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1. Demonstration of nuclear gamma-ray polarimetry based on a multi-layer CdTe Compton camera

Author

S. Go, Y. Tsuzuki, H. Yoneda, Y. Ichikawa, T. Ikeda, N. Imai, K. Imamura, M. Niikura, D. Nishimura, R. Mizuno, S. Takeda, H. Ueno, S. Watanabe, T. Y. Saito, S. Shimoura, S. Sugawara, A. Takamine, and T. Takahashi

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract To detect and track structural changes in atomic nuclei, the systematic study of nuclear levels with firm spin-parity assignments is important. While linear polarization measurements have been applied to determine the electromagnetic character of gamma-ray transitions, the applicable range is strongly limited due to the low efficiency of the detection system. The multi-layer Cadmium-Telluride (CdTe) Compton camera can be a state-of-the-art gamma-ray polarimeter for nuclear spectroscopy with the high position sensitivity and the detection efficiency. We demonstrated the capability to operate this detector as a reliable gamma-ray polarimeter by using polarized 847-keV gamma rays produced by the $$^{56}\textrm{Fe}$$ 56 Fe ( $${ p},{ p'}\gamma $$ p , p ′ γ ) reaction. By combining the experimental data and simulated calculations, the modulation curve for the gamma ray was successfully obtained. A remarkably high polarization sensitivity was achieved, compatible with a reasonable detection efficiency. Based on the obtained results, a possible future gamma-ray polarimetery is discussed.

Published
2024
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2. Towards reconstructing the Arctic atmospheric methane history over the 20th century: measurement and modelling results for the North Greenland Ice Core Project firn

Author

T. Umezawa, S. Sugawara, K. Kawamura, I. Oyabu, S. J. Andrews, T. Saito, S. Aoki, and T. Nakazawa

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Systematic measurements of atmospheric methane (CH4) mole fractions at the northern high latitudes only began in the early 1980s. Although CH4 measurements from Greenland ice cores consistently covered the period before ∼ 1900, no reliable observational record is available for the intermediate period. We newly report a data set of trace gases from the air trapped in firn (an intermediate stage between snow and glacial ice formation) collected at the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) site in 2001. We also use a set of published firn air data at the NEEM (North Greenland Eemian ice Drilling) site. The two Arctic firn air data sets are analysed with a firn air transport model, which translates historical variations to depth profiles of trace gases in firn. We examine a variety of possible firn diffusivity profiles, using a suite of measured trace gases, and reconstruct the CH4 mole fraction by an iterative dating method. Although the reconstructions of the Arctic CH4 mole fraction before the mid-1970s still has large uncertainties (> 30 ppb – parts per billion), we find a relatively narrow range of atmospheric CH4 history that is consistent with both depth profiles of NGRIP and NEEM. The atmospheric CH4 history inferred by this study is more consistent with the atmospheric CH4 scenario prepared for the NEEM firn modelling than that for the CMIP6 (Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6) experiments. Our study shows that the atmospheric CH4 scenario used for the NEEM firn modelling is considered to be the current best choice for the Arctic CH4 history, but it should not be used to tune firn air transport models until being verified by further measurements from sources such as the Arctic ice cores. Given the current difficulty in reconstructing the CH4 history with low uncertainty from the firn air data sets from Greenland, future sampling and measurements of ice cores at a high-accumulation site may be the only way to accurately reconstruct the atmospheric CH4 trend over the 20th century.

Published
2022
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3. Secular change in atmospheric Ar∕N2 and its implications for ocean heat uptake and Brewer–Dobson circulation

Author

S. Ishidoya, S. Sugawara, Y. Tohjima, D. Goto, K. Ishijima, Y. Niwa, N. Aoki, and S. Murayama

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Systematic measurements of the atmospheric Ar∕N2 ratio have been made at ground-based stations in Japan and Antarctica since 2012. Clear seasonal cycles of the Ar∕N2 ratio with summertime maxima were found at middle- to high-latitude stations, with seasonal amplitudes increasing with increasing latitude. Eight years of the observed Ar∕N2 ratio at Tsukuba (TKB) and Hateruma (HAT), Japan, showed interannual variations in phase with the observed variations in the global ocean heat content (OHC). We calculated secularly increasing trends of 0.75 ± 0.30 and 0.89 ± 0.60 per meg per year from the Ar∕N2 ratio observed at TKB and HAT, respectively, although these trend values are influenced by large interannual variations. In order to examine the possibility of the secular trend in the surface Ar∕N2 ratio being modified significantly by the gravitational separation in the stratosphere, two-dimensional model simulations were carried out by arbitrarily modifying the mass stream function in the model to simulate either a weakening or an enhancement of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC). The secular trend of the Ar∕N2 ratio at TKB, corrected for gravitational separation under the assumption of weakening (enhancement) of BDC simulated by the 2-D model, was 0.60 ± 0.30 (0.88 ± 0.30) per meg per year. By using a conversion factor of 3.5 × 10−23 per meg per joule by assuming a one-box ocean with a temperature of 3.5 ∘C, average OHC increase rates of 17.1 ± 8.6 ZJ yr−1 and 25.1 ± 8.6 ZJ yr−1 for the period 2012–2019 were estimated from the corrected secular trends of the Ar∕N2 ratio for the weakened- and enhanced-BDC conditions, respectively. Both OHC increase rates from the uncorrected- and weakened-BDC secular trends of the Ar∕N2 ratio are consistent with 12.2 ± 1.2 ZJ yr−1 reported by ocean temperature measurements, while that from the enhanced-BDC is outside of the range of the uncertainties. Although the effect of the actual atmospheric circulation on the Ar∕N2 ratio is still unclear and longer-term observations are needed to reduce uncertainty of the secular trend of the surface Ar∕N2 ratio, the analytical results obtained in the present study imply that the surface Ar∕N2 ratio is an important tracer for detecting spatiotemporally integrated changes in OHC and BDC.

Published
2021
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4. New technique for high-precision, simultaneous measurements of CH4, N2O and CO2 concentrations; isotopic and elemental ratios of N2, O2 and Ar; and total air content in ice cores by wet extraction

Author

I. Oyabu, K. Kawamura, K. Kitamura, R. Dallmayr, A. Kitamura, C. Sawada, J. P. Severinghaus, R. Beaudette, A. Orsi, S. Sugawara, S. Ishidoya, D. Dahl-Jensen, K. Goto-Azuma, S. Aoki, and T. Nakazawa

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Air in polar ice cores provides unique information on past climatic and atmospheric changes. We developed a new method combining wet extraction, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for high-precision, simultaneous measurements of eight air components (CH4, N2O and CO2 concentrations; δ15N, δ18O, δO2∕N2 and δAr∕N2; and total air content) from an ice-core sample of ∼ 60 g. The ice sample is evacuated for ∼ 2 h and melted under vacuum, and the released air is continuously transferred into a sample tube at 10 K within 10 min. The air is homogenized in the sample tube overnight at room temperature and split into two aliquots for mass spectrometric and gas chromatographic measurements. Care is taken to minimize (1) contamination of greenhouse gases by using a long evacuation time, (2) consumption of oxygen during sample storage by a passivation treatment on sample tubes, and (3) fractionation of isotopic ratios with a long homogenization time for splitting. Precision is assessed by analyzing standard gases with artificial ice and duplicate measurements of the Dome Fuji and NEEM ice cores. The overall reproducibility (1 SD) of duplicate ice-core analyses are 3.2 ppb, 2.2 ppb and 2.9 ppm for CH4, N2O and CO2 concentrations; 0.006 ‰, 0.011 ‰, 0.09 ‰ and 0.12 ‰ for δ15N, δ18O, δO2∕N2 and δAr∕N2; and 0.63 mLSTP kg−1 for total air content, respectively. Our new method successfully combines the high-precision, small-sample and multiple-species measurements, with a wide range of applications for ice-core paleoenvironmental studies.

Published
2020
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5. Three-dimensional simulation of stratospheric gravitational separation using the NIES global atmospheric tracer transport model

Author

D. Belikov, S. Sugawara, S. Ishidoya, F. Hasebe, S. Maksyutov, S. Aoki, S. Morimoto, and T. Nakazawa

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

A three-dimensional simulation of gravitational separation, defined as the process of atmospheric molecule separation under gravity according to their molar masses, is performed for the first time in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. We analyze distributions of two isotopes with a small difference in molecular mass (13C16O2 (Mi=45) and 12C16O2 (Mi=44)) simulated by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) chemical transport model (TM) with a parameterization of molecular diffusion. The NIES model employs global reanalysis and an isentropic vertical coordinate and uses optimized CO2 fluxes. The applicability of the NIES TM to the modeling of gravitational separation is demonstrated by a comparison with measurements recorded by high-precision cryogenic balloon-borne samplers in the lower stratosphere. We investigate the processes affecting the seasonality of gravitational separation and examine the age of air derived from the tracer distributions modeled by the NIES TM. We find a strong relationship between age of air and gravitational separation for the main climatic zones. The advantages and limitations of using age of air and gravitational separation as indicators of the variability in the stratosphere circulation are discussed.

Published
2019
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6. Age and gravitational separation of the stratospheric air over Indonesia

Author

S. Sugawara, S. Ishidoya, S. Aoki, S. Morimoto, T. Nakazawa, S. Toyoda, Y. Inai, F. Hasebe, C. Ikeda, H. Honda, D. Goto, and F. A. Putri

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The gravitational separation of major atmospheric components, in addition to the age of air, would provide additional useful information about stratospheric circulation. However, observations of the age of air and gravitational separation are still geographically sparse, especially in the tropics. In order to address this issue, air samples were collected over Biak, Indonesia in February 2015 using four large plastic balloons, each loaded with two compact cryogenic samplers. With a vertical resolution of better than 2 km, air samples from seven different altitudes were analyzed for CO2 and SF6 mole fractions, δ15N of N2, δ18O of O2, and δ(Ar∕N2) to examine the vertically dependent age and gravitational separation of air in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and the equatorial stratosphere. By comparing their measured mole fractions with aircraft observations in the upper tropical troposphere, we have found that CO2 and SF6 ages increase gradually with increasing altitude from the TTL to 22 km, and then rapidly from there up to 29 km. The CO2 and SF6 ages agree well with each other in the TTL and in the lower stratosphere, but show a significant difference above 24 km. The average values of δ15N of N2, δ18O of O2, and δ(Ar∕N2) all show a small but distinct upward decrease due to the gravitational separation effect. Simulations with a two-dimensional atmospheric transport model indicate that the gravitational separation effect decreases as tropical upwelling is enhanced. From the model calculations with enhanced eddy mixing, it is also found that the upward increase in air age is magnified by horizontal mixing. These model simulations also show that the gravitational separation effect remains relatively constant in the lower stratosphere. The results of this study strongly suggest that the gravitational separation, combined with the age of air, can be used to diagnose air transport processes in the stratosphere.

Published
2018
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7. Vertical distributions of N2O isotopocules in the equatorial stratosphere

Author

S. Toyoda, N. Yoshida, S. Morimoto, S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa, S. Sugawara, S. Ishidoya, M. Uematsu, Y. Inai, F. Hasebe, C. Ikeda, H. Honda, and K. Ishijima

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Vertical profiles of nitrous oxide (N2O) and its isotopocules, isotopically substituted molecules, were obtained over the Equator at altitudes of 16–30 km. Whole air samples were collected using newly developed balloon-borne compact cryogenic samplers over the eastern equatorial Pacific in 2012 and Biak Island, Indonesia, in 2015. They were examined in the laboratory using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The mixing ratio and isotopocule ratios of N2O in the equatorial stratosphere showed a weaker vertical gradient than the previously reported profiles in the subtropical and mid-latitude and high-latitude stratosphere. From the relation between the mixing ratio and isotopocule ratios, further distinct characteristics were found over the Equator: (1) observed isotopocule fractionations (ε values) in the middle stratosphere (25–30 km or [N2O] −1) are almost equal to ε values reported from broadband photolysis experiments conducted in the laboratory; (2) ε values in the lower stratosphere (2O] > ca. 260 nmol mol−1) are about half of the experimentally obtained values, being slightly larger than those observed in the mid-latitude and high-latitude lower stratosphere ([N2O] > ca. 170 nmol mol−1). These results from the deep tropics suggest the following. (i) The timescale for quasi-horizontal mixing between tropical and mid-latitude air in the tropical middle stratosphere is sufficiently slow relative to the tropical upwelling rate that isotope fractionation approaches the Rayleigh limit for N2O photolysis. (ii) The air in the tropical lower stratosphere is exchanged with extratropical air on a timescale that is shorter than that of photochemical decomposition of N2O. Previously observed ε values, which are invariably smaller than those of photolysis, can be explained qualitatively using a three-dimensional chemical transport model and using a simple model that assumes mixing of aged tropical air and extratropical air during residual circulation. Results show that isotopocule ratios are useful to examine the stratospheric transport scheme deduced from tracer–tracer relations.

Published
2018
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8. Inter-comparison of stratospheric mean-meridional circulation and eddy mixing among six reanalysis data sets

Author

K. Miyazaki, T. Iwasaki, Y. Kawatani, C. Kobayashi, S. Sugawara, and M. I. Hegglin

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The stratospheric mean-meridional circulation (MMC) and eddy mixing are compared among six meteorological reanalysis data sets: NCEP-NCAR, NCEP-CFSR, ERA-40, ERA-Interim, JRA-25, and JRA-55 for the period 1979–2012. The reanalysis data sets produced using advanced systems (i.e., NCEP-CFSR, ERA-Interim, and JRA-55) generally reveal a weaker MMC in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) compared with those produced using older systems (i.e., NCEP/NCAR, ERA-40, and JRA-25). The mean mixing strength differs largely among the data products. In the NH lower stratosphere, the contribution of planetary-scale mixing is larger in the new data sets than in the old data sets, whereas that of small-scale mixing is weaker in the new data sets. Conventional data assimilation techniques introduce analysis increments without maintaining physical balance, which may have caused an overly strong MMC and spurious small-scale eddies in the old data sets. At the NH mid-latitudes, only ERA-Interim reveals a weakening MMC trend in the deep branch of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC). The relative importance of the eddy mixing compared with the mean-meridional transport in the subtropical lower stratosphere shows increasing trends in ERA-Interim and JRA-55; this together with the weakened MMC in the deep branch may imply an increasing age-of-air (AoA) in the NH middle stratosphere in ERA-Interim. Overall, discrepancies between the different variables and trends therein as derived from the different reanalyses are still relatively large, suggesting that more investments in these products are needed in order to obtain a consolidated picture of observed changes in the BDC and the mechanisms that drive them.

Published
2016
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9. Variations in global methane sources and sinks during 1910–2010

Author

A. Ghosh, P. K. Patra, K. Ishijima, T. Umezawa, A. Ito, D. M. Etheridge, S. Sugawara, K. Kawamura, J. B. Miller, E. J. Dlugokencky, P. B. Krummel, P. J. Fraser, L. P. Steele, R. L. Langenfelds, C. M. Trudinger, J. W. C. White, B. Vaughn, T. Saeki, S. Aoki, and T. Nakazawa

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Atmospheric methane (CH4) increased from ~900 ppb (parts per billion, or nanomoles per mole of dry air) in 1900 to ~1800 ppb in 2010 at a rate unprecedented in any observational records. However, the contributions of the various methane sources and sinks to the CH4 increase are poorly understood. Here we use initial emissions from bottom-up inventories for anthropogenic sources, emissions from wetlands and rice paddies simulated by a~terrestrial biogeochemical model, and an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM)-based chemistry-transport model (i.e. ACTM) to simulate atmospheric CH4 concentrations for 1910–2010. The ACTM simulations are compared with the CH4 concentration records reconstructed from Antarctic and Arctic ice cores and firn air samples, and from direct measurements since the 1980s at multiple sites around the globe. The differences between ACTM simulations and observed CH4 concentrations are minimized to optimize the global total emissions using a mass balance calculation. During 1910–2010, the global total CH4 emission doubled from ~290 to ~580 Tg yr−1. Compared to optimized emission, the bottom-up emission data set underestimates the rate of change of global total CH4 emissions by ~30% during the high growth period of 1940–1990, while it overestimates by ~380% during the low growth period of 1990–2010. Further, using the CH4 stable carbon isotopic data (δ13C), we attribute the emission increase during 1940–1990 primarily to enhancement of biomass burning. The total lifetime of CH4 shortened from 9.4 yr during 1910–1919 to 9 yr during 2000–2009 by the combined effect of the increasing abundance of atomic chlorine radicals (Cl) and increases in average air temperature. We show that changes of CH4 loss rate due to increased tropospheric air temperature and CH4 loss due to Cl in the stratosphere are important sources of uncertainty to more accurately estimate the global CH4 budget from δ13C observations.

Published
2015
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14. One-Neutron Removal Cross Sections for $$^{16}$$N Isomeric State

Author

M. Fukutome, M. Fukuda, M. Tanaka, D. Nishimura, M. Takechi, T. Ohtsubo, M. Mihara, K. Matsuta, T. Suzuki, T. Yamaguchi, T. Izumikawa, S. Sato, S. Fukuda, A. Kitagawa, H. Takahashi, Y. Kimura, S. Sugawara, K. Takatsu, and G. Takayama

Subjects
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Published
2022

15. Gravitational separation in the stratosphere – a new indicator of atmospheric circulation

Author

S. Ishidoya, S. Sugawara, S. Morimoto, S. Aoki, T. Nakazawa, H. Honda, and S. Murayama

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

As a basic understanding of the dynamics of the atmospheric circulation, it has been believed that gravitational separation of atmospheric components is observable only in the atmosphere above the turbopause. However, we found, from our high-precision measurements of not only the isotopic ratios of N2, O2 and Ar but also the mole fraction of Ar, that gravitational separation occurs even in the stratosphere below the turbopause; their observed vertical profiles are in good agreement with those expected theoretically from molecular mass differences. The O2/N2 ratio observed in the middle stratosphere, corrected for gravitational separation, showed the same mean air age as estimated from the CO2 mole fraction. Simulations with a 2-dimensional model of the middle atmosphere indicated that a relationship between gravitational separation and the age of air in the stratosphere would be significantly affected if the Brewer–Dobson circulation was enhanced due to global warming. Therefore, gravitational separation is usable as a new indicator of changes in the atmospheric circulation in the stratosphere.

Published
2013
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16. VP5-2021: IMpower133: Gene expression (GE) analysis in long-term survivors (LTS) with ES-SCLC treated with first-line carboplatin and etoposide (CE) ± atezolizumab (atezo)

Author

S.V. Liu, T.S.K. Mok, A.S. Mansfield, R.H. De Boer, G. Losonczy, S. Sugawara, M.J. Krzakowski, A. Smolin, M.J. Hochmair, M.C. Garassino, C.M. Gay, J.V. Heymach, L.A. Byers, M. McCleland, B.Y. Nabet, S. Morris, L. Adler, D. Shames, and M. Reck

Subjects
business.industry, First line, Hematology, Carboplatin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oncology, chemistry, Atezolizumab, Gene expression, Cancer research, medicine, business, Etoposide, medicine.drug
Published
2021

17. Application of spin polarized 19O beam to the study of oxygen motion in solid oxide fuel cell materials

Author

Y. Otani, M. Mihara, K. Matsuta, M. Fukuda, R. Wakabayashi, N. Okimoto, M. Fukutome, Y. Kimura, G. Takayama, T. Izumikawa, N. Noguchi, M. Ogose, M. Sato, K. Takatsu, T. Ohtsubo, D. Nishimura, H. Takahashi, S. Sugawara, A. Gladkov, H. Ishiyama, A. Kitagawa, S. Sato, S. Momota, H. Okumura, T. Moriguchi, A. Ozawa, N. Kaname, and A. Yano

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Published
2021

22. 150 Lipid Abnormality, Current Diabetes and Age Affect Erectile Hardness ∼ An Analysis of Data from Complete Medical Checkups Performed at a Single Hospital in Japan

Author

K. Ishikawa, H. Sasaki, Y. Ogushi, A. Niikura, T. Ota, Y. Ichimura, Y. Hashimoto, I. Kurokawa, H. Sugishita, S. Tanifuji, M. Yamagishi, H. Shimoyama, M. Ota, K. Oshinomi, K. Hayashi, J. Morita, T. Shichijo, T. Fukagai, and S. Sugawara

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine, Urology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Abstract

Objectives The Erection Hardness Score (EHS) can assess erectile hardness with a single question and is readily used in routine clinical practice. We investigated the correlation between EHS and both erectile function and metabolic risk, lifestyle, and other factors. Methods This study included 548 men who underwent a complete standard medical checkup at our hospital between July 1, 2016, and August 31, 2018, and answered the question about erectile hardness. The following variables were evaluated: age, erectile hardness on the EHS, erectile function on the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), current medical history (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart disease, stroke), metabolic risk factors (abdominal circumference, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, lipid abnormality), and lifestyle factors. First, to examine the correlation between erectile hardness and erectile function, the mean SHIM score by EHS grade was determined for each age group. Then, an analyses was performed to examine the association between erectile hardness and age, current medical history, metabolic risk factors, and lifestyle factors. Results In each age group, a lower EHS grade was associated with a lower mean SHIM score. Lipid abnormality, diabetes, and age were independent risk factors for decreased erectile hardness. Conclusion The EHS as a measure of erectile hardness was correlated with erectile functional as assessed using the SHIM, and current diabetes and lipid abnormality were independent risk factors for decreased erectile hardness. However, neither dyslipidemia nor lipid abnormality is listed as a risk factor in the ED guidelines. Traditionally, lipid abnormality was assessed based mainly on the presence or absence of current hyper-lipidemia and serum total cholesterol level. Today, the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome proposed by the World Health Organization, International Diabetes Federation, and Japanese Society of Internal Medicine also recommend the use of serum triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels, instead of total cholesterol level, for evaluating lipid abnormality. I think the assessment of lipid abnormality should be used triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels, instead of total cholesterol level. Disclosure Work supported by industry: no.

Published
2022

25. 1781MO IMpower133: Characterisation of long-term survivors treated first-line with chemotherapy ± atezolizumab in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer

Author

S. Sugawara, M.C. Garassino, Mark McCleland, R De Boer, György Losonczy, S. Lam, A. Cardona, Maciej Krzakowski, Tony Mok, Leora Horn, A. Smolin, Stephen V. Liu, Maximilian Hochmair, Martin Reck, S. Morris, Rafal Dziadziuszko, and Aaron S. Mansfield

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemotherapy, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, First line, Hematology, Term (time), Atezolizumab, Internal medicine, medicine, business, Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer
Published
2020

26. ARCTIC: durvalumab with or without tremelimumab as third-line or later treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer

Author

Juergen R. Fischer, M. Powell, Y. Takeda, Michael McCleod, Sergey Orlov, Silvia Novello, S. Mandziuk, Sarayut Lucien Geater, D. Marquez-Medina, David Planchard, R. May, Paul K. Stockman, Niels Reinmuth, Kwang Bo Park, Ross A. Soo, Dariusz M. Kowalski, U. Scheuring, and S. Sugawara

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Durvalumab, Lung Neoplasms, durvalumab, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, tremelimumab, Internal medicine, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Humans, Lung cancer, Adverse effect, ARCTIC, business.industry, metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, Hazard ratio, immunotherapy, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Hematology, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, Third line, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Non small cell, business, Tremelimumab, medicine.drug
Abstract

Many patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) experience disease progression after first- and second-line treatment; more treatment options are required for these patients. ARCTIC, a phase III, randomized, open-label study, assessed durvalumab ± tremelimumab versus standard of care (SoC) as ≥ third-line treatment of mNSCLC.ARCTIC comprised two independent sub-studies. Study A: 126 patients with ≥25% of tumor cells (TCs) expressing programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) were randomized (1 : 1) to durvalumab [up to 12 months 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks (q2w)] or SoC. Study B: 469 patients with PD-L1 TC25% were randomized (3 : 2 : 2 : 1) to durvalumab + tremelimumab (12 weeks durvalumab 20 mg/kg + tremelimumab 1 mg/kg q4w then 34 weeks durvalumab 10 mg/kg q2w), SoC, durvalumab (up to 12 months 10 mg/kg q2w), or tremelimumab (24 weeks 10 mg/kg q4w then 24 weeks q12w). Primary end points: overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for durvalumab versus SoC (study A; descriptive only) and durvalumab + tremelimumab versus SoC (study B).Study A: median OS 11.7 (durvalumab) versus 6.8 (SoC) months {hazard ratio (HR) 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.42-0.93]}; median PFS 3.8 (durvalumab) versus 2.2 (SoC) months [HR 0.71 (95% CI, 0.49-1.04)]. Study B: median OS 11.5 (durvalumab + tremelimumab) versus 8.7 (SoC) months [HR 0.80 (95% CI, 0.61-1.05); P = 0.109]. Median PFS of 3.5 months for both groups [HR 0.77 (95% CI, 0.59-1.01); P = 0.056]. Treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events: 9.7% (durvalumab) and 44.4% (SoC; study A) and 22.0% (durvalumab + tremelimumab) and 36.4% (SoC; study B).In heavily pretreated patients with mNSCLC, durvalumab demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in OS and PFS versus SoC (patients with PD-L1 TC ≥25%); numerical improvements in OS and PFS for durvalumab + tremelimumab versus SoC were observed (patients with PD-L1 TC25%). Safety profiles were consistent with previous studies.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02352948.

Published
2019

28. OA11.06 IMpower133: Exploratory Analysis of Maintenance Therapy in Patients With Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Author

Aaron S. Mansfield, A. Cardona, M.C. Garassino, Leora Horn, György Losonczy, Stephen V. Liu, Maximilian Hochmair, S. Morris, Helge Bischoff, Martin Reck, Gilberto de Castro, S. Sugawara, Tony Mok, Maciej Krzakowski, Rafal Dziadziuszko, A. Smolin, and R De Boer

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Maintenance therapy, business.industry, Internal medicine, Medicine, In patient, Exploratory analysis, business, Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer
Published
2021

29. Pembrolizumab (pembro) plus platinum-based chemotherapy (chemo) for metastatic NSCLC: Tissue TMB (tTMB) and outcomes in KEYNOTE-021, 189, and 407

Author

S. Sugawara, J. Kobie, Jared Lunceford, Rina Hui, Gregory M. Lubiniecki, Bilal Piperdi, Hossein Borghaei, M.C. Garassino, Andrew Albright, Balazs Halmos, Andrey Loboda, Silvia Novello, Razvan Cristescu, M. Ayers, M.C. Pietanza, Corey J. Langer, Deepti Aurora-Garg, Luis Paz-Ares, Shirish M. Gadgeel, and Ying Cheng

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Kyowa hakko, business.industry, Stock options, Hematology, Exploratory analysis, Management, Nsclc tissue, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacy (field), Survival benefit, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Visual accommodation, Baseline characteristics, Medicine, business
Abstract

Background Pembro + chemo improves efficacy as 1L therapy for metastatic squamous and nonsquamous NSCLC, regardless of PD-L1 TPS. We explored the relationship between tTMB and efficacy in KEYNOTE-021 C and G (nonsquamous; NCT02039674), 189 (nonsquamous; NCT02578680), and 407 (squamous; NCT02775435). Methods tTMB was determined by whole-exome sequencing of tumor and matched normal DNA. For each study, the association of tTMB (continuous log10 transformed) with outcomes for pembro + chemo and for chemo was assessed in pts with evaluable tTMB using Cox proportional hazards models (OS, PFS) and logistic regression (ORR); statistical significance was determined at the 0.05 level (no multiplicity adjustment). Clinical utility of tTMB on outcomes was assessed using a prespecified cutpoint of 175 mut/exome. Primary study endpoints were OS and PFS in KEYNOTE-189 and 407 and ORR in 021. Results tTMB was evaluable in 48% of treated pts in KEYNOTE-021 C and G, 48% in 189, and 56% in 407. Baseline characteristics and efficacy were similar in the tTMB-evaluable and total populations. tTMB (continuous log10) was not significantly associated with efficacy of pembro + chemo or chemo (minimum P values across studies: 1-sided .072 for ORR, .052 for PFS, and .081 for OS for pembro + chemo; 2-sided .086, .055, and .475, respectively, for chemo). Pembro + chemo improved OS and PFS for tTMB ≥175 and Conclusions In this exploratory analysis, tTMB was not significantly associated with efficacy of pembro + platinum-based chemo or of chemo alone as 1L therapy for metastatic NSCLC, regardless of histology. Pembro + chemo showed survival benefit in the tTMB-high and low subgroups for both squamous and nonsquamous NSCLC.TableLBA80TabletTMB ≥175 mut/exomeatTMB Clinical trial identification KEYNOTE-021: NCT02039674, originally posted January 17, 2014; KEYNOTE-189: NCT02578680, originally posted October 19, 2015; KEYNOTE-407: NCT02775435, originally posted May 17, 2016. Editorial acknowledgement Melanie Leiby of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. Legal entity responsible for the study Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. Funding Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA Disclosure L. Paz-Ares: Officer / Board of Directors: Genomica; Honoraria (self): Roche ; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): MSD; Honoraria (self): Lilly; Honoraria (self): Novartis; Honoraria (self): Boehringer Ingelheim; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self): Amgen; Honoraria (self): Sanofi; Honoraria (self): Pharamar; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Pfizer; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Bristol-Myers Squibb; Honoraria (self): Merck; Honoraria (self): Takeda; Honoraria (self): Celgene; Honoraria (self): Servier; Honoraria (self): Sysmex; Honoraria (self): Incyte; Honoraria (self): Ipsen; Honoraria (self): Adacap; Honoraria (self): Bayer; Honoraria (self): Blueprint; Leadership role: Altum Sequencing. C.J. Langer: Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): Merck & Co., Inc.; Advisory / Consultancy: AbbVie; Advisory / Consultancy: AstraZeneca; Advisory / Consultancy: Celgene; Advisory / Consultancy: Lilly; Advisory / Consultancy: Pfizer; Advisory / Consultancy: Roche/Genentech; Advisory / Consultancy: Takeda; Advisory / Consultancy: Bristol-Myers Squibb. S. Novello: Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: AstraZeneca; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Boehringer Ingelheim; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Bristol-Myers Squibb; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Bayer; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony, Research grant / Funding (institution): MSD; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Roche; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Takeda; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Pfizer; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Eli Lilly. B. Halmos: Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): Merck & Co., Inc.; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): Boehringer Ingelheim; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): AstraZeneca; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): Novartis; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): Pfizer; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): Guardant Health; Advisory / Consultancy: Spectrum; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): Bristol-Myers Squibb; Advisory / Consultancy: Genentech; Research grant / Funding (institution): Eli Lilly; Research grant / Funding (institution): GlaxoSmithKline; Research grant / Funding (institution): AbbVie; Research grant / Funding (institution): Mirati; Research grant / Funding (institution): Takeda. Y. Cheng: Research grant / Funding (institution): MSD. S.M. Gadgeel: Advisory / Consultancy: Boehringer Ingelheim; Advisory / Consultancy: Xcovery; Advisory / Consultancy: AstraZeneca; Advisory / Consultancy: Novocure; Advisory / Consultancy: Bristol-Myers Squibb; Advisory / Consultancy: Genentech/Roche; Advisory / Consultancy: Takeda; Research grant / Funding (institution): MSD. R. Hui: Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): MSD; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Roche; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Novartis; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Bristol-Myers Squibb; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Eli Lilly. S. Sugawara: Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): MSD; Honoraria (self): Bristol-Myers Squibb; Honoraria (self): Ono Pharmaceutical; Honoraria (self): AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self): Chugai Pharma; Honoraria (self): Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim; Honoraria (self): Eli Lilly; Honoraria (self): Pfizer; Honoraria (self): Novartis; Honoraria (self): Taiho Pharmaceutical; Honoraria (self): Kyowa Hakko Kirin. H. Borghaei: Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Amgen; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Pfizer; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Bristol-Myers Squibb; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Genentech; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Celgene; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Merck ; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: EMD-Serono; Advisory / Consultancy: Boehringer Ingelheim; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: AstraZeneca; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Novartis; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Genmab; Advisory / Consultancy: Regeneron; Advisory / Consultancy: BioNTech; Advisory / Consultancy: Cantargia AB; Advisory / Consultancy: AbbVie; Advisory / Consultancy: Axiom; Advisory / Consultancy: PharmaMar; Advisory / Consultancy: Takeda; Advisory / Consultancy: Huya Bio; Research grant / Funding (institution): Milennium; Research grant / Funding (institution): Merck/Celgene; Research grant / Funding (institution): BMS/Lilly; Full / Part-time employment: Fox Chase Cancer Center; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Lilly. R. Cristescu: Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options, Full / Part-time employment: Merck & Co., Inc.. D. Aurora-Garg: Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options, Full / Part-time employment: Merck & Co., Inc.. A. Albright: Full / Part-time employment: Merck & Co., Inc.. A. Loboda: Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options, Full / Part-time employment: Merck & Co., Inc.. J. Kobie: Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options, Full / Part-time employment: Merck & Co., Inc.. J. Lunceford: Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options, Full / Part-time employment: Merck & Co., Inc.. M. Ayers: Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options, Full / Part-time employment: Merck & Co., Inc.. G.M. Lubiniecki: Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options, Full / Part-time employment: Merck & Co., Inc.. M.C. Pietanza: Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options, Full / Part-time employment: Merck & Co., Inc.. B. Piperdi: Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options, Full / Part-time employment: Merck & Co., Inc.. M.C. Garassino: Advisory / Consultancy, Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony, Research grant / Funding (institution): AstraZeneca; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Takeda; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): Bristol-Myers Squibb; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): MSD; Advisory / Consultancy: Lilly; Advisory / Consultancy: Roche; Advisory / Consultancy: Boehringer Ingelheim; Advisory / Consultancy: Novartis; Research grant / Funding (institution): Roche/Genentech; Research grant / Funding (institution): MedImmune.

Published
2019

30. Function of Platelet-Induced Epithelial Attachment at Titanium Surfaces Inhibits Microbial Colonization

Author

Y. Nara, Shigemi Nagai, Chen Chen Lee, Masazumi Nagai, Hidemichi Kihara, J. D. Da Silva, Masahiko Maeno, S. Sugawara, and David M. Kim

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Blood Platelets, Surface Properties, Epithelial Attachment, chemistry.chemical_element, Dental Abutments, In Vitro Techniques, Bacterial Adhesion, 03 medical and health sciences, Dental Materials, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Escherichia coli, Humans, Platelet activation, General Dentistry, Barrier function, Basement membrane, Dental Implants, Titanium, Wound Healing, Platelet-Rich Plasma, 030206 dentistry, Peri-Implantitis, Epithelium, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Biophysics, Surface modification, Basal lamina, Receptors, Thrombin
Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the barrier function of platelet-induced epithelial sheets on titanium surfaces. The lack of functional peri-implant epithelial sealing with basal lamina (BL) attachment at the interface of the implant and the adjacent epithelium allows for bacterial invasion, which may lead to peri-implantitis. Although various approaches have been reported to combat bacterial infection by surface modifications to titanium, none of these have been successful in a clinical application. In our previous study, surface modification with protease-activated receptor 4–activating peptide (PAR4-AP), which induced platelet activation and aggregation, was successful in demonstrating epithelial attachment via BL and epithelial sheet formation on the titanium surface. We hypothesized that the platelet-induced epithelial sheet on PAR4-AP–modified titanium surfaces would reduce bacterial attachment, penetration, and invasion. Titanium surface was modified with PAR4-AP and incubated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The aggregated platelets released collagen IV, a critical BL component, onto the PAR4-AP–modified titanium surface. Then, human gingival epithelial cells were seeded on the modified titanium surface and formed epithelial sheets. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)–expressing Escherichia coli was cultured onto PAR4-AP–modified titanium with and without epithelial sheet formation. While Escherichia coli accumulated densely onto the PAR4-AP titanium lacking epithelial sheet, few Escherichia coli were observed on the epithelial sheet on the PAR4-AP surface. No bacterial invasion into the interface of the epithelial sheet and the titanium surface was observed. These in vitro results indicate the efficacy of a platelet-induced epithelial barrier that functions to prevent bacterial attachment, penetration, and invasion on PAR4-AP–modified titanium.

Published
2017

32. Preparation and Optical Patterning of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Color-Filter Films Using Latent Pigments by Utilizing Photo-Acid-Generator and Microwave Irradiation

Author

Tomoji Ohishi and S. Sugawara

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, genetic structures, business.industry, Substrate (chemistry), Polymer, medicine.disease_cause, chemistry, Color gel, medicine, Optoelectronics, sense organs, Irradiation, Photomask, Thin film, business, Microwave, Ultraviolet
Abstract

Preparation and photo-patterning characteristics of organic-inorganic hybrid thin film containing latent pigment by using photo-acid-generator (PAG) and microwave irradiation have been investigated. The acrylic thin film modified with methoxysilane containing PAG was formed on a glass substrate and irradiated with ultraviolet rays to promote sol-gel reaction by catalytic action of acid which was generated from PAG. And then the film was hardened with microwave irradiation, yielding organic-inorganic hybrid polymer film having hardness, highly transparency and strong adhesion with a glass substrate. Since this reaction only occurred in the optically (UV) irradiated regions, by exploiting the difference between the adhesivenesses of these regions photo-irradiated through photomask with a glass substrate, it was possible to form a patterned film with pitch of 100 to 50 μm by a simple lift-off method. A pigment-containing film using latent pigments (with subtractive three primary colors of coloring materials) and a patterned film were prepared, and it was possible to make these films multi-colored by varying the mixing ratio of the pigments. This multi-colored film-preparation method is effective for simply and efficiently forming a color-filter film by applying optical and microwave irradiation.

Published
2014

33. Phase II study of low-dose afatinib maintenance treatment for patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NJLCG1601)

Author

Ryoko Saito, S. Inoue, T. Yamada, S. Sugawara, T. Harada, T. Nakagawa, A. Nakamura, D. Jingu, Hisashi Tanaka, and M. Morita

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Afatinib, Low dose, Phases of clinical research, Hematology, medicine.disease, Discontinuation, Internal medicine, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Non small cell, Progression-free survival, business, Lung cancer, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Afatinib is a 2nd generation EGFR-TKI and has been a standard first line treatment for patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutations. Afatinib has good efficiency, whereas afatinib has severe adverse events (AEs) and often lead to discontinuation of treatment or a dose reduction. NJLCG1601 was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose afatinib maintenance treatment. Methods EGFR-TKI-naive stage III / IV / recurrent NSCLC pts harboring EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R or minor mutation) were enrolled. Pts received afatinib 40mg orally once a day. When prescribed AEs (grade ≧ 2 in CACAE ver 4.0) or unacceptable AEs occurred, a dose of afatinib was reduced from 40mg to 30mg, 30mg to 20mg. The treatment was continued until disease progression, occurrence of intolerable severe AEs, or withdrawal of consent. The primary endpoint was 1-year progression free survival (PFS) rate. Secondary endpoints were PFS, overall response rate (ORR), the incidence of AEs, and the incidence of grade ≧ 3 AEs. Assuming a threshold 1-year PFS rate of 42% and an expected 1-year PFS rate of 63%, a total of 26 pts was required to have 90% power at a two-tailed alpha of 0.05. This is a subset analysis of patients with adenocarcinoma in NJLCG1601 study (Trial Identifier, UMIN000020688). Results Between Apr 2016 and Sep 2017, 30 pts were enrolled. Among 30 patients, 28 patients (93%) were adenocarcinoma. Pts characteristics were as follows: median ages, 70 years (range 46-79 years); proportion of males, 43%; clinical stage, IV 61% and post-op 39%; EGFR mutation types, exon 19 deletion 54%, ex21 L858R 36%, and minor mutations 11%. 1-year PFS rate was 53.6% (95% CI, 33.8-69.8), median PFS was 13.0 months, and ORR was 78.6%. Dose reductions occurred in 86% (24/28). Incidence of all cause grade ≧ 3 was 60% which is smaller than the frequency of Japanese subset in LUX-Lung 3. ILD was occurred in 3 patients and 1 patients died. Treatment-related deaths were observed in 2 pts. Conclusions Low-dose afatinib maintenance treatment reduced treatment-related adverse events without detracting from the therapeutic efficacy. Legal entity responsible for the study UMIN000020688. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure A. Nakamura: Honoraria (self): MSD; Honoraria (self): Chugai; Honoraria (self): AstraZeneca. S. Inoue: Honoraria (self): AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self): Eli Lilly; Honoraria (self): MSD; Honoraria (self): Otsuka Pharmaceutical; Honoraria (self), research funding: Kyorin Pharmaceutical; Honoraria (self): Ono Pharmaceutical; Honoraria (self): GlaxoSmithKline; Honoraria (self): Daiichi Sankyo Company; Honoraria (self): Taiho Pharmaceutical; Honoraria (self): Chugai Pharmaceutical; Honoraria (self): Teijin Pharma; Honoraria (self), research funding: Novartis Pharma; Honoraria (self): Pfizer Inc; Honoraria (self): Boehringer Ingelheim; Honoraria (self): Meiji Seika Pharma. S. Sugawara: Honoraria (self): AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self): Chugai Pharma; Honoraria (self): Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim; Honoraria (self): Taiho Pharmaceutical; Honoraria (self): Pfizer; Honoraria (self): Eli Lilly; Honoraria (self): Novartis; Honoraria (self): Kyowa Hakko Kirin; Honoraria (self): Bristol-Myers Squibb; Honoraria (self): Ono Pharmaceutical; Honoraria (self): MSD. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Published
2019

34. Estimates of Genetic Relatedness Among Males in a Polygynous Wasp

Author

K Shinohara, Ronaldo Zucchi, Satoshi Hozumi, Sidnei Mateus, Kazuyuki Kudô, S Sugawara, and Koji Tsuchida

Subjects
Male, Entomology, Ecology, ved/biology, Wasps, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Zoology, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Epiponini, Insect Science, Animals, Genetic relatedness, Allele, Social Behavior, Polybia paulista, Polygyny
Abstract

Cyclical oligogyny is considered to be the mechanism that is most likely to be responsible for stabilizing cooperation in polygynous, epiponine wasps, in which single-queen colonies produce new queens and multiple-queen colonies produce males. In contrast with the number of studies on relatedness among adult females, we know little about relatedness among males in polygynous epiponine wasps. We estimated worker and male relatedness in the Brazilian epiponine wasp Polybia paulista Ihering and found that colonies of P. paulista produced males when they contained multiple queens. Although average relatedness within males did not differ significantly from 0.5, the number of alleles observed suggests that there were more than one queen to produce males in each colony. Our data would be helpful to elucidate dynamics of the male production in a colony of epiponine wasps.

Published
2012

35. ARCTIC: Durvalumab + tremelimumab and durvalumab monotherapy vs SoC in ≥ 3L advanced NSCLC treatment

Author

Michael McCleod, S. Mandziuk, Juergen R. Fischer, D.M. Medine, Ross A. Soo, Sarayut Lucien Geater, Silvia Novello, Y. Takeda, Paul K. Stockman, Sergey Orlov, David Planchard, S. Sugawara, K. Park, R. May, M. Powell, Niels Reinmuth, and Dariusz M. Kowalski

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Durvalumab, business.industry, Hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Arctic, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Internal medicine, medicine, business, Tremelimumab, medicine.drug
Published
2018

36. Tumor immunity and immunosurveillance (PP-093)

Author

G. Bi, K. Hanada, M. Maeda, W. J. Norde, A. Piwko-Czuchra, M. Hojjat-Farsangi, C. Tsai, G. Ball, C. Sarkar, Alireza Razavi, U. Yamashita, A. Jamali, O. Gavriliuc, S. Darzi, W. Wang, V. Subr, Y. Endo, M. Mehrabi Bahar, M. Hung, M. W. L. Teng, M. Miiluniemi, R. Sen, S. Bae, H. C. Hung, A. Anjomshoaa, L. Cazin, D. Zhao, I. J. Shubina, R. Maekawa, M. Shin-ya, M. Pfreundschuh, S. M. ElZoghaby, T. A. Luger, A. Nabi, N. Minato, Y. Kao, M. S. Alam, R. Spisek, M. Maki, V. Huovinen, T. Murata, R. Anderson, E. Nicholson, M. van Egmond, J. Tomala, C. Wang, W. Sun, M. Momeny, S. Lee, M. L. Mora-García, N. Alizadeh, D. Jin, I. Comerford, E. P. Kisseleva, R. M. Talaat, S. Kim, D. Wakita, J. Strid, M. Shimomura, S. Wang, Y. Tamura, Y. Tanaka, J. Ichikawa, M. Inaba, H. Lee, R. Nohra, P. Hu, J. Sun, N. Okazaki, K. Franciszkiewicz, G. M. Fadaly, M. Maksimow, A. Rosca, W. L. Olszewski, T. Inozume, Y. Zhang, S. F. Ngiow, H. K. Takahashi, M. H. Huang, S. Hashino, H. Li, K. S. Titov, H. C. Toh, H. Lim, T. Yaguchi, M. Bögels, B. Kubuschok, M. Wang, G. Nunez, A. Pourazar, F. Mami-Chouaib, P. Rossmann, K. Moriya, A. Eric, N. Li, S. Ichimiya, R. Kumar, H. Mao, L. H. El Sayed, T. Chen, I. Kuiatse, Y. M. Tzeng, A. V. Schattenberg, G. Kristiansen, Y. Mizote, P. Lei, Y. Harata-Lee, H. Ihn, M. R. Khorramizadeh, M. R. Egeler, B. Sumer, H. Kim, S. Gnjatic, C. K. Lee, R. Kiessling, Y. Tomita, Y. Ji, E. A. Starickova, J. Kopecny, E. Nakazawa, M. W. Teng, D. J. DiLillo, M. E. Castro-Manrreza, S. N. M. AbouRawach, J. C. Wallace, Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani, H. I. Huang, T. Sakurai, F. Golsaz Shirazi, M. Schaap, Y. Nishimura, N. M. AbouRawach, W. Yang, A. Zamani, S. Hong, A. Wakabayashi, K. Berg Lorvik, W. Shi, E. Nakayama, V. Raina, D. Jung, D. J. Cole, A. Hosoi, B. Becher, L. Keyue, T. Torigoe, J. Hasheminia, H. Matsuda, Y. Adachi, V. Bronte, E. Kato, M. H. Andersen, B. Weiss-Steider, K. Sumida, A. Gruia, M. Voskort, M. Mandai, H. Baba, A. Korman, Z. Qin, M. Khorramizadeh, B. Rihova, G. E. Lyons, H. Yoon, T. Tang, C. A. Hansen, M. Nakatsugawa, Y. Kim, C. Soderberg Naucler, M. Harada, P. Kralikova, M. Hajzadeh, M. Hoseinipanah, A. Uenaka, S. Inoda, C. Gest, N. Shibagaki, M. Quigley, O. S. Naga, J. Chen, H. Liu, T. Ito, M. Saberi-Firoozi, J. Khoshnoodi, F. Zhu, H. M. Ghoneim, R. Esmaeili, Z. Jahanshiri, J. Lee, Y. Hirohashi, N. Hosaka, A. Berahmeh, M. Bodogai, I. Markovic, N. Fu, M. Hong, Y. Kanthaiah, J. D. Holland, J. King, H. S. Kang, X. Huang, M. Brenner, S. Anghel, S. Nagoya, J. Soria, I. Konishi, M. Kato, J. Shin, N. Sato, R. Beelen, G. K. Brown, Y. J. Zhuang, K. Ulbrich, S. Senju, T. Kishida, J. Fucikova, J. Kim, Iwona Hus, F. Xu, M. Inoue, M. Shabani, Lorenzo Mortara, L. Zheng, S. Ghaffari, N. Ozoren, K. Nakatsuka, E. Gélizé, M. Zhang, R. Korenstein, W. Li, P. Marrack, A. Feng, B. Toh, N. Matsumura, R. A. Kemp, J. Hernández-Montes, S. Werner, C. M. Diaz-Montero, H. Hayashi, X. Zha, T. F. Tedder, Y. Wu, E. Torkabadi, A. Choudhury, M. Asaka, Y. Bi, C. C. Johansson, K. Kakimi, Y. G. Mansurova, K. Oida, Y. Kusumoto, M. J. Smyth, C. J. Chen, H. L. Dong, Jamshid Hadjati, I. Besu-Zizak, T. Takeuchi, O. Buyanovskaya, A. V. Krylov, I. Juko-Pecirep, M. A. Firer, A. Girardin, M. Fukuda, K. T. Y. H. Hiroshi Shiku, I. Mahmud, S. Jalkanen, S. H. Tu, N. K. Akhmatova, M. Hajimoradi, K. Udaka, X. Zhang, S. Beissert, Y. Urade, K. Ghaffarzadehgan, J. Strohalm, Z. Han, C. Akekawatchai, X. Cao, M. V. Kiselevsky, Y. Keisari, T. Tan, T. Yoshikawa, S. Muto, D. Mougiakakos, H. Dolabi, Q. Wang, H. Nakano, S. R. Hadrup, V. Frangione, Roberto S. Accolla, Y. Hwang, H. Mochimaru, R. Okita, K. Ohmori, H. Sima, J. Prieto, S. A. Rosenberg, I. Poschke, M. I. Nishimura, J. Medina, P. Wen, Y. Lu, R. Hadavi, A. Corthay, Y. Kawakami, S. Bao-en, M. Yousefi, M. S. Hassan, M. Torabi Rahvar, S. Mohanty, P. Nagarkatti, E. A. Lebedinskaya, Y. Li, V. Paunescu, Y. Zheng, E. Hafez, Y. H. Lee, W. Song, K. Soliman, W. Gao, M. Matsui, Z. Juranic, K. Hebeda, R. Gress, T. Kishimoto, C. Zhang, Q. Xie, C. A. Rosenstadt, K. Klimesova, J. Zhou, S. Kawaguchi, B. Clausen, J. Jiang, Magdalena Wasiak, N. Sakemura, J. L. Teillaud, H. M. Koheil, M. Ahmad, N. Ding, M. Jevric, I. V. Lyamina, Z. Zakostelska, M. Soengas, T. Takaki, H. Dai, D. Mehrabani, K. Aritake, D. Chen, J. Kato, M. Djordjevic, S. Fukushima, I. M. Svane, A. Rahbar, T. Nishimura, B. Kharma, M. W. Schilham, I. Entin, B. von Scheidt, T. Taguchi, Y. Nakashima, D. Preuss, K. Mimura, A. Tominaga, T. Fujita, K. Kido, H. Raziee, S. Ikehara, T. Komatsu, H. Yagura, Y. Yoshida, G. Capone, X. Wang, R. Varin, N. Kumagai, M. Kochetkova, A. Hayday, M. Karikoski, Chun-Yen Chang, H. Maeng, S. Sugawara, S. Ghadri, H. Chmelova, A. Sun, W. Pei'e, L. A. Sherman, A. Puaux, A. Amari, E. Saller, W. H. Fridman, N. Junker, M. Sarafraz yazdi, K. Wejksza, M. Kovar, H. Yang, C. Hu, Y. Arima, A. Le Floc'h, Y. Nakamura, R. Morita, Y. Iwakura, H. Oster, M. Zabala, I. Z. Matic, V. Chew, A. Memarian, G. Jiang, B. Huang, I. Hammami, T. N. M. Schumacher, P. Vossough, N. Tsukamoto, V. I. Lioudyno, M. Sirova, M. Oka, J. Eyles, H. Madadi, H. Stauss, A. Itai, L. U'Ren, B. Tsai, H. W. Chen, X. Qu, R. García-Rocha, Y. Goto, H. Ozaki, Patrizia Castellani, Q. Shao, K. Wang, A. Talei, E. Ivansson, C. L. Wang, J. J. Montesinos-Montesinos, H. Dolstra, D. Nistor, M. Li, S. Hirata, T. Etrych, X. M. Gao, L. Li, O. Mazda, D. Andrews, B. Ansaripour, P. Yotnda, Q. J. Wang, T. Tsukahara, J. Bartunkova, H. Lei, H. Fredrix, A. De Lerma Barbaro, G. R. Fajardo-Orduña, Paulina Wdowiak, L. Gunn, W. Zuo, Q. Zhang, T. Sparwasser, S. Chen, Y. Yang, L. Liu, Y. Kikuchi, T. Aji, S. Nakai, K. H. Lim, M. M. Andalib, H. Norell, U. V. Ozkurede, T. Shimada, A. Andalib, J. Slansky, Xiao-Tong Yuan, P. Chong, Y. Miura, J. Inoue, T. Yamashita, Y. Faghani, S. Hosseini, H. Hosseinnezhad, K. Dan, Q. Liu, C. Park, A. Prevost-Blondel, A. Tomar, H. Pfister, S. Okano, H. Harimoto, H. J. Baelde, S. Shimada, J. Vom Berg, B. Deng, J. C. Becker, S. Samarghandian, A. K. Chávez-Rueda, J. C. Yang, A H Zarnani, T. Nakatsura, N. Erfani, R. van der Voort, R. C. Rees, X. Wen, V. Gutierrez-Serrano, H. Kishimoto, A. Ghaderi, H. Ren, Y. Zhong, A. Lankester, A. Amini, S. A. Williams, G. Jin, M. Mittelman, P. Thor Straten, I. Ng, T. Suzuki, C. Tovar, N. Harashima, Y. Oshima, I. V. Oradovskaya, M. Mahmoudian, I. C. Le Poole, Y. Furukawa, V. Budinsky, Y. Liu, M. Hori, Nazanin Mojtabavi, H. Rabbani, S. A. Shamsdin, Z. Tayarani, H. Fan, Y. Hayashida, K. Iwamura, B. Bogen, S. Vivekanandhan, V. Phillips, L. Berge-Hansen, Q. Yin, N. Lee, Y. Sasaki, Q. Li, M. Nishibori, K. Sato, N. D. Spivey, G. Y. Liu, H. Asanuma, H. Kang, R. Ophir, H. Mellstedt, D. Crisnic, A. Irie, J. Klarquist, B. Seliger, H. Wake, N. McLaughlin, S. Park, D. Vetvicka, J. T. Baran, I. Gustavsson, N. Arandi, Y. Sher, J. Kong, T. Ando, L. Volkova, J. Yan, H. Fang, N. Matumura, M. Arjipour, D. Handke, M. Ghasemi, A. E. Reeve, P. Berraondo, O. Hovorka, P. Chow, R. A. Sharifian, G. Shen, G. Hu, S. J. Liu, R. Abès, H. Takahashi, Anna Dmoszynska, C. A. Don-López, N. Tajik, H. Hwang, N. Gül, K. Horie, N. Rahbar-Roshandel, F. M. Bojin, D. Li, J. Hamanishi, H. Heslop, Jacek Roliński, M. Shimizu, J. Wang, T. Hirano, H. Sumimoto, R. B. Sørensen, G. M. Woods, N. Borojevic, S. Stevanovic, M. K. Zaman, Z. Fu, E. Morris, A. Al-Khami, M. Kverka, W. Shi-jie, A. Yano, M. Gewartowska, H. Okuyama, S. Kale, J. P. Vannier, F. Ciuculescu, K. Loser, Z. Zhang, U. Joimel, F. M. Maas, C. Lemetre, A. H. M. Taminiau, J. Tavakkol Afshari, M. Sang, M. Cristea, D. Tobi, M. Motamedi, X. Zhao, Y. Hisa, J. P. Abastado, S. I. Lin, L. Cao, Y. Yoshioka, M. Isobe, M. Murakami, H. Hisha, V. Younesi, N. Krug, M. Ahmadzadeh, E. Saka, Z. Zhan, C. Bunu, A. Monroy-García, S. Wu, Y. Ohue, B. Matharoo-Ball, A. Emami, R. Bos, F. Shokri, W. Xing, T. Suda, O. V. Lebedinskaya, J. Ishizaki, T. Ramadan, G. Brown, S. Mori, A. Rezaei, H. Haro, R. Xia, T. Tsunoda, Y. Narita, Y. Jin, A. Biragyn, H. Irjala, P. C. W. Hogendoorn, J. Betka, C. Kudo-Saito, S. Xiaobai, Y. Sung, M. Moscicka-Wesolowska, T. Baba, A. Saad, W. Lee, A. A. Pourfathollah, G. R. Hill, A. Davari sadat, M. Hattori, J. Nisanov, S. Santos, L. Chen, P. Vosough, J. Zhang, T. Martins da Palma, T. M. de Witte, Z. M. Hassan, A. Kreiss, Y. Saitou, L. Zhang, S. R. McColl, T. Hudcovic, J. Yeh, M. Oft, L. Jianing, L. Han, K. Kitaoka, O. Moaven, X. Liu, X. Ren, C. A. Taher, H. Kitamura, A. Tanaka, Y. Ikuta, N. Ardaiz, S. Arab, J. Fioravanti, Agnieszka Bojarska-Junak, S. Rezaie, H. Tlaskalova Hogenova, A. Takahashi, C. Soria, W. Zibing, T. Wan, J. Kang, U. Gyllensten, A. Swanson, L. Ong, X. Jiang, M. M. Amiri, M. Ahmadi, S. Fan, C. A. Tatu, D. Berghuis, T. Abdolahi, J. Guosheng, A. Nardin, H. Asgarian-Omran, B. Vafadar-Isfahani, M. Salmi, S. Smola, R. Saeedi, R. Imamura, M. Jolicoeur, S. Liu, L. Yang, P. Wang, L. L. Pritchard, Z. Li, B. Damdinsuren, X. Lu, M. Lee, T. Nakagawa, J. Liu, B. Chiang, G. Tanasie, M. Kano, S. Ngiow, M. Nooridaloii, M. Antsiferova, K. Harada, S. Eikawa, M. Eisenring, F. Neumann, J. R. Wunderlich, K. Yoshimoto, K. Abiko, T. Otsuki, M. Jafarzadeh, Y. F. Liao, E. Blot, Y. Nagai, G. De Crescenzo, M. Yekaninejad, Y. Noguchi, M. Nagarkatti, P. B. Olkhanud, M. Inic, C. Prakash, C. Tatu, S. Ono, A. Lindbloom, F. Marttila-Ichihara, R. Abe, T. Okamoto, and K. Yanaba

Subjects
Immunosurveillance, business.industry, Immunology, Cancer research, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, General Medicine, Tumor immunity, business
Published
2010

37. Construction of Superconducting Magnet System for the J-PARC Neutrino Beam Line

Author

J. P. Charrier, N Hastings, T. Nakadaira, T. Boussuge, Takayuki Tomaru, Joseph Muratore, Y Okada, Michael Anerella, M. Iida, Takashi Kobayashi, Ken-ichi Sasaki, Ken Sakashita, Takahiro Okamura, Ramesh Gupta, Tadayuki Takahashi, Y. Fujii, S. Y. Suzuki, Yasuhiro Makida, S. Sugawara, Tatsushi Nakamoto, P. Wanderer, A. Jain, Hirokatsu Ohhata, G. Ganetis, M. Nagami, T. Minato, T Ichihara, Kazuhiro Tanaka, J. Escallier, Nobuhiro Kimura, A Itou, O. Araoka, Yasuo Ajima, Brett Parker, Akio Terashima, A. K. Ichikawa, H. Kakuno, Toru Ogitsu, T. Ishii, Akira Yamamoto, M Arakawa, Norio Higashi, and T. Kumaki

Subjects
Superconductivity, Physics, Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nuclear physics, Beamline, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Magnet, Physics::Accelerator Physics, J-PARC, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Neutrino, Beam (structure), Line (formation)
Abstract

Following success of a prototype R&D, construction of a superconducting magnet system for J-PARC neutrino beam line has been carried out since 2005. A new conceptual beam line with the superconducting combined function magnets demonstrated the successful beam transport to the neutrino production target.

Published
2010

38. Test Results of Superconducting Magnets for the J-PARC Neutrino Beam Line

Author

T. Suzuki, Akio Terashima, Kenichi Tanaka, Toru Ogitsu, O. Araoka, Takahiro Okamura, Norio Higashi, Akira Yamamoto, Yasuo Ajima, Nobuhiro Kimura, M. Iida, Ken-ichi Sasaki, Takayuki Tomaru, S. Y. Suzuki, Katsuyu Kasami, Yasuhiro Makida, Hirokatsu Ohhata, Tatsushi Nakamoto, and S. Sugawara

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, Field (physics), chemistry.chemical_element, Particle accelerator, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Nuclear physics, chemistry, law, Magnet, J-PARC, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Neutrino, Helium
Abstract

Fabrication and cold tests of 32 superconducting combined function magnets including 4 backup magnets for the J-PARC neutrino have been completed. All the magnets reached 7700 A, 105% of maximum operation current, without any spontaneous quenches. Quench protection performance was also confirmed to be safe. In the field measurement during cold tests, all the magnets showed sufficient field quality to fulfill the specification. Reproducibility of the field quality was evaluated to be about the same order of that observed in ordinary cos-thetas magnets, indicating good manufacturing reproducibility.

Published
2009

39. Dispersion of Pt/Ru catalyst onto arc-soot and its performance evaluation as DMFC electrode

Author

S. Oke, K. Higashi, K. Shinohara, Y. Izumi, H. Takikawa, T. Sakakibara, S. Itoh, T. Yamaura, G. Xu, K. Miura, K. Yoshikawa, S. Sugawara, T. Okawa, and N. Aoyagi

Subjects
Number density, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, General Chemistry, medicine.disease_cause, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Soot, Catalysis, Electric arc, Direct methanol fuel cell, Electrode, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Graphite, Power density
Abstract

The arc-soot (AS) nano-carbon was synthesized by using arc discharge apparatuses which were the conventional arc apparatus and the new twin-torch-arc apparatus. AS synthesized with the conventional arc apparatus contained cocoon-like carbon nano-horn (CNH), dahlia-like CNH, and graphite ball. On the other hand, AS which was synthesized using the new twin-torch-arc apparatus contained mainly cocoon-like CNH and dahlia-like CNH, and contained a little graphite ball. The quality of dispersion was characterized and evaluated by the index of dispersion which was based on a diameter and a number density of catalyst particles. The electrocatalystic activity of the Pt/Ru catalysts was evaluated by the methanol-impregnated paper burning method. If the index of dispersion of the AS was high, then the AS burned violently. In the dispersion process, the optimum dispersion temperature obtained was 150 °C. Some MEAs of DMFC cell consisted of each Pt/Ru–AS catalyst which had different characteristics. It was observed that the power density increased with the index of dispersion. It was suggested that the power density of DMFC increased by 500% with a 350% increase in the index of dispersion. Pt/Ru–AS catalyst used AS, which was synthesized using the new twin-torch-arc apparatus, was better than Pt/Ru–AS catalysts using AS which were synthesized with the conventional arc apparatus to apply for the catalyst of DMFC.

Published
2008

40. Magnetic Field Measurement System in Superconducting Combined Function Magnets for the J-PARC Neutrino Beam Line

Author

S. Sugawara, Hirokatsu Ohhata, Takayuki Tomaru, Akira Yamamoto, K. Sasaki, O. Araoka, Nobuhiro Kimura, Yasuhiro Makida, Yasuo Ajima, Tatsushi Nakamoto, Kazuhide Tanaka, Norio Higashi, Takahiro Okamura, M. Iida, Toru Ogitsu, and Katsuyu Kasami

Subjects
Cryostat, Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field, Nuclear physics, Dipole, Optics, Magnet, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Magnetic dipole, Beam (structure), Position sensor
Abstract

Magnetic field measurements have been performed for the first full-scale magnet system assembled with the cryostat for the J-PARC proton beam line of neutrino experiment. In the measurement system, the probe position with respect to magnet central axis is measured by a Helium Neon laser and a position sensitive detector, PSD, in order to obtain an exact dipole field strength. Errors associated with the PSD misalignment and influences on the PSD signals by the magnetic field were evaluated. The measured dipole components approached to the design values by compensating those with the probe position. The latest beam simulation indicated that the measured values of magnetic field were good enough for the primary proton beam transport.

Published
2008

41. Test Results of Superconducting Combined Function Magnets for the J-PARC Neutrino Beam Line

Author

M. Iida, Hirokatsu Ohhata, Ken-ichi Sasaki, Akio Terashima, Toru Ogitsu, Yasuhiro Makida, O. Araoka, Tatsushi Nakamoto, T.. Ichihara, S. Sugawara, Yasuo Ajima, Katsuyu Kasami, Norio Higashi, Kenichi Tanaka, Takayuki Tomaru, T. Minato, Y Okada, Tetsuhiro Obana, Nobuhiro Kimura, Takahiro Okamura, and Akira Yamamoto

Subjects
Physics, Cryostat, Particle accelerator, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Magnet, J-PARC, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, Excitation
Abstract

Superconducting combined function magnets for the J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) neutrino experiment have been successfully developed at High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, KEK. The first prototype magnet reassembled for the quench protection studies, and the cold test result indicated that the eight quench protection heaters are effective for the safe protection of the magnet. Three production magnets have been fabricated and tested at 4.5 K, 1 atm, in a vertical cryostat, and the excellent excitation and quench performances are observed. In the field measurement during cold tests, all the magnets indicated the field qualities good enough to fulfill the specification. The field measurement at room temperature has been also performed with the three production magnets for checking the dipole field component. The results are consistent with the computation.

Published
2007

42. Performance Tests of Superconducting Combined Function Magnets in the First Full-Scale Prototype Cryostat for the J-PARC Neutrino Beam Line

Author

Kazuhide Tanaka, A. Terashima, Y Okada, Hirokatsu Ohhata, T. Minato, Norio Higashi, M. Iida, Takahiro Okamura, T.. Ichihara, S. Sugawara, Katsuyu Kasami, Yasuhiro Makida, O. Araoka, Tatsushi Nakamoto, Yasuo Ajima, Toru Ogitsu, K. Sasaki, Nobuhiro Kimura, Takayuki Tomaru, and Akira Yamamoto

Subjects
Cryostat, Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Liquid helium, chemistry.chemical_element, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Beamline, law, Magnet, Physics::Accelerator Physics, J-PARC, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Helium, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The first full-scale prototype magnet system assembled with the cryostat for the J-PARC proton beam line of neutrino experiment was successfully developed and tested. Two superconducting combined function magnets have been installed into the cryostat. The magnets were successfully cooled down to 4.5 K by forced flow supercritical helium and excited up to the current of 7345 A which is the nominal current of 50 GeV proton beam. The spot heater quench test showed that the quench characteristics in the supercritical helium were very similar to that in the liquid helium at 4.2 K, 1 atm. The quench protection scheme with both cold diodes and quench protection heaters was tested, and it has been verified that the magnet can be protected with safe margin.

Published
2007

43. Inter-comparison of stratospheric mean-meridional circulation and eddy mixing among six reanalysis datasets

Author

K. Miyazaki, T. Iwasaki, Y. Kawatani, C. Kobayashi, S. Sugawara, and M. Hegglin

Abstract

The stratospheric mean-meridional circulation (MMC) and eddy mixing are compared among six meteorological reanalysis datasets: NCEP-NCAR, NCEP-CFSR, ERA-40, ERA-Interim, JRA-25, and JRA-55 for the period 1979–2012. The reanalysis datasets produced using advanced systems (i.e., NCEP-CFSR, ERA-Interim, and JRA-55) generally reveal a weaker MMC and stronger eddy mixing in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) compared with those produced using older systems (i.e., NCEP/NCAR, ERA-40, and JRA-25). In the NH lower stratosphere, the stronger eddy mixing is attributed to stronger planetary-scale mixing in the new datasets, whereas small-scale mixing is weaker in the new datasets. Conventional data assimilation techniques introduce analysis increments without maintaining physical balance, which may have caused an overly strong MMC and spurious small-scale eddies in the old datasets. At the NH mid-latitudes, only ERA-Interim reveals a weakening MMC trend in the deep branch of the Brewer–Dobson Circulation (BDC). The relative importance of the eddy mixing compared with the mean transport in the subtropical lower stratosphere is considered to be important in controlling mean Age-of-Air (AoA) variations above, which showed increasing trends in ERA-Interim and JRA-55; this together with the weakened MMC in the deep branch may imply an increasing AoA trend in the NH middle stratosphere in ERA-Interim. Overall, discrepancies between the different variables and trends therein as derived from the different reanalyses are still relatively large, suggesting that more investments into these products are needed in order to obtain a consolidated picture of observed changes in the BDC and the mechanisms that drive them.

Published
2015

44. Oral CD103

Author

Y, Tanaka, H, Nagashima, K, Bando, L, Lu, A, Ozaki, Y, Morita, S, Fukumoto, N, Ishii, and S, Sugawara

Subjects
Antigen Presentation, Sublingual Immunotherapy, CD11b Antigen, Ovalbumin, Cell Differentiation, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Mice, Transgenic, Dendritic Cells, Lymphocyte Activation, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Antigens, CD, Hypersensitivity, Animals, Humans, Lymph Nodes, Antigens, Integrin alpha Chains, Cells, Cultured
Abstract

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is a safe and efficient treatment for type 1 allergies; however, the underlying immunological mechanisms, particularly the phenotype of oral antigen-presenting cells (APCs) responsible for the induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells, remain unclear. We show here that the sublingual application of ovalbumin (OVA) induced antigen-specific Foxp3

Published
2015

46. Epitactic growth of a decagonal phase in an Al–Ni–Co alloy film deposited on a (0001) sapphire substrate

Author

S. Sugawara, K. Ichioka, and K. Saito

Subjects
Diffraction, Materials science, Alloy, Substrate (electronics), engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Epitaxy, Crystallography, Electron diffraction, Vacuum deposition, engineering, Sapphire, Composite material, Thin film
Abstract

Thin films of Al–Ni–Co alloy with an average thickness of 15 nm were produced by means of conventional vacuum deposition technique on (0001) sapphire substrates heated at various test temperatures. The microstructures and textures of the films obtained were thoroughly investigated by atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron diffraction and imaging techniques. The diffraction measurements have evidenced that the vacuum deposition of Al72Ni15Co13 alloy on the substrates heated above 400°C allows a homogeneous poly-quasicrystalline film, consisting of the Ni-rich basic decagonal phase to grow. It has been further indicated by in-plane XRD analysis that the film deposited at 550°C contains a considerable amount of the decagonal grains epitaxially grown on the sapphire substrate. Possible epitaxial relations occurring between the deposit and the substrate will be detailed on the basis of results obtained from electron diffraction measurements.

Published
2005

47. The MQXA quadrupoles for the LHC low-beta insertions

Author

Tatsushi Nakamoto, Norihito Ohuchi, T. Shintomi, T. Taylor, M. Iida, Hirokatsu Ohhata, Yasuo Ajima, S. Sugawara, Nobuhiro Kimura, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Norio Higashi, Akio Terashima, Toru Ogitsu, Akira Yamamoto, K. Sugita, and Kiyosumi Tsuchiya

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Electromagnet, Superconducting magnet, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Electromagnetic coil, Dipole magnet, Magnet, Quadrupole, Quadrupole magnet, Instrumentation
Abstract

High-performance superconducting quadrupole magnets, MQXA, for the LHC low-beta insertions have been designed, manufactured in series and tested. The design field gradient of the quadrupole, which has a coil aperture of diameter 70 mm, was 240 T/m at 1.9 K; its effective length is 6.37 m, and it is required to operate reliably at up to 215 T/m when subjected to radiation heat deposit in the coils of up to 5 W/m. The series of 20 magnets has been produced in industry, and tested at KEK. The magnet design is explained, and the construction and performance of the series units, in terms of training, field quality and geometry, are presented.

Published
2005

48. TEM observations of Al72Ni12Co16 decagonal quasicrystal subjected to high-temperature indentation

Author

Y. Arakaki, An Pang Tsai, S. Sugawara, K Saito, J.Q. Guo, and R. Shindo

Subjects
Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Mechanical Engineering, Quasicrystal, Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, Electron diffraction, Deformation mechanism, Mechanics of Materials, Transmission electron microscopy, Indentation, Vickers hardness test, General Materials Science, Grain boundary, Dislocation
Abstract

The effect of high-temperature indentation testing on the microstructural change of a single-grained Al 72 Ni 12 Co 16 decagonal quasicrystal ( d -QC) has been investigated by transmission electron diffraction and microscopy (TEM) technique. A definite surface normal to the 10-fold axis of the d -QC was subjected to Vickers indentation test at an elevated temperature of 800 °C with a load of 1 kgf. The TEM investigation of this sample has evidently shown that there are specific types of defects densely distributed in the indented-region, such as grain-boundaries, dislocations and phason-related defects. Furthermore, high-resolution electron microscopy observations have revealed the widespread distribution of nanocrystalline domains in the indented-region, where groups of decagonal atom clusters have a periodic arrangement to form a rhombic lattice. On the basis of these observations, possible deformation mechanisms of the d -QC during high-temperature indentation will be discussed.

Published
2005

49. Production and Measurement of the MQXA Series of LHC Low-<tex>$beta$</tex>Insertion Quadrupoles

Author

M. Iida, K. Ohhata, Norihito Ohuchi, S. Sugawara, Nobuhiro Kimura, Akira Yamamoto, T. Fujii, Tatsushi Nakamoto, E. Hashiguchi, Kazuhide Tanaka, A. Terashima, T. Shintomi, Toru Ogitsu, S. Murai, K. Sugita, W. Odajima, T. Orikasa, T. Kanahara, Yasuo Ajima, Kiyosumi Tsuchiya, and Norio Higashi

Subjects
Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Field (physics), Aperture, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nuclear physics, Electromagnetic coil, Beta (plasma physics), Magnet, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Quadrupole magnet
Abstract

The inner triplet quadrupole magnets (MQXA) for the LHC low-beta insertion have been developed. The quadrupoles provide a field gradient of 215 T/m at 1.9 K in a coil aperture of 70 mm diameter and with an effective magnetic length of 6.37 m. The series of 20 magnets have been produced in industry, and full testing has been done at KEK. We present an overview of the production and the results from mechanical and magnetic measurements.

Published
2005

50. Silicon microoptical mirrors to make close parallel beams with conventional laser diodes

Author

K. Mori, T. Mori, S. Sugawara, S. Satoh, and K. Adachi

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, Optics, Reflection (mathematics), chemistry, law, Etching (microfabrication), Surface roughness, Prism, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Diode
Abstract

We have fabricated two kinds of silicon microoptical mirrors to make optical axes of two high-power laser diodes close at an interval of 100 /spl mu/m, utilizing anisotropic etching of silicon with the self-alignment mask. One of them is a microrectangular prism mirror (MRPM). It has two orthogonal reflection mirrors, composed of polished [110] and anisotropically etched (111) planes of silicon. The other is a micro two-reflection mirror (MTRM). It has two pairs of two reflectors facing each other in parallel. The use of MTRM made the mounting process easier than that of MRPM. The use of the self-alignment mask made mirror surface smoother and it has been confirmed that full widths at half maximum (FWHM) are almost the same with and without reflections by MRPM or MTRM, respectively. It has also been shown that the etched (111) plane has the etching-condition dependence of surface roughness.

Published
2005

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