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A 3-year-old child was brought into the outpatient department with abaxial proptosis and inferior dystopia in the right eye. A computed tomography scan showed an isodense mass in the superomedial quadrant involving both intra- and extraconal space. Orbitotomy was done, and mass was removed in toto. Histopathological examination showed a mixture of vascular and lymphatic elements suggestive of complex angioma. The lesion was diagnosed as lymphangio-hemangioma based on the dominance of lymphatic tissue. Detailed differentiation of the type of vascular lesions is important because it may influence treatment considerably.

Sida cordifolia and Eupatorium triplinervis have been used traditionally for treatment of various ailments. An in-silico study was carried out to identify the interaction between the selected phytocompounds with B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2). The crystal structure of the Bcl2 protein (PDB Id: 4LXD) of Homo sapiens was used as the receptor. The docking was done with AutoDock V 4.0 using twenty-one ligands from both plants and the binding energy was assessed. The binding energy of various phytocompounds were observed to range from -2.74 Kcal/mol to -7.47 Kcal/mol. The standard compound doxorubicin showed a binding energy of -6.95 Kcal/mol. The compound stigmasterol and sitosterol showed binding energies of -7.15 and -7.47 Kcal/mol respectively. Molecular binding of the compounds was strengthened by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Hence the plant extracts can be used to separate promising lead compounds with anticancer activity.

Purpose: To assess the agreement between the diagnosis made by trained technicians at vision centers (VC) and oculoplasty specialists at the base hospital, in patients referred from VC to the orbit and oculoplasty clinic of a tertiary eye care hospital in south India. Methods: This was a retrospective study that compared the findings of VC technicians and the specialists of the orbit and oculoplasty services in a base hospital. A total of 384 patients referred from 17 VCs between May 2021 and May 2022 were included. The diseases were categorized according to the site of involvement as diseases of the eyelids (43%), diseases of the lacrimal system (37.3%), orbital diseases (15.6), and others (4.1%). The mean age of the patients was 35.9 years and 50.6% were females. Medical records of all referred patients who attended the orbit clinic were analyzed. Results: Of the 384 patients, 378 (98.67%) were confirmed to have orbital and adnexal diseases. There was an overall 80% agreement between the diagnosis made by trained VC technicians and oculoplasty specialists; the kappa coefficient was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76 to 0.80), with a P value < 0.001. The agreement was the highest for diseases of the lacrimal system (90.9%, kappa coefficient 0.87), followed by eyelid pathologies (80%, kappa coefficient: 0.77). Of these, 54.8% of patients were managed with surgical procedures. Conclusion: There is good agreement between the findings of VC technicians and oculoplasty specialists. Trained technicians can help in the early detection and referral to higher centers. They also help to make sure adherence to treatment and periodic evaluation, especially in resource-constraint settings.

Purpose: Dry eye is a common condition affecting people worldwide. It causes ocular discomfort by reducing the quality of vision and impacts daily activities. To overcome such ocular discomfort, artificial tears are used but it is difficult to use artificial tears every time to protect eyes from dryness. There is a need to explore other treatment options, which can be used during work hours. The aim was to study the effect of salivary stimulation on tear film functions among dry eye subjects. Methods: Thirty-three subjects were enrolled in this prospective experimental study. Tear film function tests such as tear break up time (TBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), and Schirmer's I and II tests were conducted. For dry eye subjects, salivation was induced by giving a tamarind candy (a soft slightly sour tamarind pulp mixed with sugar) for 5 min. Tear film function tests were carried out within a few seconds (2 to 3 s) after finishing the candy and then after 30 and 60 min of the induction of salivation. The pre- and post-tear film function measurements were recorded and analyzed. Results: TBUT, TMH, and Schirmer's II tests showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) increase immediately and after 30 min of stimulation of salivation for all tests in both eyes. However, the difference was insignificant after 60 min of stimulation of salivation. Schirmer's I showed statistically significant changes in the left eye, but not in the right eye immediately after stimulation of salivation (P = 0.025). Conclusion: The quantity as well as the quality of tear film improved after the stimulation of salivation among dry eye subjects.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to find out whether teachers can be introduced as an effective tool in ocular screening of school children and to list out various causes of visual impairment and ocular abnormalities in school children and provide appropriate measures. Method: A multistage school screening program from August to December 2019 in Trivandrum included 33,990 students from 52 schools. Five stages of the study were training of selected teachers, screening by teachers in the school, comprehensive examination by the hospital team in schools, detailed evaluation of referred children in the hospital, and corrective measures by pediatric ophthalmologists in our hospital. A total of 1480 children were selected randomly from the children identified as normal by teachers to detect false negatives. The pattern of ocular disorders children was analyzed. Results: Out of 33,990 students, 6343 students who were detected to have ocular disorders by teachers (18.6%) were examined by our team. 74.2% (4707 students) of them were confirmed to have ocular problems. Thus teachers were able to identify the eye problems correctly (true positives) in 74.2% children, 25.8% being false positives. True positives include refractive errors (73.4%), allergic conjunctivitis (7.9%), strabismus (1.9%), amblyopia (0.098%), pediatric cataract (0.08%), etc. Out of 1480 randomly selected children, 8 (0.54%) children were false negatives (none had refractive errors). Spectacles were given to 2484 children free of cost. Conclusion: Simplicity of multistage screening, ease of its application, time and cost effectiveness, wider coverage, utility as a continuous process in coming years signifies that introducing teachers as primary vision screeners at their schools is an innovative community-based strategy to address the challenges of childhood blindness in resource-constrained settings.

Background: The usage of mobile phones has increased drastically in recent years. Their use without any knowledge of their adverse effects is quite unsafe. Studies on cancers due to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones are available but there is a need to research on the harmful effects of mobile phones on general and oral health among the rampant mobile phone users. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice or awareness regarding mobile phone radiation and its impact on the oral cavity among the individuals using mobile phones. Materials and Methods: The present study was a self-administered structured questionnaire study which was filled by 259 participants between the age group of 18–33 years through online forms. Results: The study resulted that 50% of the participants did not have knowledge on deleterious effects of mobile phone radiation on the oral cavity and have experienced oral problems such as dry mouth (39.4%) and hypersalivation (41.7%) after prolonged talk time and 54.1% of the participants were aware on the impact of mobile phone radiation on health status. Conclusion: The results showed that most of the participants were aware of the potential risks arising from the use of mobile phones on general health but lacking the knowledge on oral health.

Let tp (G) denote the number of paths in a graph G and let f: E → Z+ be an edge labeling of G. The weight of a path P is the sum of the labels assigned to the edges of P. If the set of weights of the paths in G is {1, 2, 3,..., tp (G)}, then f is called a Leech labeling of G and a graph which admits a Leech labeling is called a Leech graph. In this paper, we prove that the complete bipartite graphs K2, n and K3, n are not Leech graphs and determine the maximum possible value that can be given to an edge in the Leech labeling of a cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive peptides derived from foods provide physiological health benefits beyond nutrition. This study focused on profiling small peptide inhibitors against two key serine proteases, dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) and prolyl oligopeptidase (POP). DPP‐IV is a well‐known protein involved in diverse pathways regulating inflammation, renal, cardiovascular physiology, and glucose homeostasis. POP is yet another key target protein for neurodegenerative disorders. The study evaluated peptide libraries of buffalo colostrum whey and fat globule membrane proteins derived from pepsin and pepsin–pancreatin digestion through in silico web tools and structure‐based analysis by molecular docking and binding free‐energy estimation, followed by in vitro assay for DPP‐IV inhibition for the lead peptides. The bioinformatic study indicated 49 peptides presented motifs with DPP‐IV inhibition while 5 peptides with sequences for POP inhibition. In the molecular docking interactions study, 22 peptides interacted with active site residues of DPP‐IV and 3 peptides with that of POP. The synthesized peptides, SFVSEVPEL and LTFQHNF inhibited DPP‐IV in vitro with an IC50 of 193.5 μM and 1.782 mM, respectively. The study revealed the key residues for inhibition of DPP‐IV and POP thus affirming the DPP‐IV inhibitory potential of milk‐derived peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of the study is to evaluate the implementation of Helical TomoTherapy (HT) for eligible stereotactic radiosurgery/stereotactic body radiotherapy/stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SRS/SBRT/SABR) cases using TomoEDGE option. The study focuses on reduction of treatment time without compromise in plan quality using TomoEDGE. It is a mode in HT that uses a dynamic opening of the jaws during treatment delivery to reduce the dose penumbra which otherwise is not possible with fixed jaws option. Eligible SRS/SBRT/SABR cases of lung, liver, and spine were used in this study. All planning parameters such as dose prescription to target and critical organs, pitch, and modulation factor were same in all the plans of the same patient with modifications in the field width and jaw mode. First set of plans with 2.5 cm width and second set of plans with 5 cm width were done in dynamic TomoEDGE mode. Third set of plans created with 5 cm width fixed jaw mode and fourth set of plans with 2.5 cm fixed jaw mode for comparison purpose were done. Our observations achieved that a significant milestone with reduction of up to 34.3% in treatment time of liver cases, 35.2% in lung cases, and 28.7% in spine cases was observed using dynamic TomoEDGE mode with 5 cm width, while no significant variation in the planning results compared with plans using 2.5 cm dynamic TomoEDGE option. TomoEDGE is an efficient and useful mode in TomoTherapy to reduce the treatment time with bigger field width in SRS/SBRT/SABR cases without significant changes in the plan quality.

Introduction: Parents' infant and early childhood oral health knowledge is of paramount importance, because oral health behaviours are the exclusive domain of parents during the early years of life. Studies exploring the association between mother's behaviour, oral health literacy and children's oral health outcomes are scarce. Aim: To evaluate the association between mother's behaviour, oral health literacy and children's dental caries experience. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among one hundred pre-school children aged 2–6 years and their mothers from pre-schools in Bangalore, India. Data regarding their demographics, mother's knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) was collected through a questionnaire. Mother's oral health literacy was assessed with Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30 (REALD-30) scale. Caries experience of the children was recorded using Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index. Data was entered into excel sheet and analysed using statistical package for SPSS 22.0. Results: The mean KAP, REALD-30 and DMFT scores were 13.17 ± 4.57, 17.68 ± 5.85, 2.61 ± 2.21, respectively. In this study, REALD-30 score negatively correlated with DMFT score and positively correlated with KAP score. In a linear regression, KAP and REALD-30 scores showed a highly significant association with dental caries. Conclusion: Mother's behaviour and oral health literacy influenced caries experience of the children. Therefore, improving the behaviour and oral health literacy of the mothers is the key to influence child's oral health.

The idea of bladeless windmills is based on the vortex shedding effect hypothesis. A wind-powered generator with the fewest moving elements is the vortex bladeless windmill. The oscillation or vibration caused by the wind is used to generate the electric current. As a result, piezoelectric material or a linear alternator are used to generate electricity. In this project effort, we attempted to increase the vortex-induced vibrations of the turbine built of Epoxy Carbon UD (230GPa) by altering the design of the mast and base. The maximum deflection is 0.22775m (condition 7) at 10 m/s2 acceleration.

Statement of the Problem: It is essential to address caries risk at an early stage for the prevention of dental caries. Mobile application CaRisk is designed in a particular way to self-assess the dental caries risk by the individual’s themselves. Purpose: The current study aimed to assess the dental caries risk among age groups 5-6 and 35-44 using self-assessment caries risk mobile application CaRisk and compare it with the deft and DMFT values. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chennai, India; to evaluate the risk of dental caries in children aged 5 to 6 and adults aged 35 to 44. The scores of the mobile application CaRisk and the decayed- extracted-filled teeth (deft)/ decayed-missing-filled-teeth (DMFT) caries risk assessment were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were performed. The risk category was determined by frequency. Chi-square analysis was done to determine whether the DMFT scores and the CaRisk mobile app were associated. The correlation was performed between the CaRisk mobile application and DMFT scores. Results: Association was found between the caries risk assessment score of the mobile application CaRisk and the DMFT and deft scores of the adults and children for both the age groups 5-6 and 35-44 years respectively and it indicates that it was found to be statistically significant. Pearson’s correlation was performed to assess the strength of association and R-values obtained for the age group 5-6 and 35-44 years respectively, which was statistically significant (0.892 and 0.840). Conclusion: This CaRisk mobile application scores correlate with the deft and DMFT scores and it is an effective self-diagnosis tool for assessing dental caries risk assessment. Further, it is suggested that the mobile application CaRisk should be tested among a huge population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Comfortable working at near and intermediate tasks depend on the efficiency as well as coordination of accommodation and vergence systems. At present, the need for near and intermediate visual tasks has been dramatically increased, requiring prolonged computer- and gazette-related works. It demands excessive working of the extraocular and ciliary muscles. It may cause eye fatigue and other associated asthenopic symptoms. Globally, eye fatigue is one of the most commonly reported conditions in nonpresbyopic population with asthenopic symptoms. It is necessary to get relief from eye fatigue for better near and intermediate tasks. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two undergraduate optometry students who were symptomatic based on a validated eye fatigue questionnaire were included after a baseline comprehensive eye examination. Based on the eye fatigue symptoms score, they were equally assigned to a control group and an exercise group with sixteen participants in each. The exercise group performed yoga ocular exercises for up to 6 weeks after which the eye fatigue symptoms were reassessed in both groups. Results: In the exercise group, there was a statistically significant reduction in eye fatigue scores (P = 0.003), whereas the eye fatigue scores showed significant increment in the control group after 6 weeks (P = 0.044). Conclusions: Yoga ocular exercises reduce the eye fatigue symptoms score by increasing the efficiency of extraocular muscles. Hence, it could be considered as a therapeutic and nonpharmacologic intervention for reducing the eye fatigue and associated asthenopic symptoms.

Introduction Timing of cleft palate repair and the method of speech outcome measurement in children with cleft lip and palate are much debated topics. The associated problems and quality of life in these children depend on the timing of the surgery. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the velopharyngeal (VP) function and resonance parameters in children following early cleft palate repair. Method A total of 25 Kannada-speaking children with early repaired cleft palate were subjected to speech assessment and videofluoroscopic assessment. Perceptual speech parameters measured were severity of hypernasality and presence of nasal air emission. Videofluoroscopy was interpreted in terms of closure ratios to predict the severity of VP dysfunction. Results The analysis of videofluoroscopic images indicated that 48% of children had complete VP closure and 52% had perceptually normal resonance. A good correlation was found between the closure ratio and hypernasality. Conclusion Understanding the perceptual speech parameters and their structural correlates for outcome measurement will give better evidence for refining the existing treatment protocols. Data on a larger population are warranted for establishing predictors of optimum speech outcome.