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1. Concentrations of Retinol and α-Tocopherol in Tissue Samples From Anna's Hummingbirds (Calypte anna)

Author

Stephanie M. Diao, Robert H. Poppenga, Gwendolyne Gonzales Alarcio, Janet E. Foley, Ruta R. Bandivadekar, Linda S. Aston, and Lisa A. Tell

Subjects
retinol, α-tocopherol, hummingbird, analytical method, vitamin concentrations, tissue samples, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Retinol (vitamin A) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) concentrations were measured in tissue samples (liver, heart, pectoral muscle, and brain) from Anna's Hummingbirds (Calypte anna). Hummingbirds were after-hatch year birds that were sourced from various rehabilitation centers throughout California. Tissues samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation (SD), and median ppm concentrations were calculated for each vitamin and tissue sample type. A novel analytical method was developed to analyze small mass tissue samples, with the smallest sample mass being 0.05 g for which analysis can be performed. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) concentrations of retinol in hummingbird livers, hearts, and pectoral muscle samples were 269.0 ± 216.9 ppm, 1.8 ± 2.2 ppm, and 0.3 ± 0.1 ppm, respectively. Mean ± SD α-tocopherol concentrations were 6.9 ± 4.6 ppm, 5.5 ± 4.0 ppm, 3.7 ± 2.2 ppm, and 9.1 ± 3.2 ppm for liver, heart, pectoral muscle, and brain samples, respectively. Vitamin concentrations from varying tissue types were compared to determine which were best associated with liver concentrations, the most commonly analyzed tissue for these vitamins. For both retinol and α-tocopherol, heart samples were most strongly associated with the liver samples. The results of this study provide baseline retinol and α-tocopherol concentrations in different tissue types from Anna's hummingbirds. These baseline values may be utilized in conservation efforts to avoid hypervitaminosis and hypovitaminosis of rehabilitated and/or captive hummingbirds by providing guidelines for nutritional targets which could be assessed on post-mortem examinations. Post-mortem examination of birds and measurement of vitamin concentrations in tissues may allow for dietary changes that aid captive hummingbirds.

Published
2020
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3. Sensors and actuators for the advanced LIGO A+ upgrade

Author

S. J. Cooper, C. M. Mow-Lowry, D. Hoyland, J. Bryant, A. Ubhi, J. O’Dell, A. Huddart, S. Aston, and A. Vecchio

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation
Abstract

Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO A+) is a major upgrade to LIGO—the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory. For the A+ project, we have developed, produced, and characterized sensors and electronics to interrogate new optical suspensions designed to isolate optics from vibrations. The central element is a displacement sensor with an integrated electromagnetic actuator known as a BOSEM (Birmingham Optical Sensor and ElectroMagnetic actuator) and its readout and drive electronics required to integrate them into LIGO’s control and data system. In this paper, we report on the improvements to the sensors and the testing procedures undertaken to meet the enhanced performance requirements set out by the A+ upgrade to the detectors. The best devices reach a noise level of 4.5 [Formula: see text] at a measurement frequency of 1 Hz, an improvement of 6.7 times over standard devices.

Published
2023
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4. DREADD-mediated modulation of locus coeruleus inputs to mPFC improves strategy set-shifting

Author

Gary S. Aston Jones, Zackary A. Cope, Stan B. Floresco, and Elena M. Vazey

Subjects
Male, Cognitive Neuroscience, Prefrontal Cortex, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Stimulation, 050105 experimental psychology, Tonic (physiology), Executive Function, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, Rats, Long-Evans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Disengagement theory, Prefrontal cortex, Neurons, Behavior, Animal, 05 social sciences, Cognitive flexibility, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Rats, Genetic Techniques, Energy expenditure, Exploratory Behavior, Locus coeruleus, Locus Coeruleus, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Appropriate modification of behavior in response to our dynamic environment is essential for adaptation and survival. This adaptability allows organisms to maximize the utility of behavior-related energy expenditure. Modern theories of locus coeruleus (LC) function implicate a pivotal role for the noradrenergic nucleus in mediating switches between focused behavior during periods of high utility (exploit) versus disengagement of behavior and exploration of other, more rewarding opportunities. Two modes of activity in LC neurons have been characterized as elements in an Adaptive Gain Theory (AGT) of LC function. In this theory, during periods of accurate and focused behavior, LC neurons exhibit task-related phasic bursts. However, as behavioral utility wanes, phasic activity is suppressed and baseline (tonic) impulse activity increases to facilitate exploration. Our experiments sought to exogenously induce an elevated pattern of activity in LC neurons and their medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) targets to test the tenets of the AGT. This theory posits that tonic activation immediately following a rule change should increase exploration and thereby improve performance on a set-shifting task. Indeed, DREADD mediated stimulation of LC terminals within mPFC decreased trials to reach criterion. However, this effect resulted from improved application of the new rule once the original rule is jettisoned rather than earlier disengagement from the old, ineffective strategy. Such improvements were not seen with global manipulation of LC, consistent with the view that LC-mediated exploration involves specific sub-circuits targeting mPFC. These findings extend our understanding of the role of LC in PFC and flexible behavior.

Published
2019
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5. Search for gravitational waves associated with the August 2006 timing glitch of the Vela pulsar

Author

J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, R. Adhikari, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, E. Amador Ceron, R. S. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, Y. Aso, S. Aston, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Baker, S. Ballmer, D. Barker, B. Barr, P. Barriga, L. Barsotti, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, M. Bastarrika, B. Behnke, M. Benacquista, M. F. Bennett, J. Betzwieser, P. T. Beyersdorf, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, R. Biswas, E. Black, J. K. Blackburn, L. Blackburn, D. Blair, B. Bland, O. Bock, T. P. Bodiya, R. Bondarescu, R. Bork, M. Born, S. Bose, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, J. E. Brau, J. Breyer, D. O. Bridges, M. Brinkmann, M. Britzger, A. F. Brooks, D. A. Brown, A. Bullington, A. Buonanno, O. Burmeister, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, J. Cain, J. B. Camp, J. Cannizzo, K. C. Cannon, J. Cao, C. Capano, L. Cardenas, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, C. Cepeda, T. Chalermsongsak, E. Chalkley, P. Charlton, S. Chatterji, S. Chelkowski, Y. Chen, N. Christensen, S. S. Y. Chua, C. T. Y. Chung, D. Clark, J. Clark, J. H. Clayton, R. Conte, D. Cook, T. R. C. Corbitt, N. Cornish, D. Coward, D. C. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, A. M. Cruise, R. M. Culter, A. Cumming, L. Cunningham, K. Dahl, S. L. Danilishin, K. Danzmann, B. Daudert, G. Davies, E. J. Daw, T. Dayanga, D. DeBra, J. Degallaix, V. Dergachev, R. DeSalvo, S. Dhurandhar, M. Díaz, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, E. E. Doomes, R. W. P. Drever, J. Driggers, J. Dueck, I. Duke, J.-C. Dumas, S. Dwyer, M. Edgar, M. Edwards, A. Effler, P. Ehrens, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. Evans, S. Fairhurst, Y. Faltas, Y. Fan, D. Fazi, H. Fehrmann, L. S. Finn, K. Flasch, S. Foley, C. Forrest, N. Fotopoulos, M. Frede, M. Frei, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, T. T. Fricke, D. Friedrich, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, J. A. Garofoli, S. Ghosh, J. A. Giaime, S. Giampanis, K. D. Giardina, E. Goetz, L. M. Goggin, G. González, S. Goßler, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, A. M. Gretarsson, R. Grosso, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, B. Hage, J. M. Hallam, D. Hammer, G. D. Hammond, C. Hanna, J. Hanson, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, E. D. Harstad, K. Haughian, K. Hayama, T. Hayler, J. Heefner, I. S. Heng, A. Heptonstall, M. Hewitson, S. Hild, E. Hirose, D. Hoak, K. A. Hodge, K. Holt, D. J. Hosken, J. Hough, E. Howell, D. Hoyland, B. Hughey, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, D. R. Ingram, T. Isogai, A. Ivanov, W. W. Johnson, D. I. Jones, G. Jones, R. Jones, L. Ju, P. Kalmus, V. Kalogera, S. Kandhasamy, J. Kanner, E. Katsavounidis, K. Kawabe, S. Kawamura, F. Kawazoe, W. Kells, D. G. Keppel, A. Khalaidovski, F. Y. Khalili, R. Khan, E. Khazanov, H. Kim, P. J. King, J. S. Kissel, S. Klimenko, K. Kokeyama, V. Kondrashov, R. Kopparapu, S. Koranda, D. Kozak, V. Kringel, B. Krishnan, G. Kuehn, J. Kullman, R. Kumar, P. Kwee, P. K. Lam, M. Landry, M. Lang, B. Lantz, N. Lastzka, A. Lazzarini, P. Leaci, M. Lei, N. Leindecker, I. Leonor, H. Lin, P. E. Lindquist, T. B. Littenberg, N. A. Lockerbie, D. Lodhia, M. Lormand, P. Lu, M. Lubinski, A. Lucianetti, H. Lück, A. Lundgren, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, C. Mak, I. Mandel, V. Mandic, S. Márka, Z. Márka, A. Markosyan, J. Markowitz, E. Maros, I. W. Martin, R. M. Martin, J. N. Marx, K. Mason, F. Matichard, L. Matone, R. A. Matzner, N. Mavalvala, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. C. McGuire, G. McIntyre, D. J. A. McKechan, M. Mehmet, A. Melatos, A. C. Melissinos, G. Mendell, D. F. Menéndez, R. A. Mercer, L. Merrill, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, M. S. Meyer, H. Miao, J. Miller, Y. Mino, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, B. Moe, S. D. Mohanty, S. R. P. Mohapatra, G. Moreno, K. Mors, K. Mossavi, C. MowLowry, G. Mueller, H. Müller-Ebhardt, S. Mukherjee, A. Mullavey, J. Munch, P. G. Murray, T. Nash, R. Nawrodt, J. Nelson, G. Newton, E. Nishida, A. Nishizawa, J. O’Dell, B. O’Reilly, R. O’Shaughnessy, E. Ochsner, G. H. Ogin, R. Oldenburg, D. J. Ottaway, R. S. Ottens, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, A. Page, Y. Pan, C. Pankow, M. A. Papa, P. Patel, D. Pathak, M. Pedraza, L. Pekowsky, S. Penn, C. Peralta, A. Perreca, M. Pickenpack, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, H. J. Pletsch, M. V. Plissi, F. Postiglione, M. Principe, R. Prix, L. Prokhorov, O. Puncken, V. Quetschke, F. J. Raab, D. S. Rabeling, H. Radkins, P. Raffai, Z. Raics, M. Rakhmanov, V. Raymond, C. M. Reed, T. Reed, H. Rehbein, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, R. Riesen, K. Riles, P. Roberts, N. A. Robertson, C. Robinson, E. L. Robinson, S. Roddy, C. Röver, J. Rollins, J. D. Romano, J. H. Romie, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, K. Ryan, S. Sakata, L. Sammut, L. Sancho de la Jordana, V. Sandberg, V. Sannibale, L. Santamaría, G. Santostasi, S. Saraf, P. Sarin, B. S. Sathyaprakash, S. Sato, M. Satterthwaite, P. R. Saulson, R. Savage, R. Schilling, R. Schnabel, R. Schofield, B. Schulz, B. F. Schutz, P. Schwinberg, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, A. C. Searle, F. Seifert, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, A. Sergeev, B. Shapiro, P. Shawhan, D. H. Shoemaker, A. Sibley, X. Siemens, D. Sigg, A. M. Sintes, G. Skelton, B. J. J. Slagmolen, J. Slutsky, J. R. Smith, M. R. Smith, N. D. Smith, K. Somiya, B. Sorazu, F. Speirits, A. J. Stein, L. C. Stein, S. Steplewski, A. Stochino, R. Stone, K. A. Strain, S. Strigin, A. Stroeer, A. L. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, M. Sung, S. Susmithan, P. J. Sutton, G. P. Szokoly, D. Talukder, D. B. Tanner, S. P. Tarabrin, J. R. Taylor, R. Taylor, K. A. Thorne, K. S. Thorne, A. Thüring, C. Titsler, K. V. Tokmakov, C. Torres, C. I. Torrie, G. Traylor, M. Trias, L. Turner, D. Ugolini, K. Urbanek, H. Vahlbruch, M. Vallisneri, C. Van Den Broeck, M. V. van der Sluys, A. A. van Veggel, S. Vass, R. Vaulin, A. Vecchio, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, C. Veltkamp, A. Villar, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyachanin, S. J. Waldman, L. Wallace, A. Wanner, R. L. Ward, P. Wei, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, L. Wen, S. Wen, P. Wessels, M. West, T. Westphal, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, S. E. Whitcomb, B. F. Whiting, C. Wilkinson, P. A. Willems, H. R. Williams, L. Williams, B. Willke, I. Wilmut, L. Winkelmann, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, A. G. Wiseman, G. Woan, R. Wooley, J. Worden, I. Yakushin, H. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, D. Yeaton-Massey, S. Yoshida, M. Zanolin, L. Zhang, Z. Zhang, C. Zhao, N. Zotov, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig, and S. Buchner

Published
2011
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6. Concentrations of Retinol and α-Tocopherol in Tissue Samples From Anna's Hummingbirds (Calypte anna)

Author

Robert H. Poppenga, Janet E Foley, Gwendolyne Gonzales Alarcio, Linda S. Aston, Stephanie M Diao, Lisa A. Tell, and Ruta R. Bandivadekar

Subjects
Vitamin, 040301 veterinary sciences, medicine.medical_treatment, Pectoral muscle, hummingbird, High-performance liquid chromatography, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, alpha-tocopherol, medicine, Tocopherol, Veterinary Sciences, Nutrition, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, tissue samples, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, α-tocopherol, biology, General Veterinary, Liver Disease, Prevention, Vitamin E, Retinol, analytical method, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Hypervitaminosis, medicine.disease, chemistry, lcsh:SF600-1100, Digestive Diseases, vitamin concentrations, Calypte, retinol
Abstract

Retinol (vitamin A) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) concentrations were measured in tissue samples (liver, heart, pectoral muscle, and brain) from Anna's Hummingbirds (Calypte anna). Hummingbirds were after-hatch year birds that were sourced from various rehabilitation centers throughout California. Tissues samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation (SD), and median ppm concentrations were calculated for each vitamin and tissue sample type. A novel analytical method was developed to analyze small mass tissue samples, with the smallest sample mass being 0.05 g for which analysis can be performed. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) concentrations of retinol in hummingbird livers, hearts, and pectoral muscle samples were 269.0 ± 216.9 ppm, 1.8 ± 2.2 ppm, and 0.3 ± 0.1 ppm, respectively. Mean ± SD α-tocopherol concentrations were 6.9 ± 4.6 ppm, 5.5 ± 4.0 ppm, 3.7 ± 2.2 ppm, and 9.1 ± 3.2 ppm for liver, heart, pectoral muscle, and brain samples, respectively. Vitamin concentrations from varying tissue types were compared to determine which were best associated with liver concentrations, the most commonly analyzed tissue for these vitamins. For both retinol and α-tocopherol, heart samples were most strongly associated with the liver samples. The results of this study provide baseline retinol and α-tocopherol concentrations in different tissue types from Anna's hummingbirds. These baseline values may be utilized in conservation efforts to avoid hypervitaminosis and hypovitaminosis of rehabilitated and/or captive hummingbirds by providing guidelines for nutritional targets which could be assessed on post-mortem examinations. Post-mortem examination of birds and measurement of vitamin concentrations in tissues may allow for dietary changes that aid captive hummingbirds.

Published
2020

7. Do UK crops and grassland require greater inputs of sulphur fertilizer in response to recent and forecast reductions in sulphur emissions and deposition?

Author

K. Vincent, A. Fraser, B. Roth, Calvin Jephcote, R. Rose, J. Wiltshire, S. Aston, and J. Webb

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Sulfur, Grassland, Crop, Nutrient, chemistry, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Fertilizer, Leaching (agriculture), Agronomy and Crop Science, Deposition (chemistry), Air quality index, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

UK emissions of sulphur dioxide decreased by 94% between 1970 and 2010 and are projected to decrease by another 50% by 2020 as coal fired power stations are decommissioned. We used the Community Multiscale Air Quality model to create maps of sulphur (S) deposition to assess the impact of these forecast decreases in S emissions on net S deposition to crops in England and Wales. Currently, average S deposition, net of S leaching, varies little between the UK regions, being greatest in Yorkshire and Humberside (Y&H), at ca. 5–6 kg/ha S, and least in Wales, at ca. 3–4 kg/ha S. However, even in Y&H S deposition is no more than 25% of S uptake by cereals and only ca. 10% of S uptake by oilseed rape (OSR). By 2020, net S deposition is predicted to decrease by between 30 and 60% and will be no more than 15% of S uptake by cereal crops and 375-mm overwinter rainfall. The need for S fertilizer appears to be greatest for grass swards cut more than once.

Published
2016
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8. A Collaborative Study: Determination of Mycotoxins in Corn, Peanut Butter, and Wheat Flour Using Stable Isotope Dilution Assay (SIDA) and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Author

Wenlu Song, Yanxuan Cai, Jon W. Wong, Brian D. Eitzer, Huy Mai, Timothy H. Begley, Alexandra J. Krynitsky, Gavin Southwood, Kai Zhang, Sanghamitra Majumdar, Theodore Lapainis, Kevin Tran, Aref El-Demerdash, Matthew R. Schaab, Elizabeth R. Tor, Victor A Vega, and Linda S. Aston

Subjects
Ochratoxin A, Aflatoxin, Peanut butter, Arachis, Flour, Wheat flour, Indicator Dilution Techniques, Food Contamination, 01 natural sciences, Zea mays, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Mycotoxin, Zearalenone, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Triticum, Chromatography, 010401 analytical chemistry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Chemistry, Mycotoxins, 040401 food science, 0104 chemical sciences, Certified reference materials, chemistry, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) and LC-MS/MS for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2; deoxynivalenol; fumonisins B1, B2, and B3; ochratoxin A; HT-2 toxin; T-2 toxin; and zearalenone in foods. Samples were fortified with 12 13C uniformly labeled mycotoxins (13C-IS) corresponding to the native mycotoxins and extracted with acetonitrile/water (50:50 v/v), followed by centrifugation, filtration, and LC-MS/MS analysis. In addition to certified reference materials, the six participating laboratories analyzed corn, peanut butter, and wheat flour fortified with the 12 mycotoxins at concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 1000 ng/g. Using their available LC-MS/MS platform, each laboratory developed in-house instrumental conditions for analysis. The majority of recoveries ranged from 80 to 120% with relative standard derivations (RSDs)

Published
2016

9. Lengthening of the congenital short femur using the Ilizarov technique

Author

P. R. Calder, R. A. Hill, J. Hartley, D. Baker, and W. J. S. Aston

Subjects
Male, Ilizarov Technique, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Osteotomy, medicine, Humans, Internal fixation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Femur, Child, Reduction (orthopedic surgery), Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Leg Length Inequality, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, Orthopedic surgery, Nail (anatomy), Female, Congenital short femur, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

We present a retrospective review of a single-surgeon series of 30 consecutive lengthenings in 27 patients with congenital short femur using the Ilizarov technique performed between 1994 and 2005. The mean increase in length was 5.8 cm/18.65% (3.3 to 10.4, 9.7% to 48.8%), with a mean time in the frame of 223 days (75 to 363). By changing from a distal to a proximal osteotomy for lengthening, the mean range of knee movement was significantly increased from 98.1° to 124.2° (p = 0.041) and there was a trend towards a reduced requirement for quadricepsplasty, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). The overall incidence of regenerate deformation or fracture requiring open reduction and internal fixation was similar in the distal and proximal osteotomy groups (56.7% and 53.8%, respectively). However, in the proximal osteotomy group, pre-placement of a Rush nail reduced this rate from 100% without a nail to 0% with a nail (p < 0.001). When comparing a distal osteotomy with a proximal one over a Rush nail for lengthening, there was a significant decrease in fracture rate from 58.8% to 0% (p = 0.043). We recommend that in this group of patients lengthening of the femur with an Ilizarov construct be carried out through a proximal osteotomy over a Rush nail. Lengthening should also be limited to a maximum of 6 cm during one treatment, or 20% of the original length of the femur, in order to reduce the risk of complications.

Published
2009
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10. Diagnostic Determination of Melamine and Related Compounds in Kidney Tissue by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Author

Michael S. Filigenzi, Linda S. Aston, Birgit Puschner, and Robert H. Poppenga

Subjects
Chromatography, Triazines, Selected reaction monitoring, Food Contamination, Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization, General Chemistry, Ammeline, Kidney, Animal Feed, Resins, Synthetic, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, Ammelide, Melamine cyanurate, Animals, Kidney Diseases, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Cyanuric acid, Melamine, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Abstract

In 2007, it was determined that melamine, ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid (abbreviated as MARC for melamine and related contaminants) had been added to wheat gluten and rice protein that were subsequently incorporated into pet food. The consumption of food tainted by MARC compounds was implicated in numerous instances of renal failure in cats and dogs. A method for the analysis of MARC compounds in kidney tissue using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) has been developed. MARC analytes were extracted by homogenization of kidney tissue in 50/40/10 acetonitrile/water/diethylamine. The homogenate was centrifuged, and an aliquot of supernatant was diluted with acetonitrile, concentrated, and fortified with a stable isotope-labeled analogue of melamine. Analytes were detected using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and multiple reaction monitoring. Quantitation of positive samples was performed using the internal standard method and five-point calibration curves ranging between 50 and 1000 ng/mL of each analyte. The method was validated by analysis of replicate kidney tissue samples fortified with the individual analytes and by analysis of kidney samples fortified with melamine cyanurate powder at two different concentrations. This method was successfully used for routine postmortem diagnosis of melamine toxicosis in animals. Melamine was also detected by this method in paraffin-embedded tissue from animals suspected to have died of melamine toxicosis.

Published
2008
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11. Method for the detection of desmethylbromethalin in animal tissue samples for the determination of bromethalin exposure

Author

Adrienne C. Bautista, Linda S. Aston, Michael S. Filigenzi, and Robert H. Poppenga

Subjects
Electrospray, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Chromatography, Aniline Compounds, Chemistry, Electrospray ionization, Metabolite, Selected reaction monitoring, Ethyl acetate, Foxes, Rodenticides, General Chemistry, Environmental Exposure, Mass spectrometry, Bromethalin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adipose Tissue, Liver, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Animals, Rodenticide, Cattle, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Abstract

Bromethalin, a potent neurotoxin, is widely available for use as a rodenticide. As access to other rodenticides is reduced due to regulatory pressure, the use of bromethalin is likely to increase with a concomitant increase in poisonings in nontarget animals. Analytical methods for the detection of bromethalin residues in animals suspected to have been exposed to this rodenticide are needed to support post-mortem diagnosis of toxicosis. This paper describes a novel method for the analysis of desmethylbromethalin (DMB), bromethalin's toxic metabolite, in tissue samples such as liver, brain, and adipose. Samples were extracted with 5% ethanol in ethyl acetate, and an aliquot of the extract was evaporated dry, reconstituted, and analyzed by reverse phase ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometer utilized electrospray ionization in negative ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring. This method was qualitatively validated at a level of 1.0 ng/g in liver tissue. The quantitative potential of the method was also evaluated, and a method detection limit of 0.35 ng/g wet weight was determined in fat tissue. DMB was detected in tissue samples from animals suspected to have been poisoned by this compound. To the authors' knowledge, there have been no other methods reported for analysis of DMB in tissue samples using LC-MS/MS.

Published
2015

12. Publisher’s Note: All-sky search for gravitational-wave bursts in the first joint LIGO-GEO-Virgo run [Phys. Rev. D 81, 102001 (2010)]

Author

J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. Accadia, F. Acernese, R. Adhikari, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, E. Amador Ceron, R. S. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, F. Antonucci, M. A. Arain, M. Araya, K. G. Arun, Y. Aso, S. Aston, P. Astone, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Baker, G. Ballardin, S. Ballmer, D. Barker, F. Barone, B. Barr, P. Barriga, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, M. Bastarrika, Th. S. Bauer, B. Behnke, M. G. Beker, A. Belletoile, M. Benacquista, J. Betzwieser, P. T. Beyersdorf, S. Bigotta, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, S. Birindelli, R. Biswas, M. A. Bizouard, E. Black, J. K. Blackburn, L. Blackburn, D. Blair, B. Bland, M. Blom, C. Boccara, O. Bock, T. P. Bodiya, R. Bondarescu, F. Bondu, L. Bonelli, R. Bonnand, R. Bork, M. Born, S. Bose, L. Bosi, B. Bouhou, S. Braccini, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, J. E. Brau, J. Breyer, D. O. Bridges, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, V. Brisson, M. Britzger, A. F. Brooks, D. A. Brown, R. Budzyński, T. Bulik, A. Bullington, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, O. Burmeister, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, J. Cain, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, E. Campagna, J. Cannizzo, K. C. Cannon, B. Canuel, J. Cao, C. D. Capano, F. Carbognani, L. Cardenas, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, C. Cepeda, E. Cesarini, T. Chalermsongsak, E. Chalkley, P. Charlton, E. Chassande-Mottin, S. Chatterji, S. Chelkowski, Y. Chen, A. Chincarini, N. Christensen, S. S. Y. Chua, C. T. Y. Chung, D. Clark, J. Clark, J. H. Clayton, F. Cleva, E. Coccia, C. N. Colacino, J. Colas, A. Colla, M. Colombini, R. Conte, D. Cook, T. R. C. Corbitt, N. Cornish, A. Corsi, J.-P. Coulon, D. Coward, D. C. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, A. M. Cruise, R. M. Culter, A. Cumming, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, K. Dahl, S. L. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, V. Dattilo, B. Daudert, M. Davier, G. Davies, E. J. Daw, R. Day, T. Dayanga, R. De Rosa, D. DeBra, J. Degallaix, M. del Prete, V. Dergachev, R. DeSalvo, S. Dhurandhar, L. Di Fiore, A. Di Lieto, M. Di Paolo Emilio, A. Di Virgilio, M. Díaz, A. Dietz, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, E. E. Doomes, M. Drago, R. W. P. Drever, J. Driggers, J. Dueck, I. Duke, J.-C. Dumas, S. Dwyer, M. Edgar, M. Edwards, A. Effler, P. Ehrens, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. Evans, V. Fafone, S. Fairhurst, Y. Faltas, Y. Fan, D. Fazi, H. Fehrmann, I. Ferrante, F. Fidecaro, L. S. Finn, I. Fiori, R. Flaminio, K. Flasch, S. Foley, C. Forrest, N. Fotopoulos, J.-D. Fournier, J. Franc, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, M. Frede, M. Frei, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, T. T. Fricke, D. Friedrich, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, M. Galimberti, L. Gammaitoni, J. A. Garofoli, F. Garufi, G. Gemme, E. Genin, A. Gennai, S. Ghosh, J. A. Giaime, S. Giampanis, K. D. Giardina, A. Giazotto, E. Goetz, L. M. Goggin, G. González, S. Goßler, R. Gouaty, M. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, A. M. Gretarsson, C. Greverie, R. Grosso, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, G. M. Guidi, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, B. Hage, J. M. Hallam, D. Hammer, G. D. Hammond, C. Hanna, J. Hanson, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, E. D. Harstad, K. Haughian, K. Hayama, J.-F. Hayau, T. Hayler, J. Heefner, H. Heitmann, P. Hello, I. S. Heng, A. Heptonstall, M. Hewitson, S. Hild, E. Hirose, D. Hoak, K. A. Hodge, K. Holt, D. J. Hosken, J. Hough, E. Howell, D. Hoyland, D. Huet, B. Hughey, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, D. R. Ingram, T. Isogai, A. Ivanov, P. Jaranowski, W. W. Johnson, D. I. Jones, G. Jones, R. Jones, L. Ju, P. Kalmus, V. Kalogera, S. Kandhasamy, J. Kanner, E. Katsavounidis, K. Kawabe, S. Kawamura, F. Kawazoe, W. Kells, D. G. Keppel, A. Khalaidovski, F. Y. Khalili, R. Khan, E. Khazanov, H. Kim, P. J. King, J. S. Kissel, S. Klimenko, K. Kokeyama, V. Kondrashov, R. Kopparapu, S. Koranda, I. Kowalska, D. Kozak, V. Kringel, B. Krishnan, A. Królak, G. Kuehn, J. Kullman, R. Kumar, P. Kwee, P. K. Lam, M. Landry, M. Lang, B. Lantz, N. Lastzka, A. Lazzarini, P. Leaci, M. Lei, N. Leindecker, I. Leonor, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, T. G. F. Li, H. Lin, P. E. Lindquist, T. B. Littenberg, N. A. Lockerbie, D. Lodhia, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, P. Lu, M. Lubinski, A. Lucianetti, H. Lück, A. Lundgren, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, E. Majorana, C. Mak, I. Maksimovic, N. Man, I. Mandel, V. Mandic, M. Mantovani, F. Marchesoni, F. Marion, S. Márka, Z. Márka, A. Markosyan, J. Markowitz, E. Maros, J. Marque, F. Martelli, I. W. Martin, R. M. Martin, J. N. Marx, K. Mason, A. Masserot, F. Matichard, L. Matone, R. A. Matzner, N. Mavalvala, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. C. McGuire, G. McIntyre, D. J. A. McKechan, M. Mehmet, A. Melatos, A. C. Melissinos, G. Mendell, D. F. Menéndez, R. A. Mercer, L. Merill, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, M. S. Meyer, H. Miao, C. Michel, L. Milano, J. Miller, Y. Minenkov, Y. Mino, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, B. Moe, M. Mohan, S. D. Mohanty, S. R. P. Mohapatra, J. Moreau, G. Moreno, N. Morgado, A. Morgia, K. Mors, S. Mosca, V. Moscatelli, K. Mossavi, B. Mours, C. MowLowry, G. Mueller, S. Mukherjee, A. Mullavey, H. Müller-Ebhardt, J. Munch, P. G. Murray, T. Nash, R. Nawrodt, J. Nelson, I. Neri, G. Newton, E. Nishida, A. Nishizawa, F. Nocera, E. Ochsner, J. O’Dell, G. H. Ogin, R. Oldenburg, B. O’Reilly, R. O’Shaughnessy, D. J. Ottaway, R. S. Ottens, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, A. Page, G. Pagliaroli, L. Palladino, C. Palomba, Y. Pan, C. Pankow, F. Paoletti, M. A. Papa, S. Pardi, M. Parisi, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, P. Patel, D. Pathak, M. Pedraza, L. Pekowsky, S. Penn, C. Peralta, A. Perreca, G. Persichetti, M. Pichot, M. Pickenpack, F. Piergiovanni, M. Pietka, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, H. J. Pletsch, M. V. Plissi, R. Poggiani, F. Postiglione, M. Prato, M. Principe, R. Prix, G. A. Prodi, L. Prokhorov, O. Puncken, M. Punturo, P. Puppo, V. Quetschke, F. J. Raab, D. S. Rabeling, H. Radkins, P. Raffai, Z. Raics, M. Rakhmanov, P. Rapagnani, V. Raymond, V. Re, C. M. Reed, T. Reed, T. Regimbau, H. Rehbein, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, F. Ricci, R. Riesen, K. Riles, P. Roberts, N. A. Robertson, F. Robinet, C. Robinson, E. L. Robinson, A. Rocchi, S. Roddy, C. Röver, L. Rolland, J. Rollins, J. D. Romano, R. Romano, J. H. Romie, D. Rosińska, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, P. Ruggi, K. Ryan, S. Sakata, F. Salemi, L. Sammut, L. Sancho de la Jordana, V. Sandberg, V. Sannibale, L. Santamaría, G. Santostasi, S. Saraf, P. Sarin, B. Sassolas, B. S. Sathyaprakash, S. Sato, M. Satterthwaite, P. R. Saulson, R. Savage, R. Schilling, R. Schnabel, R. Schofield, B. Schulz, B. F. Schutz, P. Schwinberg, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, A. C. Searle, F. Seifert, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, D. Sentenac, A. Sergeev, B. Shapiro, P. Shawhan, D. H. Shoemaker, A. Sibley, X. Siemens, D. Sigg, A. M. Sintes, G. Skelton, B. J. J. Slagmolen, J. Slutsky, J. R. Smith, M. R. Smith, N. D. Smith, K. Somiya, B. Sorazu, L. Sperandio, A. J. Stein, L. C. Stein, S. Steplewski, A. Stochino, R. Stone, K. A. Strain, S. Strigin, A. Stroeer, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, M. Sung, S. Susmithan, P. J. Sutton, B. Swinkels, G. P. Szokoly, D. Talukder, D. B. Tanner, S. P. Tarabrin, J. R. Taylor, R. Taylor, K. A. Thorne, K. S. Thorne, A. Thüring, C. Titsler, K. V. Tokmakov, A. Toncelli, M. Tonelli, C. Torres, C. I. Torrie, E. Tournefier, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, M. Trias, J. Trummer, L. Turner, D. Ugolini, K. Urbanek, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, M. Vallisneri, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, S. van der Putten, M. V. van der Sluys, S. Vass, R. Vaulin, M. Vavoulidis, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, A. A. van Veggel, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, C. Veltkamp, D. Verkindt, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, A. Villar, J.-Y. Vinet, H. Vocca, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyachanin, S. J. Waldman, L. Wallace, A. Wanner, R. L. Ward, M. Was, P. Wei, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, L. Wen, S. Wen, P. Wessels, M. West, T. Westphal, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, S. E. Whitcomb, B. F. Whiting, C. Wilkinson, P. A. Willems, H. R. Williams, L. Williams, B. Willke, I. Wilmut, L. Winkelmann, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, A. G. Wiseman, G. Woan, R. Wooley, J. Worden, I. Yakushin, H. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, D. Yeaton-Massey, S. Yoshida, M. Yvert, M. Zanolin, L. Zhang, Z. Zhang, C. Zhao, N. Zotov, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig, (Astro)-Particles Physics, Mathematical Analysis, J., Abadie, B., Abbott, R., Abbott, T., Accadia, F., Acernese, R., Adhikari, P., Ajith, B., Allen, G., Allen, E., Amador Ceron, R., Amin, S., Anderson, W., Anderson, F., Antonucci, M., Arain, M., Araya, K., Arun, Y., Aso, S., Aston, P., Astone, P., Aufmuth, C., Aulbert, S., Babak, P., Baker, G., Ballardin, S., Ballmer, D., Barker, F., Barone, B., Barr, P., Barriga, L., Barsotti, M., Barsuglia, M., Barton, I., Barto, R., Bassiri, M., Bastarrika, Bauer, T. h., B., Behnke, M., Beker, A., Belletoile, M., Benacquista, J., Betzwieser, P., Beyersdorf, S., Bigotta, I., Bilenko, G., Billingsley, S., Birindelli, R., Biswa, M., Bizouard, E., Black, J., Blackburn, L., Blackburn, D., Blair, B., Bland, M., Blom, C., Boccara, O., Bock, T., Bodiya, R., Bondarescu, F., Bondu, L., Bonelli, R., Bonnand, R., Bork, M., Born, S., Bose, L., Bosi, B., Bouhou, S., Braccini, C., Bradaschia, P., Brady, V., Braginsky, J., Brau, J., Breyer, D., Bridge, A., Brillet, M., Brinkmann, V., Brisson, M., Britzger, A., Brook, D., Brown, R., Budzyński, T., Bulik, A., Bullington, H., Bulten, A., Buonanno, O., Burmeister, D., Buskulic, C., Buy, R., Byer, L., Cadonati, G., Cagnoli, J., Cain, Calloni, Enrico, J., Camp, E., Campagna, J., Cannizzo, K., Cannon, B., Canuel, J., Cao, C., Capano, F., Carbognani, L., Cardena, S., Caudill, M., Cavaglià, F., Cavalier, R., Cavalieri, G., Cella, C., Cepeda, E., Cesarini, T., Chalermsongsak, E., Chalkley, P., Charlton, E., Chassande Mottin, S., Chatterji, S., Chelkowski, Y., Chen, A., Chincarini, N., Christensen, S., Chua, C., Chung, D., Clark, J., Clark, J., Clayton, F., Cleva, E., Coccia, C., Colacino, J., Cola, A., Colla, M., Colombini, R., Conte, D., Cook, T., Corbitt, N., Cornish, A., Corsi, J. P., Coulon, D., Coward, D., Coyne, J., Creighton, T., Creighton, A., Cruise, R., Culter, A., Cumming, L., Cunningham, E., Cuoco, K., Dahl, S., Danilishin, S., D’Antonio, K., Danzmann, V., Dattilo, B., Daudert, M., Davier, G., Davie, E., Daw, R., Day, T., Dayanga, DE ROSA, Rosario, D., Debra, J., Degallaix, M., del Prete, V., Dergachev, R., Desalvo, S., Dhurandhar, L., Di Fiore, A., Di Lieto, M., Di Paolo Emilio, A., Di Virgilio, M., Díaz, A., Dietz, F., Donovan, K., Dooley, E., Doome, M., Drago, R., Drever, J., Drigger, J., Dueck, I., Duke, J. C., Duma, S., Dwyer, M., Edgar, M., Edward, A., Effler, P., Ehren, T., Etzel, M., Evan, T., Evan, V., Fafone, S., Fairhurst, Y., Falta, Y., Fan, D., Fazi, H., Fehrmann, I., Ferrante, F., Fidecaro, L., Finn, I., Fiori, R., Flaminio, K., Flasch, S., Foley, C., Forrest, N., Fotopoulo, J. D., Fournier, J., Franc, S., Frasca, F., Frasconi, M., Frede, M., Frei, Z., Frei, A., Freise, R., Frey, T., Fricke, D., Friedrich, P., Fritschel, V., Frolov, P., Fulda, M., Fyffe, M., Galimberti, L., Gammaitoni, J., Garofoli, Garufi, Fabio, G., Gemme, E., Genin, A., Gennai, S., Ghosh, J., Giaime, S., Giampani, K., Giardina, A., Giazotto, E., Goetz, L., Goggin, G., González, S., Goßler, R., Gouaty, M., Granata, A., Grant, S., Gra, C., Gray, R., Greenhalgh, A., Gretarsson, C., Greverie, R., Grosso, H., Grote, S., Grunewald, G., Guidi, E., Gustafson, R., Gustafson, B., Hage, J., Hallam, D., Hammer, G., Hammond, C., Hanna, J., Hanson, J., Harm, G., Harry, I., Harry, E., Harstad, K., Haughian, K., Hayama, J. F., Hayau, T., Hayler, J., Heefner, H., Heitmann, P., Hello, I., Heng, A., Heptonstall, M., Hewitson, S., Hild, E., Hirose, D., Hoak, K., Hodge, K., Holt, D., Hosken, J., Hough, E., Howell, D., Hoyland, D., Huet, B., Hughey, S., Husa, S., Huttner, D., Ingram, T., Isogai, A., Ivanov, P., Jaranowski, W., Johnson, D., Jone, G., Jone, R., Jone, L., Ju, P., Kalmu, V., Kalogera, S., Kandhasamy, J., Kanner, E., Katsavounidi, K., Kawabe, S., Kawamura, F., Kawazoe, W., Kell, D., Keppel, A., Khalaidovski, F., Khalili, R., Khan, E., Khazanov, H., Kim, P., King, J., Kissel, S., Klimenko, K., Kokeyama, V., Kondrashov, R., Kopparapu, S., Koranda, I., Kowalska, D., Kozak, V., Kringel, B., Krishnan, A., Królak, G., Kuehn, J., Kullman, R., Kumar, P., Kwee, P., Lam, M., Landry, M., Lang, B., Lantz, N., Lastzka, A., Lazzarini, P., Leaci, M., Lei, N., Leindecker, I., Leonor, N., Leroy, N., Letendre, T., Li, H., Lin, P., Lindquist, T., Littenberg, N., Lockerbie, D., Lodhia, M., Lorenzini, V., Loriette, M., Lormand, G., Losurdo, P., Lu, M., Lubinski, A., Lucianetti, H., Lück, A., Lundgren, B., Machenschalk, M., Macinni, M., Mageswaran, K., Mailand, E., Majorana, C., Mak, I., Maksimovic, N., Man, I., Mandel, V., Mandic, M., Mantovani, F., Marchesoni, F., Marion, S., Márka, Z., Márka, A., Markosyan, J., Markowitz, E., Maro, J., Marque, F., Martelli, I., Martin, R., Martin, J., Marx, K., Mason, A., Masserot, F., Matichard, L., Matone, R., Matzner, N., Mavalvala, R., Mccarthy, D., Mcclelland, S., Mcguire, G., Mcintyre, D., Mckechan, M., Mehmet, A., Melato, A., Melissino, G., Mendell, D., Menéndez, R., Mercer, L., Merill, S., Meshkov, C., Messenger, M., Meyer, H., Miao, C., Michel, L., Milano, J., Miller, Y., Minenkov, Y., Mino, S., Mitra, V., Mitrofanov, G., Mitselmakher, R., Mittleman, O., Miyakawa, B., Moe, M., Mohan, S., Mohanty, S., Mohapatra, J., Moreau, G., Moreno, N., Morgado, A., Morgia, K., Mor, S., Mosca, V., Moscatelli, K., Mossavi, B., Mour, C., Mowlowry, G., Mueller, S., Mukherjee, A., Mullavey, H., Müller Ebhardt, J., Munch, P., Murray, T., Nash, R., Nawrodt, J., Nelson, I., Neri, G., Newton, E., Nishida, A., Nishizawa, F., Nocera, E., Ochsner, J., O’Dell, G., Ogin, R., Oldenburg, B., O’Reilly, R., O’Shaughnessy, D., Ottaway, R., Otten, H., Overmier, B., Owen, A., Page, G., Pagliaroli, L., Palladino, C., Palomba, Y., Pan, C., Pankow, F., Paoletti, M., Papa, S., Pardi, M., Parisi, A., Pasqualetti, R., Passaquieti, D., Passuello, P., Patel, D., Pathak, M., Pedraza, L., Pekowsky, S., Penn, C., Peralta, A., Perreca, G., Persichetti, M., Pichot, M., Pickenpack, F., Piergiovanni, M., Pietka, L., Pinard, I., Pinto, M., Pitkin, H., Pletsch, M., Plissi, R., Poggiani, F., Postiglione, M., Prato, M., Principe, R., Prix, G., Prodi, L., Prokhorov, O., Puncken, M., Punturo, P., Puppo, V., Quetschke, F., Raab, D., Rabeling, H., Radkin, P., Raffai, Z., Raic, M., Rakhmanov, P., Rapagnani, V., Raymond, V., Re, C., Reed, T., Reed, T., Regimbau, H., Rehbein, S., Reid, D., Reitze, F., Ricci, R., Riesen, K., Rile, P., Robert, N., Robertson, F., Robinet, C., Robinson, E., Robinson, A., Rocchi, S., Roddy, C., Röver, L., Rolland, J., Rollin, J., Romano, R., Romano, J., Romie, D., Rosińska, S., Rowan, A., Rüdiger, P., Ruggi, K., Ryan, S., Sakata, F., Salemi, L., Sammut, L., Sancho de la Jordana, V., Sandberg, V., Sannibale, L., Santamaría, G., Santostasi, S., Saraf, P., Sarin, B., Sassola, B., Sathyaprakash, S., Sato, M., Satterthwaite, P., Saulson, R., Savage, R., Schilling, R., Schnabel, R., Schofield, B., Schulz, B., Schutz, P., Schwinberg, J., Scott, S., Scott, A., Searle, F., Seifert, D., Seller, A., Sengupta, D., Sentenac, A., Sergeev, B., Shapiro, P., Shawhan, D., Shoemaker, A., Sibley, X., Siemen, D., Sigg, A., Sinte, G., Skelton, B., Slagmolen, J., Slutsky, J., Smith, M., Smith, N., Smith, K., Somiya, B., Sorazu, L., Sperandio, A., Stein, L., Stein, S., Steplewski, A., Stochino, R., Stone, K., Strain, S., Strigin, A., Stroeer, R., Sturani, A., Stuver, T., Summerscale, M., Sung, S., Susmithan, P., Sutton, B., Swinkel, G., Szokoly, D., Talukder, D., Tanner, S., Tarabrin, J., Taylor, R., Taylor, K., Thorne, A., Thüring, C., Titsler, K., Tokmakov, A., Toncelli, M., Tonelli, C., Torre, C., Torrie, E., Tournefier, F., Travasso, G., Traylor, M., Tria, J., Trummer, L., Turner, D., Ugolini, K., Urbanek, H., Vahlbruch, G., Vajente, M., Vallisneri, J., van den Brand, C., Van Den Broeck, S., van der Putten, M., van der Sluy, S., Va, R., Vaulin, M., Vavoulidi, A., Vecchio, G., Vedovato, A., van Veggel, J., Veitch, P., Veitch, C., Veltkamp, D., Verkindt, F., Vetrano, A., Viceré, A., Villar, J. Y., Vinet, H., Vocca, C., Vorvick, S., Vyachanin, S., Waldman, L., Wallace, A., Wanner, R., Ward, M., Wa, P., Wei, M., Weinert, A., Weinstein, R., Wei, L., Wen, S., Wen, P., Wessel, M., West, T., Westphal, K., Wette, J., Whelan, S., Whitcomb, B., Whiting, C., Wilkinson, P., Willem, H., William, L., William, B., Willke, I., Wilmut, L., Winkelmann, W., Winkler, C., Wipf, A., Wiseman, G., Woan, R., Wooley, J., Worden, I., Yakushin, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, D., Yeaton Massey, S., Yoshida, M., Yvert, M., Zanolin, L., Zhang, Z., Zhang, C., Zhao, N., Zotov, M., Zucker, and J., Zweizig

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Detection of gravitational waves, Gravitational wave, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, LIGO, Cosmology, Gravitation, Theoretical physics, Sky, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Joint (geology), media_common
Abstract

This paper was published online on 5 May 2010 with an omission in the Collaboration author list. S. Dwyer has been added as of 12 April 2012. The Collaboration author list is incorrect in the printed version of the journal

Published
2012
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13. Quantitation of Metabolites of the Nerve Agents Sarin, Soman, Cyclohexylsarin, VX, and Russian VX in Human Urine Using Isotope-Dilution Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Author

W. Jack Driskell, John R. Barr, Linda S. Aston, and Rodolfo A. Martinez

Subjects
Sarin, Chemical Health and Safety, Chromatography, Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Metabolite, Russian-VX, Isotope dilution, Toxicology, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Soman, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Gas chromatography, Nerve agent, medicine.drug
Abstract

Organophosphorus nerve agents are among the most toxic organic compounds known and continue to be a threat for both military and terrorist use. We have developed an isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (GC-MS-MS) method for quantitating the urinary metabolites of the organophosphorus nerve agents sarin (GB), soman (GD), VX, Russian VX (RVX), and cyclohexylsarin (GF). Urine samples were acidified, extracted into ether-acetonitrile, derivatized by methylation with diazomethane, and analyzed by GC-MS-MS. The limits of detection were less than 1 micro g/L for all analytes.

Published
2004
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14. Correspondence: preformed biomarkers in produce inflate human organophosphate exposure assessments

Author

Xiaofei Zhang, Travis M Dinoff, Robert I. Krieger, Ryan L Williams, Linda S Aston, Gosia Myers, and John H. Ross

Subjects
Male, Insecticides, Letter, Urban Population, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Food Contamination, chemistry.chemical_compound, Organophosphorus Compounds, Environmental health, Vegetables, Medicine, Humans, business.industry, Organophosphate, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Agriculture, Environmental exposure, Environmental Exposure, Diet, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Child, Preschool, Fruit, Female, Food, Organic, business
Abstract

We assessed organophosphorus (OP) pesticide exposure from diet by biological monitoring among Seattle, Washington, preschool children. Parents kept food diaries for 3 days before urine collection, and they distinguished organic and conventional foods based on label information. Children were then classified as having consumed either organic or conventional diets based on analysis of the diary data. Residential pesticide use was also recorded for each home. We collected 24-hr urine samples from 18 children with organic diets and 21 children with conventional diets and analyzed them for five OP pesticide metabolites. We found significantly higher median concentrations of total dimethyl alkylphosphate metabolites than total diethyl alkylphosphate metabolites (0.06 and 0.02 micro mol/L, respectively; p = 0.0001). The median total dimethyl metabolite concentration was approximately six times higher for children with conventional diets than for children with organic diets (0.17 and 0.03 micro mol/L; p = 0.0003); mean concentrations differed by a factor of nine (0.34 and 0.04 micro mol/L). We calculated dose estimates from urinary dimethyl metabolites and from agricultural pesticide use data, assuming that all exposure came from a single pesticide. The dose estimates suggest that consumption of organic fruits, vegetables, and juice can reduce children's exposure levels from above to below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's current guidelines, thereby shifting exposures from a range of uncertain risk to a range of negligible risk. Consumption of organic produce appears to provide a relatively simple way for parents to reduce their children's exposure to OP pesticides.

Published
2003

15. An animal model for copper-associated cirrhosis in infancy

Author

S. Variend, Pauline A. Morris, M. S. Tanner, and Nicola S. Aston

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, medicine.diagnostic_test, Pyrrolizidine alkaloid, Hepatotoxin, chemistry.chemical_element, Biology, Indian childhood cirrhosis, medicine.disease, Copper, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Endocrinology, chemistry, Fibrosis, Internal medicine, Toxicity, medicine, Liver function tests
Abstract

In Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) and related disorders of infancy, hepatic copper overload is associated with cirrhosis. Since copper administration alone has not been shown to induce cirrhosis in animals, synergy between copper and a second hepatotoxin has been suggested. This study investigates the ability of long-term exposure to copper and a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, retrorsine, to produce a model of copper-associated cirrhosis in rats. Groups of rat pups suckled on mothers fed 25 mg/kg diet retrorsine were weaned onto a diet containing 0.5 g/kg diet copper and retrorsine in varying dosage for 13 weeks. Histological similarities between the human disease and rats given copper with retrorsine 5 mg/kg diet included parenchymal destruction, fibrosis, nodular regeneration, and copper accumulation. There were significant histological differences from the human disorder, possibly attributable to inter-species variability or the critical timing or duration of exposure to hepatotoxins in the neonatal period. The hypothesis that ICC results from copper and a second hepatotoxin has not been disproved.

Published
1998
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16. Fate of Summertime Airborne Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in the Sierra Nevada Mountains

Author

James N. Seiber and Linda S. Aston

Subjects
Hydrology, Environmental Engineering, Oxon, Pesticide residue, biology, Sequoia, Organophosphate, Air pollution, Methidathion, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Pesticide, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Pollution, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Chlorpyrifos, medicine, Environmental science, Waste Management and Disposal, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

This study examines the processes of dilution, degradation, and sorption to plant foliage of organophosphate (OP) pesticides during the summertime in an air corridor originating in the southern Central Valley of California and moving into the nearby Sierra Nevada mountains. Residues of chlorpyrifos, methidathion, and their oxons were examined in air and pine needles at three sites in the southern Sierra to delineate the role these processes play in the atmospheric fate of these residues. At the site closest to the Central Valley, we found relatively high levels of parent OPs and oxons in needle and air samples. At higher elevations needles contained lesser amounts of OP residues and at lower frequency, while air primarily contained the oxon form. With increasing elevation the ratio of thion to oxon form of chlorpyrifos in air decreased from 1.85 to 0.46 indicating that atmospheric oxidation was occuring. Based on the amounts of foliar deposition found, we estimate that during summer months nearly 16 kg of chlorpyrifos and its oxon may enter Sequoia National Park plant foliage. We deduce that for airborne OP insecticides, foliar deposition is a significant summertime fate process, along with atmospheric degradation and dilution.

Published
1997
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17. Exchange of airborne organophosphorus pesticides with pine needles

Author

James N. Seiber and Linda S. Aston

Subjects
Pesticide residue, Ecology, fungi, Air pollution, food and beverages, Sorption, Bioconcentration, General Medicine, Pesticide, medicine.disease_cause, Snow, Pollution, Environmental chemistry, medicine, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Orchard, Food Science
Abstract

Organophosphate (OP) pesticide residues have been found in rain, snow, fog and air samples collected in the Sierra Nevada mountains. The fate of these residues in this ecosystem is poorly understood. A major component of the Sierra Nevada ecosystem is the varied plant biomass. Interaction between chemicals vapors and plant material has been demonstrated for various semivolatile organic compounds. This research addresses the hypothesis that the extensive forests of the westem slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountains, which lie in the predominant downwind direction from the agricultural Central Valley of California, might serve as sinks for airborne OPs. The main paths of vapor-leaf interaction are cuticular and stomatal. More specifically, interactions may include sorption of residues to surface dust particles, or to the needle surface, solubilization in the cuticular wax of the needle, and penetration to the interior of the needle either by absorption through the stomata or migration through the cuticle. Analytical methods, which can separately assess surface, cuticle adsorbed, cuticle dissolved, and internal needle tissue residues, have been applied in two experimental situations. One involved measuring the vapor-needle distribution coefficient for several OPs exposed as vapors to pine branches in a laboratory chamber. A second, involving air and needle analyses for trees placed in, and downwind from a diazinon-treated orchard, provided outdoor distribution coefficients for comparison with chamber data. This paper addresses these two experimental situations, along with preliminary calculations of possible loading values for forests in the Sierra Nevadas. The results support the hypothesis that forests act as sinks for airborne pesticide vapors.

Published
1996
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18. Methods for the Comparative Analysis of Organophosphate Residues in Four Compartments of Needles of Pinus ponderosa

Author

Linda S. Aston and James N. Seiber

Subjects
Wax, Diazinon, Chemistry, fungi, Dust particles, Organophosphate, food and beverages, General Chemistry, Methidathion, Pesticide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chlorpyrifos, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, Botany, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Ecotoxicology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

The extent of interaction between vapor phase organophosphate pesticides and plant foliage is not known. Pesticide vapors may deposit onto foliage while bound to dust particles, sorb directly to the surface, sorb into the cuticle, or penetrate to the interior of the leaf. On the basis of these different modes of interaction, four compartments of leaves are identified as significant: water-dislodgable surface material; surfactant-soluble surface material; chloroform-soluble cuticular wax; and the remaining material after the removal of the first three compartments. Analytical methods have been developed for the comparative determination of organophosphate insecticides in these four compartments of Pinus ponderosa needles and of their oxons in the first three. Method recoveries and detection limits were determined with diazinon, methidathion, and chlorpyrifos and their respective oxons in extracts of untreated pines and were then field-tested with needles collected from ponderosa pines growing in the Arbor...

Published
1996
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19. Interfacial properties of mixtures of lecithin with a block copolymer surfactant at the water/air and water/oil interfaces

Author

T. M. Herrington, M. S. Aston, and Th. F. Tadros

Subjects
food.ingredient, Polymers and Plastics, Ethylene oxide, Phospholipid, Aqueous two-phase system, Lecithin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, food, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Pulmonary surfactant, Phosphatidylcholine, Monolayer, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, Organic chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract

Surface pressure-area isotherms have been determined for both a pure lecithin (L, α-dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline) and an impure lecithin (soya bean lecithin) at the water/air and water/oil interfaces. Equations of state have been applied and an equation of Gaines was found to be particularly successful in describing the isotherms. Mixed monolayers with an ABA nonionic block copolymer surfactant (A is poly(12-hydroxystearic) acid and B is poly(ethylene oxide)) were also investigated. The additivity rule was obeyed only at high surface pressures; inefficient packing was observed at low surface pressures. The polymer may promote a horizontal headgroup orientation in the lecithin, which gives rise to this effect. The presence of electrolyte up to very high concentrations in the aqueous phase (8.75 mol dm−3 NH4NO3) was shown to expand the lecithin monolayer.

Published
1995
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20. Blood leak alarm interference by hydoxocobalamin is hemodialysis machine dependent

Author

V. S. Rathore, Kelly P. Owen, Mark E. Sutter, G. P. Daubert, J. Cobb, Linda S. Aston, Robert H. Poppenga, Timothy E Albertson, M. E. Clarke, and Jonathan B. Ford

Subjects
Leak, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Computer science, medicine.medical_treatment, Hemodialysis machines, Color, Context (language use), Toxicology, Interference (wave propagation), ALARM, Saline solutions, Renal Dialysis, Hydroxocobalamin, medicine, Humans, False Positive Reactions, Diagnostic Errors, Hematuria, Monitoring, Physiologic, General Medicine, Surgery, Clinical Alarms, Hemodialysis, Patient Safety, Biomedical engineering, medicine.drug
Abstract

Hydroxocobalamin has been reported to interfere with the blood leak alarm on hemodialysis machines making it difficult to use this treatment modality after hydroxocobalamin infusion.The objective was to determine if this interference with hydroxocobalamin occurs across hemodialysis machines by different manufacturers. Additionally, we aimed to see if this represented a colorimetric interference alone or if it is the optical properties of hydroxocobalamin.Hydroxocobalamin was reconstituted per package insert. Food coloring was added to 0.9% saline to create the colors of the visual spectrum. Optical properties of absorbance and transmittance were measured. Hydroxocobalamin and the saline solutions were infused into the Fresenius 2008K™ and the Gambro Phoenix X36™ machines. Times were recorded from the start of the machine until the solution finished or the alarm triggered.When evaluating the Gambro Phoenix X36™ machine and dialysis circuit; the alarm did not trigger. In contrast, the blood leak alarm on the Fresenius 2008K™ machine was tripped by both the red solution and hydoxocobalamin infused per the package insert. The alarm stopped the machine between 128 and 132 seconds for the red solution and between 30 and 35 seconds with the hydroxocobalamin. Membranes of the circuits where the alarm tripped were examined and remained intact without blood. Results were validated on different machines with new circuits.Hydroxocobalamin infusion per package insert and the red saline solution prepared with Red Dye 40 both triggered the blood leak alarm and stopped the Fresenius 2008K™ machine. However, this was not true for the Gambro Phoenix X36™ machine as the alarm never triggered. The interference with the Fresenius 2008K™ appears colorimetric due to normal saline with Red Dye 40 triggering the alarm.We alert physicians to become familiar with the properties of individual dialysis machines prior to use of hydroxocobalamin. When facing difficulties with hemodialysis after the administration of hydroxocobalamin, consider attempting with a different manufactures machine or model if available or contact the manufacturer directly.

Published
2012

21. Evaluation of a rapid screening method for chemical contaminants of concern in four food-related matrices using QuEChERS extraction, UHPLC and high resolution mass spectrometry

Author

Michael S. Filigenzi, Linda S. Aston, Robert H. Poppenga, and Nanette Ehrke

Subjects
Analyte, Carbamate, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, medicine.medical_treatment, Food Contamination, Toxicology, Quechers, Mass Spectrometry, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, medicine, Pesticides, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chromatography, Chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Reproducibility of Results, General Chemistry, General Medicine, Replicate, Mycotoxins, Chemical formula, Animal Feed, Drug Residues, Food Science, Food contaminant
Abstract

A method combining QuEChERS extraction, ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography and full scan high resolution mass spectrometry was evaluated for its use in screening for chemical residues and contaminants in animal-related food matrices. The method was evaluated by analysis of multiple replicates of whole milk, muscle tissue, liver tissue and corn silage. Analytes tested included plant alkaloids, carbamate and organophosphate pesticides, and several types of veterinary drugs. A database containing the chemical formula for each analyte was used to calculate accurate mass-to-charge ratios for expected pseudo-molecular ions. This information, as well as retention times, was used to identify analytes. Of 118 compounds chosen for analysis, 86 were detectable in all fortified replicates of at least one matrix at levels ranging from 1.0 to 5000 ng/g. Variability of response, as measured in % relative standard deviation of peak areas over seven replicate fortified sample analyses, was found to differ among the classes of analytes, ranging from10% to100%. Retention times were stable and analytes were routinely detected at measured mass-to-charge ratios within 2 ppm of their theoretical mass-to-charge ratios. These results indicate that the combination of generic extraction and chromatographic procedures with full scan high resolution mass spectrometry can serve as a useful method for screening complex matrices.

Published
2011

23. Rapid characterization of pesticide residues in contaminated soils by passive sampling devices

Author

John M. Zabik, James N. Seiber, and Linda S. Aston

Subjects
Contaminated soils, Sorbent, Pesticide residue, Waste management, Chemistry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Environmental Chemistry, Pesticide, Soil contamination, Passive sampling, Dilution
Abstract

Waste sites contain a wide variety of toxic compounds that can vary greatly in concentration and distribution throughout an area This presents logistical problems in providing an accurate characterization of the site Passive sampling devices (PSDs), which consist of polymeric bags containing 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, C18 bonded-phase silica sorbent, or XAD-4 resin, are easily deployed by burying in soil They require no power source, and only a simple extraction or dilution before GC analysis As a result, personnel time and study costs are minimized These PSDs were evaluated in both lab and field studies using pesticide wastes as a model Although the 2,2,4-trimethylpentane PSDs accumulated the pesticides to the highest level, they were subject to solvent loss, making them unacceptable for use in soils C18 and XAD-4 PSDs were similar in their abilities to accumulate the pesticides Of these two, the C18 PSDs were easier and faster to analyze

Published
1992
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24. Interfacial properties of mixtures of sorbitan sesquioleate with a block copolymer surfactant at the water/air and water/oil interfaces

Author

Tharwat F. Tadros, Thelma M. Herrington, and Mark S. Aston

Subjects
Chromatography, Ammonium nitrate, General Engineering, Electrolyte, Surface pressure, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, chemistry, Pulmonary surfactant, Chemical engineering, Monolayer, Copolymer, symbols, van der Waals force, Dissolution
Abstract

Surface pressure—area (π-A) isotherms for the non-ionic surfactant sorbitan sesquioleate (Arlacel 83) have been measured at both the water/air and water/oil interfaces. The effect of high concentrations of ammonium nitrate on the monolayer was assessed. Equations of state are applied Gaines' equation is found to be particularly useful. Mixed monolayers with a non-ionic A-B-A block copolymer, where A is poly(12-hydroxystearic) acid B is polyethylene oxide, have been examined. The two surfactants show efficient packing at both the water/air and water/oil interfaces. It is shown that there is no significant effect of the electrolyte on the surfactant close-packed molecular areas up to the maximum electrolyte concentration studied (8.75 mol dm −3 ). There is evidence to suggest that at the water/oil interface the block copolymer improves the stability of the sorbitan sesquioleate film by reducing its tendency for dissolution into the oil phase.

Published
1992
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25. All-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S4 data

Author

B. Abbott, R. Abbott, R. Adhikari, J. Agresti, P. Ajith, B. Allen, R. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Arain, M. Araya, H. Armandula, M. Ashley, S. Aston, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, S. Ballmer, H. Bantilan, B. C. Barish, C. Barker, D. Barker, B. Barr, P. Barriga, M. A. Barton, K. Bayer, K. Belczynski, J. Betzwieser, P. T. Beyersdorf, B. Bhawal, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, R. Biswas, E. Black, K. Blackburn, L. Blackburn, D. Blair, B. Bland, J. Bogenstahl, L. Bogue, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, J. E. Brau, M. Brinkmann, A. Brooks, D. A. Brown, A. Bullington, A. Bunkowski, A. Buonanno, O. Burmeister, D. Busby, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, J. B. Camp, J. Cannizzo, K. Cannon, C. A. Cantley, J. Cao, L. Cardenas, M. M. Casey, G. Castaldi, C. Cepeda, E. Chalkey, P. Charlton, S. Chatterji, S. Chelkowski, Y. Chen, F. Chiadini, D. Chin, E. Chin, J. Chow, N. Christensen, J. Clark, P. Cochrane, T. Cokelaer, C. N. Colacino, R. Coldwell, R. Conte, D. Cook, T. Corbitt, D. Coward, D. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, R. P. Croce, D. R. M. Crooks, A. M. Cruise, A. Cumming, J. Dalrymple, E. D’Ambrosio, K. Danzmann, G. Davies, D. DeBra, J. Degallaix, M. Degree, T. Demma, V. Dergachev, S. Desai, R. DeSalvo, S. Dhurandhar, M. Díaz, J. Dickson, A. Di Credico, G. Diederichs, A. Dietz, E. E. Doomes, R. W. P. Drever, J.-C. Dumas, R. J. Dupuis, J. G. Dwyer, P. Ehrens, E. Espinoza, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. Evans, S. Fairhurst, Y. Fan, D. Fazi, M. M. Fejer, L. S. Finn, V. Fiumara, N. Fotopoulos, A. Franzen, K. Y. Franzen, A. Freise, R. Frey, T. Fricke, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, M. Fyffe, V. Galdi, J. Garofoli, I. Gholami, J. A. Giaime, S. Giampanis, K. D. Giardina, K. Goda, E. Goetz, L. M. Goggin, G. González, S. Gossler, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, M. Gray, J. Greenhalgh, A. M. Gretarsson, R. Grosso, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, M. Guenther, R. Gustafson, B. Hage, D. Hammer, C. Hanna, J. Hanson, J. Harms, G. Harry, E. Harstad, T. Hayler, J. Heefner, I. S. Heng, A. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, M. Hewitson, S. Hild, E. Hirose, D. Hoak, D. Hosken, J. Hough, E. Howell, D. Hoyland, S. H. Huttner, D. Ingram, E. Innerhofer, M. Ito, Y. Itoh, A. Ivanov, D. Jackrel, B. Johnson, W. W. Johnson, D. I. Jones, G. Jones, R. Jones, L. Ju, P. Kalmus, V. Kalogera, D. Kasprzyk, E. Katsavounidis, K. Kawabe, S. Kawamura, F. Kawazoe, W. Kells, D. G. Keppel, F. Ya. Khalili, C. Kim, P. King, J. S. Kissel, S. Klimenko, K. Kokeyama, V. Kondrashov, R. K. Kopparapu, D. Kozak, B. Krishnan, P. Kwee, P. K. Lam, M. Landry, B. Lantz, A. Lazzarini, B. Lee, M. Lei, J. Leiner, V. Leonhardt, I. Leonor, K. Libbrecht, P. Lindquist, N. A. Lockerbie, M. Longo, M. Lormand, M. Lubinski, H. Lück, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, M. Malec, V. Mandic, S. Marano, S. Márka, J. Markowitz, E. Maros, I. Martin, J. N. Marx, K. Mason, L. Matone, V. Matta, N. Mavalvala, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. C. McGuire, M. McHugh, K. McKenzie, J. W. C. McNabb, S. McWilliams, T. Meier, A. Melissinos, G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer, S. Meshkov, E. Messaritaki, C. J. Messenger, D. Meyers, E. Mikhailov, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, S. Mohanty, G. Moreno, K. Mossavi, C. MowLowry, A. Moylan, D. Mudge, G. Mueller, S. Mukherjee, H. Müller-Ebhardt, J. Munch, P. Murray, E. Myers, J. Myers, T. Nash, G. Newton, A. Nishizawa, K. Numata, B. O’Reilly, R. O’Shaughnessy, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, Y. Pan, M. A. Papa, V. Parameshwaraiah, P. Patel, M. Pedraza, S. Penn, V. Pierro, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, H. Pletsch, M. V. Plissi, F. Postiglione, R. Prix, V. Quetschke, F. Raab, D. Rabeling, H. Radkins, R. Rahkola, N. Rainer, M. Rakhmanov, M. Ramsunder, K. Rawlins, S. Ray-Majumder, V. Re, H. Rehbein, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, L. Ribichini, R. Riesen, K. Riles, B. Rivera, N. A. Robertson, C. Robinson, E. L. Robinson, S. Roddy, A. Rodriguez, A. M. Rogan, J. Rollins, J. D. Romano, J. Romie, R. Route, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, L. Ruet, P. Russell, K. Ryan, S. Sakata, M. Samidi, L. Sancho de la Jordana, V. Sandberg, V. Sannibale, S. Saraf, P. Sarin, B. S. Sathyaprakash, S. Sato, P. R. Saulson, R. Savage, P. Savov, S. Schediwy, R. Schilling, R. Schnabel, R. Schofield, B. F. Schutz, P. Schwinberg, S. M. Scott, A. C. Searle, B. Sears, F. Seifert, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, P. Shawhan, D. H. Shoemaker, A. Sibley, J. A. Sidles, X. Siemens, D. Sigg, S. Sinha, A. M. Sintes, B. J. J. Slagmolen, J. Slutsky, J. R. Smith, M. R. Smith, K. Somiya, K. A. Strain, D. M. Strom, A. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, K.-X. Sun, M. Sung, P. J. Sutton, H. Takahashi, D. B. Tanner, M. Tarallo, R. Taylor, J. Thacker, K. A. Thorne, K. S. Thorne, A. Thüring, K. V. Tokmakov, C. Torres, C. Torrie, G. Traylor, M. Trias, W. Tyler, D. Ugolini, C. Ungarelli, K. Urbanek, H. Vahlbruch, M. Vallisneri, C. Van Den Broeck, M. Varvella, S. Vass, A. Vecchio, J. Veitch, P. Veitch, A. Villar, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyachanin, S. J. Waldman, L. Wallace, H. Ward, R. Ward, K. Watts, D. Webber, A. Weidner, M. Weinert, A. Weinstein, R. Weiss, S. Wen, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. M. Whitbeck, S. E. Whitcomb, B. F. Whiting, C. Wilkinson, P. A. Willems, L. Williams, B. Willke, I. Wilmut, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, S. Wise, A. G. Wiseman, G. Woan, D. Woods, R. Wooley, J. Worden, W. Wu, I. Yakushin, H. Yamamoto, Z. Yan, S. Yoshida, N. Yunes, M. Zanolin, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, C. Zhao, N. Zotov, M. Zucker, H. zur Mühlen, and J. Zweizig

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gravitational-wave observatory, Einstein Telescope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, General relativity, Astronomy, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Gravitational-wave astronomy, LIGO, Neutron star, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Gravitational redshift
Abstract

An error has been found in the computation of the C parameter defined in Eq. (44), which led to its overestimation by a factor 2(1/4). The correct values for C are 9.2, 9.7, and 9.3 for the multi-interferometer, H1 and L1 analyses, respectively. None of the upper limits presented in the article were affected.

Published
2009

26. The effect of added electrolyte on surface pressure/area per molecule isotherms

Author

Mark S. Aston and Thelma M. Herrington

Subjects
Surfactant monolayer, Chromatography, Chemistry, technology, industry, and agriculture, Thermodynamics, Electrolyte, Thermodynamic equations, Surface pressure, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Pulmonary surfactant, Copolymer, Molecule, Surface phase
Abstract

Surface pressure—area isotherms of two nonionic surfactants, Synperonic A2 and B246, a block copolymer, were determined at the water—air interface. The effects of high concentrations of electrolyte in the subphase were assessed. It is shown that comparison of the pressure—area isotherms leads to a misinterpretation of the effect of the electrolyte on the surfactant monolayer. It is suggested that the surface tension—area isotherms give a better indication of the true effect of the electrolyte. A qualitative discussion of this point is put on a quantitative basis using thermodynamic equations based on the Gibbs surface phase. Using this new approach, the close-packed molecular areas of the surfactants were shown to be independent of electrolyte concentration. This result contrasts with an apparent increase in the surfactant molecular area in the presence of added electrolyte, indicated by the surface pressure—area isotherms.

Published
1991
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27. Trained nurses can obtain satisfactory bone marrow aspirates and trephine biopsies

Author

S Aston, Christopher Fegan, Donald Milligan, S Lawson, and L Baker

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Medical staff, Nurse practitioners, Bone marrow procedures, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Education, Nursing, Continuing, Trephine biopsy, Bone Marrow, Biopsy, Medical Staff, Hospital, medicine, Humans, Nurse Practitioners, Single-Blind Method, Retrospective Studies, Medical Audit, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General surgery, Biopsy, Needle, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, England, Trephine, Feasibility Studies, Clinical Competence, Bone marrow, business, Research Article
Abstract

AIMS: To assess the feasibility of training nurse practitioners to perform bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy, and to compare the quality of these samples with those obtained by medical staff. METHODS: A retrospective audit was undertaken of nurse practitioner and medical staff performance in bone marrow procedures in a busy haematology day unit. RESULTS: Nurse practitioners fared favourably in comparison with medical staff in performing bone marrow trephine biopsies, with mean biopsy lengths of 11 mm and 10.7 mm respectively. However, only 78% of the smears obtained by the nurses were judged technically satisfactory, compared with 91% prepared by doctors. This discrepancy was thought to be due largely to the quality of slide spreading. CONCLUSIONS: With motivated staff and a structured educational and training programme it is possible for nurse practitioners to perform the techniques of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, and obtain specimens of satisfactory quality, thus improving efficiency of the haematology day unit and increasing quality of patient care.

Published
1999
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28. TigBot - A Wall Climbing Robot for TIG Welding of Stainless Steel Tanks

Author

M. Lang, XiaoQi Chen, James Grant Robertson, M. Taylor, T. McKee, and S. Aston

Subjects
Engineering, Engineering drawing, business.industry, Machine vision, Gas tungsten arc welding, Controller (computing), Mechanical engineering, Welding, Motion control, law.invention, Robot welding, law, Robot, Arc welding, business
Abstract

The University of Canterbury research team takes on the challenge to develop a wall climbing robot which automates tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of stainless steel tanks. The robot, coded "TigBot" is designed to carry a 4kg payload including a welding torch, camera and associated hardware. The device is required to be steerable by an operator and move independently at variable, controlled speeds. Novel locomotion has been developed to produce a smooth motion so as to satisfy continuous welding. This paper firstly examines the feasibility of various techniques for vertical welding, which leads to our conceptual design. It then discusses an adhesion mechanism and locomotion in detail. Experiments are conducted to validate the design and calculations. Optical tracking systems to enable autonomous welder tip positioning are discussed. Finally a prototype TigBot robot is developed by integrating the adhesion mechanism, locomotion, TIG welding system, sensors, and controller.

Published
2008
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29. Publisher’s Note: Upper limits on gravitational wave emission from 78 radio pulsars [Phys. Rev. D76, 042001 (2007)]

Author

B. Abbott, R. Abbott, R. Adhikari, J. Agresti, P. Ajith, B. Allen, R. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Arain, M. Araya, H. Armandula, M. Ashley, S. Aston, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, S. Ballmer, H. Bantilan, B. C. Barish, C. Barker, D. Barker, B. Barr, P. Barriga, M. A. Barton, K. Bayer, K. Belczynski, J. Betzwieser, P. T. Beyersdorf, B. Bhawal, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, R. Biswas, E. Black, K. Blackburn, L. Blackburn, D. Blair, B. Bland, J. Bogenstahl, L. Bogue, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, J. E. Brau, M. Brinkmann, A. Brooks, D. A. Brown, A. Bullington, A. Bunkowski, A. Buonanno, O. Burmeister, D. Busby, W. E. Butler, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, J. B. Camp, J. Cannizzo, K. Cannon, C. A. Cantley, J. Cao, L. Cardenas, K. Carter, M. M. Casey, G. Castaldi, C. Cepeda, E. Chalkey, P. Charlton, S. Chatterji, S. Chelkowski, Y. Chen, F. Chiadini, D. Chin, E. Chin, J. Chow, N. Christensen, J. Clark, P. Cochrane, T. Cokelaer, C. N. Colacino, R. Coldwell, R. Conte, D. Cook, T. Corbitt, D. Coward, D. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, R. P. Croce, D. R. M. Crooks, A. M. Cruise, A. Cumming, J. Dalrymple, E. D’Ambrosio, K. Danzmann, G. Davies, D. DeBra, J. Degallaix, M. Degree, T. Demma, V. Dergachev, S. Desai, R. DeSalvo, S. Dhurandhar, M. Diaz, J. Dickson, A. Di Credico, G. Diederichs, A. Dietz, E. E. Doomes, R. W. P. Drever, J.-C. Dumas, R. J. Dupuis, J. G. Dwyer, P. Ehrens, E. Espinoza, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. Evans, S. Fairhurst, Y. Fan, D. Fazi, M. M. Fejer, L. S. Finn, V. Fiumara, N. Fotopoulos, A. Franzen, K. Y. Franzen, A. Freise, R. Frey, T. Fricke, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, M. Fyffe, V. Galdi, K. S. Ganezer, J. Garofoli, I. Gholami, J. A. Giaime, S. Giampanis, K. D. Giardina, K. Goda, E. Goetz, L. Goggin, G. Gonzalez, S. Gossler, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, M. Gray, J. Greenhalgh, A. M. Gretarsson, R. Grosso, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, M. Guenther, R. Gustafson, B. Hage, D. Hammer, C. Hanna, J. Hanson, J. Harms, G. Harry, E. Harstad, T. Hayler, J. Heefner, I. S. Heng, A. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, M. Hewitson, S. Hild, E. Hirose, D. Hoak, D. Hosken, J. Hough, E. Howell, D. Hoyland, S. H. Huttner, D. Ingram, E. Innerhofer, M. Ito, Y. Itoh, A. Ivanov, D. Jackrel, B. Johnson, W. W. Johnson, D. I. Jones, G. Jones, R. Jones, L. Ju, P. Kalmus, V. Kalogera, D. Kasprzyk, E. Katsavounidis, K. Kawabe, S. Kawamura, F. Kawazoe, W. Kells, D. G. Keppel, F. Ya. Khalili, C. Kim, P. King, J. S. Kissel, S. Klimenko, K. Kokeyama, V. Kondrashov, R. K. Kopparapu, D. Kozak, B. Krishnan, P. Kwee, P. K. Lam, M. Landry, B. Lantz, A. Lazzarini, B. Lee, M. Lei, J. Leiner, V. Leonhardt, I. Leonor, K. Libbrecht, P. Lindquist, N. A. Lockerbie, M. Longo, M. Lormand, M. Lubinski, H. Luck, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, M. Malec, V. Mandic, S. Marano, S. Marka, J. Markowitz, E. Maros, I. Martin, J. N. Marx, K. Mason, L. Matone, V. Matta, N. Mavalvala, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. C. McGuire, M. McHugh, K. McKenzie, J. W. C. McNabb, S. McWilliams, T. Meier, A. Melissinos, G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer, S. Meshkov, E. Messaritaki, C. J. Messenger, D. Meyers, E. Mikhailov, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, S. Mohanty, G. Moreno, K. Mossavi, C. MowLowry, A. Moylan, D. Mudge, G. Mueller, S. Mukherjee, H. Muller-Ebhardt, J. Munch, P. Murray, E. Myers, J. Myers, T. Nash, G. Newton, A. Nishizawa, F. Nocera, K. Numata, B. O’Reilly, R. O’Shaughnessy, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, Y. Pan, M. A. Papa, V. Parameshwaraiah, C. Parameshwaraiah, P. Patel, M. Pedraza, S. Penn, V. Pierro, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, H. Pletsch, M. V. Plissi, F. Postiglione, R. Prix, V. Quetschke, F. Raab, D. Rabeling, H. Radkins, R. Rahkola, N. Rainer, M. Rakhmanov, K. Rawlins, S. Ray-Majumder, V. Re, T. Regimbau, H. Rehbein, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, L. Ribichini, R. Riesen, K. Riles, B. Rivera, N. A. Robertson, C. Robinson, E. L. Robinson, S. Roddy, A. Rodriguez, A. M. Rogan, J. Rollins, J. D. Romano, J. Romie, R. Route, S. Rowan, A. Rudiger, L. Ruet, P. Russell, K. Ryan, S. Sakata, M. Samidi, L. Sancho de la Jordana, V. Sandberg, G. H. Sanders, V. Sannibale, S. Saraf, P. Sarin, B. S. Sathyaprakash, S. Sato, P. R. Saulson, R. Savage, P. Savov, A. Sazonov, S. Schediwy, R. Schilling, R. Schnabel, R. Schofield, B. F. Schutz, P. Schwinberg, S. M. Scott, A. C. Searle, B. Sears, F. Seifert, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, P. Shawhan, D. H. Shoemaker, A. Sibley, J. A. Sidles, X. Siemens, D. Sigg, S. Sinha, A. M. Sintes, B. J. J. Slagmolen, J. Slutsky, J. R. Smith, M. R. Smith, K. Somiya, K. A. Strain, D. M. Strom, A. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, K.-X. Sun, M. Sung, P. J. Sutton, H. Takahashi, D. B. Tanner, M. Tarallo, R. Taylor, J. Thacker, K. A. Thorne, K. S. Thorne, A. Thuring, K. V. Tokmakov, C. Torres, C. Torrie, G. Traylor, M. Trias, W. Tyler, D. Ugolini, C. Ungarelli, K. Urbanek, H. Vahlbruch, M. Vallisneri, C. Van Den Broeck, M. van Putten, M. Varvella, S. Vass, A. Vecchio, J. Veitch, P. Veitch, A. Villar, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyachanin, S. J. Waldman, L. Wallace, H. Ward, R. Ward, K. Watts, D. Webber, A. Weidner, M. Weinert, A. Weinstein, R. Weiss, S. Wen, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. M. Whitbeck, S. E. Whitcomb, B. F. Whiting, S. Wiley, C. Wilkinson, P. A. Willems, L. Williams, B. Willke, I. Wilmut, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, S. Wise, A. G. Wiseman, G. Woan, D. Woods, R. Wooley, J. Worden, W. Wu, I. Yakushin, H. Yamamoto, Z. Yan, S. Yoshida, N. Yunes, M. Zanolin, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, C. Zhao, N. Zotov, M. Zucker, H. zur Muhlen, J. Zweizig, M. Kramer, and A. G. Lyne

Subjects
Gravitation, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gravitational-wave observatory, Gravitational wave, Speed of gravity, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Cosmology, LIGO, Gravitational energy, Gravitational redshift
Abstract

This paper was published online on 3 August 2007 with a formatting error in the fifty-first affiliation in the author list.The affiliation should read as ‘‘University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.’’ The affiliation has beencorrected as of 4 March 2008. The affiliation is incorrect in the printed version of the journal.

Published
2008
Full Text
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30. Upper limit map of a background of gravitational waves

Author

B. Abbott, R. Abbott, R. Adhikari, J. Agresti, P. Ajith, B. Allen, R. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Arain, M. Araya, H. Armandula, M. Ashley, S. Aston, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, S. Ballmer, H. Bantilan, B. C. Barish, C. Barker, D. Barker, B. Barr, P. Barriga, M. A. Barton, K. Bayer, K. Belczynski, J. Betzwieser, P. T. Beyersdorf, B. Bhawal, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, R. Biswas, E. Black, K. Blackburn, L. Blackburn, D. Blair, B. Bland, J. Bogenstahl, L. Bogue, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, J. E. Brau, M. Brinkmann, A. Brooks, D. A. Brown, A. Bullington, A. Bunkowski, A. Buonanno, O. Burmeister, D. Busby, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, J. B. Camp, J. Cannizzo, K. Cannon, C. A. Cantley, J. Cao, L. Cardenas, M. M. Casey, G. Castaldi, C. Cepeda, E. Chalkey, P. Charlton, S. Chatterji, S. Chelkowski, Y. Chen, F. Chiadini, D. Chin, E. Chin, J. Chow, N. Christensen, J. Clark, P. Cochrane, T. Cokelaer, C. N. Colacino, R. Coldwell, R. Conte, D. Cook, T. Corbitt, D. Coward, D. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, R. P. Croce, D. R. M. Crooks, A. M. Cruise, A. Cumming, J. Dalrymple, E. D’Ambrosio, K. Danzmann, G. Davies, D. DeBra, J. Degallaix, M. Degree, T. Demma, V. Dergachev, S. Desai, R. DeSalvo, S. Dhurandhar, M. Diaz, J. Dickson, A. Di Credico, G. Diederichs, A. Dietz, E. E. Doomes, R. W. P. Drever, J.-C. Dumas, R. J. Dupuis, J. G. Dwyer, P. Ehrens, E. Espinoza, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. Evans, S. Fairhurst, Y. Fan, D. Fazi, M. M. Fejer, L. S. Finn, V. Fiumara, N. Fotopoulos, A. Franzen, K. Y. Franzen, A. Freise, R. Frey, T. Fricke, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, M. Fyffe, V. Galdi, J. Garofoli, I. Gholami, J. A. Giaime, S. Giampanis, K. D. Giardina, K. Goda, E. Goetz, L. M. Goggin, G. Gonzalez, S. Gossler, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, M. Gray, J. Greenhalgh, A. M. Gretarsson, R. Grosso, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, M. Guenther, R. Gustafson, B. Hage, D. Hammer, C. Hanna, J. Hanson, J. Harms, G. Harry, E. Harstad, T. Hayler, J. Heefner, I. S. Heng, A. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, M. Hewitson, S. Hild, E. Hirose, D. Hoak, D. Hosken, J. Hough, E. Howell, D. Hoyland, S. H. Huttner, D. Ingram, E. Innerhofer, M. Ito, Y. Itoh, A. Ivanov, D. Jackrel, B. Johnson, W. W. Johnson, D. I. Jones, G. Jones, R. Jones, L. Ju, P. Kalmus, V. Kalogera, D. Kasprzyk, E. Katsavounidis, K. Kawabe, S. Kawamura, F. Kawazoe, W. Kells, D. G. Keppel, F. Ya. Khalili, C. Kim, P. King, J. S. Kissel, S. Klimenko, K. Kokeyama, V. Kondrashov, R. K. Kopparapu, D. Kozak, B. Krishnan, P. Kwee, P. K. Lam, M. Landry, B. Lantz, A. Lazzarini, B. Lee, M. Lei, J. Leiner, V. Leonhardt, I. Leonor, K. Libbrecht, P. Lindquist, N. A. Lockerbie, M. Longo, M. Lormand, M. Lubinski, H. Luck, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, M. Malec, V. Mandic, S. Marano, S. Marka, J. Markowitz, E. Maros, I. Martin, J. N. Marx, K. Mason, L. Matone, V. Matta, N. Mavalvala, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. C. McGuire, M. McHugh, K. McKenzie, J. W. C. McNabb, S. McWilliams, T. Meier, A. Melissinos, G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer, S. Meshkov, E. Messaritaki, C. J. Messenger, D. Meyers, E. Mikhailov, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, S. Mohanty, G. Moreno, K. Mossavi, C. MowLowry, A. Moylan, D. Mudge, G. Mueller, S. Mukherjee, H. Muller-Ebhardt, J. Munch, P. Murray, E. Myers, J. Myers, G. Newton, A. Nishizawa, K. Numata, B. O’Reilly, R. O’Shaughnessy, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, Y. Pan, M. A. Papa, V. Parameshwaraiah, P. Patel, M. Pedraza, S. Penn, V. Pierro, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, H. Pletsch, M. V. Plissi, F. Postiglione, R. Prix, V. Quetschke, F. Raab, D. Rabeling, H. Radkins, R. Rahkola, N. Rainer, M. Rakhmanov, K. Rawlins, S. Ray-Majumder, V. Re, H. Rehbein, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, L. Ribichini, R. Riesen, K. Riles, B. Rivera, N. A. Robertson, C. Robinson, E. L. Robinson, S. Roddy, A. Rodriguez, A. M. Rogan, J. Rollins, J. D. Romano, J. Romie, R. Route, S. Rowan, A. Rudiger, L. Ruet, P. Russell, K. Ryan, S. Sakata, M. Samidi, L. Sancho de la Jordana, V. Sandberg, V. Sannibale, S. Saraf, P. Sarin, B. S. Sathyaprakash, S. Sato, P. R. Saulson, R. Savage, P. Savov, S. Schediwy, R. Schilling, R. Schnabel, R. Schofield, B. F. Schutz, P. Schwinberg, S. M. Scott, A. C. Searle, B. Sears, F. Seifert, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, P. Shawhan, D. H. Shoemaker, A. Sibley, J. A. Sidles, X. Siemens, D. Sigg, S. Sinha, A. M. Sintes, B. J. J. Slagmolen, J. Slutsky, J. R. Smith, M. R. Smith, K. Somiya, K. A. Strain, D. M. Strom, A. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, K.-X. Sun, M. Sung, P. J. Sutton, H. Takahashi, D. B. Tanner, M. Tarallo, R. Taylor, J. Thacker, K. A. Thorne, K. S. Thorne, A. Thuring, K. V. Tokmakov, C. Torres, C. Torrie, G. Traylor, M. Trias, W. Tyler, D. Ugolini, C. Ungarelli, K. Urbanek, H. Vahlbruch, M. Vallisneri, C. Van Den Broeck, M. Varvella, S. Vass, A. Vecchio, J. Veitch, P. Veitch, A. Villar, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyachanin, S. J. Waldman, L. Wallace, H. Ward, R. Ward, K. Watts, D. Webber, A. Weidner, M. Weinert, A. Weinstein, R. Weiss, S. Wen, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. M. Whitbeck, S. E. Whitcomb, B. F. Whiting, C. Wilkinson, P. A. Willems, L. Williams, B. Willke, I. Wilmut, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, S. Wise, A. G. Wiseman, G. Woan, D. Woods, R. Wooley, J. Worden, W. Wu, I. Yakushin, H. Yamamoto, Z. Yan, S. Yoshida, N. Yunes, M. Zanolin, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, C. Zhao, N. Zotov, M. Zucker, H. zur Muhlen, J. Zweizig, and The LIGO Scientific Collaboration

Subjects
Gravitational constant, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Theoretical physics, Gravitational field, Gravitational wave, General relativity, Speed of gravity, Gravity Probe A, Astrophysics, Cosmology, Gravitational redshift
Abstract

This paper was published online on 29 October 2007 with a formatting error in the fiftieth affiliation in the author list. The affiliation should read as ‘‘University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.’’ The affiliation has been corrected as of 4 March 2008. The affiliation is incorrect in the printed version of the journal.

Published
2008

31. First cross-correlation analysis of interferometric and resonant-bar gravitational-wave data for stochastic backgrounds

Author

B. Abbott, R. Abbott, R. Adhikari, J. Agresti, P. Ajith, B. Allen, R. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Arain, M. Araya, H. Armandula, M. Ashley, S. Aston, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, S. Ballmer, H. Bantilan, B. C. Barish, C. Barker, D. Barker, B. Barr, P. Barriga, M. A. Barton, K. Bayer, K. Belczynski, J. Betzwieser, P. T. Beyersdorf, B. Bhawal, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, R. Biswas, E. Black, K. Blackburn, L. Blackburn, D. Blair, B. Bland, J. Bogenstahl, L. Bogue, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, J. E. Brau, M. Brinkmann, A. Brooks, D. A. Brown, A. Bullington, A. Bunkowski, A. Buonanno, M. Burgamy, O. Burmeister, D. Busby, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, J. B. Camp, J. Cannizzo, K. Cannon, C. A. Cantley, J. Cao, L. Cardenas, M. M. Casey, G. Castaldi, C. Cepeda, E. Chalkey, P. Charlton, S. Chatterji, S. Chelkowski, Y. Chen, F. Chiadini, D. Chin, E. Chin, J. Chow, N. Christensen, J. Clark, P. Cochrane, T. Cokelaer, C. N. Colacino, R. Coldwell, R. Conte, D. Cook, T. Corbitt, D. Coward, D. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, R. P. Croce, D. R. M. Crooks, A. M. Cruise, A. Cumming, J. Dalrymple, E. D’Ambrosio, K. Danzmann, G. Davies, D. DeBra, J. Degallaix, M. Degree, T. Demma, V. Dergachev, S. Desai, R. DeSalvo, S. Dhurandhar, M. Diaz, J. Dickson, A. Di Credico, G. Diederichs, A. Dietz, E. E. Doomes, R. W. P. Drever, J.-C. Dumas, R. J. Dupuis, J. G. Dwyer, P. Ehrens, E. Espinoza, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. Evans, S. Fairhurst, Y. Fan, D. Fazi, M. M. Fejer, L. S. Finn, V. Fiumara, N. Fotopoulos, A. Franzen, K. Y. Franzen, A. Freise, R. Frey, T. Fricke, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, M. Fyffe, V. Galdi, J. Garofoli, I. Gholami, J. A. Giaime, S. Giampanis, K. D. Giardina, K. Goda, E. Goetz, L. Goggin, G. Gonzalez, S. Gossler, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, M. Gray, J. Greenhalgh, A. M. Gretarsson, R. Grosso, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, M. Guenther, R. Gustafson, B. Hage, W. O. Hamilton, D. Hammer, C. Hanna, J. Hanson, J. Harms, G. Harry, E. Harstad, T. Hayler, J. Heefner, I. S. Heng, A. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, M. Hewitson, S. Hild, E. Hirose, D. Hoak, D. Hosken, J. Hough, E. Howell, D. Hoyland, S. H. Huttner, D. Ingram, E. Innerhofer, M. Ito, Y. Itoh, A. Ivanov, D. Jackrel, B. Johnson, W. W. Johnson, D. I. Jones, G. Jones, R. Jones, L. Ju, P. Kalmus, V. Kalogera, D. Kasprzyk, E. Katsavounidis, K. Kawabe, S. Kawamura, F. Kawazoe, W. Kells, D. G. Keppel, F. Ya. Khalili, C. Kim, P. King, J. S. Kissel, S. Klimenko, K. Kokeyama, V. Kondrashov, R. K. Kopparapu, D. Kozak, B. Krishnan, P. Kwee, P. K. Lam, M. Landry, B. Lantz, A. Lazzarini, B. Lee, M. Lei, J. Leiner, V. Leonhardt, I. Leonor, K. Libbrecht, P. Lindquist, N. A. Lockerbie, M. Longo, M. Lormand, M. Lubinski, H. Luck, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, M. Malec, V. Mandic, S. Marano, S. Marka, J. Markowitz, E. Maros, I. Martin, J. N. Marx, K. Mason, L. Matone, V. Matta, N. Mavalvala, R. McCarthy, B. J. McCaulley, D. E. McClelland, S. C. McGuire, M. McHugh, K. McKenzie, J. W. C. McNabb, S. McWilliams, T. Meier, A. Melissinos, G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer, S. Meshkov, E. Messaritaki, C. J. Messenger, D. Meyers, E. Mikhailov, P. Miller, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, S. Mohanty, V. Moody, G. Moreno, K. Mossavi, C. MowLowry, A. Moylan, D. Mudge, G. Mueller, S. Mukherjee, H. Muller-Ebhardt, J. Munch, P. Murray, E. Myers, J. Myers, T. Nash, G. Newton, A. Nishizawa, K. Numata, B. O’Reilly, R. O’Shaughnessy, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, H.-J. Paik, Y. Pan, M. A. Papa, V. Parameshwaraiah, P. Patel, M. Pedraza, S. Penn, V. Pierro, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, H. Pletsch, M. V. Plissi, F. Postiglione, R. Prix, V. Quetschke, F. Raab, D. Rabeling, H. Radkins, R. Rahkola, N. Rainer, M. Rakhmanov, M. Ramsuder, K. Rawlins, S. Ray-Majumder, V. Re, H. Rehbein, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, L. Ribichini, R. Riesen, K. Riles, B. Rivera, N. A. Robertson, C. Robinson, E. L. Robinson, S. Roddy, A. Rodriguez, A. M. Rogan, J. Rollins, J. D. Romano, J. Romie, R. Route, S. Rowan, A. Rudiger, L. Ruet, P. Russell, K. Ryan, S. Sakata, M. Samidi, L. Sancho de la Jordana, V. Sandberg, V. Sannibale, S. Saraf, P. Sarin, B. S. Sathyaprakash, S. Sato, P. R. Saulson, R. Savage, P. Savov, S. Schediwy, R. Schilling, R. Schnabel, R. Schofield, B. F. Schutz, P. Schwinberg, S. M. Scott, A. C. Searle, B. Sears, F. Seifert, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, P. Shawhan, D. H. Shoemaker, A. Sibley, J. A. Sidles, X. Siemens, D. Sigg, S. Sinha, A. M. Sintes, B. J. J. Slagmolen, J. Slutsky, J. R. Smith, M. R. Smith, K. Somiya, K. A. Strain, D. M. Strom, A. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, K.-X. Sun, M. Sung, P. J. Sutton, H. Takahashi, D. B. Tanner, M. Tarallo, R. Taylor, J. Thacker, K. A. Thorne, K. S. Thorne, A. Thuring, K. V. Tokmakov, C. Torres, C. Torrie, G. Traylor, M. Trias, W. Tyler, D. Ugolini, C. Ungarelli, K. Urbanek, H. Vahlbruch, M. Vallisneri, C. Van Den Broeck, M. Varvella, S. Vass, A. Vecchio, J. Veitch, P. Veitch, A. Villar, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyachanin, S. J. Waldman, L. Wallace, H. Ward, R. Ward, K. Watts, J. Weaver, D. Webber, A. Weber, A. Weidner, M. Weinert, A. Weinstein, R. Weiss, S. Wen, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. M. Whitbeck, S. E. Whitcomb, B. F. Whiting, C. Wilkinson, P. A. Willems, L. Williams, B. Willke, I. Wilmut, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, S. Wise, A. G. Wiseman, G. Woan, D. Woods, R. Wooley, J. Worden, W. Wu, I. Yakushin, H. Yamamoto, Z. Yan, S. Yoshida, N. Yunes, M. Zanolin, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, C. Zhao, N. Zotov, M. Zucker, H. zur Muhlen, J. Zweizig, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, and ALLEGRO Collaboration

Subjects
Gravitation, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Theoretical physics, Interferometry, Bar (music), Gravitational wave, Cross correlation analysis, LIGO, Cosmology, LIGO Scientific Collaboration
Abstract

This paper was published online on 9 July 2007 with a formatting error in the fiftieth affiliation in the author list. The affiliation should read as ‘‘University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.’’ The affiliation has been corrected as of 4 March 2008. The affiliation is incorrect in the printed version of the journal.

Published
2008

32. Novel neurons in ventral tegmental area fire selectively during the active phase of the diurnal cycle

Author

Alice H, Luo, François E, Georges, and Gary S, Aston-Jones

Subjects
Male, Neurons, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Ventral Tegmental Area, Action Potentials, Animals, Darkness, Circadian Rhythm, Rats
Abstract

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) contains dopamine (DA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons involved in motivation and behavioral state. These phenomena are also influenced by circadian factors. The goal of our studies was to examine the impulse activity of neurochemically identified VTA neurons during dark (active) vs light (rest) phases of the circadian cycle. Using extracellular single-unit recordings with juxtacellular labeling in anesthetized rats, we found multiple neuronal subpopulations including 'novel neurons' that selectively fired during the dark phase. These novel neurons were electrophysiologically categorized into two groups, 'novel wide-spike' and 'novel thin-spike' neurons. Characterization of novel wide-spike neurons found they were consistently non-dopaminergic and non-GABAergic [tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)(-), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)(-)]. However, they were inhibited by the D2 agonist quinpirole, an effect that could be reversed by the D2 antagonist eticlopride. Physiologically, they were fast firing (mean = 18.9 +/- 1.2 spikes/s), low bursting neurons (median = 6.2 +/- 3.0% of spikes in bursts) with spike durationsor = 2.0 ms, but slightly shorter than TH(+) neurons. They were also consistently non-responsive to footpad stimulation. The novel thin-spike neurons were neurochemically heterogeneous, and were located more ventrally than thin-spike neurons found during the light phase. These findings reveal previously unknown populations of VTA neurons whose activities are sensitive to diurnal phase, and whose functions may be in the temporal regulation of arousal and motivational processes.

Published
2008

33. Surface pressure-area isotherms for a block copolymer surfactant at the water/air and water/oil interfaces

Author

Tharwat F. Tadros, Mark S. Aston, and Thelma M. Herrington

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Aqueous solution, chemistry, Ethylene oxide, Chemical engineering, Pulmonary surfactant, Ammonium nitrate, Desorption, General Engineering, Copolymer, Aqueous two-phase system, Organic chemistry, Electrolyte
Abstract

Pressure-area (π-A) isotherms of a nonionic polymeric surfactant have been obtained at the water/air and water/oil interfaces using a Langmuir trough. The surfactant is an ABA block copolymer, where A is poly (12-hydroxystearic) acid and B is poly (ethylene oxide). The effect of high concentrations of ammonium nitrate in the aqueous phase was investigated, using new ideas recently suggested for the interpretation of electrolyte effects on monolayers. Equations of state were applied to the π-A data for the water/air and water/oil systems. The Gaines equation was particularly successful and predicted chain segment desorption of the polymer on compression. The electrolyte had no significant effect on the close-packed molecular area at the water/air or water/oil interface up to an electrolyte concentration of 8.75 mol dm−3 (the maximum studied).

Published
1990
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34. Publisher’s Note: First cross-correlation analysis of interferometric and resonant-bar gravitational-wave data for stochastic backgrounds [Phys. Rev. DPRVDAQ0556-282176, 022001 (2007)]

Author

B Abbott, R. Abbott, R. Adhikari, J. Agresti, P. Ajith, B. Allen, R. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Arain, M. Araya, H. Armandula, M. Ashley, S. Aston, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, S. Ballmer, H. Bantilan, B. C. Barish, C. Barker, D. Barker, B. Barr, P. Barriga, M. A. Barton, K. Bayer, K. Belczynski, J. Betzwieser, P. T. Beyersdorf, B. Bhawal, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, R. Biswas, E. Black, K. Blackburn, L. Blackburn, D. Blair, B. Bland, J. Bogenstahl, L. Bogue, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, J. E. Brau, M. Brinkmann, A. Brooks, D. A. Brown, A. Bullington, A. Bunkowski, A. Buonanno, M. Burgamy, O. Burmeister, D. Busby, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, J. B. Camp, J. Cannizzo, K. Cannon, C. A. Cantley, J. Cao, L. Cardenas, M. M. Casey, G. Castaldi, C. Cepeda, E. Chalkey, P. Charlton, S. Chatterji, S. Chelkowski, Y. Chen, F. Chiadini, D. Chin, E. Chin, J. Chow, N. Christensen, J. Clark, P. Cochrane, T. Cokelaer, C. N. Colacino, R. Coldwell, R. Conte, D. Cook, T. Corbitt, D. Coward, D. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, R. P. Croce, D. R. M. Crooks, A. M. Cruise, A. Cumming, J. Dalrymple, E. D’Ambrosio, K. Danzmann, G. Davies, D. DeBra, J. Degallaix, M. Degree, T. Demma, V. Dergachev, S. Desai, R. DeSalvo, S. Dhurandhar, M. Diaz, J. Dickson, A. Di Credico, G. Diederichs, A. Dietz, E. E. Doomes, R. W. P. Drever, J.-C. Dumas, R. J. Dupuis, J. G. Dwyer, P. Ehrens, E. Espinoza, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. Evans, S. Fairhurst, Y. Fan, D. Fazi, M. M. Fejer, L. S. Finn, V. Fiumara, N. Fotopoulos, A. Franzen, K. Y. Franzen, A. Freise, R. Frey, T. Fricke, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, M. Fyffe, V. Galdi, J. Garofoli, I. Gholami, J. A. Giaime, S. Giampanis, K. D. Giardina, K. Goda, E. Goetz, L. Goggin, G. Gonzalez, S. Gossler, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, M. Gray, J. Greenhalgh, A. M. Gretarsson, R. Grosso, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, M. Guenther, R. Gustafson, B. Hage, W. O. Hamilton, D. Hammer, C. Hanna, J. Hanson, J. Harms, G. Harry, E. Harstad, T. Hayler, J. Heefner, I. S. Heng, A. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, M. Hewitson, S. Hild, E. Hirose, D. Hoak, D. Hosken, J. Hough, E. Howell, D. Hoyland, S. H. Huttner, D. Ingram, E. Innerhofer, M. Ito, Y. Itoh, A. Ivanov, D. Jackrel, B. Johnson, W. W. Johnson, D. I. Jones, G. Jones, R. Jones, L. Ju, P. Kalmus, V. Kalogera, D. Kasprzyk, E. Katsavounidis, K. Kawabe, S. Kawamura, F. Kawazoe, W. Kells, D. G. Keppel, F. Ya. Khalili, C. Kim, P. King, J. S. Kissel, S. Klimenko, K. Kokeyama, V. Kondrashov, R. K. Kopparapu, D. Kozak, B. Krishnan, P. Kwee, P. K. Lam, M. Landry, B. Lantz, A. Lazzarini, B. Lee, M. Lei, J. Leiner, V. Leonhardt, I. Leonor, K. Libbrecht, P. Lindquist, N. A. Lockerbie, M. Longo, M. Lormand, M. Lubinski, H. Luck, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, M. Malec, V. Mandic, S. Marano, S. Marka, J. Markowitz, E. Maros, I. Martin, J. N. Marx, K. Mason, L. Matone, V. Matta, N. Mavalvala, R. McCarthy, B. J. McCaulley, D. E. McClelland, S. C. McGuire, M. McHugh, K. McKenzie, J. W. C. McNabb, S. McWilliams, T. Meier, A. Melissinos, G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer, S. Meshkov, E. Messaritaki, C. J. Messenger, D. Meyers, E. Mikhailov, P. Miller, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, S. Mohanty, V. Moody, G. Moreno, K. Mossavi, C. MowLowry, A. Moylan, D. Mudge, G. Mueller, S. Mukherjee, H. Muller-Ebhardt, J. Munch, P. Murray, E. Myers, J. Myers, T. Nash, G. Newton, A. Nishizawa, K. Numata, B. O’Reilly, R. O’Shaughnessy, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, H.-J. Paik, Y. Pan, M. A. Papa, V. Parameshwaraiah, P. Patel, M. Pedraza, S. Penn, V. Pierro, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, H. Pletsch, M. V. Plissi, F. Postiglione, R. Prix, V. Quetschke, F. Raab, D. Rabeling, H. Radkins, R. Rahkola, N. Rainer, M. Rakhmanov, M. Ramsuder, K. Rawlins, S. Ray-Majumder, V. Re, H. Rehbein, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, L. Ribichini, R. Riesen, K. Riles, B. Rivera, N. A. Robertson, C. Robinson, E. L. Robinson, S. Roddy, A. Rodriguez, A. M. Rogan, J. Rollins, J. D. Romano, J. Romie, R. Route, S. Rowan, A. Rudiger, L. Ruet, P. Russell, K. Ryan, S. Sakata, M. Samidi, L. Sancho de la Jordana, V. Sandberg, V. Sannibale, S. Saraf, P. Sarin, B. S. Sathyaprakash, S. Sato, P. R. Saulson, R. Savage, P. Savov, S. Schediwy, R. Schilling, R. Schnabel, R. Schofield, B. F. Schutz, P. Schwinberg, S. M. Scott, A. C. Searle, B. Sears, F. Seifert, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, P. Shawhan, D. H. Shoemaker, A. Sibley, J. A. Sidles, X. Siemens, D. Sigg, S. Sinha, A. M. Sintes, B. J. J. Slagmolen, J. Slutsky, J. R. Smith, M. R. Smith, K. Somiya, K. A. Strain, D. M. Strom, A. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, K.-X. Sun, M. Sung, P. J. Sutton, H. Takahashi, D. B. Tanner, M. Tarallo, R. Taylor, J. Thacker, K. A. Thorne, K. S. Thorne, A. Thuring, K. V. Tokmakov, C. Torres, C. Torrie, G. Traylor, M. Trias, W. Tyler, D. Ugolini, C. Ungarelli, K. Urbanek, H. Vahlbruch, M. Vallisneri, C. Van Den Broeck, M. Varvella, S. Vass, A. Vecchio, J. Veitch, P. Veitch, A. Villar, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyachanin, S. J. Waldman, L. Wallace, H. Ward, R. Ward, K. Watts, J. Weaver, D. Webber, A. Weber, A. Weidner, M. Weinert, A. Weinstein, R. Weiss, S. Wen, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. M. Whitbeck, S. E. Whitcomb, B. F. Whiting, C. Wilkinson, P. A. Willems, L. Williams, B. Willke, I. Wilmut, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, S. Wise, A. G. Wiseman, G. Woan, D. Woods, R. Wooley, J. Worden, W. Wu, I. Yakushin, H. Yamamoto, Z. Yan, S. Yoshida, N. Yunes, M. Zanolin, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, C. Zhao, N. Zotov, M. Zucker, H. zur Muhlen, and J. Zweizig

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cross correlation analysis, Humanities
Abstract

B. Abbott, R. Abbott, R. Adhikari, J. Agresti, P. Ajith, B. Allen, R. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Arain, M. Araya, H. Armandula, M. Ashley, S. Aston, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, S. Ballmer, H. Bantilan, B. C. Barish, C. Barker, D. Barker, B. Barr, P. Barriga, M. A. Barton, K. Bayer, K. Belczynski, J. Betzwieser, P. T. Beyersdorf, B. Bhawal, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, R. Biswas, E. Black, K. Blackburn, L. Blackburn, D. Blair, B. Bland, J. Bogenstahl, L. Bogue, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, J. E. Brau, M. Brinkmann, A. Brooks, D. A. Brown, A. Bullington, A. Bunkowski, A. Buonanno, M. Burgamy, O. Burmeister, D. Busby, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, J. B. Camp, J. Cannizzo, K. Cannon, C. A. Cantley, J. Cao, L. Cardenas, M. M. Casey, G. Castaldi, C. Cepeda, E. Chalkey, P. Charlton, S. Chatterji, S. Chelkowski, Y. Chen, F. Chiadini, D. Chin, E. Chin, J. Chow, N. Christensen, J. Clark, P. Cochrane, T. Cokelaer, C. N. Colacino, R. Coldwell, R. Conte, D. Cook, T. Corbitt, D. Coward, D. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, R. P. Croce, D. R. M. Crooks, A. M. Cruise, A. Cumming, J. Dalrymple, E. D’Ambrosio, K. Danzmann, G. Davies, D. DeBra, J. Degallaix, M. Degree, T. Demma, V. Dergachev, S. Desai, R. DeSalvo, S. Dhurandhar, M. Diaz, J. Dickson, A. Di Credico, G. Diederichs, A. Dietz, E. E. Doomes, R. W. P. Drever, J.-C. Dumas, R. J. Dupuis, J. G. Dwyer, P. Ehrens, E. Espinoza, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. Evans, S. Fairhurst, Y. Fan, D. Fazi, M. M. Fejer, L. S. Finn, V. Fiumara, N. Fotopoulos, A. Franzen, K. Y. Franzen, A. Freise, R. Frey, T. Fricke, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, M. Fyffe, V. Galdi, J. Garofoli, I. Gholami, J. A. Giaime, S. Giampanis, K. D. Giardina, K. Goda, E. Goetz, L. Goggin, G. Gonzalez, S. Gossler, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, M. Gray, J. Greenhalgh, A. M. Gretarsson, R. Grosso, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, M. Guenther, R. Gustafson, B. Hage, W. O. Hamilton, D. Hammer, C. Hanna, J. Hanson, J. Harms, G. Harry, E. Harstad, T. Hayler, J. Heefner, I. S. Heng, A. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, M. Hewitson, S. Hild, E. Hirose, D. Hoak, D. Hosken, J. Hough, E. Howell, D. Hoyland, S. H. Huttner, D. Ingram, E. Innerhofer, M. Ito, Y. Itoh, A. Ivanov, D. Jackrel, B. Johnson, W. W. Johnson, D. I. Jones, G. Jones, R. Jones, L. Ju, P. Kalmus, V. Kalogera, D. Kasprzyk, E. Katsavounidis, K. Kawabe, S. Kawamura, F. Kawazoe, W. Kells, D. G. Keppel, F. Ya. Khalili, C. Kim, P. King, J. S. Kissel, S. Klimenko, K. Kokeyama, V. Kondrashov, R. K. Kopparapu, D. Kozak, B. Krishnan, P. Kwee, P. K. Lam, M. Landry, B. Lantz, A. Lazzarini, B. Lee, M. Lei, J. Leiner, V. Leonhardt, I. Leonor, K. Libbrecht, P. Lindquist, N. A. Lockerbie, M. Longo, M. Lormand, M. Lubinski, H. Luck, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, M. Malec, V. Mandic, S. Marano, S. Marka, J. Markowitz, E. Maros, I. Martin, J. N. Marx, K. Mason, L. Matone, V. Matta, N. Mavalvala, R. McCarthy, B. J. McCaulley, D. E. McClelland, S. C. McGuire, M. McHugh, K. McKenzie, J. W. C. McNabb, S. McWilliams, T. Meier, A. Melissinos, G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer, S. Meshkov, E. Messaritaki, C. J. Messenger, D. Meyers, E. Mikhailov, P. Miller, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, S. Mohanty, V. Moody, G. Moreno, K. Mossavi, C. MowLowry, A. Moylan, D. Mudge, G. Mueller, S. Mukherjee, H. Muller-Ebhardt, J. Munch, P. Murray, E. Myers, J. Myers, T. Nash, G. Newton, A. Nishizawa, K. Numata, B. O’Reilly, R. O’Shaughnessy, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, H.-J. Paik, Y. Pan, M. A. Papa, V. Parameshwaraiah, P. Patel, M. Pedraza, S. Penn, V. Pierro, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, H. Pletsch, M. V. Plissi, F. Postiglione, R. Prix, V. Quetschke, F. Raab, D. Rabeling, H. Radkins, R. Rahkola, N. Rainer, M. Rakhmanov, M. Ramsuder, K. Rawlins, S. Ray-Majumder, V. Re, H. Rehbein, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, L. Ribichini, R. Riesen, K. Riles, B. Rivera, N. A. Robertson, C. Robinson, E. L. Robinson, S. Roddy, A. Rodriguez, A. M. Rogan, J. Rollins, J. D. Romano, J. Romie, R. Route, S. Rowan, A. Rudiger, L. Ruet, P. Russell, K. Ryan, S. Sakata, M. Samidi, L. Sancho de la Jordana, V. Sandberg, V. Sannibale, S. Saraf, P. Sarin, B. S. Sathyaprakash, S. Sato, P. R. Saulson, R. Savage, P. Savov, S. Schediwy, R. Schilling, R. Schnabel, R. Schofield, B. F. Schutz, P. Schwinberg, S. M. Scott, A. C. Searle, B. Sears, F. Seifert, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, P. Shawhan, D. H. Shoemaker, A. Sibley, J. A. Sidles, X. Siemens, D. Sigg, S. Sinha, A. M. Sintes, B. J. J. Slagmolen, J. Slutsky, J. R. Smith, M. R. Smith, K. Somiya, K. A. Strain, D. M. Strom, A. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, K.-X. Sun, M. Sung, P. J. Sutton, H. Takahashi, D. B. Tanner, M. Tarallo, R. Taylor, R. Taylor, J. Thacker, K. A. Thorne, K. S. Thorne, A. Thuring, K. V. Tokmakov, C. Torres, C. Torrie, G. Traylor, M. Trias, W. Tyler, D. Ugolini, C. Ungarelli, K. Urbanek, H. Vahlbruch, M. Vallisneri, C. Van Den Broeck, M. Varvella, S. Vass, A. Vecchio, J. Veitch, P. Veitch, A. Villar, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyachanin, S. J. Waldman, L. Wallace, H. Ward, R. Ward, K. Watts, J. Weaver, D. Webber, A. Weber, A. Weidner, M. Weinert, A. Weinstein, R. Weiss, S. Wen, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. M. Whitbeck, S. E. Whitcomb, B. F. Whiting, C. Wilkinson, P. A. Willems, L. Williams, B. Willke, I. Wilmut, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, S. Wise, A. G. Wiseman, G. Woan, D. Woods, R. Wooley, J. Worden, W. Wu, I. Yakushin, H. Yamamoto, Z. Yan, S. Yoshida, N. Yunes, M. Zanolin, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, PHYSICAL REVIEW D 77, 069904(E) (2008)

Published
2007
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35. Perspiration increased human pesticide absorption following surface contact during an indoor scripted activity program

Author

Robert I. Krieger, Linda S Aston, and Ryan L Williams

Subjects
Adult, Male, Materials science, Epidemiology, Pyridones, Skin Absorption, education, Toxicology, behavioral disciplines and activities, medicine, Humans, Perspiration, Pesticides, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Sweat, Exercise, Analysis of Variance, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental engineering, Pesticide, Pollution, Environmental chemistry, Air Pollution, Indoor, Chlorpyrifos, medicine.symptom, Biomarkers
Abstract

Homeowners and professional applicators frequently use chemicals to control insect pests in urban environments. The identification and evaluation of determinants of human exposure are critical to conduct reliable and responsible human exposure assessments following indoor residential chemical applications. The effect of sweat on absorbed dose in humans was evaluated with human volunteers who participated in a structured activity program (SAP). Participants (n=20) performed a warm-up exercise to induce light sweating prior to an SAP on chlorpyrifos(cp)-treated nylon carpet. Absorbed daily dosages (ADDs) were calculated using urinary biomonitoring of trichloropyridinol. In two separate exposures, participation in the warm-up exercise prior to the exposure SAP resulted in an increased ADD of CP equivalents by approximately 50%. Measured ADDs averaged 2.8 (SAP 1) and 2.0 (SAP 2) microg CP equivalents/kg/day in volunteers who participated in the warm-up exercise. In participants who rested prior to the exposures, ADDs were significantly lower at 1.9 (SAP 1) and 1.3 (SAP 2) microg CP equivalents/kg/day. Perspiration may also be a determinant of exposure in active children and field workers. Measured ADDs were less than estimates of ADD made from environmental measurements including CP deposition, the California roller, and clothing dosimeters worn by participants.

Published
2004

37. Copper toxicity affects proliferation and viability of human hepatoma cells (HepG2 line)

Author

M S Tanner, I E Morton, G S Evans, N S Aston, and N Watt

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, G2 Phase, Liver Cirrhosis, Programmed cell death, Necrosis, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Time Factors, Cell Survival, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Apoptosis, Indian childhood cirrhosis, Biology, Toxicology, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Hepatolenticular Degeneration, medicine, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Humans, Child, Tumor Stem Cell Assay, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, Immunochemistry, Copper toxicity, Liver Neoplasms, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Flow Cytometry, Lysosomal acid phosphatase, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, Hepatocyte, Child, Preschool, Toxicity, Neoplastic Stem Cells, medicine.symptom, Lysosomes, Cell Division, Copper, Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Abstract

In Wilson's disease and Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) copper accumulates in the liver resulting in poor hepatocyte regeneration and fibrosis. An inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation and an increase in cell death could account for these outcomes. To establish how the toxicity of this metal ion impacts upon the proliferation and viability ofthe HepG2 cells they were cultured in 4-32 jiM copper(II) sulphate (CuS04)). These levels were comparable to the circulatory and tissue concentrations of copper recorded for these two diseases. Specific uptake comparable to levels of copper recorded in the livers of patients with Wilson's disease and ICC was measured in the HepG2 cells. After 48 h acid vesicle function increased from 4 to 32 jiM Cu2 + but significantly declined at 64 MM compared to the controls. Lysosomal acid phosphatase showed a concen-tration dependent decline in activity at 72 h. Introduction Copper is a potent catalyst of processes generating reactive oxygen intermediates and its cellular up-take, transport and excretion are therefore tightly controlled. Elevated hepatic copper concentrations are associated with liver damage in Wilson's disease2, in Indian childhood cirrhosis3 (ICC), and in other copper-related cirrhoses of infancy. Nevertheless, the cellular consequences of copper toxicity remain to be understood in the context of the disease pathology. In Wilson's disease, biliary excretion of copper is impaired by mutations in a trans-Golgi P-type ATPase4 resulting in intracellular hepatic copper accumulation5 with progressive dysfunction, fibrosis, and liver failure. However, clinical variability of Wilson's disease and the lack of a clear genotype/ Cellls exposed to 64 MM Cu2 + had a potential doubling time (Tpot) 21 h longer than the control cells due to a prolonged DNA synthesis phase. At 64 jiM Cu2 +, increases of necrosis up to 18% were seen whereas comparable levels ofapoptotic and necrotic cells (< 5%) were seen below this concentration. Chronic exposure over 8 weeks impaired colony-forming effi-ciency at concentrations of 16 MM Cu2 + and above. This study suggests that when liver cells sequester large amounts of copper, the toxic effects include delayed cell-cycle progression, a gradual loss of replicative capacity, and an increased incidence of cell death.

Published
2000

38. An animal model for copper-associated cirrhosis in infancy

Author

N S, Aston, P A, Morris, M S, Tanner, and S, Variend

Subjects
Disease Models, Animal, Liver, Liver Function Tests, Animals, Drug Synergism, Female, Organ Size, Rats, Wistar, Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental, Copper, Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids, Rats
Abstract

In Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) and related disorders of infancy, hepatic copper overload is associated with cirrhosis. Since copper administration alone has not been shown to induce cirrhosis in animals, synergy between copper and a second hepatotoxin has been suggested. This study investigates the ability of long-term exposure to copper and a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, retrorsine, to produce a model of copper-associated cirrhosis in rats. Groups of rat pups suckled on mothers fed 25 mg/kg diet retrorsine were weaned onto a diet containing 0.5 g/kg diet copper and retrorsine in varying dosage for 13 weeks. Histological similarities between the human disease and rats given copper with retrorsine 5 mg/kg diet included parenchymal destruction, fibrosis, nodular regeneration, and copper accumulation. There were significant histological differences from the human disorder, possibly attributable to inter-species variability or the critical timing or duration of exposure to hepatotoxins in the neonatal period. The hypothesis that ICC results from copper and a second hepatotoxin has not been disproved.

Published
1999

39. Analysis of apheresis content of progenitor cell collections from normal donors to whom granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor is administered

Author

J. J. Nemunaitis, S. Aston, C. S. Rosenfeld, M. J. Magsamen, and J. A. Weinthal

Subjects
Adult, Male, CD3, Immunology, CD34, Blood Donors, Flow cytometry, Nuclear Family, Andrology, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Progenitor cell, Mobilization, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, Body Weight, Age Factors, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hematology, Middle Aged, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, Blood Cell Count, Haematopoiesis, Apheresis, Histocompatibility, biology.protein, Blood Component Removal, Female, business
Abstract

Background : Allogeneic blood cell transplantation is a new alternative to bone marrow transplantation. Preliminary data suggest that granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells from normal donors can provide rapid hematopoietic engraftment without significant increases in transplant-related morbidity. Potential advantages to donors include the elimination of an operation under general anesthesia. Study Design and Methods : Twenty-one normal donors underwent high-dose (16 μg/kg/day for 5 days G-CSF mobilization. Apheresis was performed on the fifth and sixth days of G-CSF administration, and apheresis components were analyzed by flow cytometry. Donor characteristics in relationship to apheresis yields were also analyzed. Results : Apheresis components were analyzed according to donor weight. The median total numbers of white cells per kg, CD34+ cells per kg 1 and CD3+ cells per kg were 10.8 x 10 8 , 7.2 x 10 6 , and 295 x 10 6 , respectively. Day 5 collections had significantly higher nucleated cell content and median CD34+ percentages than did Day 6 collections (0.71% on Day 5 vs. 0.58% on Day 6, p

Published
1996

40. The Anamolous Effect of Electrolytes on Surfactant Monolayer Surface Pressure-Area Isotherms

Author

M. S. Aston

Subjects
Surface tension, chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials science, Pulmonary surfactant, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Ammonium nitrate, Monolayer, Copolymer, Molecule, Electrolyte, Surface pressure
Abstract

Quantitative discussions given previously have shown that comparison of the surface pressure-area isotherms of insoluble surfactants is misleading, when the subphase contains varying concentrations of electrolyte. This is confirmed in the present paper, which gives further qualitative arguments, showing that surface tension-area per molecule isotherms may be more appropriate in interpreting surfactant-electrolyte interactions. In addition, surface laser light scattering measurements confirm that concentrated ammonium nitrate has no significant effect on the surface tension of the close packed monolayer of a block copolymer surfactant.

Published
1990
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41. The effect of femoral head size on functional outcome in primary total hip arthroplasty: a single-blinded randomised controlled trial.

Author

Hanna, Sammy A., Sewell, Mathew D., Sri-Ram, Kesavan, Miles, Jonathan, S. Aston, William J., Pollock, Robin C., J. Carrington, Richard W., and R. Briggs, Timothy W.

Subjects
HIP joint radiography, TOTAL hip replacement, FEMUR head, HEALTH surveys, RANGE of motion of joints, LONGITUDINAL method, POLYETHYLENE, PROSTHETICS, QUALITY of life, QUESTIONNAIRES, T-test (Statistics), RANDOMIZED controlled trials, DATA analysis software, FUNCTIONAL assessment, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, SURGERY, EQUIPMENT & supplies
Abstract

We conducted a prospective single-blinded randomised controlled trial to compare the functional and quality of life outcomes in two groups of patients between 60 and 80 years of age undergoing THR; the first receiving a small head (28-32 mm) metal on polyethylene (MoP) articulation, and the second receiving a large head (44-54 mm) metal on metal (MoM) articulation. We recruited 49 patients and randomised them into one of the two groups (22 MoP and 27 MoM). The results demonstrated no statistical difference in any of the assessed functional outcomes at any follow-up point (p>0.05). There were no dislocations or revisions in either group. Although it has been suggested that large head MoM articulations in THA offer superior stability and function, our results suggest that small head MoP articulations can achieve comparable ROM, function and quality of life at short-term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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43. Search for gravitational-wave bursts in LIGO data from the fourth science run.

Author

B Abbott, R Abbott, R Adhikari, J Agresti, P Ajith, B Allen, R Amin, S B Anderson, W G Anderson, M Arain, M Araya, H Armandula, M Ashley, S Aston, P Aufmuth, C Aulbert, S Babak, S Ballmer, H Bantilan, and B C Barish

Subjects
INTERFEROMETERS, ENGINEERING instruments, MONTE Carlo method, ESTIMATION theory
Abstract

The fourth science run of the LIGO and GEO 600 gravitational-wave detectors, carried out in early 2005, collected data with significantly lower noise than previous science runs. We report on a search for short-duration gravitational-wave bursts with arbitrary waveform in the 64-1600 Hz frequency range appearing in all three LIGO interferometers. Signal consistency tests, data quality cuts and auxiliary-channel vetoes are applied to reduce the rate of spurious triggers. No gravitational-wave signals are detected in 15.5 days of live observation time; we set a frequentist upper limit of 0.15 day[?]1 (at 90% confidence level) on the rate of bursts with large enough amplitudes to be detected reliably. The amplitude sensitivity of the search, characterized using Monte Carlo simulations, is several times better than that of previous searches. We also provide rough estimates of the distances at which representative supernova and binary black hole merger signals could be detected with 50% efficiency by this analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

45. Stability of thin oil liquid films using mixed surfactants

Author

Mark S. Aston, Tharwat F. Tadros, and Thelma M. Herrington

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Aqueous solution, food.ingredient, Ethylene oxide, Chemistry, General Engineering, Phospholipid, Polymer, Mole fraction, Lecithin, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Chemical engineering, Emulsion, Copolymer, Organic chemistry
Abstract

A light reflectance technique has been used to determine the thickness of water-in-oil films stabilised with three oil-soluble surfactants taken singly and as mixtures. These surfactants were a non-ionic ABA block copolymer [A is poly(12-hydroxystearic acid) and B is poly(ethylene oxide); B246], Arlacel 83 (sorbitan sesquioleate) and soya bean lecithin. The film thicknesses, calculated using an iterative procedure, were generally in-keeping with a sterically-stabilised film. The values for B246 and Arlacel 83 were in agreement with calculated figures based on molecular models and with other experimental data both from this work and the literature. However, the lecithin films were inexplicably considerably thicker than anticipated. For the mixed films, film stability generally decreased with increasing lecithin content and the film thickness was dominated by the polymer at relatively low mole fractions.

Published
1989
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49. Effect of Urethral Obstruction on Kidney

Author

Geo. S. Aston

Subjects
Information retrieval, Text mining, Computer science, business.industry, Correspondence, General Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Medicine, business, General Environmental Science
Published
1940
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50. Haematuria after Streptococcal Infection

Author

Geo. S. Aston

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Text mining, business.industry, Correspondence, General Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicine, General Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine, Bioinformatics, General Environmental Science
Published
1940
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