Search

In this manuscript, we reported the electrical characteristics and structural analysis of In/Fe3O4/SiO2/n-Si/In MIS-type SBD heterostructure comprehensively in the temperature range 10–300 K using I–V, XRD, TEM and AFM measurements. Pulsed laser deposition in association with DC magnetron sputtering techniques has been utilized to fabricate the proposed In/Fe3O4/SiO2/n-Si/In heterojunction. The fabricated heterojunction revealed that the I–V curves are non-linear and asymmetric in nature. Using these I–V curves in the forward-bias region, SBH is calculated as 0.02 eV at 10 K and 0.74 eV at 300 K. On the other hand, the ideality factor (n) value was calculated as 7.55 at 10 K and 1.37 at 300 K. The series resistance (RS) values were also evaluated using Chenug’s method and the values were 1121 Ω at 10 K and 334 Ω at 300 K. The dependence of important diode parameters such as SBH, ‘n’ and ‘RS’ on measurement temperature was effectively explained firstly on account of triple Gaussian distribution of barrier heights with the help of barrier inhomogeneities of the prepared heterojunction. The value of the Richardson’s constant calculated for the fabricated In/Fe3O4/SiO2/n-Si/In heterojunction in the 110–300 K temperature regime was calculated to be 115.26 A/cm2K2 and is approximately equal to the theoretical value of 120 A/cm2K2 for n-type Si. In addition, the higher value (greater than one) of ideality factor at all operating temperatures from 10–300 K demonstrated that the probable current transport across the Fe3O4/SiO2/n-Si junction is not only due to the thermionic emission (TE) mechanism. Hence, to reveal the origin of current transport mechanism i.e., other than TE, we noticed that the governing current transport process through the fabricated hetrojunction is mainly due to the tunneling assisted Poole–Frenkel class of emission across the Fe3O4/SiO2/n-Si junction which is found to be temperature-dependent.

We have developed and first reported Au/Ni/Pr2O3/GaN broadband photodetector device with photoresponsivity from 205 nm to 750 nm under self-powered mode. Using the Tauc's plot, the direct optical bandgap was found to be 4.8, 2.45 and 2.35 eV for the as-deposited, 550 °C and 650 °C post annealed samples, respectively. XRD study revealed that the phase of the as-deposited and post-annealed Pr2O3 films on GaN was monoclinic in nature. Atomic force microscopy method was engaged in non-contact mode to investigate the surface morphology of Pr2O3 films on GaN and the rms surface roughness was improved for the 650 °C post-annealed sample as 1.1 nm compared to other samples. In XPS study, two main Pr3d well separated XPS peaks were noticed at 933.5 eV (m) and 953.9 eV (m′) which corresponds to spin-orbit doublets of 3d5/2 and 3d3/2, respectively. In addition, the transient response measurements of the fabricated 650 °C post annealed device confirmed good stability even for the applied bias voltage of 20 V in the entire UV region. Further, the 650 °C post annealed device at 20 V provided best rise and fall times of 0.57 s and 0.41 s at 360 nm, respectively. The responsivity of the fabricated BB PD device at 650 °C revealed the evidence of bias dependency because of photoconductive gain. The attained progress in the fabricated PD device performance was due to the improved light absorption as evidenced from the optical absorption study. This results the transport of photogenerated electron-hole pairs across the bandgap by limiting recombination/trap states and intentionally deposited LT GaN buffer layer at the interface of sapphire/GaN. These results suggest that the developed BB PD device could also have the potential usage in optoelectronic device applications.

In some situations, the total scene of human vision cannot capture in a single shot of camera sensor, and image mosaic is a technique of forming a large image by combining more than one frame of a scene. This paper demonstrates a simple and novel approach for a real-time image mosaicing technique implemented with a standalone rapid prototype Raspberry Pi2 device with a camera sensor. Mosaicing many video frames of having similar scenes are a time-consuming process and lead to inconsistency between frames of the overlap region. Instead of mosaicing all capture video frames, only every nth frame is considered for mosaicing technique, and filtering video frames are processed for every nth frame of a video sequence. Image mosaicing process starts with corner point detection followed by feature point extraction, matching, geometric transformation, hamming distance and finally wind up with warping and blending.

Color blindness is commonly known as color vision deficiency, the vision defect which presented in our eye ball recognition of color is the major problem for the people who are having color blindness. In this work, we are proposing a hand held real-time automated guidance system to detect and label the color name for color blind persons that will help to identify and label color which they can't do using natural eyes. We designed this Real-time application using Matlab Simulink model. This Paper mainly focusing and developing the users interface it can detect the color and label the color name which is shown by using video glasses. This system mainly consists of computer, raspberry pi B, camera module, and video glasses.

Image mosaicing is a technique of combining information of different images of the same scene to obtain more information in a single snap that contains every image data. In this paper a real-time image mosaicing is implemented by capturing multiple images of a continues scene with slight variation in the Field of View (FoV) of a camera sensor. Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) feature detector detects invariant robust feature points of each image and Fast Retina Key point (FREAK) binary descriptor extracts feature vectors for each and every feature point. Feature matching is executed with the computation of the hamming distance between the feature points, hamming distance is high for more discriminative feature elements. Mapping of feature points is achieved with Homography computation. Distortions of an image can be corrected with image warping process. Robust corner points and corner point vectors are calculated for each input image followed by the number of matching points of corresponding consecutive images validate the effectiveness of FAST and FREAK algorithms. A comparison of traditional algorithms like Scale Invariant Features Transform (SIFT), Speed Up Robust Features (SURF) shows that our experimental results with FAST and FREAK are more accurate, faster and robust.

In day to day, the Object Liveness Detection for Genuine Face recognition becoming a challenging task in security systems which is important in many real time applications such as User Authentication, Object Identification, Object Recognition, Object live detection, genuine face identification and many more. From many decades, the existing systems and proposed systems for Genuine Object Face recognition and Anti-Spoofing Classifier is accomplished to detect liveness of the object with the help of object features and finds spoofing attacks on all subjects. However, by considering the various individual differences between several objects, the ordinary classifier cannot simplifies well to all objects. In order to overcome this problem, we proposed a Combined HOG-LPQ with Fuz-SVM classifier for Object Liveness Detection, allows to select specific object based on Region of Interest (ROI) and extract features of ROI, so that it will reduce the complexity in feature extraction and then recognises face, later on it check for spoofing attacks using Fuzzy logic based SVM classifier which is specifically trained for each object, and also avoids the interferences between several objects. In addition of all possible rare and uncommon fake samples, the proposed system also includes blur objects. The proposed Combined HOG-LPQ with Fuz-SVM classifier for Object Liveness Detection makes it practical to train well performed individual Object to its certain face with liveness detection. We performed experiments on various real time objects with exiting data base; the details are discussed in the prospect of the proposed approach.

Steganography is knowledge of embedding the secrete information inside the host medium. Due to less security and embedding efficiency, some steganography algorithms can be effortlessly distinguished by steganalytical detectors. A secure data embedding scheme Polynomial based Hash Least Significant Bit (PHLSB) method is developed. Polynomial equations are powerful mathematical tool. These equations were used as secret key for hiding data in the cover object. The tentative results prove that the proposed method accomplishes high embedding capacity, less perceptual transparency. The PSNR and SC of stego object have good values, almost similar to the original object.

Objectives: In present days, as the technology improves day by day, every one seems to automate most of the possible things to take advantage in providing ease in life. The main objective of this paper is to develop project which monitors the weather with temperature, pressure and humidity values. Method: The proposed method is to build our very own weather dashboard, using Raspberry pi SenseHat and wifiusb nano adapter which captures the weather inside and outside of house over time and sends the data to ThingSpeak. Findings: The code used for the proposed method is developed in python language, which is a default programming language provided by Raspberry Pi and Store’s the results in new channel API Thing speak key, which is an IoT application. Improvements: The reliability of the proposed work can be further improved by using Wireless Sensor Nodes at different places.

Steganography is a type of secrete communication that hides the secrete information. It deals with the different ways of hiding/embedding the secrete information such as text, image, audio or video files inside another multimedia files with the help of private key. The hidden information is termed as secrete file and the file in which the secrete file is hidden is termed as cover file. The file represents the multimedia files such as text, image, audio or video. The obtained embedded file is said to be stego file. In this paper, the various steganographic techniques used for hiding the secrete file inside the cover file have been discussed.

Image Mosaicing is a technique of combining multiple partial scene images of a scene to form a large image that contains total information of every partial image. The partial images are taken at different views, from different sensors in real-time. Scale Invariant Feature Transform algorithm utilized to implement feature detection and feature extraction for feature vectors. Feature matching is obtained with Euclidean distance between feature vectors. Homography matrix is computed to map the feature points of one image with the feature points of another image. Image warping is a technique used to creative purpose and changes the geometrical values of an image. Artifacts of an image can be reduced with Blending process. Histogram equalization is implemented to reduce artifacts and seams of a mosaic image. This paper depicts an implementation of Mosaicing with a real-time images of a scene and calculated various parameters like scaling, rotation and affine. Horizontal and vertical real-time Mosaicing is executed with different images and calculated their elapsed time and PSNR.

Image Mosaicing is a method of combining two or more images into a single set of large image. Mosaic image is created from a partial views to obtain large view of a scene and it has many applications. This paper discusses a review on distinct algorithms of feature detectors and descriptors. Typically five phases are included in an Image Mosaicing. They are: Feature Extraction, Image Registration, Homography Computation, Image Warping and Blending. The Feature Extraction can be done by using multiple corner detector algorithms. Many feature Descriptors are discussed with necessary equations. Homography can be estimated by different methods, like RANSAC-Random Sample Consensus, LMS-Least median of squares and Hough Transform. Image Warping used for creative purposes and corrects the distort images. Image Blending is the technique to minimize artifacts of the mosaic imageby modifying the image gray levels to appear richvicinity of an output image

Radiation is responsible for heat transfer from fuel rods to the Pressure tube during loss of coolant. The temperature distribution of the pressure tube is obtained through experimental test runs. A Finite Difference Method and ANSYS are applied to predict the axial temperature distribution and its effect on a pressure tube by incorporating the radiative and convective boundary conditions. The results obtained using FDM and ANSYS are compared well with the experimental results. Prediction of the temperature distribution of a cylindrical pressure tube, heated by conjugate conduction and radiation from inside of it that is cooled by natural convection and radiation from outside, are reported in this paper. Pressure tube is subjected to the higher temperature at top and lower temperature at bottom. These two extreme temperatures are input to the FDM and ANSYS software. The comparison is made with the experimental results and agreement between the mathematical model (FDM) and the ANSYS results is very good. General Terms Mathematical model, CAD model and result comparison with experimental setup.

Often fins are required to operate under the hostile environments i.e., high temperatures and corrosion environment. Due to this the life of the fin is questionable. To protect it, an anti-hostile coating material is used like Zinc, Zink alloys, Silver, Cu, Mg etc, there by the life of the fin can be increased and efficiency also. In this paper the Gardener‟s expression for one material fin is deduced for a bi-material fin, by changing only the value of one parameter (temperature distribution). The efficiency of the fin is calculated for various thickness of coating material Zinc and Zinc Alloy. The efficiencies are compared with the normal fin. The study also includes the effect of the temperature variation, which exists along the fin, from base to tip and convective heat transfer coefficient variation on efficiency of the fin. Numerical simulations have been done using ANSYS software by varying thickness of Zinc and its alloy for a normal fin. The simulation results have been compared with the analytical solutions. General Terms C = Fin thickness (m) h = Convection coefficient (w/mk) I0 = Modified Bessel function of the first kind and of order zero I1 = Modified Bessel function of the first kind and of order one. K0 = Modified Bessel function of the second kind and of order zero. K1 = Modified Bessel function of the second kind and of order one. Rb = Fin base radius (m) Rc = extremity radius (m) z = Abscissa  = Temperature distribution parameter for a one material fin [m] 2 = Temperature distribution parameter for a bi-material fin [m] b = Basic fin efficiency (%) c = Coated fin efficiency (%)