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The present research work was conducted to study the prevalence of NTS (Non-typhoidal Salmonella) in desi chicken farms in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu state, India. For the study, fresh faecal samples were collected from 30 desi chicken farms located in Namakkal district. The samples were subjected to cultural examination for isolation and identification of Non-typhoidal Salmonella. The samples found to be positive in cultural isolation were subjected to molecular screening by PCR for confirmation. In the present study, out of 30 farms investigated, samples from seven farms were found to be positive for Non-typhoidal Salmonella and all the positive samples were confirmed to be S. typhimurium. The study indicates that small scale poultry production with desi chicken is also becoming source of NTS infection in human beings apart from organized commercial poultry sector. Creating awareness on prevalence of NTS in desi chicken and giving trainings to meat handlers and butchers regarding hygienic slaughter and food safety will minimize contamination of desi chicken meat with non-typhoidal Salmonella.

Rationale Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a pathological process that causes progressive stenosis and cerebral hypoperfusion, leading to stroke occurrence and recurrence around the world. The exact duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for ICAD is unclear in view of long-term risk of bleeding complications.Aim The current study aims to study the efficacy and safety of long-term DAPT (up to 12 months) in patients with ICAD.Sample size Using 80% power and an alpha error of 5 %, presuming a 10%–15% drop-out rate, a total of 2200 patients will be recruited for the study.Methodology This is a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.Study outcomes The primary outcomes include recurrent ischaemic stroke (IS) or transient ischaemic attack and any intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), major or minor systemic bleeding at the end of 12 months. Secondary outcomes include composite of any stroke, myocardial infarction or death at the end of 12 months. The safety outcomes include any ICH, major or minor bleeding as defined using GUSTO (Global Use of Streptokinase and tPA for occluded Coronary Arteries) classification at the end of 12 months and 1 month after completion of the drug treatment phase.Discussion The study will provide level I evidence on the duration of DAPT among patients with IS due to ICAD of more than or equal to 50%.

INTRODUCTION: To be purposeful beyond the return consideration by the way of giving importance to environment, society and governance of company through investing in companies that give priority to aforementioned factors by investors and their perception towards ESG is the crux of this research paper. For this several factors that measures the environment, social and governance are itemized and considered as the dependent variable. OBJECTIVES: To know whether the influences of the three risk-acceptance levels on environment, social and governance factors were different based on selected demographic variables METHODS: Some of the key demographic variables like Age range, Annual income and Employment status are taken as independent variables with another key variable the tolerance towards risk of the investors. The individual and interactive effect of the demographic variable along with the key variable (risk tolerance) in manipulating the effects over the dependent variables (ESG) in the key concept of discussion in this research. The research was conducted through a structured questionnaire among the investors in Chennai region of Tamilnadu (India). Data was analyzed through SPSS and the tool used to explain the purpose of the research was MANOVA. RESULTS: All the three demographic variables considered in the research had a significant influence over the risk tolerance of the investors in manipulating the considerations over the ESG factors. CONCLUSION: All the three demographic variables considered in the research had a significant influence over the risk tolerance of the investors in manipulating the considerations over the ESG factors.

Electronic packages are employed in diverse industries, including automotive, aerospace, and defense. However, their susceptibility to failure arises from exposure to uncontrolled operating conditions, particularly vibrations.Therefore, an investigation has been conducted to explore the effect of vibration in fatigue life of SAC305 lead free solder material employed in Printed Circuit Board (PCB) assembly with ball grid array (BGA) 144 electronic package. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of a printed circuit board with BGA 144 electronic package was conducted to find their dynamic characterisics like natural frequencies and their mode shapes. Experiments were conducted to validate the numerically developed model, where first, second and third modes shapes from FEA and experimental results were compared. In addition, random vibration analysis was performed using numerical simulation where individual solder balls were analysed for stress distribution and experimentswere conducted on specially fabricated PCBs using electro dynamic shaker for validation. Analysis shows that the failure was prominent at the solder balls located at the corner of the package. Further, Minor’s rule was used to estimate the fatigue life of the Pb free solder material in BGA 144 package.

The innovative elevated step-up gain DC-DC converter with switched capacitor and regenerative Boost configuration is a pivotal advancement in solar photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion. With a focus on enhancing solar PV applications, this converter efficiently elevates the low-voltage DC output of solar panels, addressing the challenge of low-voltage outputs inherent in solar panels. This breakthrough technology facilitates energy storage, off-grid power supply, and grid integration, contributing to a sustainable solution for optimizing solar power consumption. The converter's regenerative qualities promise to revolutionize solar PV applications, increasing sustainability and efficiency. Its main feature, a significant increase in step-up gain, ensures the effective conversion of low-voltage DC output from solar panels to higher levels, crucial for diverse applications in solar PV systems. This transformative technology plays a vital role in creating a more environmentally and energy-resilient world.

Background: Tobacco is a major health burden and an effort has been made to help users to quit tobacco by establishing a tobacco cessation centre in our Institution. A knowledge on the extent of distribution of tobacco use across the various sub-groups of the users would provide clues to behavioural patterns. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of tobacco users and to provide a baseline data about the attendees of the cessation centre. Materials and Methods: The data for the present descriptive evaluation were collected by reviewing of case records of participants enrolled from April 2014 to March 2015. Data on demographic characteristics, tobacco use details, substance use details and geographic profile were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data using number and percentage. Results: Of the 621 current tobacco users, 95.5% were of male gender. Most participants were married (79.4%), literates (84.9%) and were in the fourth decade of life. 78.1% were exclusive Smokers, 18.2% were exclusive Smokeless tobacco (SLT) users and 3.7% were dual form users. “Peer pressure” was the major reason for initiation of the habit. “Cigarette” was used by 65% of the Smokers and “Betel quid with tobacco” was used by 36.6% of the SLT users. 86.1 and 13.9% of the Puducherry residents were smokers and SLT users respectively. “Oral potentially malignant disorders” were noted in 8% of the users. Conclusion: The observations of the present evaluation provide a baseline data which may serve as a starting point for future epidemiological enquiry.

In recent years, online education has been given more and more attention with the widespread use of the internet. The teaching procedure divides space and makes time for online learning; though teachers cannot control the learners accurately, the state of education calculates learners' learning situation. This paper explains that the discourse analysis method is utilized to examine the online teaching behavior of teachers and student behavior like class attendance, how many are active in class, and learning behavior in online education. Also, discourse analysis will optimize and enhance the classification of the text understood according to their language. After pre-processing, feature extraction was done by utilizing Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency, and feature selection was calculated via utilizing chi-square examination for teacher discourse like learning behavior, languages understood by students, and language types. Moreover, the machine learning-based classification technique Support Vector Machine (SVM) is considered to analyze the teacher discourse in class automatically, and results are compared with existing techniques.

A 63-year-old African male with end stage renal disease who received a renal transplantation from his daughter after successful treatment of hepatitis C virus, type 1 genotype developed metastatic Kaposi′s sarcoma and subsequently adenocarcinoma of the prostate. He was successfully treated with chemotherapy and reduction of immunosuppression and switch over to rapamycin.

The current investigation was aimed at identifying the role of mesoporous wollastonite particles on the healing of rat tibial bone defect. The bone defect was created with a 3-mm-diameter dental drill, and it was filled with mesoporous wollastonite particles. After second and fourth weeks of filling treatments, it was found that mesoporous wollastonite particles promoted bone formation as evidenced by X-ray, histological, scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive spectra studies. X-ray study showed the closure of drill hole as seen by high-dense radio-opacity image. Histological analysis depicted the deposition of collagen in the bone defect area in response to mesoporous wollastonite particles’ treatment. Scanning electron microscope–energy-dispersive spectra analyses of the sectioned implants also identified the deposition of apatite by these particles. Thus, our results suggested that mesoporous wollastonite particles have bioactive properties, and they can be used as a suitable filling material for promotion of bone formation in vivo.

Opsoclonus Myoclonus (OMS) is a rare neurological disorder which appears to be the result of an autoimmune dysfunction. It is an extremely rare condition, affecting as few as 1 in 10,000,000 people every year. It affects 2 to 3% of children. Opsoclonus Myoclonus, which manifests itself as post infectious encephalopathy, occasionally along with HIV infection, post Streptococcal infection, West Nile virus encephalitis and Rickettsial infection, most often presents as a paraneoplastic syndrome, which is especially caused by occult neuroblastoma which is commonly seen in childhood and occurs in adults in relation to breast cancer and small cell lung cancer. In this study, two adult post infectious cases which had rare manifestations, have been presented. The cases were managed by using corticosteroids.

We report a case of a 21 years old female who presented with a history of anterior knee pain for previous 3 months. Pain was localized to the anteromedial aspect of the left knee and aggravated by flexion. Clinical examination revealed a 2x2 cm painful lump on the anteromedial aspect of the left medial condyle with no effusion. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an anterosuperior tear of the medial collateral ligament. The patient subsequently underwent left knee arthroscopic examination. Two yellowish pedunculated masses arising from the anteromedial portion of the synovium were discovered and completely excised. Histopathological examination of the excision biopsy revealed pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) with marked central necrosis. One year post excision, she is well with no signs or symptoms of recurrence. This case highlights an uncommon cause of anterior knee pain. Localized PVNS typically presents with mechanical symptoms, however, pain could arise from pedicle torsion and necrosis.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of permanent tooth loss among children and adults in a suburban area of Chennai. Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Study setting: The study was conducted in Tiruverkadu, a suburban area of Chennai. Materials and Methods: A house-to-house survey was done in Tiruverkadu. The study population consisted of 6, 12, 15 years children, 35-44 years, and 65-74 years adults. Type III dental examination was carried out. Cross tabulations and Chi-square statistics were computed. The level of significance was chosen as P

BackgroundVirological monitoring (VM) and drug resistance (DR) analysis are crucial for effective HIV management. Due to the high cost of commercial assays, VM and DR analysis is not performed in resource-limited-settings.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to develop a pooling based algorithm for the combined identification of virologic treatment failure (VTF) by nucleic acid testing (NAT) and DR by sequencing - NAT+DR assay.Study designWe enrolled 559 participants on first-line therapy and analyzed for VTF. The virologically suppressed participants were followed-up to see the VTF prevalence (>1000 copies/mL) and DR by the NAT+DR pooling. Each pool comprising 5 plasma samples were amplified by targeting reverse transcriptase gene, if found positive, the pool was deconvoluted and samples were individually tested for HIV RNA and DR. Assay characteristics of NAT+DR assay were calculated in comparison with commercial assay.ResultsOf 559 participants, 67 had VTF at baseline and were excluded. Of the remaining 478 participants, 325 returned for follow-up and NAT+DR assay was performed for them. Of 65 pools tested, 13 pools were positive. On deconvolution 14 individuals were found to have VTF. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 100%, relative efficiency was 59% and 87% & 85% cost was saved for identifying VTF and combined identification of VTF and DR, respectively.ConclusionsPooled NAT+DR assay is likely a good strategy to drastically reduce the cost and sustainability of the VM and can thereby facilitate the scale-up of successful HIV treatment programs, and reduce unnecessary switching to second-line drugs in resource-limited-settings.