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Abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the administration of S-allylcysteine (SAC) (150mg/kg body weight for 45 days) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and antioxidant levels in the brain tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The levels of glucose, TBARS, hydroperoxide and acetylcholinesterase were increased significantly whereas the levels of plasma insulin, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase were decreased in experimental diabetic rats. Administration of SAC to diabetic rats reverted all these parameters. The effect of SAC was compared with glyclazide, a well-known antioxidant and antihyperglycemic drug. In conclusion, the present findings showed that treatment with SAC prevents the increase in AChE activity, lipid peroxidation, and consequently improves the antioxidant system in diabetic rats, indicating that this compound can be considered as possible therapeutics to be investigated in brain disorders associated with the diabetes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a study which examines the protective role of aquaeous garlic extract (AGE) and S-allylcysteine (SAC) on potassium dichromate-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in Wistar rats' hepatocytes. It discusses the properties of chromium (VI) compounds, which are known to be genotoxic and carcinogenic. Comparisons of the experiment results conducted on liver marker activities and enzymic antioxidants activities using chromium-induced group and garlic extract are also provided. It also cites the role of AGE and SAC's Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense against chromium toxicity as supported by histological and transmission electron microscopic studies and as shown through confocal microscopic analysis.

Scope: S-Allylcysteine (SAC) is the most abundant organosulfur molecule derived from aged garlic. The effects ofSAC on improving Aging in naturally aged C57BL/6J male mice and mitochondrial dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans and its underlying mechanisms is evaluated., Methods and Results: When mice have attained reproductive senescence at 60 weeks of age, SAC is supplemented to 0.05% and 0.2% into their normal diet for 12 weeks. The results show that SAC could significantly improve the level of hepatic optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) mRNA, which is a key factor for mitochondrial fusion, and consequently elevated the mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), thus ameliorating oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine. Among the biochemical markers of aging, SAC significantly reduces liver galactosidase β1 (GLB1) and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-βgal), which are induced by replicative senescence. The mitochondria with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged transgenic strain SJ4103 C. elegans is incubated with 5 or 50 µM SAC, and SAC treated groups maintain the linear morphology of mitochondria., Conclusion: SAC regulates mitochondrial dynamics and ameliorated aging to a significant degree. This study also confirms that mitochondrial dynamics are a promising target for screening materials to combat aging and as a direction for anti-aging product development., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

S-allylcysteine (SAC), a major thioallyl compound contained in mature garlic extract (MGE), is known to be a neuroactive compound. This study was designed to investigate the effects of SAC on primary cultured hippocampal neurons and cognitively impaired senescence-accelerated mice prone 10 (SAMP10). Treatment of these neurons with MGE or SAC significantly increased the total neurite length and number of dendrites. SAMP10 mice fed MGE or SAC showed a significant improvement in memory dysfunction in pharmacological behavioral analyses. The decrease of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and phosphorylated α-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the hippocampal tissue of SAMP10 mice fed MGE or SAC was significantly suppressed, especially in the MGE-fed group. These findings suggest that SAC positively contributes to learning and memory formation, having a beneficial effect on brain function. In addition, multiple components (aside from SAC) contained in MGE could be useful for improving cognitive function by acting as neurotrophic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx) was performed in rats, and the differences in effects between S-allylcysteine (SAC) and other sulfur-containing compounds on regeneration of the remaining liver and restoration of the injury were examined. Three days after two-thirds PHx, rats treated with 300 mg/kg/d, per os (p.o.) SAC showed a 1.2-fold increase in liver weight per 100 g body weight compared with saline-treated controls. In contrast, S-methylcysteine (SMC) (300 mg/kg/d, p.o.) or cysteine (Cys) (300 mg/kg/d, p.o.) did not have a regeneration-promoting effect. In the comparison with control rats, the regenerating liver of SAC-treated rats showed a significantly higher 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling index on day 1. In contrast, serum alanine aminotransferase activity, which increases following PHx, was significantly inhibited by SAC and SMC (but not Cys) on day 1 after two-thirds PHx. In addition, SAC induced increases in insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and its receptor mRNA expressions at 1 h after two-thirds PHx, and it increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)2 and Akt at 3 h after two-thirds PHx without affecting serum growth hormone levels. These results demonstrate that SAC is a mitogenic effector of normal remnant liver and promotes recuperation of liver function after two-thirds PHx. Moreover, SAC-induced proliferative effects are mediated via increased mRNA expressions of IGF-1 and its receptor and subsequent phosphorylation of ERK2 and Akt.

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a long-cultivated plant that is widely utilized in cooking and has been employed as a medicine for over 4000 years. In this study, we fabricated standards and internal standards (ISs) for absolute quantification via reductive amination with isotopic formaldehydes. Garlic has four abundant organosulfur compounds (OSCs): S-allylcysteine, S-allylcysteinine sulfoxide, S-methylcysteine, and S-ethylcysteine are abundant in garlic. OSCs with primary amine groups were reacted with isotopic formaldehydes to synthesize ISs and standards. Cooked and uncooked garlic samples were compared, and we utilized tandem mass spectrometry equipped with a selective reaction monitoring technique to absolutely quantify the four organosulfur compounds., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)