Search

Aim: to analyze the first neurological manifestation in patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Material and methods. The appeals from physicians who suspected TTP were included in the study. The neurological symptoms in 40 patients with TTP were also analyzed. Results. Among 208 physician appeals about the suspicion of TTP and the referral of plasma samples for testing of ADAMTS13 activity, there were 2% of neurologists. The diagnosis of TTP was confirmed in 40 patients. 9 (22.5%) had no neurological symptoms, and 31 (77.5%) had neurological disorders. Patients with neurological symptoms were older than patients without neurological symptoms (median 37 years and 31 years, p = 0.006). Neurological symptoms were less frequently observed in pregnancy-associated TTP (p = 0.008). Among neurological symptoms there were speech disorders (40%), headache (30%), cognitive deficits (32.5%), depression of consciousness (22.5%), paresis (25%), sensation disorders (20.5%), seizures (10%). Magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography (MRI/CT) revealed ischemic stroke in 47.5%, hemorrhagic stroke in 15%. In 6 patients, despite neurological symptoms, no pathology was detected with MRI/CT. In 4 patients, in the absence of neurological symptoms, MRI/CT revealed ischemic foci in the brain. 8 patients died: 2 patients died from sepsis, 6 - from ischemic stroke. In surviving patients, neurological symptoms regressed after remission. Conclusion. Neurological symptoms are detected in most patients with TTP. Brain MRI/CT should be performed in all patients with TTP

The article presents a methodological development for increasing the perception of information about theintellectual heritage of outstanding scientists, culture and society on the example of a thematic collection of open access onthe Internet, which is formed in the link “leading expert-library staff ” on the example of Kazan University. The author actsas a leading expert. The volume of the collection is limited to 11 persons in the range of IXХ–XXI centuries. Among thepersons are the founders of the geobotanical tradition in Russia: P. N. Krylov, S. I. Korzhinsky, A. Ya. Gordyagin, V. I. Baranov, M. V. Markov, E. L. Lyubarsky. The collection is designed for a significant number of electronic exhibits (text, photos, scans, video, audio). The electronic archive is being formed. The structure of the site-guide to the collection is presented. Examples of generalization of the intellectual heritage of a person are given on the example of Professor E. L. Lyubarsky(tabular forms: “Periods of professional activity”, “Analysis of scientific and practical activities”, “Methodological developments”). The algorithm-guide to the collection is based on a scientific research on the topic: “Evgeny Leonidovich Lyubarsky, Honored Professor of Kazan University from the galaxy of founders of the Kazan botanical tradition: history, biography, contribution to science.” The collection format is designed to: 1) increase the reliability of information on the Internet; 2) the rehabilitation of the names of prominent Russian botanists in the international names of plants; 3) propagandaof methodological developments of botanists of Kazan University; 4) raising the cultural level of readers on a global scale.

The myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) holds a special place among blood cancers, as it represents a whole spectrum of hematological disorders with impaired differentiation of hematopoietic precursors, bone marrow dysplasia, genetic instability and is noted for an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia. Both genetic and epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in MDS development. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that are important regulators of normal hematopoiesis, and abnormal changes in their expression levels can contribute to hematological tumor development. To assess the prognosis of the disease, an international assessment system taking into account a karyotype, the number of blast cells, and the degree of deficiency of different blood cell types is used. However, the overall survival and effectiveness of the therapy offered are not always consistent with predictions. The search for new biomarkers, followed by their integration into the existing prognostic system, will allow for personalized treatment to be performed with more precision. Additionally, this paper explains how miRNA expression levels correlate with the prognosis of overall survival and response to the therapy offered.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an important regulator of the main cellular processes. The components of the UPS are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, signal transduction, the cell response to DNA damage, metabolism, and transcription control. E3 ubiquitin ligases (the enzymes that covalently attaches ubiquitin to target proteins) play a key role in the functioning of the UPS. The Drosophila tumor suppressor Hyd (hyperplastic discs) is one of the most interesting E3 ligases; it is required for the regulation of proliferation, growth, and cell differentiation. The study of hyd mutations in different tissues of Drosophila demonstrated that depending on the cellular context, Hyd can not only perform proteolytic functions associated with protein degradation, but can also, interacting with other proteins and/or nucleic acids, act as an important regulator of cellular processes.

Acute myocardial infarction during pregnancy is a threatening complication with high maternal and perinatal mortality. According to the literature, hereditary thrombophilia is commonly associated with obstetric disorders and susceptibility to venous thrombosis, whereas arterial part of the vasculature, including coronary, is rarely involved. The article describes two clinical cases of pregnant women with acute myocardial infarction and post-infarction cardiosclerosis, in whom hereditary thrombophilia, associated with the gene PAI-1-675 polymorphism, was diagnosed. Mothers of both patients had suffered myocardial infarction at a young age, while past history of only one pregnant woman was remarkable for multiple perinatal losses. Myocardial infarction may manifest with intense headache mirroring systemic angiospasm.Based on the clinical observations of acute myocardial infarction in pregnancy, one could conclude that measurements of troponin levels that might be false negative should be done repeatedly, while the signs of transmural myocardial injury at ECG can evolve into those of an intramural myocardial infarction. Miscarriage and fetoplacental insufficiency have been found in the patients with combination of hereditary thrombophilia and myocardial injury. Coronary artery damage in pregnant women can be the result of hereditary thrombophilia, most often associated with the PAI-1-675 gene polymorphism, as well as its combination with the heterozygous state of other genes.The absence of past perinatal losses and venous thromboembolism in pregnant women with myocardial infarction does not exclude hereditary thrombophilia, and additional work-up of the patient and the proband family is mandatory to exclude the underlying pathology. The course of myocardial infarction may not require an intracoronary intervention, and treatment may consist of non-fractionated or low molecular weight heparin and calcium antagonists.

The article reviewed the data of an old experiment with Potentilla anserina in planting with a density of1, 5 and 9 ind./ m2, conducted in 1996 under natural climatic conditions on stationary sites. The study was conductedin innovative Concept “Polycentric Mmodel of Plant.” Changes in the growth indicators of the polycentric system ofthe plant from June to October were revealed in connection with seasonal changes in the climatic factor. This is thesum of the temperatures and the amount of precipitation between the periods of control observations of the plant. Themost favorable weather conditions for the formation of shoot-formation centers, mineral-nutrition centers and generationcenters as elements of Polycentric Model of Plant are determined. The maximum number of stolons, shoot-formationcenters, mineral-nutrition centers, and generation centers has been determined that can actively function on an area of 4square meters in plantings of different densities.

The process of regulated cell death (RCD), as well as proliferation and differentiation, is an important and integral part of the development of any multicellular organism. There are a number of different mechanisms of RCD that can be activated in response to developmental and environmental signals. In this review, we focus on the new insights into the main cellular events and molecular mechanisms characterizing different cell death pathways during oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. During Drosophila oogenesis, at least five different stage-specific RCD scenarios are realized, including (1) caspase-dependent death of the germline cells (GCs) in early oogenesis, which is mediated by autophagy; (2) canonical apoptosis, which removes the excess of somatic polar cells at stages 4–5 of oogenesis; (3) RCD of mid-stage egg chambers, which begins with caspase-dependent death of GCs with the participation of autophagy and finishes with their engulfment by the surrounding follicle cells (FCs); (4) non-apoptotic RCD of late-stage nurse cells, initiated and controlled by the surrounding FCs; (5) caspase-independent death of the FCs that have fulfilled their functions through autophagy at the end of stage 14.

Hsp67Bc is a small heat shock protein found in Drosophila melanogaster. Apart from performing a function (common for all small heat shock proteins) of preventing aggregation of misfolded proteins, it is involved in macroautophagy regulation alongside the Starvin protein. Overexpression of the D. melanogaster Hsp67Bc gene has been shown to stimulate macroautophagy in S2 cell culture. Nonetheless, it has been unknown how the absence of the Hsp67Bc gene may affect it. Here, we studied the effect of an Hsp67Bc gene deletion on the macroautophagy induced by the pathogenic Wolbachia wMelPop strain in D. melanogaster. We detected Wolbachia inside autophagic vacuoles in fly neurons, thereby proving that these endosymbionts were being eliminated via macroautophagy. Nevertheless, we did not register any difference in brain bacterial load between Hsp67Bc-null and control flies at all tested stages of ontogenesis. Moreover, the abundance of autophagic vacuoles was similar between neurons of the mutant and control flies, yet the cross-sectional area of autolysosomes on ultrathin sections was more than 1.5-fold larger in Hsp67Bc-null fly brains than in the control line. Our findings suggest that the product of the Hsp67Bc gene does not participate in the initiation of endosymbiont-induced macroautophagy but may mediate autophagosome maturation: the deletion of the Hsp67Bc gene leads to the increase in autolysosome size. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

to study distribution of genes of the coagulation system, unfavorable in relation to the risk of thrombosis, and their influence on serum parameters ofthe hemostasis system in patients with nonobstructive coronary atherosclerosis (NCA) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS).We included in this nonrandomized open study patients with ACS older than 18 years with intact coronary arteries or confirmed at coronary angiography stenosislt;50%. Genotypes of these patients were analyzed by 8 polymorphic variants of the hemostatic system genes which previously were found to be associated with the thrombophilia risk: F2 (20210 Ggt;A) rs1799963, F5 (1691 Ggt;A) rs6025, F7 (10976Ggt;A) rs6046, F13 (163 Ggt;T) rs5985, F1 (-455Ggt;A) rs1800790, GP Ia - Ila (807Cgt;t) rs1126643, GP Ilb-IIIa (1565 Tgt;C) rs5918, PAI-I (-6755Ggt;4G) rs1799889. Activities of protein C, Von Willebrand factor, plasminogen, and antithrombin III were also determined.Of 913 patients with ACS in 30 (3.3%) with mean age 54±11 years we detected NCA. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was diagnosed in 24 (80%), unstable angina - in 6 (20%) patients. Only in 1 patient we found no carriage of thrombosis associated genotypes. The frequency of occurrence of the heterozygous genotype of the factor V gene was 1 (3%). Heterozygous genotype of the factor XIII was registered significantly more often in patients with present atherosclerotic lesion compared with those with intact coronary arteries. Mean activity of protein C was 103% [90; 110], antithrombin III - 96% [88; 103], Von Willebrand factor - 137% [114; 162], plasminogen - 109% [102; 112]. At admission lowering of antithrombin III and protein C activities was detected in 4 cases (13%). In dynamics level of these parameters was restored. Elevation of Von Willebrand factor activity at admission was detected in 14 cases (14%) and remained elevated one year after the index event. There was no association between of fibrinogen level, protein C activity, rs1800790 and rs6025 gene polymorphisms, respectively. One-year mortality was 7% (n=2). For one year occurred 1 AIM recurrence (3%), heart failure developed in 15 patients (50%), 11 patients (37%) were repetitively hospitalized due to all causes. No association was revealed between activity of studied blood serum markers and 1 -year outcomes (death, re-AIM, rehospitalization).Among ACS patients 3.3% had NCA, what corresponded to the literature data. Carriage of at least 1 polymorphic variant of 8 thrombosis associated genes of the coagulation system was found in 97 % of patients with ACS and NCA. Distribution of these variants was like that in the European population and in patients with AIM at the background of stenosing atherosclerosis. Level of serum markers did not depend on distribution of polymorphic variants of the coagulation system genes, and presence of atherosclerotic coronary artery lesions. There was no association between hospital and long-term outcomes and distribution of polymorphic variants of thrombosis associated coagulation system genes, as well as levels of blood serum markers.

Signs ingrained in our everyday lives have already become an integral part of our nature, although insufficiently perceived yet. The purpose of the paper is the research of signs in modern life, in particular, in tourists’ lives. The scientific review of definitions “sign”, “ethnic tourism” is presented. National signs are predictions checked by time, based on an assumption of peoples’ communication with natural phenomena, various properties of objects and events which happen to them, expressed in a short, figurative form. The national sign passes from generation to generation. Signs form behavior stereotypes in ordinary situations, promote thinking dogmatization as a certain defense mechanism preserving cultural tradition from external influence; maintain separate mythological ideas about interdependence of the nature and society. In this article national signs of Yakuts and Evenks which reflect their culture, traditions and customs are considered. Studying signs gives tourists a chance to get acquainted not only with nature, but also with original culture; to make comparisons of national characters, mentality and archetypes. Tours oriented to learning foreign traditions and customs gain more popularity nowadays. As a result ethnocultural tourism aimed at studying socio-cultural and traditional patterns, including signs, reflect the way of life of people living in extreme conditions, as well as their environmental friendliness, in the best way possible. The author concludes that preservation and revival of national signs is critical for tourists’ acquisition and the development of ethnic tourism.

The Drosophila Pnut protein belongs to the family of septins, which are conserved GTPases participating in cytokinesis and many more other fundamental cellular processes. Because of their filamentous appearance, membrane association, and functions, septins are considered as the fourth component of the cytoskeleton, along with actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. However, septins are much less studied than the other cytoskeleton elements. We had previously demonstrated that the deletion of the pnut gene leads to mitotic abnormalities in somatic cells. The goal of this work was to study the role of the pnut in Drosophila spermatogenesis. We designed a construct for pnut RNA interference allowing pnut expression to be suppressed ectopically. We analyzed the effect of pnut RNA interference on Drosophila spermatogenesis. Germline cells at the earliest stages of spermatogenesis were the most sensitive to Pnut depletion: the suppression of the pnut expression at these stages leads to male sterility as a result of immotile sperm. The testes of these sterile males did not show any significant meiotic defects; the axonemes and mitochondria were normal. We also analyzed the effect of mutations in the Pnut’s conservative domains on Drosophila spermatogenesis. Mutations in the GTPase domain resulted in cyst elongation defects. Deletions of the C-terminal domain led to abnormal testis morphology. Both the GTPase domain and C-terminal domain mutant males were sterile and produced immotile sperm. To summarize, we showed that Pnut participates in spermiogenesis, that is, the late stages of spermatogenesis, when major morphological changes in spermatocytes occur.

The Drosophila hyperplastic disc (hyd) gene is the ortholog of mammalian tumor suppressor EDD, which is implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, and its regulation is impaired in various tumors. It is a member of the highly conserved HECT family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, which directly attach ubiquitin to targeted substrates. In early works, it was shown that Drosophila Hyd may be a tumor suppressor because it is involved in the control of imaginal-disc cell proliferation and growth. In this study, we demonstrated that Hyd is also important for the regulation of female germ cell proliferation and that its depletion leads to additional germline cell mitoses. Furthermore, we revealed a previously unknown Hyd function associated with the maintenance of germ cells’ viability. A reduction in hyd expression by either mutations or RNA interference resulted in large-scale germ cell death at different stages of oogenesis. Thus, the analysis of phenotypes arising from the hyd deficiency points to Hyd’s role in the regulation of germline metabolic processes during oogenesis.

The research purpose is assessing the labor potential of the Stavropol region based on a special methodology. The following components were identified as structural elements of the labor potential: demographic; economic; educational and qualification; psychophysiological; innovative. When calculating the labor potential, the following indicators were used: the total birth rate; the total mortality rate; the coefficient of migration growth (retirement) of the population; the ratio of marriages and divorces; age dependency ratio; employment rate (%), unemployment rate (by ILO methodology, %), labour productivity index, population with money incomes below the subsistence minimum in percentage of the total population, the average monthly nominal wage per employee in the full range of organizations (ruble); life expectancy at birth (years), availability of hospital beds (per 10 thousand people of the population), the provision of population with medical workers (per 10 thousand people of the population), expenditures of the consolidated budgets of the regions of the Russian Federation on healthcare (million rubles); the number of organizations performing R&D, the number of personnel engaged in R&D, internal R&D costs, the innovative activity of organizations and the volume of innovative goods, works, services, etc. The main sources of analysis were official statistic data.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an important regulator of the main cellular processes. The components of the UPS are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, signal transduction, the cell response to DNA damage, metabolism, and transcription control. E3 ubiquitin ligases (the enzymes that covalently attaches ubiquitin to target proteins) play a key role in the functioning of the UPS. The Drosophila tumor suppressor Hyd (hyperplastic discs) is one of the most interesting E3 ligases; it is required for the regulation of proliferation, growth, and cell differentiation. The study of hyd mutations in different tissues of Drosophila demonstrated that depending on the cellular context, Hyd can not only perform proteolytic functions associated with protein degradation, but can also, interacting with other proteins and/or nucleic acids, act as an important regulator of cellular processes.

Introduction. The problem of preservation of the health of drivers is a topical for most of countries. In the process of working, the mentioned group is exposed to a complex of harmful occupational factors, that both leads to an elevated increased risk for health disorders and increases the risk of road accidents. However, in available sources it was not possible to reveal reports devoted to the study of the impact of the labor conditions of drivers on various health indices on the base of the methodology of occupational risk assessment. The aim of the study is to assess the occupational risk for drivers of specialized vehicles on the basis of indices of pathological affection, calculated on the results of periodic medical examinations. Material and Methods. As a core group there were selected truck drivers (n = 1050), as a comparison group - engineering and technical personnel of the enterprise (n = 1220), matched by age and social indices. The assessment of the occupational morbidity rate was carried out on the base of the analysis of fourfold tables with the use of c2 criteria. The assessment of the degree of the occupational dependence was executed with the calculation of risk indices in accordance with the Guidelines for Risk Assessment. Results. In the course of the study there were obtained results showing drivers to suffer most frequently from diseases of eyes (65.4%), circulatory system (46.6%) and digestive system (11.6%). The main reason for the recognition of drivers as unfit to drive vehicles is hypertension at the II stage and above (71.1%). Also, there is noted an increased occupational risk in drivers for such diseases such as hypertension at the I stage (RR=2.2, CI95%=1.8-2.8, EF=54.5%, a high degree of the relationship with the work); encephalopathy of the vascular genesis (RR = 1.6, CI95%=1.1-2.4, EF = 37.5%), moderate degree of the relationship with the work in the age of older 60 years - is very high); dorsopathies at the lumbosacral level (RR=2.9, CI95%=1.6-5.3, EF=65.7%), a high degree of the relationship with the work at the age of over 50 is almost total); sensorineural hearing loss (RR=1.2, CI95%=0.7-2.0, EF=16.4%), a low degree of the relationship with the work over the age of older 60 years - moderate); hyperopia (RR=2.1, CI95%=1.7-2.5, EF=52.4%, a high degree of the relationship with the work), which determines the priority of preventive measures in relation to these diseases. The potential effect of the preventive measures is most pronounced for the circulatory system diseases in total (NNT = 13.6) and hypertensive disease at the I stage (NNT = 10.0).

The European community of gastroenterologists in 1997 recognized GERB as "illness of the 21st century". Diseases of a respiratory tract take the leading place among all extra esophageal implications of a gastroesophageal reflux disease. Among them bronchial asthma and a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the most widespread. The study of the features of the current and modern methods of diagnosing bronchial asthma, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease is of great importance for identifying potential obstacles to effective treatment and preventing an increase in the risk of hospitalizations of patients with this co-morbid pathology. The morbidity of the pathology of the respiratory tract, combined with gastroesophageal reflux disease, is steadily growing. There is a large number of publications concerning the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, but the etiopathogenesis and the cause-and-effect relationship of these diseases remain in question. 1t is interesting to note that the syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea is not included in the list of extra-oesophageal manifestations, both probably and reliably associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (according to the Montreal Consensus, 2006), but is of great interest to researchers in recent years.

Septins belong to a family of conserved GTP-binding proteins found in majority of eukaryotic species except for higher plants. Septins form nonpolar complexes that further polymerize into filaments and associate with cell membranes, thus comprising newly acknowledged cytoskeletal system. Septins participate in a variety of cell processes and contribute to various pathophysiological states, including tumorigenesis and neurodegeneration. Here, we review the structural and functional properties of septins and the regulation of their dynamics with special emphasis on the role of septin filaments as a cytoskeletal system and its interaction with actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. We also discuss how septins compartmentalize the cell by forming local protein-anchoring scaffolds and by providing barriers for the lateral diffusion of the membrane proteins.

Актуальность. В настоящее время ретинопатия недоношенных (РН) получила широкое распространение и отличается тяжестью и быстротой прогрессирования. Цель. Проанализировать частоту возникновения и прогрессии РН у недоношенных в зависимости от срока гестации и сезона рождения. Материал и методы. Произведена случайная выборка 229 карт недоношенных детей, рожденных в период с 2017 по 2019 г. Исследуемые, были распределены по сезонам рождения и разделены на 2 группы: дети с РН 1-3 ст. (92 чел) и без РН (преретинопатия)- 137 человек. У детей с РН учитывался исход заболевания: самопроизволный регресс или лазеркоагуляция (ЛК). Результаты. В группе детей с РН: рожденных осенью 38,7%, из них 9,7% с самопроизвольным регрессом, 29% была проведена ЛК; рожденных зимой – 44,4% (29,6% регресс, 14,8% ЛК). У рожденных весной и летом, процент самопроизвольного регресса был ниже и составил 15% весной и 13,2% летом; доля проведенной ЛК наоборот, достоверно выше и составила 21,7% и 28,3% в соответствующих группах. Выявлены сильные взаимосвязи морфофункциональных характеристик, стадии и исхода РН с гестационным возрастом (r=0,625) и весом новорожденных (r=0,606). Выводы. Важное влияние на исход ретинопатии недоношенных оказывает солнечная инсоляция, соответствующая времени рождения. Получены достоверные корреляции: чем больше гестационный срок и вес при рождении, тем меньше вероятность необходимости проведения ЛК.

The protein trap is a powerful tool for genetic and biochemical studies of gene function in the animal kingdom. Although the original protein trap was developed for flies, it can be easily adapted to other multicellular organisms, both known models and ones with an unsequenced genome. The protein trap has been successfully applied to the fruit fly, crustaceans Parhyale hawaiensis, zebrafish, and insect and animal cell cultures. This approach is based on the integration into genes of an artificial exon that carries DNA encoding a fluorescent marker, standardized immunoepitopes, an integrase docking site, and splice acceptor and donor sites. The protein trap for cell cultures additionally contains an antibiotic resistance gene, which facilitates the selection of trapped clones. Resulting chimeric tagged mRNAs can be interfered by dsRNA against GFP (iGFPi—in vivo GFP interference), or the chimeric proteins can be efficiently knocked down by deGradFP technology. Both RNA and protein knockdowns produce a strong loss of function phenotype in tagged cells. The fluorescent and protein affinity tags can be used for tagged protein localisation within the cell and for identifying their binding partners in their native complexes. Insertion into protein trap integrase docking sites allows the replacement of trap contents by any new constructs, including other markers, cell toxins, stop-codons, and binary expression systems such as GAL4/UAS, LexA/LexAop and QF/QUAS, that reliably reflect endogenous gene expression. A distinctive feature of the protein trap approach is that all manipulations with a gene or its product occur only in the endogenous locus, which cannot be achieved by any other method.

Research on thermal stability of mineralogical types of micas deals with materials with high thermal stability. At high temperatures, as a result of water release, mica loses its transparency, swells, stratifies and becomes mechanically unstable. Due to these changes, the properties of mica worsen. Phlogopites can vary in their quality. Therefore, when phlogopite is used in materials and devices operating at very high temperatures, it is necessary to use the type of mica whose thermal resistance meets the operating conditions.

A theory developed in 1980 by U.A. Vinokurova and Yu.V. Yakovts proved the existence of the Arctic circumpolar civilization which includes, in their opinion, among other Russian regions the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Aggravation of social and economic problems in this region, decline in the traditional activities of indigenous people caused by a budget reducing requires effective solution at the national level. This particular theory helps to draw attention to the region and fosters development of the natural and cultural heritage preservation programs. It provides ethnocultural development of indigenous people and protection of their primordial habitat and a traditional way of life.

The valuable technical properties of mica have attracted attention for a long time. Currently, mica is widely used in various industries, primarily in the electrical and radio engineering ones. Two types of mica are used in modern technology: muscovite and phlogopite. In addition, vermiculite, lepidolite and biotite are used as well. Mica is one of the best dielectrics, it has properties that other dielectrics lack: high dielectric strength, heat resistance, chemical resistance, moisture resistance, mechanical strength and flexibility. Muscovite and phlogopite are indispensable electro-insulating materials used in powerful generators and other high-volt machines.

One of the issues of development of the digital educational process is the use of IT outsourcing technologies. IT outsourcing is a group of services provided by a third-party company specializing in these processes. This type of outsourcing has recently appeared, but it has become one of the most popular outsourcing services. Many companies prefer are implementing outsourcing schemes. They usually start with IT outsourcing, which is one of the most relevant and successful business models that allows you to get competitive advantages. The paper attempts to summarize and analyze the IT outsourcing market from the perspective of analyzing models used in the digital process for enterprises in various sectors of the economy. The object of this study is MAYKOR, the largest IT outsourcer in the Russian market. The goal of the work is to analyze IT outsourcing models in the context of various professional fields.

Under continuous increasing competition, only companies that use the most optimal methods can survive and succeed. One of the most relevant and successful business models is outsourcing. It was developed by the Electronic Data System (EDS) Company in 1963. In the 1980s, the outsourcing became an effective way to optimize costs and increase profitability. In the 1990s, it was revealed that the outsourcing contributes to the rationalization of company structures and their activities focusing on the main subject and transferring peripheral, official functions to external specialists. The transition to the post-industrial economy contributed to the implementation of this method in data processing and company management systems.