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Relevance. One of the main factors in obtaining high yields of high-quality wheat is its protection from pests. Their taxonomic composition and abundance vary depending on the area of research, the phase of vegetation and agricultural technology — variety, predecessor, level of mineral nutrition, use of insecticides, etc. In connection with the above, the purpose of the research was to analyze the response of pests in intensification in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.Methods. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2017–2022 on the basis of the GSU of the Krasnoturansky district. 13 varieties of soft spring wheat were considered as objects of research. GSU Krasnoturansky district is located in the steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The experiment was laid according to the method of state variety testing. As a fertilizer, based on the results of agrochemical analysis, ammonium nitrate (34.4%) 70 kg a. i. was used. per ha. According to the results of soil analysis, the introduction of phosphorus and potassium was not required. Predecessors of steam and grain. During the growing season, the crops were treated with modern means of protection.Results. It was found that the number of pests on the fallow predecessor was 1.42 times higher than on the grain one. When ammonium nitrate is introduced, the number of insects increases by 1.33 times compared with the unfertilized predecessor. In the steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the most common pests of soft spring wheat are wheat thrips, swedish fly and bread flea.

The standard air flow velocity measurement procedure has been developed in order to unify and standardize the measuring instruments used and data processing algorithms, reduce the development time and certify such standard methods. Sources of error in indirect measurements of air flow velocity in the range 3–105 m/s are investigated. The sources of instrumental error of indirect measurements are analyzed – pressure sensors with digital and analog output signals, pitot tube, temperature and relative air humidity sensors, atmospheric pressure sensors. It is shown that the greatest contribution to the instrumental error is made by measuring the pressure difference and atmospheric pressure. The errors of method, which depends on the measurement model, is considered. A new mathematical model of measurements is proposed, which includes optimal expressions for determining the density of moist air and corrections for compressibility and allows to reduce the methodological error, and requirements for the metrological characteristics of the measuring instruments used are developed, ensuring that the total error of indirect measurements of the flow velocity complies with the allowable limits of ±0,2 m/s. Recommendations are given on the use of measuring instruments and algorithms for processing measurement results, which make it possible to reduce the measurement error by 39 % and develop a standard air flow velocity measurement procedure. The standard procedure is relevant for aviation industry enterprises, where the air flow rate is measured by the pneumometric method.

The morphology of track membranes based on polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene with different track diameters and their surface densities were studied by UV, IR, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM method was used to plot the distribution curves of the number of tracks depending on their average size (diameter). Similar distribution curves were obtained using UV and IR spectroscopy. Good agreement was found between the data of independent methods of optical spectroscopy and SEM. It is shown that with an increase in the surface density of tracks, the background elastic scattering in the Raman spectra increases linearly. It is proposed to use the observed effect in the Raman spectra to estimate the surface track density of polymer track membranes.

Eighteen strains of bacterial antagonists inhibiting growth of Fusarium pathogens of soybean were isolated from soil microbial communities of the Yenisei Siberia. The two most active antagonists (RSA-1 strain, preliminary identified as Bacillus sp., and RSA-13 strain, preliminary identified as Streptomyces sp.) were tested as biological agents to protect soybeans from Fusarium infections in vitro . In the absence of artificial infection, the RSA-1 strain reduced the Fusarium incidence by 25 percentage points (from 61.5% to 36.5%, the statistical significance of the effect was p

The paper presents data on the chemical, physical and microbiological changes during storage of paste from the fruits of small-fruited apple trees processed with microwaves. After six month of storage the content of water soluble solids increased 1.02 times (from 21.50 % to 21.93 %). The sugar-acid index decreased 1.23 times (from 10.25 % to 8.35 %); the titratable acidity increased 1.13 times (from 9.92 g/dm3 to 11.21 g/dm3). The mass fraction of pectin substances decreased 2.51 times (from 2.31 % to 0.92 %) and the content of Vitamin C decreased 1.26 times (from 24.1 mg/100 g to 19.12 mg/100 g). The number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms did not exceed 200 colony-forming units (CFU) per gram. The number of yeasts did not exceed 260 CFU/g and the number of filamentous fungi did not exceed 620 CFU/g. No pathogenic or facultative pathogenic bacteria were found during all the period of storage.

Effects of irradiation with visible light on the process of self-assembly in an aqueous l-cysteine-silver solution (CSS) and hydrogels based on were investigated using a set of physico-chemical methods. It was found that the exposure to light of CSS and hydrogels based on l-cysteine and silver acetate colors them firstly into yellow and subsequently to brown, which is due to the plasmon resonance of free electrons at the surface of resulting silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). A mechanism involving participation of AgNPs was proposed for the self-assembly in CSS and hydrogel.

Five types of cereals (wheat, covered barley, naked barley, covered oats and naked oats) were extruded for 6, 6.5, 7.6, 8.2, 9.1 and 10 seconds with subsequent control of the water and the protein content. The water content statistically significantly (p < 0.001) decreased during all the processing time with the final values of 7.3 %, 6.3 %, 7.2 %, 6.0 % and 6.5 % for wheat, covered barley, naked barley, covered oats and naked oats respectively. The protein content slightly decreased during all the processing time with the final values of 11.51 %, 10.95 %, 14.10 %, 13.01 % and 13.10 % for wheat, covered barley, naked barley, covered oats and naked oats respectively. The effect of processing time on the water content can be modeled by polynomial regression whereas the effect of processing time on the protein content can be modeled by linear regression.

The influence of various concentrations of Ag, TiO2, and SiO2 nanoparticles on conidia germination of the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana and mycelium growth of the xylotrophic fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Neonothopanus nambi was analyzed. It is established that a decrease in conidia germination of phytopathogenic fungus and mycelium growth of the xylotrophic fungi occurs at relatively high silver nanoparticle concentrations. The appropriate ЕС50 values for Bipolaris sorokiniana, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Neonothopanus nambi are found to be 30, 14, and 31 mg/dm3, respectively. No effect of various concentrations of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles on the studied cultures of fungi is highlighted. Thus, the negative impact of nanosilver on the growth of fungi at a high concentration which is untypical for objects of the environment and a lack of this influence of titanium dioxide and silica nanoparticles testifies to the high resistance of mycelial forms of organisms to engineered nanoparticles.

Nine varieties of soft spring wheat (Altayskaya 70, Altayskaya 75, Krasnoyarskaya 12, Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 16, Novosibirskaya 29, Novosibirskaya 31, Novosibirskaya 41 and Svirel) were studied in the field experiment using fallow as a predecessor and wheat as a predecessor both with and without nitrogen fertilizer for an incidence of root infection caused by Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana. Average by varieties and variants of experiment incidence of Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp. and B. sorokiniana was 7.5, 5.7 and 10.8%, respectively. Wheat as a predecessor statistically significantly increased average by varieties incidence of both Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. in comparison with fallow. Nitrogen fertilizer statistically significantly increased average incidence of Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp. and B. sorokiniana. The incidence of fungal root infection and the effects of predecessor and fertilization statistically significantly depended on the variety.

The purpose of the study was to study the change in the vitamin C content in potato tubers over a period of 270 days of storage in a potato storage of the buried type, regulated by natural supply and exhaust ventilation (I type of storage) and active (forced) ventilation with artificial cooling (II type of storage). In the I type of storage the content of vitamin C decreased from 25.0 mg to 5.8 mg per 100 g. In the II type of storage the content of vitamin C decreased from 25.1 mg to 21.0 mg per 100 g.In both cases the kinetic of vitamin C degradation could be described by logistic function with coefficient of determination over 0.999.

In a vegetation experiment, the effect of inoculation with new strains of symbiotic nitrogen fixers on the development of soybeans was assessed. The comparison was carried out with the industrial strain 634 b of the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and the autochthonous culture discovered in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe (Krasnoyarsk Territory). Two soybean samples were used: variety Zaryanitsa (characterized by high nodulation) and line G-23 with low nodulation capacity. Inoculation of five-day-old seedlings was carried out by immersing the roots in an aqueous solution obtained by washing the colonies from a semi-synthetic nutrient medium. The concentration of the microsymbiont is 1 × 107 cells/ml. The plants were planted in 5L pots filled with typical agrochernozem taken from soybean crops. The soil contained an average amount of mobile phosphorus, a high amount of potassium, and a low to medium amount of nitrogen. The count was carried out in the R3 phase of soybean development; for each variant, 16 plants in four vessels were analyzed. Significant differences in plant height, wet and dry weight of stem and root, maximum root length were established. In the G-23 line, the advantage was proven for strains 1–4 relative to the native culture (p < 0.003, 0.012, 0.006, 0.033), industrial drug (p < 0.002, 0.009, 0.004, 0.025), respectively. A significant difference in cultivar Zaryanitsa was obtained between strains 1, 2 and autochthonous culture (p < 0.036, 0.036), preparation 634 b and isolates 2, 3 (p < 0.012, 0.011). The maximum ranks were established for the Zaryanitsa variety for strains 1 (5.14), 2 (4.78), line G-23, strains 4 (5.4) and 3 (5.00). Consequently, new isolates of nodule bacteria are sources of increasing soybean productivity in northern agriculture.

Prunus padus, Ribes nigrum, Armoracia rusticana, Anethum graveolens, Allium cepa and Vaccinium vitis-idaea were tested as natural antimicrobials against extremely halophilic archaea causing spoilage of salty fern. Leaves of Prunus padus and Anethum graveolens had no effect on the growth rate of halophilic archaea a. Leaves of Ribes nigrum statistically significantly stimulated growth of halophilic archaea. Leaves and roots of Armoracia rusticana demonstrated only a temporary antimicrobial effect which continued for less than 60 hours. Peel of Allium cepa and leaves of Vaccinium vitis-idaea demonstrated permanent inhibition of growth of halophilic archaea. Long-time experiment showed that both peel of Allium cepa (5.1 g per 1 kg of salty fern) and leaves of Vaccinium vitis-idaea (13.2 g of fresh leaves or 6.6 g of dry leaves per 1 kg of salty fern) totally prevent spoilage of salty fern.

Leaf fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of Betula platyphylla (Betulaceae) and Populus tremula (Salicaceae) statistically significantly increased in the neighborhood with gold mining plant owned by gold mining holding Seligdar (Aldansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia). The effect of distance from gold mining plant on the FA of both species can be described by power function with coefficients of determination of 0.9997 for B. platyphylla and 1.0000 for P. tremula. In terms of developmental stability P. tremula is statistically significantly more susceptible to environmental stress caused by gold mining than B. platyphylla. At a distance of 100 m from the gold mining plant FA of P. tremula is 1.8 times higher than FA of B. platyphylla whereas at a distance of a 1000 m and 2000 m from the plant FA of both species is equal.

Two common fungicides: Vial TrasT (60 g/l tebuconazole and 80 g/l thiabendazole) and Oplot (90 g/l difenoconazole and 45 g/l tebuconazole) were tested for effectiveness against seed-borne toxigenic fungi Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. using naturally infected wheat (Triricum aestivum L., cultivar Novosibirskaya-14) seeds collected from the field located near Krasnoyarsk, Russia. Treatment with Oplot statistically significantly reduced Fusarium infection by 10 percentage points (from 31.4% to 21.4%) and statistically significantly reduced Alternaria infection by 25.8 percentage points (from 42.9% to 17.1%). Treatment with Vial TrasT demonstrated no statistically significant effect in reducing infection both for Fusarium and Alternaria. The results demonstrates that populations of Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. in Middle Siberia have developed resistance to tebuconazole and thiabendazole, but not to difenoconazole.

Two strains of bacteria isolated from agricultural soil in Yenisey Siberia were tested for their ability to suppress Fusarium root rot of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in vitro. The strain RSA-1 statistically significantly (pBacillaceae family. RSA-13 is Gram-positive, aerobic, filamentous actinobacterium belonging to the Actinomycetaceae family. Both strains can be recommended for biological control of Fusarium root rot of soybean in Siberia.

The research is devoted to fortification of cereal groats with iron and zinc using ultrasound. Three factors were studied: ultrasound frequency at levels 35 kHz and 42 kHz; processing time at levels 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes, and temperature at levels 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60ºC. All factors had statistically significant effects on the absorption of iron and zinc ions both for pearl barley and oat groats, and no interaction effects between factors were found. Four multiple regression models with the coefficients of determination in the range of 0.951 to 0.985 were developed to predict the ions Fe2+ and Zn2+ absorption by cereal groats.

The influence of different tillage methods (20-22 cm plowing) with applying nitrogen fertilizer and without it on the occurrence of antagonist microorganisms to phytopathogenic fungi Bipolaris sorokiniana was studied. Tillage with overturning soil (20-22 cm plowing) increased credibly (p

Cyclic tests of specimens of a carbon-fiber-based composite material were performed and their operation time was evaluated using an integral-type deformation pickup (ITDP). The pickup includes a polished aluminum foil (sensitive element), which is pasted on the surface of a specimen and deformed together with it. Its images were recorded with an МЬС-9 microscope additionally equipped with a digital camera. To analyze the deformation relief using ITDPs, a complex of informative parameters was calculated and the character and typical stages of their changes were discussed and interpreted. It was proposed to use this data when developing built-in sensors for monitoring the state of parts of critical equipment.

The effects of previous crop, fertilizers and pesticides on the wheat yield and the cost efficiency of wheat production in Siberia were studied in two-year field experiment. It was found that the yield mostly depends on the previous crop and pesticides, whereas the fertilizer demonstrated relatively slight effect in the year favourable for wheat growth and no effect in the year unfavourable for wheat growth. Cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the most effective way to reduce the environmental impact of wheat production in Siberia is the use of fallow in crop rotation scheme. Usage of fallow without chemical fertilisers provides higher yield than variants with fertilisers and pesticides where wheat was used as a previous crop. Cost efficiency of variant with fallow was 20.8% what is comparable with cost efficiency of the most cost effective variants (fallow as a as a previous crop + pesticides with cost efficiency of 36.6% and wheat as a previous crop + fertilizers with cost efficiency of 30.4%).

Green spaces such as parks and street trees represent a key component of urban ecosystems. Planting trees and shrubs in cities provides a number of environmental, economic, social and health benefits and also preserves biodiversity in highly urbanized areas. The key problem of the ecological landscaping in Central Siberia is to select plants species resistant both to high level of pollutants and to large variations in temperature. Basing on the comparative study of growth characteristics and physiological state of plants in natural and urban ecosystems we recommend 31 plants species of 16 families for ecological landscaping. Recommended species for ecological landscaping in Central Siberia are Abies sibirica, Acer platanoide, Amorpha fruticosa, Berberis thunbergii, Berberis vulgaris, Cornus alba, Cotoneaster lucidus, Crataegus sanguine, Dasiphora spp., Forsythia spp., Juglans mandshurica, Juniperus Sabina, Larix sibirica, Philadelphus spp., Physocarpus opulifolius, Picea obovata, Picea pungens, Pinus sibirica, Pinus sylvestris, Ribes aureum, Rosa rugosa, Salix alba, Salix ledebouriana, Salix purpurea, Sorbaria sorbifolia, Sorbus aucuparia, Spiraea salicifolia, Syringa josikaea, Tamarix ramosissima, Tilia cordata, Viburnum opulus. Coniferous plants are presented with 7 species of 5 genera. Deciduous plants are presented with 24 species of 21 genera. The list of recommended plants species includes both trees and shrubs.

It is shown in the paper that various secondary technogenic products and industrial wastes are effectively used as cheap raw materials for the production of road construction material. The hardening kinetics of the nepheline-sand mixture compacted at different initial humidity was studied, which showed that when nepheline sludge used as a binder, a relatively uniform set of strength of the samples was observed for a long time. Analysis of the aqueous extract from nepheline sludge showed there are ions of Ca++, K+, Na+, CO3 2−, HCO3 −, SO4 2−, Cl− in it. Using the method of biotesting confirmed the absence of toxic effects of the proposed technogenic materials for use in the strengthening soil of road pavement.

The influence of adaptive bilateral filtration on the calculation of the fractal dimension of optical images is estimated. Filtration parameters are chosen on the basis of various criteria. The use of the maximum dispersion of the probability as the most effective parameter of estimating the image filtration quality is considered.

The polymeric matrix prepared by the solution procedure from a 1: 1 blend of polyvinylidene fluoride and polyamidobenzimidazole and its composite filled with NTsTS-1 piezoelectric ceramic exhibiting high thermal and ferroelectric properties were studied by Fourier IR spectroscopy. In this matrix, polyvinylidene fluoride crystallizes with the formation of a polar β-phase, imparting enhanced ferroelectric properties to the material. Determination of the particle size distribution in the polymeric matrix by optical microscopy and IR spectroscopy gave consistent results.

The influence of various methods of obtaining surface images on the calculated value of their fractal dimension as a quantitative characteristic of the surface state is studied. It is demonstrated that images obtained both by a scanning electron microscope and by a photocamera are characterized by a noticeable noise level, which alters the behavior of the fractal dimension. Various methods of correction of the observed effect are discussed.

To analyze the deformation of solid bodies, it was proposed to use simultaneously three in situ methods of data registration, including loading diagram (macroscale level), correlation of digital images (mesoscale level), and acoustic emission (microscale level). The complex for multiscale in situ investigation of deformation and fracture processes, the operating principle of which is based on interconnection of duration of the characteristic stages of change in the informative parameters and their ratios with the leading scale level, was implemented. By the example of stretching of the samples of aluminum alloy D16 with cut of different depth, the characteristic stages of change in the derivative of the load applied, AE activity, and intensity of shear deformation on the degree of deformation were revealed. It was shown that the characteristic stages marked on graphs of changes in all informative parameters on time agree well between each other and refer to elastic deformation, parabolic strengthening, and crack propagation.

The deformation and fracture of specimens of a carbon-carbon composite material with different dimensions of a stress concentrator in the form of a central hole with diameters of 7, 10, and 13 mm were studied using a developed combined method. The results of a numerical analysis of experimental data are presented in the form of diagrams (dependences) of the shear-deformation intensity and the acoustic-emission activity as functions of the loading time. The factors that cause similarity and differences of the investigation results are discussed and interpreted. It is proposed that the obtained data be used for the nondestructive testing of composite materials via the selection of characteristic stages of the deformation development and the moment that precedes fracturing.

Distribution of scattering centers (filler particles and pores) in films of an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene xerogel was studied by IR spectroscopy and optical microscopy.

The natural microflora of Middle Siberian karst cavities, which comprises psychrotolerant bacteria and fungi capable of growing at 3–15 and 3...+28°C, respectively, has been studied. Bacteria are ubiquitous in caves, their count varying from 103 to 107 cells/g ground. The bacteria have been identified as Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, and coryneform bacteria. Fungi have been found in places exposed to increased anthropogenic impact, their count being as large as 106 to 107 cells/g ground. Mucor, Penicillium, and Chrysosporium were dominant fungal genera.

The pore structure of filled films of xerogels of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene prepared by gel-casting technique was studied by Fourier IR spectroscopy, attenuated total internal reflection spectroscopy, and optical microscopy. The influence of the filler nature, particle shape, and concentration on the pore structure formation of filled xerogels of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene was examined.

The pore structure of filled films of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene prepared by the gel process was studied by IR spectroscopy and optical microscopy. The moisture and water absorption and the maximal sorption capacity of the material were determined gravimetrically and examined in relation to the degree of filling of films with peat and to the molecular weight of the polymer.

This paper is dedicated to studying crazing under cyclic bending with axial loading. The tests were carried out on a special testing equipment. The influence of such factors as the bending radius, the axial load, and the number of bending cycles was investigated. The concentration of crazes was determined by optical microscopy. Moreover, the optical properties of POFs were studied by means of optical spectroscopy and light scattering . As a result, the dependences of craze concentration on the bending radius, axial load, and the number of bending cycles were obtained. The magnitude of irreversible changes was shown to be proportional to the density of the crazes nucleated upon deformation of the light guides.

IR spectroscopy has been applied to estimate the pore anisotropy of polymer track-etch membranes. This method is based on examination of the pattern of light scattering under rotation of the sample relative to the incident IR radiation. As a result, the section of a scattering pore changes.