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Background. Radical surgeries for phlegmons, abscesses, necrotizing infection are often followed by extensive wounds which require an individual approach to their rapid closure by means of plastic surgery methods. In such a case, the optimal wound therapy is primary healing with the use of vacuum therapy.Cases description. The study involved three clinical trials of patients with acute purulent-necrotic diseases of soft tissues of various localizations, volumes and grades, for which vacuum therapy was used as a part of complex therapy. Surgical interventions are proved to be urgently performed in acute purulent-necrotic diseases. Early reconstructive skin and bone plastic surgery aimed at closing post-operative wound defects is also very important.Conclusion. In the demonstrated clinical cases, the purulent process was stopped and wound therapy was performed by means of primary healing, which undoubtedly ensures medical and social rehabilitation of such patients. Notably, vacuum drainage is not an independent method, but an important component in the complex active surgical treatment of purulent wounds.

Colorectal cancer ranks third after breast cancer in terms of incidence and second after lung cancer in terms of mortality.Management of rectal cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach, with the surgical management playing the main role. There are currently three resective techniques that complement the traditional open surgery: laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery, and transanal total mesorectal excision.Rectal cancer in elderly patients is particularly hard to diagnose and treat surgically due to multiple comorbidities and limited functional reserve. Treatment of such patients may be associated with poorer outcomes after both open and minimally invasive surgery.This article reviews the current state of advances in minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer in general and in elderly patients in particular.

Relevance. The problem of organizing and providing emergency medical care during the medical evacuation of seriously injured in emergency situations who received burns remains relevant up to the present time. The effectiveness of the intensive care performed at the prehospital stage significantly affects the condition of patients and the outcome of the treatment. A fairly effective and safe way to evacuate victims in critical condition, including those with burns, is the use of air ambulance. At the same time, the preparation and management of patients subject to air medical transportation requires solving a number of problems during the flight.Intention. To analyze the results of the organization and implementation of intensive care over the past 8 years in seriously injured people with burns after emergencies during aeromedical evacuation by a light-class helicopter.Methodology. We analyzed data from the automated information and analytical system “Disaster Medicine of the city of Moscow” of the Moscow Territorial Scientific and Practical Center of Disaster Medicine (CEMP) of the Department of Healthcare of the City of Moscow concerning medical evacuation of patients with burns over the past 8 years (2014–2021). Historical, statistical, analytical methods were used in the study.Results and Discussion. The main causes of thermal injury are fires, which rank third in the number of events and the number of victims, and first in the number of deaths. In the structure of victims with thermal trauma, 26 % were in extremely serious and serious condition, of which 2 % needed artificial lung ventilation and tracheal intubation. Indications and features of artificial lung ventilation with tracheal intubation were determined for victims with thermal burns who were subject to medical evacuation by a light-class ambulance helicopter.Conclusion. Aeromedical transportation of a burn patient with adequate therapy is relatively safe and prognostically more effective compared to other methods of medical evacuation. When using flight crews with little experience in providing emergency medical care to victims with large burns, special attention should be paid to resuscitation and maintaining euthermia (maintaining human body temperature).

Relevance. The use of ultrasound diagnostics at the place of providing medical care to an urgent patient is one of the promising directions in the development of emergency medicine. At the same time, of particular interest is the possibility of using diagnostic ultrasound in an ambulance helicopter, given the lack of clear algorithms and standards for its application, as well as the limited number of publications on this problem.Intention. Analysis of publications on the use of urgent ultrasound examination in an ambulance helicopter.Methodology. A search was made for scientific publications on the topic on the electronic resource PubMed, in the Google Scholar search system for the period from 2000 to 2021.Results and discussion. The main algorithms used for ultrasound diagnostics of an urgent patient in an ambulance helicopter are Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST), point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), Rapid Ultrasound in SHock (RUSH), Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Emergency (BLUЕ), prehospital ultrasonography (PHUS), etc. They help exclude damage to vital organs and emergency pathology – pneumo- and hemothorax, hemoperitoneum, hemopericardium, large fractures and others that affect the tactics of treatment and patient routing; there is also the possibility of ultrasound navigation for a number of medical and diagnostic procedures. According to the results of published studies and clinical observations, prehospital ultrasound examination of urgent patients is successfully used during medical evacuation by an ambulance helicopter in emergency medical services in many countries of the world (both by doctors and other medical personnel), making it possible to diagnose a number of lifethreatening conditions with a fairly high accuracy, without loss of time and without damage to patient’s health. An important aspect of the successful application of the method during flight is the training of qualified personnel. The prospects for the development of the method are the development of more advanced ultrasound scanners and sensors adapted to flight conditions, as well as the use of telemedicine technologies for remote analysis of ultrasound images.Conclusion. The experience of using prehospital diagnostic ultrasound in an ambulance helicopter requires further data accumulation and systematic analysis, but the method is already undoubtedly useful in determining the tactics of treatment and the route of hospitalization of urgent patients with acute trauma and a number of other pathological conditions.

Relevance. Mortality from accidents, poisoning, acute diseases and injuries in Russia and the world remains high. For a number of urgent conditions, fast medical evacuation to a medical facility and prompt specialized care are critical. In a metropolis, there are a number of features that limit the work of ambulance ground teams (AGT). Intention. To analyze medical evacuation of patients to a hospital in a metropolis (the city of Moscow as an example) using ground transportation, with its shortcomings and limitations. Methodology. Patterns prehospital and early hospital mortality of patients in need of emergency medical care were analyzed, main reasons for the fastest possible transportation to a specialized hospital were determined. The statistics of road traffic accidents involving ambulances in Moscow for 2019-2020 were analyzed. Average traffic loads in Moscow for the period of 2017-2019 were estimated. Cases of rendering emergency medical care to Muscovites outside the city and in places without a road transport system were analyzed. Results and Discussion. The main causes of death before arrival of ambulance teams are blood loss of various origins (28 %), burn shock (6 %), poisoning with various substances (31 %), traumatic brain injury and stroke (12 %), acute coronary syndrome (7 %) and a number of other conditions. If resuscitation measures are required, risks of death increase by 10.7 % for every 10 minutes of waiting for an ambulance. One-day outcomes were influenced by time to hospital admission for cardiovascular diseases (26.9-30.1 % mortality rate ); diseases and injuries of the central nervous system, i.e. stroke, head injury (25.2-25.5 % mortality rate); internal bleeding (12.6-15.2 % mortality rate). In Moscow in 2019, an average of 2.8 ambulance vehicles got into road accidents daily. This probability amounted to 2.78 x10-3 and was 2.5 times higher than for other vehicles (1.11 x10-3). The main restrictions for ground transportation in a metropolis are as follows: unpredictable traffic conditions increase time to hospital admission, difficulty transporting patients from remote areas, including off-road locations. Conclusion. When urgent patients are admitted to a specialized hospital by road in a metropolis, there are a number of restrictions that must be taken into account when organizing emergency medical care. The main potential risks of increased time to hospital admission in Moscow is unpredictable road traffic.

Background. Wounds of various aetiology are among the most frequent traumatic injuries. A prospective route to improve treatment of this nosology is the development of novel or advancement of the already on-stage dressing materials.Objectives. A comparative experimental assay of novel chitosan-based wound dressings in the healing of soft tissue wounds of different genesis using ultrasound to control biodegradation of the developed dosage form.Methods. Soft tissue wounds were modelled in experimental animals, conventional and lineage male rats, 275 (± 25) g body weight, and male rabbits, 2,900 (± 150) g weight, using a proprietary methodology (Patent on invention RU No. 2703709 dated 23 August, 2018).Two wound dressing samples selected as most promising and applicable in large-volume soft tissue aseptic wounds were tested in the final step of experiment. Ultrasound imaging of the model wound area during the sample material biodegradation was used to control the wound process in more detail. At all steps of experiment, animal models were handled in compliance with GOST 33044-2014 “Principles of Good Laboratory Practice”.Histomorphological assays were carried out with common protocols. Variation statistics was used for the data analysis, including the mean (M) and standard mean error (± m) estimation. The level of statistical significance was p < 0.05.Results. The animal assays and comprehensive evaluation of the obtained data revealed a high healing efficacy of chitosan-based wound coatings. The analyses of wound dressing samples have confirmed their predesigned properties: scaffold stability, capillarity, biodegradability and matrix capacities for the carried drug delivery.Additionally, ultrasound was proved effective to estimate dynamics of the coated wound healing and biopolymer biodegradation processes.Conclusion. The developed chitosan-based wound dressings exhibited efficacy in an experimental model of the soft tissues wound process.The use of ultrasound to study dynamics of the wound process and coating biodegradation provided an adequate congruence between the imaging and tissue histomorphology data, as well as the structure and properties of coating material.

INTRODUCTION Based on the Ministry of Emergency Situations data megapolises note an annual increase of the emergency situations (ES). The increase of an urban population in Russia up to 73% results in considerable human victims in big cities due to thermal injuries among others.THE AIM of the present research is to analyze the structure of ES victims and the efficiency of the organization of a medical care for victims with thermal injuries in Moscow in 2016–2018.MATERIAl AND METHODS We have held a retrospective analysis of 113 cases of patients of a Burn Center of Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department, and have studies the data of an automated informational analytical system named “Emergency Medicine” for 2016 2018.RESUlTS For an absolute number of victims, fires are on the third place among different emergencies in Moscow, but on the pre­hospitalization stage, the biggest number of deaths are registered (38,2%). The number of patients with thermal injuries reaches 31% among all the patients in hospitals. We note a multi­factor and a combined character of injuries characterized by a high mortality rate (9,8%).CONClUSION A present system of medical help for patients with thermal injuries, from the moment of ES fact to the hospitalization to multidisciplinary treatment­and­prophylactic organizations having an experience of specialized medical services, is a reliable and effective element of the health system.

The tissue reaction of pig skin to implantation of decellularized and recellularized dermal matrices on a formed wound defect was evaluated by histological methods on days 2, 5, 8, 16, and 20 after surgery. Differences in tissue response to different matrices were identified. In experimental wounds coated with decellularized dermal matrices, we observed the formation of a scar tissue, which required autodermoplasty on day 12 of the experiment. In wounds coated with recellularized dermal matrices, all layers of the skin completely recovered by day 20 after surgery with the formation of full dermal and epidermal layers. Our findings suggest that reparative morphological changes in the wound depend on the presence of fibroblasts in the implanted dermal matrix.

The article presents the experience of using the staff management structure in the conditions of redesigning a multi-specialty hospital into an infectious hospital for providing medical care to patients with a new coronavirus infection. For example, one of the largest hospitals providing specialized medical care during coronavirus infection, proven effectiveness staff management structure as the most optimal for the purposes of redesigning and further use against the growing epidemic Covid‑19.

Relevance. Due to busy roads of large cities and the resulting slow movement of ambulances with severely affected patients in need of specialized emergency care, new organizational technologies for medical evacuation support as well as modern means of transporting patients to qualified hospitals are required.Intention is to analyze activities of the aviation medical teams of the Scientific and Practical Center for Emergency Medical Care in Moscow in 2015-2019.Methodology. Using the automated information-analytical system “Disaster Medicine of the Moscow City”, activities of aviation medical teams over the last 5 years (2015-2019) were analyzed retrospectively in the Scientific and Practical Center of Emergency Medical Care. Ambulance helicopters are fully equipped to provide comprehensive intensive care for severely affected patients without noticeable deterioration of their condition, and utilization of this equipment was also assessed.Results and Discussion. Main stages of air ambulance formation in Moscow are described. Experience of aviation medical teams over the past 5 years in providing emergency medical care at the pre-hospital stage to those affected in emergency situations and severely ill patients is presented. The description of medical equipment of ambulance helicopters intended for providing emergency medical care to adults and children, including newborns, is given. The number of calls for aviation medical teams over the past five years is provided along with basic reasons and amount of night flights.Most often helicopters were used for transporting patients with severe concomitant and multiple injuries as a result of road accidents. Medical team composition of ambulance helicopters and the number of helipads on the territory of medical organizations of the city and the territories attached to Moscow are given.Conclusion. Based on the analysis of aviation medical teams activities, further ways to improve and develop the aviation medical service of the city of Moscow can be outlined to expand its use.

The problem of treating wounds of various origins remains one of the most urgent. Working with a wound defect is one of the main components of the healing process, due to the need to find the most effective methods for treating wounds and caring for them.Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, limited access of students to health care facilities makes it impossible or difficult to teach local wound healing skills in real patients. Under these conditions, one of the options for solving this problem is the use of experimental biological models for practical training.

The tissue reaction of pig skin to implantation of decellularized and recellularized dermal matrices on a formed wound defect was evaluated by histological methods on days 2, 5, 8, 16, and 20 after surgery. Differences in tissue response to different matrices were identified. In experimental wounds coated with decellularized dermal matrices, we observed the formation of a scar tissue, which required autodermoplasty on day 12 of the experiment. In wounds coated with recellularized dermal matrices, all layers of the skin completely recovered by day 20 after surgery with the formation of full dermal and epidermal layers. Our findings suggest that reparative morphological changes in the wound depend on the presence of fibroblasts in the implanted dermal matrix.

Introduced in the article the way of correction of metabolic distresses can be utilised in an intensive care surgical ill with a syndrome of diabetic foot. Nature of a way is the recovery normal of frame of serum of a blood for ill with diabetic foot, improvement of processes of microcirculation in tissues and normalization of parameters of exchange processes in an organism during indirect electrochemical oxidation of a blood.

The article tells about the old legendary tutors of pediatric department of the Kuban state medical university. It covers the history of the development departments, which worked as a teacher, showed a huge contribution to the development of domestic and foreign medical science.

In modern herniology tension free technic of hernia repair is a leading, thanks mainly to fewer recurrences. However, hernia repair breaks anatomy and functionality of the anterior abdominal wall, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of life of patients. Objective: To analyze the quality of life of patients after hernia repair ventral hernias. Materials and Methods: The analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 199 patients with ventral hernias after hernia repair in 6 months. For the study used questionnaires quality of life using the SF-36 form. Results: characteristics of each operation, positive and negative, are reflected in the indices of physical and mental health of the survey. Conclusions: onlay, inlay methods of hernia repair are characterized by the best indicators of physical health in the late postoperative period. Methods sublayplastics have a greater impact on the health of the patient in the postoperative period. However, mental health indicators surpass a simple hernia repair techniques.

The study describes the microbiological state of the patients with phlegmon of the maxillofacial scope. Most of the samples contained Staphylococcus aureus (52,63%). A lot of them produced beta-lactamase and were resistant to penicillin unprotected with inhibitors. Most effective antibiotics, tested during the study, were: azithromycin (90,24%), clindamycin (78,05%) and ciprofloxacin (75,61%).

There were examined 132 patients in the age of 29-77 years old. Morphological features of abnormal shape or position of gallbladder were detected at 26.9% of patients with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, and this may contribute to the formation of gallstones.

The study included 132 patients with cholelithiasis (108 women and 24 men) aged 29 to 77 years. Mean age of patients 53,9 ± 12,8 years. In 63 (47,7%) patients with cholelithiasis clinical signs undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia of varying severity. Of these, 34% of patients detected abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract. In 26,9% of patients with cholelithiasis diagnosed NDCTD anomalies identified various shapes and positions of the gallbladder.

Starting from March 27, 2020, in accordance with the Organizational Sanitary-Epidemic (Preventive) Measures Plan aimed at prevention of the outbreak and spread of infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Moscow, according to the order of the Moscow City Health Department of March 27, 2020 No 302 On the Organization of the Department In the Filatov State Clinical Hospital No 15 charged with hospitalization of patients and contact persons arriving from the countries with registered cases of coronavirus infection COVID-19, the Filatov State Clinical Hospital No 15, was reprofiled to treat patients with viral pneumonia, including COVID confirmed infection State Clinical Hospital named after Filatov was repurposed to admit patients with viral pneumonia, including those confirmed by COVID infection Difficulties that arose in connection with the re-profiling of the treatment and diagnostic process, compliance with sanitary and epidemiological rules in respect of patients or persons in contact with patients with new coronavirus infection required the mobilization of all forces and resources of the hospital, additional equipment, procurement of non-core drugs The article describes the experience of the first month of the reception department in converting a multidisciplinary hospital into an infectious disease hospital © 2020, Media Sphera Publishing Group All rights reserved

The method of definition of neutrophils' reactivity reserve (difference in spontaneous light sum (DSLS-test)) and the method of diagnosing of pancreatonecrosis' clinical course is offered. 59 patients with the acute destructive pancreatitis (38 patients of them with pyoinflammatory complications) have been examined. The determination of the DSLS-test values 19,9 plus more unit and less than minus 22,1 unit evidence of the development of purulent-inflammatory complications of acute pancreatitis with a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the method 89,4%, 90,5% и 89,8% respectively.

The study describes the automatic algorithm for image analysis based on software Cellprofiler. For the main example of the principal implementation of the analysis process agar culture swabs of Staphylococcus aureus were taken. The proposed algorithms of recognition of microbial elements were verified and showed a significantly higher efficiency compared to the visual method of counting by the laboratory specialist.

The use of foreign materials in modern herniology, on the one hand, reduces the number of recurrences, and on the other - increases the risk of several complications: profuse exudation and possible infection in the postoperative wound, extensive cicatricial deformation of a zone of operations, persistent pain syndrome and possible reduced fertility in men. In the experiment 30 rats were studied influence of drugs «mesogel®» and «iodopiron» in the course of wound process during operations using mesh explant. Histological methods were evaluated the usefulness of the formation of connective tissue, degree of involvement in cicatricial process is located in the area of operation of tissues and structures. Compared with the control group of animals is set to a relatively low density and fewer collagen fibers. In the control group of animals had a marked proliferative response in the surrounding tissue prosthesis, gross deformity and involvement in the scar process near structures.

Automated image analysis methods are highly important for biotechnology research. The authors developed and tested a program for the morphometric analysis of photomicrographs of the sections processed using the standard immunohistochemical examination protocols. The color deconvolution method used in the algorithm was proven to be effective in mapping the distribution of DAB chromogen in the sample containing multiple dyes. The experiment demonstrated that the level of extracellular matrix proteins could be comparatively quantified in different groups of samples. The effective methods for the quantitative analysis of the Ki-67 labelling index were also tested using the same algorithms. The developed program was published under free GPL 3.0.Автоматизированные методы анализа изображения являются весьма актуальными в биотехнологических исследованиях. Авторы разработали и протестировали программу для морфометрического анализа микрофотографий срезов, обработанных по стандартным протоколам иммуногистохимического исследования. Метод цветовой деконволюции, использованный в алгоритме, оказался эффективным для выделения карты распределения DAB-хромогена в образце, содержащем несколько красителей. В эксперименте продемонстрирована возможность сравнительного количественного анализа содержания белков внеклеточного матрикса в различных группах образцов. Также была протестирована эффективная методика количественного анализа индекса метки Ki-67 с использованием тех же алгоритмов. Разработанная программа опубликована под свободной лицензией GPL 3,0.

To develop pathogenetically justified surgical treatment of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy (DNOAP).52 patients were operated and long-term results were studied in 36 of them. 2 groups were assessed depending on completeness of surgical treatment including changed synovial structures removal. Tarso-metatarsal arthrodesis was created after synovectomy in median foot to restore longitudinal arch. Cruro-calcaneal neoarthrosis was performed after elimination of posterior focus of DNOAP. Excision of large, deep plantar ulcer (or osteomyelitic fistula) was completed by tissues tension with needles for primary wound healing.DNOAP patients are tolerant against surgical infection that is decreased in patients with neuropathic form of diabetic foot syndrome. Skin plasty is followed by rejection in DNOAP that was cured with prednisolone. Deep suppurations complicating foot skeleton fragmentation have subacute course and do not lead to sepsis. Infected wounds heal by primary intention in 98% after closure with primary suture. It was empirically found that synovectomy and osteochondral detritus removal discontinue DNOAP course. Reconstructive surgical stage is aimed to restoring the shape and function of the foot. Analysis of long-term outcomes showed absence of DNOAP signs in 76.2±9.2% of cases after radical surgery and positive results of treatment in 97.2±2.7% of patients.Our data conceptually assume the possibility of autoimmune mechanism in DNOAP pathogenesis. On this basis pathogenetically reasonable surgical procedures are established to interrupt pathological process. These interventions differ by technological aspects only depending on middle or rear foot destruction.Цель. Разработать патогенетически обоснованное оперативное лечение диабетической нейроостеоартропатии (ДНОАП). Материал и методы. Прооперированы 52 больных, а у 36 изучены отдаленные результаты. В зависимости от полноты хирургической обработки (ХО), включающей удаления измененных синовиальных структур, созданы 2 группы наблюдений. Для восстановления продольного свода после синовэктомии в срединном отделе стопы, выполняли тарзо-метатарзальный артродез. После ликвидации очага задней ДНОАП, формировали голенно-пяточный неоартроз. Иссечение большой, глубокой плантарной язвы, превратившейся в остеомиелитический свищ, завершали спицевой тензией тканей, что обеспечивало заживление операционной раны по типу первичного натяжения. Результаты. У больных ДНОАП выявлена толерантность к хирургической инфекции, сниженная у пациентов с нейропатической формой СДС. Кожная пластика вызывает при ДНОАП реакцию отторжения, которую купировали преднизолоном. Глубокие нагноения, осложняющие фрагментацию скелета стопы, протекают подостро и не приводят к сепсису. Инфицированные раны, закрытые после ХО первичным швом, в 98% случаев заживают первичным натяжением. Эмпирически установлено, что при ДНОАП синовэктомия и удаление костно-хрящевого детрита, прерывают течение заболевания. Реконструктивный этап операции направлен на восстановление формы и функции стопы. Обследование в отдалённые сроки 36 пациентов установило, что у радикально оперированных признаки ДНОАП в 76,2±9,2% случаев исчезают, а положительные результаты лечения можно выявить у 97,2±2,7% больных. Приведенные факты концептуально допускают возможность аутоиммунного механизма в патогенезе ДНОАП. На этой базе созданы патогенетически обоснованные хирургические операции, способные абортировать патологический процесс. В зависимости от поражения срединных или задних структур стопы, эти вмешательства различаются только технологически.

The article describes new device for non-invasive (transcutaneous) pulsed UV-irradiation of blood «Ekosvet1». Possible mechanisms of its therapeutic effects. Are indications, contraindications, and the first positive clinical results. Shows numerical values and calculations of dose treatments. Describes an experiment to determine the transmission device radiation skin and tissues of the human body results confirming the passage of pulsed light device through living tissue thickness of 9 mm. Prospects for research and application of the device, its improvement and development of new modifications for both clinics.

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone prolongs the bactericidal effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) by 25–30 times. The antibacterial activity of immobilized NaOCl depends on the polymer concentration in the solution. Excess of polyvinyl pyrrolidone leads to blockade of active groups and reduces NaOCl activity.

The results are presented of an experimental investigation of the temporal drift and the hydrogen response of five types of integrated semiconductor sensors with palladium films, and a refined model is proposed for the hydrogen sensitivity of sensors with a palladium-insulator-semiconductor structure.

The bactericidal doses (BD99) of antiseptics which reduce the number of viableBacillus subtilis 720 by 2–3 orders of magnitude in 15 min have been determined. A new method for prelysis treatment of bacilli has been developed. Chlorhexidine is shown to be harmless forB. subtilis ribosomes and to act upon their cell wall and membrane. The studied antiseptics clearly fall into two groups in terms of their capacity to facilitate the lysis of bacilli.

Experimental data on the stability of the metrological characteristics of integral hydrogen sensors based on Pd-gate MIS transistors in long-term service are presented.

Data are presented on inclusive π0 production in the forward c.m. hemisphere (x F >0.025) in π+p,K+p andpp interactions at 250 GeV/c. These data are compared to results at other energies and interpreted in terms of quark-parton models.

Sodium succinate improves the survival of a skin graft in mice, rats, and dogs normalizes histamine and serotonin concentrations in the epidermis and blood, exhibits antitoxic activity, improves microcirculation in the skin, brain, heart, kidneys, and testes without any appreciable effect on systemic arterial pressure, cardiac function, and liver blood flow in rats.

Sodium succinate was found to increase the viability of epithelial cells in autodermic transplants. It stimulated the proliferation of epidermal cells of the basal layer, enhanced the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase, intensified the formation of keratin, and activated the ingrowth of blood vessels through the generation of functioning endothelial cells.

In different models of arrhythmia, the local anesthetic rihlocaine (rinocaine) exhibits a higher (or comparable) antiarrhythmic activity and therapeutic spectrum than that of lidocaine. Antiarrhythmic activity of rihlocaine may be associated with its effect on sodium and, to a greater extent, on calcium channels.