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Abstract Photonic-based methods are crucial in biology and medicine due to their non-invasive nature, allowing remote measurements without affecting biological specimens. The study of diatoms using advanced photonic methods remains a relatively underexplored area, presenting significant opportunities for pioneering discoveries. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of marine diatoms, specifically Nitzschia sp., across varying salinity levels, integrating fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), combined photoacoustic and fluorescence tomographies (PAFT), and ultrastructural examinations using transmission electron microscopy. Key findings include a systematic shift in the mean fluorescence lifetime from 570 ps at 20‰ to 940 ps at 80‰, indicating functional adaptations in chlorophyll molecules within light-harvesting complexes. At 60‰ salinity, anomalies are observed in the development of silica valves and polysaccharide layers, suggesting abnormalities in valve morphogenesis. Lipid droplets within the cells display a minimum diameter at 40‰, indicating metabolic adjustments to osmotic stress. The intensity of both fluorescence and photoacoustic signals increases with increasing salinity levels. These insights enhance understanding of the ecological implications of salinity stress on diatom communities and pave the way for future research on leveraging the unique adaptive mechanisms of microalgae for environmental monitoring and sustainable biotechnological applications.

Introduction. The quality and reliability of data regarding changes in regional labour markets, as well as the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the demand for workers and mid-level specialists, alongside an assessment of the potential for modernising secondary vocational education and the vocational training system, represent significant challenges for medium- and long-term planning in this field. Addressing these challenges largely relies on forecasting techniques that integrate data on labour market development prospects with information on the capabilities of personnel training systems. Aim. The present research aimed to explore the concept of “predictive analytics” as the foundation of a data-driven management methodology and to examine the potential application of this methodology in vocational education. Methodology and research methods. The applied research was conducted using a comprehensive scientific methodology. Various methods were employed, including generalisation, theoretical analysis, empirical analysis, cluster analysis, synthesis, and conceptualisation. Results and their scientific novelty. The authors view predictive analytics as a tool for implementing data-driven management methodologies in vocational education and they substantiate the concept of delayed educational outcomes as the central focus of predictive analytics within the education management system. Practical significance. Four groups of parameters are proposed to facilitate the development of various predictive analytics models, applicable at both the level of an educational organisation and within the regional vocational education system.

of early stages of deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint. There is a need to explore the effectiveness and mechanisms of modern methods of electrical therapy and their impact on the quality of life due to close cause-and-effect relationship between the pain, inflammatory and destructive components of osteoarthritis (OA) as one of the most common conditions. The objective was to evaluate the effect of interstitial electrical stimulation (IES) as a monotherapy in the course of conservative treatment of early stages of gonarthrosis based on clinical and biochemical findings. Materials and methods Radiographic findings, skin electrometry (objective parameters of pain intensity), limb weight-bearing capacity, biochemical parameters of connective tissue matrix degradation in blood serum and 24-hour urine samples, and treatment satisfaction were explored in 43 patients. Patients who received a course of IES were assigned to the treatment group (n = 22) and patients who received standard treatment without IES constituted the control group (n = 21). Results Electrometric analysis showed a higher effectiveness of pain relief in the treatment group compared to the controls with asymmetry coefficient measuring 3.2 ± 0.31 versus 1.9 ± 0.4 at p > 0.05. The weight‑bearing scored 3.59 ± 0.34 versus 3.26 ± 0.2 at p > 0.05. The treatment group showed shorter treatment length with 13.21 ± 1.2 days versus 18.3 ± 1.2 days in the control group at p > 0.05 and a higher degree of satisfaction with outcomes scored 96.2 ± 2.59 in the treatment group versus 86.2 ± 3.17 in the control group. A statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was established in the levels of free and total hydroxyproline characterizing the different intensity of collagen breakdown in the groups at the end of treatment. Discussion The IES used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy was shown to be highly effective with changes in the hydroxyproline level in the media suggesting a chondroprotective effect. The analysis and comparison of objective parameters demonstrated high effectiveness of IES in the treatment of early stages of gonarthrosis in middle-aged and elderly adults. Conclusion The IES used for treatment of early stages of gonarthrosis helps pain reducing the intensity of collagen destruction and improving weight-bearing.

The lithologic-facial, mineralogical, petrographic, and lithogeochemical studies of Visean terrigenous sediments in the borehole section at the Bashkirian arch were carried out to clarify the sources of matter and sedimentation conditions. Terrigenous rocks of the Radayevsky and Bobrikovsky horizons are characterized by predominantly good sorting and pelletization of clastic material. A significant distance from the source of drifting is assumed. Terrigenous rocks of these horizons are sediments of the first and second sedimentation cycles. The rocks of the Tula horizon are characterized by average sorting and pelletization, which indicates the proximity of the drift source to the sedimentation basin. They are rocks of the first sedimentation cycle. The source of clastic material for the Radayevsky and Tula horizons was found to be rocks of acidic composition. For the beaver horizon, the acidic and the main source of drift was established. It is assumed that sedimentation of rocks occurred in coastal-marine conditions on the passive continental margin, with the inflow of clastic material from the inner parts of the East European Platform, due to overwashing of the early accumulated terrigenous rocks of the Devonian and Proterozoic, as well as destruction of the basement ledges, which were activated in the Early Visean time during the manifestation of folding. The presence of basic rocks in the Bobrikovsky horizon may indicate that the material came from the orogen.

Introduction Limb length discrepancy (LLD) can be debilitating and may cause other medical and social problems. LLD is a serious physical condition and have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life changing the gait, forming pathological adaptive mechanisms and causing long-term musculoskeletal disturbances in children. The objective was to analyze the evolution of tactical approaches to the rehabilitation of patients with lower limb length inequality. Material and methods The original literature search was conducted on key resources including Scientific Electronic Library (www.elibrary.ru) and the National Library of Medicine (www.pubmed.org). Literature searches included both Russian and English studies. The search strategy was comprised of keywords: lower limbs, limb length inequality, approaches and means of limb length correction, osteosynthesis. Clinical guidelines, clinical recommendations, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials and multicenter cohort studies were selected for analysis. Results and discussion Normal individuals can often experience a difference in the length of the lower limbs from several mm to 1.5 cm and have no effect on the gait, condition of adjacent joints and joints of the opposite limb. Some authors report inequality of 5 mm leading to orthopaedic pathology. A variety of conservative and surgical treatments are offered for limb length equalization. Elimination of LLD is a common and unresolved medical problem. Conservative treatment of LLD can be considered as one of the stages of rehabilitation. Some patients can benefit from conservative treatments. Alternatively, surgical equalization is a treatment option for patients with LLD. Conclusion Surgical methods offered earlier to address LLD had disadvantages, which ultimately minimized their use, and orthopaedic surgeons abandoned some of them due to the high risk of severe complications. The device and the technique developed by Dr. Ilizarov in the 50s of the last century was an epoch-making event in the elimination of LLD and are constantly being improved.

Introduction Many different suture configurations and pathomorphology of tendon repair have been described for tendon repair over the past 20 years. However, the biomechanical properties of suture material at primary flexor tendon repair have not been sufficiently explored. A cyclic loading test is performed to evaluate the performance of the different sutures under repeated loading conditions simulating dynamic conditions in postoperative rehabilitation procedures. The objective was to compare the strength of suture materials under cyclic loading on a biological model of a tendon. Material and methods Eighty porcine digital flexor tendons were examined in a pilot study. The sutured tendons were tested with a universal testing machine. Tendon repair was produced using polypropylene in group I, braided polyamide suture in group II, complex polytetrafluoroethylene thread in group III and a thread of superelastic titanium nickelide in group IV. The standard Chang protocol was used for cyclic loading. Results The percentage of intact sutures was 25 % in group I and in group II, 80 % in group III and 85 % in group IV after completing the entire load cycle. A pairwise comparison showed suture disruption being more common for group I and group II as compared to group III and group IV. Irreversible gap was more common for group 1 as compared to group IV. Neither knot ruptures nor tissue cutting were seen in the groups. Discussion The topic of biomechanical properties of suture material remains poorly understood. Although static load testing is commonly used in current experimental studies and cyclic testing is suitable for simulating postoperative conditions. The search continues for the “ideal” suture material for flexor tendon repair to prevent tears and retain tensile properties until the repair reaches strength. Conclusion The threads of polytetrafluoroethylene and nickelide-titanium showed the best biomechanical properties for tendon repair in the form of linear strength, good elasticity and low plasticity of the suture material. There were no significant differences between polypropylene and braided polyamide threads.

Introduction Despite the large number of articles on complications associated with surgical lengthening, information about such a complication of transosseous distraction osteosynthesis as failed bone regenerate (called hypoplastic in foreign literature) is extremely rare. There are no methods for predicting the restructuring of the regenerate and clinical recommendations for the management of patients at various stages of reconstruction of the distraction regenerate. This entails a long period of immobilization and severe complications. The objective of the work was to define the notion of inadequate (“ischemic”/hypoplastic) bone regeneration and the problem of its formation as a complication during surgical limb lengthening Material and methods The PubMed database and the eLIBRARY scientific electronic library were used to select sources for a systematic literature review. The sources published between 1997 and 2020 were selected Results and discussion Ineffective distraction bone regenerate is a complication of surgical segment lengthening with the shape and/or structure of the newly formed bone preventing functional load on the segment. There is a general tendency with bone elongations being greater than 15-20 % to significantly reduce biomechanical properties of the distractional regenerate bone. Patients' age at surgical lengthening is not reported as a risk factor for distraction regenerate fractures and a history of adverse events and complications is regarded as an additional risk factor. Inadequate (unstable) distraction regenerate bone includes morphotypes III-V and structural types 1, 5, 7 as classified by Ru Li. There are no clinical guidelines for operational strategy. Failed distraction bone regeneration as a complication of distraction osteosynthesis was reported by different authors between 1997 and 2020. There are conflicting statistically unreliable data regarding a risk for regenerate bone to develop into a less stable type. The surgical options presented have no statistical significance (occasional case reports) and do not describe all possible clinical scenarios. Conclusion The problem of failed distraction regeneration and impaired organotypic restructuring remains one of the most important problems in limb lengthening. Inadequate formation and restructuring of newly formed bone can be caused by many factors including anatomical, physiological and technological aspects that would require further comprehensive study.

Introduction. Meningioma is one of the most common central nervous system tumors, accounting for 39.7 % of all primary brain tumors. The tumor originates from arachnoid meningothelial cells and is characterized by a wide range of histological types classified into 15 subtypes. The histological classification of meningiomas allows us to predict meningioma behavior and the risk of disease recurrence, as well as to define treatment strategies. However, clinical outcomes in histological subgroups of patients are often inconsistent with the histological grade of malignancy. Thus, a more reliable method is needed both to determine the histological subtype of the tumor and to predict the clinical course of the disease with the potential for targeted treatment.The purpose of the study was to summarize the available data on the effect of results of the genomic and proteomic tumor analysis on carcinogenesis with the relationship between the mutational changes and noninvasive diagnosis, treatment and the course of the disease.Material and Methods. Literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Elibrary system, publications were included mainly from 2010 to 2023. with the identification of articles by the keyword “genetic analysis of meningiomas” and synonyms. 550 articles were found, of which 55 were used to write a literature review.Conclusion. The study of the molecular genetic profile of meningiomas will improve the classification and establish a correlation with MRI data, the course of the disease and prognosis.

Introduction. The development of new structural materials and improvement of existing technologies for the production of new products on their basis lead to the emergence of new types of medium discontinuities. Therefore, the development of new models of discontinuities that take the previously ignored parameters into account seems to be relevant for the purposes of nondestructive testing and structural measurements. This concerns, e.g., the roughness of adjacent surfaces of microcrack ordered sets.Aim. Theoretical substantiation for the processes of elastic waves propagation through an elastic medium containing an ordered lattice of microcracks with boundary conditions in the linear slip approximation, modified by taking into account the parameters of micro-convexities of microcrack rough boundaries. Database formation for experimental studies aimed at determining the physical and mechanical characteristics of structural materials.Materials and methods. The acoustic characteristics of materials were determined based on the derivation and solutions of dispersion equations describing the formation and propagation of effective longitudinal, transverse, and Rayleigh surface elastic waves in elastic media with ordered cracking. Their values were also used to determine the effective speed of Rayleigh surface waves.Results. The conducted simulation of elastic wave formation processes showed that an increase in the concentration of microcracks leads to a decrease in the phase velocities of effective longitudinal, transverse, and surface waves, as well as to an increase in the attenuation coefficients at given ultrasound frequencies and material parameters.Conclusion. The radius of the microsphere that replaces the surface micro-convexity and the roughness parameter Rz have a significant impact on the formation of physical and mechanical characteristics of materials, which are determined by the results of ultrasonic measurements. The developed model can be recommended as a basis for interpreting the results of ultrasonic measurements.

Introduction. Malignant tumors of the salivary glands account for 3–5 % of all cases of head and neck cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma is the rarest histological variant of this pathology. It accounts for an average of 1.6 %. Among large salivary gland tumors, squamous cell carcinoma most often occurs in the parotid salivary gland.Aim. To present a clinical case of primary disseminated cancer of the parotid salivary gland with squamous cell structure.Clinical observation. A 70-year-old patient was under observation who was diagnosed with a primary squamous cell tumor of the parotid salivary gland with multiple metastases during a complex examination. He was sick for about 6 months when asymmetry of left half of the face appeared due to a painful neoplasm in the parotid salivary gland. Recently, the patient has noted increased tumor growth. Objective examination revealed peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve on the left. In the parotid-masticatory region on the left, with a transition to the zygomatic region, there is a dense painful immobile exophytic tumor with infiltration into soft tissues of the face and skin 6.5 × 5.0 cm in size with an ulcer in the center. Laterally, it reaches the tragus, and at the bottom-the angle of the lower jaw. In the submandibular region on the left, metastatic lymph nodes 2.5 × 2.0 cm in size are palpated. A biopsy was collected. Histological conclusion: non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Expression of the programmed death receptor ligand (PD-L1) in the tumor is negative. Mutations of genes Her2-neu and BRAF were not detected. According to medical imaging methods, multiple metastases were found in the lungs, liver, zygomatic bone and tumor growth in the maxillary sinus on the left. The diagnosis was established: cancer of the parotid salivary gland, stage IVC, cT4N1M1, with metastases to the liver, lungs and bones. Polychemotherapy was prescribed according to the scheme: 5-fluorouracil + cisplatin + cetuximab + bisphosphonates. After 3 cycles, a partial regression is obtained.Conclusion. The primary squamous cell carcinoma is prone to an aggressive course and has an unfavorable prognosis, especially in patients over 60 years of age with skin and facial nerve damage, as well as the presence of regional and distant metastases. Differential diagnosis is necessary to exclude the secondary nature of the tumor. The presented case is a rare example of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid salivary gland with extensive metastatic lesion and regression of the pathological process after polychemotherapy in combination with targeted therapy.

Background. Intracranial metastases, as the first clinical symptom of prostate cancer (PC), are extremely rare, with only anecdotal case reports in the literature. Aim. To present a case of multiple brain metastases (MCI) as the first clinical manifestation of PC with isolated facial nerve injury (FNI). Materials and methods. A 66-year-old patient with PC and multiple brain and bone metastases was observed. Results. The patient considered himself sick for 4 months when weakness in the left arm, headache, dizziness, facial asymmetry, staggering when walking, and memory loss appeared. He received non-surgical treatment prescribed by a neurologist. A clinical examination revealed a neurological deficit in the form of FN central palsy of grade 3 according to the House-Brackmann score. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed masses in the right insular, left temporal lobes, and left cerebellar hemisphere of 3.7×3.3×2.9, 1.1×0.8 and 0.5×0.6 cm, respectively, with marked perifocal edema. According to the magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis in the right half of the prostate gland, a tumor of 2.2×1.0×2.7 cm and PI-RADS 5 score was detected, and a metastatic lesion of the left ilium was found. Bone scintigraphy showed metastases in the thoracic and lumbar spine. A core biopsy of the prostate was performed. Histological and immunohistochemical studies revealed acinar adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 6 (3+3) points. The level of total prostate-specific antigen was 8.6 ng/mL. A final diagnosis was made: stage IV prostate cancer, T2aN0M1c, with brain and bone metastases. Given the neurological symptoms, radiation therapy was performed on the brain with a total radiation dose of 30 Gy, followed by androgen deprivation and monochemotherapy with docetaxel and bisphosphonates. Conclusion. Multiple brain lesions as the first clinical manifestation of PC are extremely rare. An isolated lesion of FN with neurological deficit in the form of central palsy indicates an advanced metastatic process. The primary method of treatment is palliative radiation therapy with a total radiation dose of 30 Gy, followed by androgen deprivation and chemotherapy.

Introduction. The vocational education system of any country is focused on training qualified personnel for the economy and is always closely connected with the socio-economic and foreign policy conditions for the development of the state. In the 2020s, the world community faced a number of challenges, including the Coronavirus pandemic, natural changes and cataclysms, and foreign policy conflicts. The problem of supporting the vocational education system in the conditions of instability is acquiring an international dimension.Aim. The current paper aims to present the results of the research on import substitution processes in the material and technical support of educational programmes of secondary vocational education and an assessment of the readiness of educational organisations for this activity in the context of the new economic conditions for the development of Russia, taking into account the foreign experience of friendly countries.Methodology and research methods. The present applied research uses the methodology of the general scientific level based on the analysis of documents and materials, which are publicly available on the nternet. The methods of comparative, criterion and cluster analysis, the method of analysis of necessity and sufficiency, methods of goal-setting and formalisation of expected results, the method of interpretation were employed.Results. The article presents the intermediate results of the study of the regional VET systems adaptation to new economic conditions. The proposed set of criteria and indicators can be useful to the executive authorities in the field of education, the administration of educational organisations to develop their strategy in the coming years. In the future, the authors plan to prepare appropriate methodological recommendations.Scientific novelty. Cluster approach was applied to analyse management strategies of colleges and technical schools for updating and import substitution of equipment.Practical significance. The authors propose the set of criteria and indicators for assessing the material and technical support of vocational education system in the context of import substitution and building technological sovereignty in the Russian Federation.

Abstract First physics results of the BM@N experiment at the Nuclotron/NICA complex are presented on π + and K + meson production in interactions of an argon beam with fixed targets of C, Al, Cu, Sn and Pb at 3.2 A GeV. Transverse momentum distributions, rapidity spectra and multiplicities of π + and K + mesons are measured. The results are compared with predictions of theoretical models and with other measurements at lower energies.

The establishment of the Soviet power on the territory of the Russian empire led to a new system of values, activation of the population in all fields of the social life. In the sphere of museum building in the 1920s a noticeable role was played by such public scientific and educational associations as the Society for the Study of the Local Territory in Cheboksary (1921-1931) and the Society for the Study of Chuvash Culture in Moscow (1927-1931). The main aim of the article is to reveal the history of the formation and work of these organizations. The material is presented chronologically. Having established close contacts with scientific institutions throughout Russia and with famous scientists, the local history organizations with a wide network of branches and cells promoted an in-depth study and development of the economy and culture of the Chuvash region and the spiritual culture of the Chuvash, half of whose population lived outside the territory of the autonomy. The special attention these societies paid to the development of the native language and culture of the Chuvash people that allowed the Chuvash people to realize their national identity. During the first decade of the Chuvash Soviet autonomy some successes in the formation of local lore as a science were achieved. On the territory of Chuvashia local history institutions and organizations made a significant contribution to the study of nature, economy, productive forces of the region, as well as the spiritual life of the people. In this period it was the Society for the Study of the Local Territory in Cheboksary and the Society for the Study of Chuvash Culture in Moscow that promoted the preservation and development of the Chuvash language.

Background. Treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) is accompanied by a number of organizational and tactical problems related to the multidisciplinary nature of the disease. Therefore, the use of classifications determining treatment tactics is necessary. The evaluation of treatment outcomes and efficacy should be conducted in accordance with the classification type of the lesion and decisions made based on the tactical algorithm. Aim of the study to identify the dependence of long-tenn treatment outcomes of vertebral osteomyelitis on the type of lesion according to the modified Russian version of the E. Pola classification and the methods of treatment used. Methods. The study analyzed the treatment results of 266 patients with vertebral osteomyelitis from 2006 to 2019. Type A lesions accounted for 24.1% (n = 64), type B 47.0% (n = 125), type C 26.3% (n = 70), and lesions of vertebral processes 2.6% (n = 7). Neurological disorders were detected in 53 observations (type C). Conservative treatment, debridement, and reconstructive surgeries were perfonned. The evaluation of results was carried out a year or more after discharge. Results. The maximum effectiveness of conservative treatment was noted in uncomplicated courses and minor bone destruction. Conservative treatment of type A lesions led to recovery in 97.4% of cases compared to reconstructive operations (p = 0.002) and recurrences (p = 0.034). Mortality was higher after reconstructive interventions (p = 0.001). The highest number of fatal outcomes after debridement of the focus was observed in type B lesions 15.8% (p = 0.022). Analysis of type C lesions did not reveal significant differences between the methods of treatment used. The maximum number of unsatisfactory results was registered in patients with sepsis: mortality was 17.4%, and in its absence 4.9% (p = 0.039), recurrences 21.7% versus 7.8% (p = 0.043), recovery 56.6% versus 83.5% (p = 0.004), respectively. There were no significant differences in the assessments according to the ODI, NDI, SF-36 scales in the long tenn. The overall survival rate was 84.4%, and the long-tenn one was 90.4%, which increased with conservative treatment compared to reconstructive interventions (p = 0.045). Conclusion. Conservative treatment and extra-focal fixation of the spine showed maximum effectiveness in low-destructive and uncomplicated lesions (type A). Reconstructive interventions lead to an increase in the number of recurrences and fatal outcomes. Debridement of the focus in septic course of type В lesions leads to an increase in hospital mortality. There were no statistically significant differences between the results of different treatment methods for type C lesions.

Introduction. People in helping professions are more prone to emotional burnout and depression. Even at the university level, future physicians experience an increase in depressed mood. Despite the fact that this problem has been studied quite extensively, the role of socio-cognitive factors has not yet been studied enough. The purpose of this research is to fill this gap and explore the relationship between career anchors and the level of depressed mood among Russian medical students. Materials and Methods. The survey was conducted in 2020 and 2021. The sample of the survey included 864 students of the SSMU named after V. I. Razumovsky. Methods used in the survey: the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), adapted by T. I. Balashova and the diagnosis of career anchors, using Schein’s Career Orientations Inventory (COI) in the adaptation of V. A. Chiker. Data analysis methods: Shapiro‒Wilk and Fligner‒Killeen tests, Wilcoxon‒Mann‒Whitney and Nemenyi tests, and biweightmidcorrelation analysis. The search for predictors of depressed mood was carried out using the method of generalized additive models. Results. Career anchors are predictors of depressed mood. Service orientation and professional competence reduce the severity of depressed mood, while the relationship is non-linear. The desire of students to integrate different areas of their lives and organize the activities of other people is negatively associated with depressed mood, but the relationship is linear. The severity of depressed mood is exacerbated by career anchoring on autonomy. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study contribute to the understanding of the complex relationship between depressiveness and socio-cognitive factors. The results of this study can be instrumental in the development of a set of measures reducing the risk of depression in medical professionals by studying at a university.

The electronic band structure and features of the charge density distribution in lead oxide phosphate Pb10(PO4)6O and the copper-doped compound Pb9Cu(PO4)6O have been studied by the density functional theory. Despite the differences in chemical compositions and crystal structures, the type of chemical bonding in the Pb10(PO4)6O and Pb9Cu(PO4)6O compounds was found to be similar to the type of chemical bonding that we previously revealed in high-temperature superconductors and in parent compounds for their production—monoclinic α-Bi2O3 and orthorhombic La2CuO4. Although the lack of experimental data on the electronic band structure and physical properties of the Pb10(PO4)6O and Pb10−xCux(PO4)6O compounds does not currently allow us to conclude that superconductivity could exist at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in the Pb10−xCux(PO4)6O compound, further studies of the properties of lead oxide phosphate and other minerals of the apatite supergroup might be useful for identifying new types of promising materials for the production of high-temperature superconductors.

Introduction. Microlearning is one of the modern trends in education, providing high motivation and involvement of students, fast and solid assimilation of the specified educational results, the connection of theory and practice, accessibility and flexibility of learning. At the same time, microlearning also has a number of serious drawbacks, primarily related to its content limitations, fragmentation and unsystematic nature, which prevents its widespread use at various levels of education. According to the authors of the article, these shortcomings are due to the peculiarities of a specific organisational and didactic model of microlearning used in corporate education. Attempts to directly transfer this approach to the system of general, secondary vocational, higher education are unproductive. The authors believe that it is necessary to develop a different didactic model of microlearning, adequate to the goals and approaches of the education system. The article presents a range of issues that are subject to priority resolution for the development of the theory of education, didactics and methodology in the context of the idea of microlearning. Aim. The present research aims to present a scientific approach to assess the possibilities of adapting the accumulated experience of using microlearning in mass educational practice.Methodology and research methods. The current research is based on methodological approaches of foreign and Russian scientists to the problems of digital transformation of education, primarily based on the idea of counter transformation of the educational process and digital tools, cultivation of systematic didactic knowledge. The leading method is the generalisation of scientific provisions, the analysis of practical experience and the creation of prerequisites for the creation of new knowledge.Results and scientific novelty. As a result of the research, the key directions of pedagogical scientific research are identified, ensuring continuity in the development of microlearning during its transfer from corporate education to use in mass educational practice. The novelty of the research is determined by the high demand for the development of didactic tools for organising the educational process, selecting and structuring the content of education.Practical significance. The research results can be applied in the process of training teachers for the broad implementation of microlearning during the digital transformation of education, as well as directly in the design of new digital tools.

The article reveals the history of the creation and main functions of the Book Chamber of the Chuvash Republic (in 2000–2012 – the State Press Archive), which in 2013 became part of the National Library of the Chuvash Republic. The purpose of the article is to reveal the significance of the Book Chamber of the Chuvash Republic as the main center for collecting and storing printed materials about Chuvashia and the Chuvash people, regardless of the place of publication. On the basis of the chronological method, the role of printed materials in the Chuvash language in the preservation of the ethnic culture of the titular people has been studied. It was revealed that the Book Chambers as institutions with a special legal regime existed in 5 points of the Russian Federation: in Moscow, in the republics of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Chuvashia and Karelia. Their funds were used in scientific and publishing developments, preparation of materials for publication and for reprints. At present, the main activities of the Department of the Book Chamber are the acquisition, accounting and preservation of the fund of printed documents; state registration of printed documents in the Chuvash Republic, preparation of state bibliographic and statistical information; information and bibliographic services for users; methodological support of editorial and publishing activities of the mass media, publishing and printing enterprises of the republic; creation of a bibliographic database of articles «Chuvashik»; preparation and publication of the state bibliographic index «Chronicle of the press of the Chuvash Republic».

Study design Retrospective analysis of a single-center cohort of patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. The purpose of the study was to review risk factors for perioperative complications and recurrences in patients diagnosed with hematogenous pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. Material and methods 141 inpatient records of hematogenous pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis were reviewed at the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Tyumen. Patients who developed complications, neurological deficits and recurrences were assigned to A group (n = 66), and those who did not included in B group (n = 75). Results Perioperative complications, recurrences, risk factors and neurological disorders that could develop with different treatment methods were explored. There was a greater risk of recurrences and a lower rate of neurological complications seen in chronic cases and drug addicts. There was a lower risk of intra- and postoperative complications seen in thoracic spine involvement, a greater risk of neurological deficit with involved cervical spine and a lower risk in the lumbar spine involvement. There was a lower risk of neurological disorders in type A and type B disorders, and a greater risk in type C disorders as categorized by E. Pola. There were no differences in recurrence rates among different types of involvement. HIV did not increase the risk of complications and relapses. Surgical site infection developed in 8.1 % cases of transpedicular fixation and in 6.9 % following ventral interventions. No correlation was observed between the recurrence and complication rate and the surgical methods used. Overall, recovery or stable remission was achieved in 88.6 % of cases after treatment of relapses. Conclusion Recurrences and complications were primarily caused by delayed diagnosis, co-morbidities and neurological deficits. No correlation was observed between the recurrence and complication rate and the surgical methods used. There was a greater risk of recurrences and a lower rate of neurological complications seen in chronic cases and drug addicts. Neurological disorders are common for cervical spine disorders. The risk of complications was dependent on the type of involvement as categorized by E. Pola. There was a lower risk of neurological disorders in type A and B disorders and a statistically greater risk in type C disorders.

The pandemic period revealed the shortcomings of distance learning, which do not allow it to be used as a basic form of education in the main educational programs. The most effective form of organizing the educational process, in the context of its digital transformation, is seen as blended learning, which involves alternating online and face-to-face learning formats. The subject of this article is the pedagogical aspects of blended learning related to the organization of the process of mixed learning in an educational institution and its implementation in the joint activities of the teacher and students. The analysis of existing approaches to the identification and classification of blended learning models is carried out. The authors justify an approach to the typology of blended learning models, which can be implemented at different levels: curriculum, subject, section or topic (within the framework of the discipline), training session, extracurricular learning technology. The proposed methodology is based on the joint work of the network of experimental sites of the Ranepa Federal Institute for the Development of Education in the direction of “Digital Didactics”. The article shows the connection of the proposed typology of organizational and didactic models of blended learning with other typologies and individual models presented in foreign and domestic publications.

Introduction. Despite the increasing importance of the vocational education and training systems in the developed countries, with rare exceptions, there are no strategic management tools adequate to the present context. The system of vocational education and training (VET), being a complex and multidimensional object, requires adequate approaches to manage its development. The present article demonstrates one of these approaches based on forecasting possible system states in the long term, identifying and comparing alternative development scenarios. The requirements for describing scenarios for the development of regional vocational education and training system, including the possible structure of the description and parameters of the scenarios, are presented and justified. The advantages of an approach to forecasting, based on a comprehensive qualitative description of possible states of the regional ecosystem of VET, are shown.The aim of the present article was to demonstrate a scientific approach to long-term forecasting of the development of vocational education and training.Methodology and research methods. The current research is based on the methodology of system analysis of social objects, using the methods of comparative analysis and modeling of social systems, scenario planning and expert methods.Results and scientific novelty. As a result of the research, a methodology for the scientific description of scenarios for the development of vocational education and training, under the influence of a set of probable factors, was developed. The novelty of the results lies in the possibility of constructing a number of alternative scenarios using relatively stable model modules.Practical significance. The research results can be applied in the process of strategic planning for the development of vocational education and training in the regions of the Russian Federation, as well as for the regional vocational education and training systems of other countries.

The aim of the study is to analyze comprehensive information on the use of epidural injections in the treatment and diagnosis of patients with herniated intervertebral discs. Epidemiology and modern concepts of the pathogenesis of pain syndrome formation in patients with herniated intervertebral discs, algorithms and methods of conservative and surgical treatment of such patients are highlighted. Information on the methods and features of various routes of epidural injections used for these drugs is presented, as well as a comparative assessment of their effectiveness and safety. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of transforaminal epidural block is discussed separately.

We report a case of a 47-years old woman presented to our department with the diagnosis of Chiari I malformation and extensive hydrosyringomyelia. Her main complains were severe headache and chronic pain syndrome in the left side of her breast and left arm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed alterations suggestive of the presence of intracranial hypotension (IH), that was confirmed by measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure and then CSF venous fistula was detected by computed tomography myelography (CTM). She was successfully surgically treated which leaded to the regression of the clinical symptoms and radiological alterations. Nevertheless, during her recovery after surgery she had an episode of recurrent left arm pain, which was interpreted as secondary cervical spine degeneration consequence. MRI confirmed C5-C6 disc herniation and transforaminal epidural injection of local anesthetic and corticosteroid solutions was performed. A week later she already felt significant improvement as her pain syndrome regressed a lot. IH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of headache and sagging brainstem and tonsils with cord syrinx on MRI and should not be misinterpreted as Chiari malformation. At the same time, transforaminal epidural injection appears to be an effective tool in modern neurosurgical practice allowing to determine the reason and accurate radiculopathy level.

Herein, the electronic band structure and charge density distribution are theoretically studied in trigonal Se and Te to clarify the uncertainty stemming from the different views on the types of chemical bonding in their crystals and to reconsider the role of valence s- and p-electrons in bonding. The lack of overlapping of the lower and upper bands of valence p-electrons in trigonal Se and the large band separation of valence s- and p-electrons present an opportunity to estimate the contributions of valence s- and p-electrons to the charge densities of two types of bond critical points (BCPs) in trigonal Se. Valence s-electrons and lower p-electrons significantly contribute to the charge density of BCPs of the first type, covalently connecting the nearest neighboring atoms within helical chains. In contrast, the lower and upper valence p-electrons are mainly responsible for the BCPs of the second type linking the neighboring chains in the Se and Te trigonal crystal structures. The nonlocal long-range van der Waals (vdW) correlation functional vdW-DF2, which is important for determining lattice constants, has a minimal effect on BCP parameters, which define the chemical bonding types. The exchange potential of Becke and Johnson modified by Tran and Blaha and the short-range electron–electron correlations considered in the local density approximation correctly reproduce not only the energy bandgap values but also various peculiarities in the electronic band structure of trigonal Se and Te, such as band crossings (Weyl nodes) of the valence p-electrons recently found in trigonal Te via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments.

For a long time, band theory of solids has focused on the energy spectrum, or Hamiltonian eigenvalues. Recently, it was realized that the collection of eigenvectors also contains important physical information. The local geometry of eigenspaces determines the electric polarization, while their global twisting gives rise to the metallic surface states in topological insulators. These phenomena are central topics of the present notes. The shape of eigenspaces is also responsible for many intriguing physical analogies, which have their roots in the theory of vector bundles. We give an informal introduction to the geometry and topology of vector bundles and describe various physical models from this mathematical perspective.

The article is devoted to the study of automation of management processes as a factor of improving the efficiency of the company in the modern market. The authors consider the specifics of the implementation and use ofautomation systems of management processes in enterprises. The key modern reengineering complexes that have a positive impact on the financial result and competitiveness of the company in the market of its business segment are also identified.

Brain glioblastomas (GBM) are notorious for their early local recurrence despite of standard combined treatment. Technologies for recurrent GBM management require further development and research. Resection of malignant gliomas must be followed by an adjuvant treatment. Intraoperative balloon electronic brachytherapy (IBEB) has been recently introduced into clinical practice and could be successfully applied to recurrent GBM management. This article presents the initial results of recurrent GBM management with maximal safe resection followed by IBEB. Material and methods. Patients (n = 11) with recurrent GBM after standard combined treatment were managed with maximal safe microsurgical resection followed by IBEB. The follow-up period after IBEB ranged from 1 to 30 months. Results. The median overall survival for the entire study group of patients included in the statistical analysis (n = 9) was 27 months (range 17–47 months). In the subgroup of patients (n = 4) with contrast-enhanced tumor MRI volume after resection ≤ 2.5 cm3, the median local progression free survival (locPFS) was 21.25 months (range 10–30 months). Conclusion. Initial results in recurrent brain GBMs management with resection followed by IBEB seems to be promising, especially in case of contrast-enhanced tumor volume detected on MRI after resection is less than 2.5 cm3 without signs of multifocal tumor growth.

Aim. (1) To evaluate the efficiency of endovascular embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with seizure or hemorrhage in relation to radicalness and postoperative complication development and (2) to determine the predictors of postoperative complications after endovascular embolization of AVMs.Methods. In this retrospective study, we examined the treatment of 192 patients with brain AVMs with seizure (seizure group; n = 85) or hemorrhage (hemorrhage group; n = 107). All the patients underwent total endovascular embolization of the malformations, and the follow-up period was 12 months. The two different patient groups were identified, and the predictors of the development of adverse events (hemorrhagic and ischemic complications) in the early postoperative period (hospital stay) were determined.Results. Twelve months after control cerebral angiography was performed, recanalization was observed in 7 (8.2%) and 14 (13.1%) patients in the seizure and hemorrhage groups, respectively (p = 0.432). The frequency of complications was 20% and 29.9% in the seizure and hemorrhage groups, respectively (p = 0.162). The mortality rate during hospitalization was 0% and 9.3% in the seizure and hemorrhage groups, respectively (p = 0.026). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that a history of hemorrhage, the location of AVMs in functionally significant zones, and a large maximum size of AVMs are predictors of the development of postoperative complications.Conclusion. Endovascular embolization is an effective, minimally invasive approach for the treatment of different types of brain AVMs. Considering the natural risks of brain AVMs according to the literature, endovascular embolization is associated with a low frequency of early postoperative complications.Received 14 February 2019. Revised 24 May 2019. Accepted 28 May 2019.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Introduction. Over recent years, the issues of building regional systems of human recourses development have been actively discussed in expert community. These issues are perpetually on the agenda of the Russian Federation territories (regions), despite the fact that the projects of various organisations at the federal level have been already finished or are close to completing. The projects are designed to stimulate industrial growth due to workforce recruitment of manufacturing sector by highly qualified specialists. In a number of territories (for example, the Perm Territory, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Belgorod and Tambov Regions, etc.), there are successful practices of managing the personnel training system required by regional economics. However, systemic approaches at the level of the whole country have not been developed yet. The authors of the present publication consider that the unsatisfactory socio-economic efficiency of vocational education is substantially caused by insufficient quality of its management.The aims of this article were the following: to report on the outcomes of comparative-analytical research on the content of regional development programmes of vocational education and the strategy of social and economic development of regions of the Russian Federation and to formulate proposals for the improvement of such programmes as a management tool, which provides quick response to changes of personnel needs in regions and reduction in deficit of skilled workers.Methodology and research methods. In the course of the research, the methods of the criterial and comparative analysis, goal-setting, formalisation and interpretation of results were applied. The authors conducted content analysis and necessity and sufficiency analysis of the documents and materials, which are in open access on the Internet. Programme-based and project-based approaches and mechanisms were considered as methodological base of management of the regional systems of personnel training.Results and scientific novelty. The criteria and indicators of efficiency assessment of regional development programmes of vocational education were presented and justified. The common faults and contradictions of implementation of these programmes, which are specific not only for “typical regions”, but also for some “leading regions”, were revealed and described. It is noted that, at the qualitative and quantitative level, the existing programmes cannot systemically satisfy the needs of the manufacturing sphere for the qualified experts capable to master and implement advanced technologies. The comprehensive solution to this problem demands correction and advancement of administrative activity in two rather autonomous directions – taking measures to improvement of the principles of design of the discussed programmes and their orientation to use modern approaches to the development of vocational education.Practical significance. The authors’ conclusions on the structure and programme content of vocational education development, organisational conditions of their optimisation and effectiveness are addressed to the supreme executive authorities and education governing bodies in different constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Purpose: to estimate influence of volume malformation on the course of structural epilepsy and neurophysiological data. Materials and methods: The study included 207 patients with brain AVM and seizure. 81 patients (pts) were performed by EEG before and after treatment. 103 patients underwent total invasive treatment, 96 pts - partial embolization and 8 pts - subtotal embolization. Follow up was 12 months. Evaluation of treatment was carried out on a scale Engel and ILAE. Results: Patients underwent a total treatment of grade I on the Engel scale were in 74.8 % (77 pts), and 1 grade on the ILAE scale were in 58.3 % (60 pts). Patients with a partial embolization of grade I on the Engel scale were in 40.4 % (42 pts), and 1 grade on the ILAE scale were in 20.2 % (21 pts), which is significantly worse than in the group with total treatment (on the Engel scale F = 5.1, ILAE - F = 5.8, р < 0.01). The subtotal embolization let get the grade I on the Engel scale in 62.5 % (5 pts). There was no significant difference to total treatment and partial embolization ( p > 0.05). By EEG investigated: epileptic and slow-wave activity, focus on the hemisphere, where AVM is localized, disorganization and diffuse changes in bioelectric activity (BA). The BA improvement was in 17.1 % pts in the total treatment group, and in partial embolization group - in 2.5 % pts. However, these data were not significant different ( p = 0.065). So, total treatment of brain AVMs gives the better control of seizure and more often improves EEG data.

In this article, we show the possibility of referencing a full-length core using the data of a high-resolution electrical microscanning method, which were obtained by the russian made instrument KarSar MC-110. Due to the combination of direct and indirect methods of well investigation, it is possible to determine an accurate orientation of the fractures, to tie the parameters related to the openness, length and filling of the fractures. The analysis of the results of the conducted studies is shown on the examples of the wells of the Perm region.

Purpose: The relevance of the problem is caused by an increase in the number of spine-related diseases among children, including scoliosis. Currently, there are no methodologies for the treatment of scoliosis, which ensure an unambiguous positive result. The purpose of the article is to justify the spinal model as an elastic viscoplastic body for further mathematical modeling of the process of spine correction and search for its optimal conditions. Methodology: The leading approach to the study of this problem is the development of techniques for the surgical treatment of deformities of the vertebral column with the aid of an external fixation device for the spine, providing for a rigid connection of the elements of the apparatus with each other and with the spine. The rigid connection between the elements of the external fixation device increases the degree of static indeterminacy of the design, which leads to the occurrence of additional dangerous stresses in the details of the apparatus and in the vertebrae. The control actions in such devices do not provide an adequate result for the process of correction of the vertebral column. Results: The main result is the substantiation of the spine model as an elastic viscoplastic body. This will allow more detailed consideration of the medical and biological features of the spine and the physical and mechanical properties of human bone and soft tissues. The proposed model will allow developing an adaptive design of the device, taking into account specific features of the organism and more effectively managing the correction process. Value: The materials of the article can be useful for scientists, doctors and specialists in conducting scientific research on the problem of spine deformation correction and the development of appropriate technical means.

The article describes the software developed for processing of data of entire genomes of human tuberculous mycobacteria.

The paper studies the issues of aortic stenosis etiology and pathogenesis, clinical assessment of severity based on the distinct symptoms of decompensated aortic defect and echocardiographic measures, and modern methods of aortic stenosis correction. Valve replacement is well known as the «gold standard» in the treatment of aortic stenosis. However, the older-age-group patients with different attendant pathologies are likely to have re-operative complications during the valve replacement operation. The alternative methods of aortic stenosis treating are balloon valvuloplasty and transcatheter implantation of the aortic valve. Analyzing the experience of using the minimally invasive methods of critical aortic stenosis correction convincingly shows reduction of re-operative danger among older-age-group patients with different attendant pathologies and persuades to hospitalize old-aged comorbid patients with significant degrees of aortic valve stenosis and advanced degrees of heart failure to special medical centers. There patients can get an integrated approach to the treatment of this disease that leads to improving treatment results and favorable prognosis in this challenging group of patients.

Based on the annual UNAIDS reports the number of HIVinfected patients is continually growing since 1983. Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) allows to prolong life expectancy, but the problem of life quality and overall survival is still remaining. Nowadays, in the era of ART, one of the main cause of mortality in HIV-infected patients is malignancies. Lymphomas play one of the key roles in this group of diseases. The treatment of lymphomas includes combined regiments of chemotherapy with a curative potential. High dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (auto-HSCT) is the main path of the treatment for relapsed / refractory lymphomas. In the last few years with a development of the genome editing technology auto-HSCT is becoming one of the most promising methods of HIV treatment. The case of “Berlin patient” when allogeneic HSCT from donor with mutation CCR5-delta32 lead to cure from HIV and proof of concept the efficacy of the gene therapy for HIV based on HSCT. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with edited autologous HSC (CCR5 knockout by site-specific genome editing tools with engineering nucleases) is a comprehensive treatment for this cohort of patients. On one hand, high dose chemotherapy with auto-HSCT cures the malignancy; on the other hand auto-HSCT works as a delivery method for the edited cells and creates an environment for the HIV eradication. This review is dedicated to HIV and oncology, methods of treatment of hematological malignancies and HIV-infection using genome editing technology based on HSCT.

Introduction. The research area of “natural calculation” is now widely used for the solution to optimization NP-complete problems including combinatorial tasks of cryptanalysis. A quick overview of the publications devoted to the application of the natural (bioinspired) methods for cryptanalysis is provided. The main work objective is to investigate a possibility of applying bee colony algorithms to the realization of block cipher cryptanalysis. Materials and Methods . The known bee colony techniques belonging to a relatively new class of the bioinspired optimization methods that simulate the processes occurring in wildlife are applied to solve this optimization problem. The description and the block diagram of the bee colony algorithm for the solution to a cryptanalysis task are provided; basic operations performed in parallel at the global level are noted. In the following, a set of independent operators allowing for the concurrent execution is defined. For this purpose, information-logical flowgraphs of the algorithm with the input control and information links are built, as well as matrices of succession, logical incompatibility, and independence are formed. This matrix of independence allows the definition of a set of algorithm operators admitting parallel execution. At that, the dimensionality of the maximal internally stable sets defines the maximum number of the processors used for the algorithm implementation. Research Results . Theoretical estimates of time complexity of the bee colony algorithm are given as the key data. Besides, the problem solution is provided: to find the required smallest number of processors of the homogeneous parallel computing systems with distributed memory, and a uniform plan for the implementation of operators for them, for the cryptanalysis algorithm based on the constructed information-logical graph data-logical graph, and for the preset time. The assessment of the wanted smallest number of processors for the cryptanalysis algorithm implementation, and the evaluation of the total time of the algorithm realization are given. Discussion and Conclusions. The basic research results are: the development of the bee colony algorithm used for the cryptanalysis task solution; the description of its flowchart and the principal par-allel executed stages; the construction of a matrix of independence; the evaluation of the number of processors for the algorithm imple-mentation. It should be noted (and it was observed in the previous works) that the distinctive feature of applying the bioinspired meth-ods of cryptanalysis is the applicability of the encryption-decryption algorithm as a criterion function for the evaluation of the key ac-ceptability defined by the bioinspired method operations. Thus, it can be affirmed that when using the bioinspired methods, the secret key definition process depends not so much on the complexity of the encryption transformations, as on the bioinspired method itself which should provide a sufficient diversity of the key generation