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Despite advances in developing structured risk assessment instruments, there is currently no instrument to assess and manage the risk of intimate partner violence perpetration among adolescents. Given the empirical link between many forms of antisocial behavior, we tested whether structured tools commonly used by professionals to evaluate adolescents' risk of engaging in general violence and offending could be used to identify adolescents at risk for perpetrating intimate partner violence.Because researchers have not yet examined whether risk assessment tools for general violence and offending predict intimate partner violence perpetration, we did not have a priori hypotheses regarding the predictive validity of these tools for this purpose.Research assistants rated 156 adjudicated youth on the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY), Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI), and Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) and recorded charges for intimate partner violence perpetration, any violent reoffending, and any reoffending over a 2-year follow-up period.Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that total scores and summary risk ratings on the SAVRY and YLS/CMI and total scores on the PCL:YV were significantly predictive of any violent reoffending and any reoffending, with moderate to large effect sizes, but were nonsignificantly associated with intimate partner violence perpetration. Further, penalized logistic regression analysis indicated that the SAVRY, YLS/CMI, and PCL:YV did not significantly add incremental validity to age, gender, race/ethnicity, and prior intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization for predicting future intimate partner violence perpetration.These findings suggest that the SAVRY, YLS/CMI, and PCL:YV could have limitations for assessing and managing intimate partner violence perpetration among adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Limited research has examined the association between different dimensions of psychopathy and membership in trajectories of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) while also considering developmental precursors. Thus, the current study examined the role of adolescent unidimensional, interpersonal-affective, and lifestyle-antisocial psychopathic features and developmental risk factors in trajectories of physical IPV in young adulthood. Method: Data were derived from 885 male offenders who participated in the Pathways to Desistance Study and were assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV). Results: Semi-parametric group-based modeling identified three trajectories of physical IPV from ages 18 through 25: (a) a no physical IPV trajectory (70.5%, n = 624), (b) a low-level physical IPV trajectory (21.9%, n = 194), and (c) a high-level decreasing physical IPV trajectory (7.6%, n = 67). In multinomial logistic regression models controlling for exposure to violence, substance abuse, and peer delinquency, PCL:YV Total scores were associated with an increased likelihood of membership in the low-level and high-level physical IPV trajectories compared to the no physical IPV trajectory. In addition, Factor 2 scores (lifestyle-antisocial features) were associated with an increased likelihood of membership in the high-level decreasing physical IPV trajectory compared to the no physical IPV trajectory. Factor 1 scores (interpersonal-affective features) were unrelated to trajectory group assignment. Conclusions: Psychopathic features in adolescents should be considered in prevention and intervention strategies targeting physical IPV.

Background Proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) have an impact on gut microbiome. The use of PPI has increased since the late 1980s and between 2007-2017, there were nearly 59 million PPIs dispensed annually in France.1 Considering that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects persons of all races, a disease trigger for IBD may be a factor that can directly alter the intestinal immune response, or indirectly through changes in the gut microbiome. This raises the possibility that the advent use of PPI may be associated with the worldwide rise in IBD. Purpose We investigated whether increased use of PPI was associated with a diagnosis of IBD. Method The University of Manitoba IBD Epidemiology Database includes all Manitobans diagnosed with IBD between 1984 to 2018 with age, sex and geography-matched controls and comprehensive prescription drug data from April 1995. Subjects were considered to be users if they received 2 prescriptions of PPI. We assessed PPI prescriptions pre-diagnosis and for 3-years post-diagnosis of IBD. The absolute and relative rates were calculated and compared for PPI use pre- and post-IBD diagnosis. Result(s) A retrospective analysis was completed by analyzing 5920 subjects that were diagnosed with IBD after April 1996. Rates of PPI use in controls increased gradually from 1.5 to 6.5% over 15-years. Persons with IBD have a higher rate of PPI use peaking up to 17% within 1-year of IBD diagnosis with a rate ratio (RR) of 3.1 [95% CI 2.9 – 3.3]. Furthermore, persons with Crohn’s disease (CD) [RR= 4.2; 95% CI 3.7 – 4.6] were more likely to have been PPI users pre-diagnosis than persons with ulcerative colitis [RR= 2.4; 95% CI 2.2 – 2.7]. Important predictors of increased PPI use were older age, year of data collection and CD diagnosis. Conclusion(s) This retrospective analysis showed an increase in PPI use over the past 20-years among all Manitobans. Persons with IBD have higher PPI use within 1-year of their IBD diagnosis. It is possible that persons with IBD have an increase in acid peptic diseases or alternatively, the use of a PPI alters the gut microbiome increasing the risk for IBD diagnosis, or that some IBD symptoms are treated with PPI whether warranted or not. Future studies are needed to delineate whether the indication for ongoing PPI use is appropriate. References: 1Lassalle M, Le Tri T, Bardou M, et al. Use of proton pump inhibitors in adults in France: a nationwide drug utilization study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2020;76(3):449-457. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below None Disclosure of Interest None Declared

To investigate how expert supervisors focus on various aspects of relationships and how commonly the relational discussions occur in theoretically diverse approaches to supervision, we operationali...

In this prospective study, we examined the association between three types of mental health symptom clusters (i.e., psychotic, internalizing, and externalizing) and the frequency and severity of violent-behavioral outcomes, and whether community disadvantage, residential instability, and criminogenic facility density moderated these associations. Study data were derived from 258 community-dwelling adults nested in 60 postal forward sortation areas (FSAs) in a large metropolitan area in Western Canada who were assessed twice over a 6-month period. In addition, census and administrative data were obtained on the same areas. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., age, gender, ethnicity, relationship status, and employment status), lifetime history of violent-behavioral outcomes, and community structural characteristics, internalizing and externalizing mental health symptoms were significantly positively associated with the frequency and severity of subsequent violence perpetration and with the severity of subsequent violent victimization. Several significant interactions were observed: internalizing symptoms increased the risk of frequent and severe violence perpetration in FSAs with high but not low disadvantage, and externalizing symptoms increased the risk of frequent violent victimization in FSAs with a high but not low criminogenic facility density. Only the interactive association of internalizing symptoms and community disadvantage with the severity of violence perpetration, however, remained significant after Bonferroni correction was applied. These findings provide tentative support that associations between mental health and violent-behavioral outcomes can vary with community context. The implication of these findings for assessing and managing violent-behavioral outcomes in the community is discussed.

Even though risk assessment tools are often intended to inform case planning, they do not provide much direct guidance. As such, we developed an intervention-planning tool called the Adolescent Risk Reduction and Resilient Outcomes Work-Plan (ARROW) to accompany the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth. The ARROW includes a decision support system, guide, and training, and is one of the first tools of its kind. To evaluate the ARROW, we conducted two studies: (a) a vignette study with 178 professionals and (b) a field study with 320 propensity-score matched adolescents. Most professionals (>98%) rated the ARROW as useful. Moreover, compared with (a) unstructured plans and (b) a simple form, ARROW plans were more likely to include supported interventions, adhere to best practices, and integrate culturally tailored approaches for Indigenous adolescents. Formulations also showed improvements. However, further research is needed on strategies to bridge risk assessment and risk management.

A growing body of research-based instructional materials for quantum mechanics has been developed in recent years. Despite a common grounding in the research literature on student ideas about quantum mechanics, there are some major differences between the various sets of instructional materials. In this article, we examine the major instructional considerations that influenced the development of two comprehensive quantum mechanics curricula: Paradigms in Physics (the junior-level physics courses at Oregon State University) and Tutorials in Physics: Quantum Mechanics (a set of supplementary worksheets designed at the University of Washington). The instructional considerations that we consider vary in nature: some are philosophical or theoretical commitments about teaching and learning, while some are practical structures determined in part by the local instructional environments. We then use these instructional considerations as a lens to explore example activities from each curriculum and to highlight prominent differences between them, along with some underlying reasons for those differences. The Paradigms reflect a case where the theoretical commitments drove changes to the practical structures while the Tutorials reflect how theoretical commitments were incorporated into a course with a relatively fixed practical structure. Partially as a result of this large-scale difference, we find that each curriculum prioritizes different theoretical commitments about how to promote student understanding of quantum mechanics. We discuss instances of both alignment and tension between the theoretical commitments of the two curricula and their impact on the instructional materials.

NISARis a multi-disciplinary Earth-observing radar mission that makes global measurements of land surface changes that will greatly improve Earth system models. NISAR data will clarify spatially and temporally complex phenomena, including ecosystem disturbances, ice sheet collapse, and natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, and landslides. It provides societally relevant data that will enable better protection of life and property. The mission, a NASA-ISRO partnership, uses two fully polarimetric SARs, one at L-band (L-SAR) and one at S-band (S-SAR), in exact repeating orbits every 12 days that allows interferometric combination of data on repeated passes. NASA provides the L-SAR; a shared deployable reflector; an engineering payload that supports mission-specific data handling, navigation and communication functions; science observation planning and L-SAR data processing. ISRO provides the S-SAR, spacecraft, launch vehicle, satellite operations, and S-SAR data processing. The mission will be launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, India. Mission development has addressed many unique challenges and incorporates many “firsts” for a jointly-developed free-flyer radar science mission

Life satisfaction in adolescence has been shown to protect against numerous negative outcomes (e.g., substance use, sexual risk-taking), but limited work has directly explored the relationship between life satisfaction and youth violence and offending. As such, we conducted a prospective assessment to explore this relationship among community ( n = 334) and at-risk youth ( n = 99). Findings suggest life satisfaction is significantly associated with decreased offending and violence within both samples and adds incremental value above established risk factors in predicting violent and total offending among community youth. Furthermore, moderation analyses indicate that the protective value of life satisfaction is greater for youth with high callous–unemotional traits. Mediation analyses suggest that youth who are unsatisfied with their lives may seek out substance use, in turn elevating risk of offending. Together, these findings indicate that efforts to improve overall life satisfaction may help prevent adolescent offending. However, future research is needed.

Even when probation officers use risk assessment tools, many of their clients’ needs remain unaddressed. As such, we examined whether the implementation of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) and a structured case planning form resulted in better case plans as compared with prior practices (i.e., a nonvalidated local tool and an unstructured plan). Our sample comprised 216 adolescents on probation who were matched via propensity scores. Adolescents in the SAVRY/Structured Plan condition had significantly better case plans than those in the preimplementation condition. Specifically, following implementation, adolescents’ high need domains were more likely to be targeted in plans. Plans also scored higher on other quality indicators (e.g., level of detail). These improvements appeared to be due primarily to the structured plan rather than the SAVRY. Overall, our findings highlight that, just as structure can improve risk assessments, so too might structure improve case plans.