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Background and Objectives: Sevoflurane and desflurane virtually equally dissolve in blood gases, yet current research suggests that desflurane helps in a quick return of airway reflex than sevoflurane however the return of cognitive activity fluctuates greatly. In order to compare the lengths of time required to recover after sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia, the current research was conducted. Materials and Methods: Current study was randomized that included 100 subjects who were posted for cholecystectomy (elective). Only adult and non-obese subjects were included in the study. The intended anesthetic agents sevoflurane and desflurane were utilized in the study and all the protocols were followed for the surgery. After the end of the surgery, tests for regaining cognitive function and airway reflexes were carried out, and different time intervals were recorded. The values were recorded and compared for the variances while considering the P < 0.05 as significant. Results: The mean T1 was 8.19 ± 3.28 min for sevoflurane and was 5.82 ± 4.02 min. There was no significant variance between the two agents for the T1, 2 (P = 0.013 and 0.110 respectively). After the inhalation anesthetics ceased at T1, desflurane patients responded to verbal commands more quickly than sevoflurane patients (5.824.02 vs. 8.193.28 min). The SOMCT and swallowing test were similarly completed more quickly by desflurane-treated patients than by sevoflurane-treated patients (T3VST4) (13.693.37 vs. 10.024.86 min, P = 0.008 and (14.094.30 vs. 9.824.50 min, P 0.001, respectively). For the T3, 4-time intervals, there was a significant difference between the sevoflurane and desflurane groups. Conclusion: Desflurane causes patients to recover more quickly from laparoscopic cholecystectomy under controlled circumstances than sevoflurane does.

Introduction: The most common muscle injury in sports is the hamstring muscle. It needs long rehabilitation and has a great possibility of recurrence as it has a great tendency to shorten. Stretching is the treatment used to improve muscular flexibility, thereby increasing range of motion, and the study prevents sports injuries and athletic performance. Aim of Study: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of muscle energy technique (MET) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretch technique on the flexibility of the hamstring among recreational athletes. Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy recreational athletes were divided into two groups MET and PNF for 4 weeks – 5 sessions/week. Outcome Measures: The Modified Back Saver's Sit and Reach Test was the outcome measure. Statistical Tool: The Student t-test was used for statistical analysis. Conclusion: There was a significant difference seen in the PNF stretch technique and hamstring flexibility with the use of the MET.

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway. In susceptible individuals, this inflammation causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing. Various physiotherapy techniques help in the reduction of symptoms associated with asthma which includes deep breathing exercises and relaxation postures. Progressive relaxation technique (PRT) is useful in reducing the respiratory symptoms and stress in asthma. Yoga techniques have shown clinically relevant improvements in their quality of life and effective reduction in the frequency of attacks and degree of stress. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the effect of PRT and yoga in patients with stress-induced asthma (SIA) so that better treatment program can be adopted in the reduction of symptoms in participants with SIA. Methodology: Thirty participants with asthma were recruited for the study and were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 15) was treated with PRT and Group B (n = 15) was treated with yoga technique for a duration of 3 months. Outcome Measures: Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQOL) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) were used. Results: Group B (yoga group) showed a significant difference, P < 0.05 in the mean values of DASS and AQOL when compared to Group A (P > 0.05). Postyoga intervention, the patients with SIA demonstrated decrease in the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, and increased quality of life. Conclusion: Three-month duration of yoga is more effective than PRT in patients with SIA in reducing asthmatic symptoms and improving quality of life.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative condition of the joint. Current physiotherapy interventions for OA focus on pain reduction, improve knee range of motion, and muscle strength. OA of knee impairs quadriceps function which affects balance and gait reducing patient's mobility and function. Therefore, there is a need to find out the effect of combined proprioceptive exercises with conventional physiotherapy in Patient with knee osteoarthritis (PKOA). Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of combined proprioceptive exercises and conventional physiotherapy in PKOA. Methods: A total of 40 female POAK were recruited for the study and were divided into two groups as follows: Group A (conventional group) and Group B (experimental group). Group B in addition to the conventional treatment received proprioceptive exercises. Both the groups were instructed to perform exercises for 5 days in a week for 3 months. Visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score were noted pre- and post-intervention. Results: On comparing the mean values of Group A and Group B on VAS and WOMAC scores, both the groups showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the posttest mean, but Group B (experimental group) was more effective than Group A (conventional group). Conclusion: The present study concluded that 3 months duration of combining proprioceptive exercises with conventional physiotherapy is more effective than conventional physiotherapy alone in PKOA.

Introduction: The postural adaptation is very common now a days in school going children, office desk oriented job, computer users and frequent mobile users, and in all major industrial workers. Several studies have documented a high incidence of postural abnormalities in a given population; however, methods of postural measurement were poorly defined. The implication of postural pro software to analyse the postural imbalance of upper body dysfunction is very rare and literature studies says that the kinematic changes in particular segment will produce pain/discomfort and thereby lesser productivity of subjects. Aim: To evaluate the postural changes in subjects with upper body dysfunction after a corrective exercise strategy using postural analysis software and pectoralis minor muscle length testing. Materials and Methods: After explaining the procedure and benefits, informed consent was taken from the participating subjects (age 25-55 years). Subjects with upper body dysfunction were randomly allocated into two groups (each group 30 subjects). The Group–A received the corrective exercise strategy and Group-B received the conventional exercise for eight weeks of study duration (15 reps each exercise, total duration of 40 min; four days/week. Pre and Post posture analysis were analysed using posture pro software along with flexibility of pectoralis minor was assessed using ruler scale method. Results: After interpretation of data, both the group showed the postural alteration and pectoralis minor muscle length changes, p-value (p

Herpes zoster is a localized, generally painful cutaneous eruption that occurs most frequently among older adults and immunocompromized persons. It is caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) Approximately one in three persons will develop zoster during their lifetime. A common complication of zoster is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a chronic, often debilitating pain condition that can last months or even years. The risk for PHN in patients with zoster is 10 to 18%. Approximately 3% of patients with zoster are hospitalized. Death attributable to zoster are common among immunocompromized persons. Prompt treatment with the oral antiviral agents, corticosteroids and analgesics decreases the severity and duration of acute pain from zoster. This article reviews herpes zoster and reports one such case, which was treated successfully without any complications.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive, real time diagnostic modality that enables detection of oral lesions at an early, relatively harmless stage with improved resolution. OCT gives quantitative and qualitative information of hard and soft tissue by providing a cross-sectional ′optical biopsy′ of tissue up to 3 mm in depth from the surface. In the present scenario, OCT has emerged as one of the forefront imaging modality because of the wide variety of information and the three dimensional (3D) data it can provide. This article focuses on the basic sciences of OCT with its potential dental applications

Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the occlusal status of teenage patients and to determine the possible association of gender with the type of malocclusion. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of 410 patients. Patients who did not fulfil the inclusion criteria for the study were excluded, thus the final sample accounted for 318. The selected subjects were interviewed by trained examiners and underwent thorough clinical evaluation pertaining to orthodontic diagnosis. Statistical analysis: The Pearson′s Chi-square test was done to assess the statistical significance between males and females while taking p-values of less than 0.001 as statistically significant. Results: Among the 318 samples, 166 (52.2%) of them were females and 152 (47.8%) were males. Angle′s class I molar relation was common (69.2%) followed by normal molar relation (10.1%), class III and its subdivision and class II and its subdivision were found common among males and females respectively. In regard to canine relationship, majority of them were class I followed by class II and III- Normal overjet and overbite was observed in 53.5% of the cases and there was higher incidence of increased overjet and overbite in females and reverse overjet in males Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion noted in the present study was 89-9% and it was more common in females. Class I canine relationship 96.9% was the most common one followed by class I molar relation (69.2%). Angle class II division 2; canine class III relationship and scissors bite were the least common (0.6%) occlusal alterations.

Cherubism is a non-neoplastic, rare, hereditary childhood disease of bone characterized by bilateral enlargement of the jaws caused by bone degradation and replacement by fibrous tissue. The affected child is reminiscent of the cherub portrayed in Renaissance art. We report the clinicopathological and radiographic features of cherubism and review of literature.

Osteochondroma, also known as osteocartilaginous exostosis, is a benign cartilage capped outgrowth attached to the underlying skeleton by a short stalk. Osteochondroma is frequently seen in the axial skeleton but rarely occurs in the craniofacial skeleton. We report a case of osteochondroma arising from the right mandibular condyle.

Maxillary sinus harbours many pathological lesions. Many of those presents as a sinonasal mass and are rarely symptomatic. These masses are usually an antral polyp, mucoceles or mucous retention cysts. Odontogenic keratocyst, a benign odontogenic lesion presenting within the maxillary sinus is a rare entity. We present a case of odontogenic keratocyst of the maxillary sinus in a 35 years old female.

Rhinoliths are calcareous concretions around calcinated intranasal foreign bodies within the nasal cavity. They are commonly seen in the anterior part of the nasal cavity and are diagnosed based on history and presenting illness. Developing lesions are usually asymptomatic and can be a supplementary finding during routine radiography. We report a case of rhinolith, found incidentally in a dental radiograph.

Growing mangoes is an important part of life in southern India and a major economic driver for the area. Nevertheless, several leaf diseases often impede mango tree development and production, substantially affecting harvest output and quality. Detecting and identifying mango leaf diseases early can be challenging due to the diverse crop varieties, climatic circumstances, and numerous disease signs. While deep-learning methods have been developed to address this problem, they generally need help to detect illnesses across geographies and crop types. To tackle this difficulty, this research offers a transfer learning model that uses Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) characteristics to identify and categorize leaf diseases. This research proposes MLTNet (Mango Leaf Disease Classification with Transfer Learning, Feature Localization, and Visual Explanations) in this study. Our study utilized a dataset from Southern India comprising 1,275 high-quality images of mango leaves affected by diseases like rust and powdery mildew, augmented to 11,480 images across 14 classes to enhance model training and robustness. This novel model utilizes Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques such that leaf disease detection and categorization may achieve higher levels of accuracy. The research work lies in the development of the MLTNet model, which integrates Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques with the ResNet50 architecture to enhance classification accuracy in mango leaf disease detection. This model uniquely employs advanced data pre-processing methods like Error Level Analysis and incorporates Grad-CAM for feature localization and visual explanations. We compared MLTNet's performance with state-of-the-art models like ResNet-50, VGG-16, and InceptionV3, focusing on accuracy, interpretability, and computational efficiency. MLTNet demonstrated superior performance, achieving a training accuracy of 94.3% and a test accuracy of 86.3%, which notably surpasses other models under similar conditions. This success is attributed to the model's ability to leverage complex features from the augmented dataset and the added interpretability provided by XAI techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aigialomycin D, a 14-membered benzannulated macrolactone, was synthesized in a simple, efficient and stereoselective approach using inexpensive and commonly accessible starting materials. The main steps in this convergent synthesis are Corey-Fuchs reaction, Yamaguchi esterification and ring closing metathesis (RCM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study sought to determine the influence of strontium addition on the microstructure and machinability of the A357 alloy. Furthermore, the influence of cutting parameters and aging temperatures on the machining performance of the modified alloy was investigated using a statistical technique. The machinability characteristics were investigated by milling experiments with a carbide tool. Experimental trials were carried out using Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array. Process parameters studied were strontium (Sr) percentage, aging temperature, cutting speed, and feed rate. Cutting force, surface roughness, and tool wear were investigated as responses. The microstructure of the specimens revealed that the addition of Sr to the A357 alloy helped to achieve refined grain structure. Furthermore, increasing the Sr concentration from 4 to 8% resulted in the enhanced refined microstructure. ANOVA analysis of responses revealed that Sr%, aging temperature, and feed rate have a significant effect on all the responses considered. However, cutting speed has exhibited the least influence. Further, the increase in Sr% resulted in an increase in cutting force and tool wear. Whereas, a decrease in surface roughness was observed due to increased Sr%. Whereas the increase of aging temperature, cutting temperature, and feed rate has resulted in the increase of response values. The aging temperature has shown significant influence on the variation of cutting force and surface roughness.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]