruction did not have such levels of depression. At the same time, a relatively favorable psychological state of patients with a low level of depression was observed in 17 of 21 patients in the RME + delayed reconstruction group (which amounted to 81% of the group), in 21 of 22 patients in the RME + simultaneous reconstruction group (95% of the group), and only in 5 of 43 patients in the RME group (12% of the group) (χ2 = 51.6; critical value 9.2 at p ≤ 0.01).Conclusions. When analyzing the results obtained, we once again became convinced of the oncological safety of LME with a one-stage reconstruction of the breast, subject to certain requirements. In the presence of appropriate conditions, it is possible to preserve the SAC during the LME. Preventive LME with simultaneous breast reconstruction is the method of choice in patients with a high risk of developing breast cancer, subject to the appropriate selection criteria and the patient's desire.