21 results on '"S S M Ng"'
Search Results
2. Consensus-led recommendations defining practical principles of achieving optimal surgical outcomes in robotic colorectal surgery in the Asia–Pacific region
- Author
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A. C. Lynch, J. Ngu, S. S. M. Ng, S. Tsukamoto, A. Shiomi, X. Lai, J. Y. Wang, and T. Scoble
- Subjects
Health Informatics ,Surgery - Abstract
Recent innovations within the field of robotic surgery have particular relevance to colorectal surgery. Although a robotic approach has been associated with satisfactory outcomes, there remains a wide variation in levels of adoption. In particular, this study focuses on patient positioning, docking, and table placement, with the intent of understanding the strength of opinion of colorectal surgeons in the Asia–Pacific region to the practical application of these developments to achieve optimal surgical outcomes. Using a modified Delphi methodology, a steering group of colorectal surgeons with experience in robotic surgery from across the Asia–Pacific region identified 35 consensus statements. An online 4-point Likert scale questionnaire was distributed to surgeons in the Asia–Pacific region using convenience sampling. Respondents were excluded from further analysis if they did not perform colorectal surgery or had no experience in robotic surgery. A total of 140 responses (71.8% response rate) were received between August and October 2021. 22 statements attained a very high degree of agreement (≥ 90%). High agreement (
- Published
- 2022
3. Fast-track versus traditional perioperative care for laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a prospective randomised trial (abridged secondary publication)
- Author
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S S M, Ng, S K C, Chan, M H L, Ng, J F Y, Lee, and P B S, Lai
- Published
- 2021
4. Bilateral movement computer games to improve motor function of upper limb and quality of life in patients with sub-acute stroke: a randomised controlled trial: abridged secondary publication
- Author
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S S L, Lam, S S M, Ng, C W K, Lai, and J, Woo
- Published
- 2020
5. Reduced prostate cancer risk with green tea and epigallocatechin 3-gallate intake among Hong Kong Chinese men
- Author
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Lap Ah Tse, Z M Liu, Chi-Fai Ng, Samuel Y. S. Wong, M K Lee, Y H He, S S M Ng, Haidong Kan, Feng Wang, W M Ho, and Priscilla Ming Yi Lee
- Subjects
Male ,Risk ,0301 basic medicine ,PCA3 ,Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urology ,Administration, Oral ,Logistic regression ,complex mixtures ,Catechin ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Asian People ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Tea ,business.industry ,Absolute risk reduction ,Case-control study ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,food and beverages ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Case-Control Studies ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hong Kong ,Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) ,business - Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) in tea may have anti-carcinogenic effect on prostate cells, but this protective effect has less been examined in epidemiology studies. We aimed to investigate the association between prostate cancer (PCA) risk and habitual green tea intake among Chinese men in Hong Kong; meanwhile, the relationship with EGCG was also explored. We consecutively recruited 404 PCA cases and 395 controls from the same hospital who had complete data on habitual tea consumption, including green, oolong, black and pu’er tea. We reconstructed the level of EGCG intake according to a standard questionnaire and the analytic values for EGCG extracted from the literature published by Lin et al. in 2003. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for tea consumption and EGCG intake using unconditional multiple logistic regression, and examined their exposure–-response relationships with PCA risk. A total of 32 cases and 50 controls reported habitual green tea drinking, showing an adjusted OR of 0.60 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37, 0.98). A moderate excess risk was observed among the habitual pu’er tea drinkers (OR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.91). A significantly lower intake of EGCG was observed among cases (54.4 mg) than the controls (72.5 mg), which resulted in an inverse gradient of PCA risk with the increasing intake of EGCG (test for trend, P=0.015). PCA risk among Chinese men in Hong Kong was inversely associated with green tea consumption and EGCG intake, but these results need to be replicated in larger studies.
- Published
- 2017
6. microRNA-221 and microRNA-18a identification in stool as potential biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma
- Author
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C-M Tang, Jun Yu, S S M Ng, Chung Wah Wu, Tung On Yau, Yujuan Dong, Francis K.L. Chan, and Joseph J.Y. Sung
- Subjects
Oncology ,Male ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Colorectal cancer ,diagnosis ,colorectal cancer ,Biology ,Feces ,fluids and secretions ,Internal medicine ,microRNA ,medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Molecular Diagnostics ,Aged ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Non invasive ,Follow up studies ,Diagnostic marker ,stool biomarker ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,digestive system diseases ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,MicroRNAs ,ROC Curve ,Potential biomarkers ,Case-Control Studies ,Identification (biology) ,Female ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background: The detection of microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in stool is a novel approach for the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The aim of this study is to investigate the use of miR-221 and miR-18a in stool samples as non-invasive biomarkers for CRC diagnosis. Methods: A miRNA expression array containing 667 miRNAs was performed to identify miRNA dysregulation in CRC tissues. We focused on miR-221 and miR-18a, two significantly upregulated miRNAs which were subsequently verified in 40 pairs of CRC tissues and 595 stool samples (198 CRCs, 199 polyps and 198 normal controls). Results: miR-221 and miR-18a were upregulated in the miRNA expression array. miR-221 and miR-18a levels were also significantly higher in 40 CRC tumours compared with their respective adjacent normal tissues. In stool samples, miR-221 and miR-18a showed a significant increasing trend from normal controls to late stages of CRC (P
- Published
- 2014
7. DACT2 is a functional tumor suppressor through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway and associated with poor survival in colon cancer
- Author
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S Wang, Y Dong, Y Zhang, X Wang, L Xu, S Yang, X Li, H Dong, L Su, S S M Ng, Z Chang, J J Sung, X Zhang, and J Yu
- Subjects
Adult ,Cancer Research ,Beta-catenin ,Colorectal cancer ,Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 ,Nuclear Localization Signals ,Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ,Mutation, Missense ,Mice, Nude ,Disease-Free Survival ,Mice ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Wnt Signaling Pathway ,beta Catenin ,Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Cell Nucleus ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,biology ,Cell growth ,Tumor Suppressor Proteins ,Wnt signaling pathway ,Methylation ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Cadherins ,Molecular biology ,Neoplasm Proteins ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Survival Rate ,HEK293 Cells ,Amino Acid Substitution ,Catenin ,Colonic Neoplasms ,biology.protein ,Original Article ,Signal transduction ,Caco-2 Cells ,Carrier Proteins ,Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 - Abstract
Dapper homolog (DACT) 2 is one of the Dact gene family members, which are important modulators of Wnt signaling pathway. We aim to clarify its epigenetic inactivation, biological function and clinical implication in colon cancer. DACT2 was silenced in five out of eight colon cancer cell lines, but robustly expressed in normal colon tissues. The loss of DACT2 expression was regulated by promoter hypermethylation. Restoring DACT2 expression in colon cancer cell lines suppressed tumor cell growth by inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, DACT2 overexpression effectively reduced lung metastasis of colon cancer cells in nude mice. These effects by DACT2 were attributed to inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Reexpression of DACT2 significantly suppressed the transcriptional activity of both wild-type β-catenin and degradation-resistant form mutant β-catenin (S33Y). DACT2 could actively shuttle into and out of nuclei, with its predominant steady-state localization in the cytoplasm dependent on its nuclear export signal. Co-immunoprecipitation results indicated that DACT2 strongly associated β-catenin as well as lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) and directly disrupted the formation of the β-catenin–LEF1 complex in the nucleus. Whereas in the cytoplasm, DACT2 restored junctional localization of E-cadherin–β-catenin complexes and prevented β-catenin nuclear translocation through direct interaction with β-catenin. DACT2 methylation was detected in 43.3% (29/67) of colon cancer tissues, but none in normal controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with DACT2 methylation had a significant decrease in overall survival (P=0.006). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that DACT2 methylation was significantly associated with shortened survival in stage I–III colon cancer patients. In conclusion, DACT2 acts as a functional tumor suppressor in colon cancer through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Its methylation at early stages of colon carcinogenesis is an independent prognostic factor.
- Published
- 2014
8. Cutaneous electrical stimulation to improve balance performance in patients with sub-acute stroke: a randomised controlled trial
- Author
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S S M, Ng, C W K, Lai, M W S, Tang, and J, Woo
- Subjects
Aged, 80 and over ,Complementary Therapies ,Male ,Stroke Rehabilitation ,Severity of Illness Index ,Electric Stimulation ,Stroke ,Treatment Outcome ,Hong Kong ,Humans ,Female ,Single-Blind Method ,Postural Balance ,Aged - Published
- 2016
9. Clinical significance of CDX2-positive circulating tumour cells in colorectal cancer patients
- Author
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M. Y.Y. Lam, Anthony T.C. Chan, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, T. C.C. Au, V. H.M. Lee, Charles Ml Chan, Sze Chuen Cesar Wong, S S M Ng, Paul B.S. Lai, M. T. Cheung, L. Y. Luk, and A. H.K. Cheung
- Subjects
Adenoma ,Adult ,Male ,Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Colorectal cancer ,clinical significance ,colorectal cancer ,Young Adult ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Humans ,CDX2 Transcription Factor ,Clinical significance ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,Young adult ,CDX2 ,Molecular Diagnostics ,Survival analysis ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Homeodomain Proteins ,business.industry ,Cancer ,Middle Aged ,Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,digestive system diseases ,embryonic structures ,Trans-Activators ,Female ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,CDX2-positive circulating tumour cells ,business ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
Background: Our recent work has shown the feasibility of using a refined immunomagnetic enrichment (IE) assay to detect cytokeratin 20-positive circulating tumour cells (CK20 pCTCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We attempted to improve the sensitivity for CRC by detecting another intestinal-type differentiation marker, CDX2 pCTCs, using the same methodology. Methods: CDX2 pCTCs were detected in patients with CRC, colorectal adenoma (CAD), benign colorectal diseases (BCD), other common cancers (OCC) and normal subjects (NS). Statistical analysis was used to correlate CDX2 pCTCs to the clinicohistopathological factors, recurrence, metastasis and survival after follow-up for 42 months in CRC patients. Results: CDX2 pCTCs were detected in 81% CRC patients (73 out of 90, median number=21.5 CTCs), 7.5% CAD patients (3 out of 40), 0% patients with BCD (0 out of 90), 2.5% patients with OCC (2 out of 80) and 0% NS (0 out of 40). Furthermore, statistical analysis showed that CDX2 pCTC numbers were associated with tumour- node-metastasis stage and lymph node status. Using the median CDX2 pCTC numbers as the cutoff points, stratified groups of CRC patients had significant differences in their recurrence and survival. Conclusions: This study showed that the refined IE assay can detect CDX2 pCTCs with high sensitivity and that CDX2 pCTCs can generate clinically important information for CRC patients.
- Published
- 2011
10. A comparison of the acceptance of immunochemical faecal occult blood test and colonoscopy in colorectal cancer screening: a prospective study among Chinese
- Author
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Susanne Y. P. Choi, Vivian W. Q. Lou, Joseph J.Y. Sung, Martin C.S. Wong, Sian M. Griffiths, Kelvin K.F. Tsoi, K. W. K. Ling, S. S. M. Ng, and Francis K.L. Chan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Hepatology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Colorectal cancer ,Gastroenterology ,Rectum ,Colonoscopy ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Colorectal cancer screening ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Faecal occult blood test ,First-degree relatives ,Prospective cohort study ,business - Abstract
Among 3430 participants [mean age 56.8 years (s.d. 5.0); female 55.1%, male 44.9%], 51.3% chose colonoscopy and 48.7% chose FIT. Older participants (65–70 years) were less likely to choose colonoscopy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.731, P = 0.041]. Subjects who chose colonoscopy were those disagreed screening would lead to discomfort (aOR 1.356, P < 0.001), had relatives or friends who had CRC (first degree relatives aOR 1.679, P < 0.001; second degree relatives aOR 1.304, P = 0.019; friends or others aOR 1.252, P = 0.026) and those who self-perceived their health as poor (aOR 1.529, P = 0.025).
- Published
- 2010
11. MicroRNA-143 targets DNA methyltransferases 3A in colorectal cancer
- Author
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Hc C. Jin, Wp P. Tsang, Christoph Röcken, Tt T. Kwok, S S M Ng, Eko K. O. Ng, Jjy Sung, Jun Yu, Jj J. Li, and Mpa P. A. Ebert
- Subjects
Colorectal Neoplasms - enzymology - genetics ,Cancer Research ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Methyltransferase ,Tumor suppressor gene ,Colorectal cancer ,Blotting, Western ,MiR-143 ,Down-Regulation ,Biology ,DNA Methyltransferase 3A ,RNA interference ,Cell Line, Tumor ,microRNA ,medicine ,Humans ,Gene silencing ,DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases ,Gene Silencing ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Molecular Diagnostics ,MicroRNAs - genetics - metabolism ,Regulation of gene expression ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,MicroRNAs ,Oncology ,DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase - metabolism ,Cancer research ,DNMT3A ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - genetics ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Tumour suppressor - Abstract
Background:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19-25-nucleotides regulatory non-protein-coding RNA molecules that regulate the expressions of a wide variety of genes, including some involved in cancer development. In this study, we investigated the possible role of miR-143 in colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods:Expression levels of human mature miRNAs were examined using real-time PCR-based expression arrays on paired colorectal carcinomas and adjacent non-cancerous colonic tissues. The downregulation of miR-143 was further evaluated in colon cancer cell lines and in paired CRC and adjacent non-cancerous colonic tissues by qRT-PCR. Potential targets of miR-143 were defined. The functional effect of miR-143 and its targets was investigated in human colon cancer cell lines to confirm miRNA-target association.Results:Both real-time PCR-based expression arrays and qRT-PCR showed that miR-143 was frequently downregulated in 87.5% (35 of 40) of colorectal carcinoma tissues compared with their adjacent non-cancerous colonic tissues. Using in silico predictions, DNA methyltranferase 3A (DNMT3A) was defined as a potential target of miR-143. Restoration of the miR-143 expression in colon cell lines decreased tumour cell growth and soft-agar colony formation, and downregulated the DNMT3A expression in both mRNA and protein levels. DNMT3A was shown to be a direct target of miR-143 by luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, the miR-143 expression was observed to be inversely correlated with DNMT3A mRNA and protein expression in CRC tissues.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that miR-143 regulates DNMT3A in CRC. These findings elucidated a tumour-suppressive role of miR-143 in the epigenetic aberration of CRC, providing a potential development of miRNA-based targeted approaches for CRC therapy. © 2009 Cancer Research UK., published_or_final_version
- Published
- 2009
12. Cost-effectiveness analysis on screening for colorectal neoplasm and management of colorectal cancer in Asia
- Author
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K. K. F. TSOI, S. S. M. NG, M. C. M. LEUNG, and J. J. Y. SUNG
- Subjects
Hepatology ,Gastroenterology ,Pharmacology (medical) - Published
- 2008
13. Electroacupuncture for ileus after laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a randomised sham-controlled study
- Author
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S S M, Ng, W W, Leung, S S F, Hon, J C M, Li, C Y N, Wong, and J F Y, Lee
- Subjects
Male ,Electroacupuncture ,Ileus ,Postoperative Complications ,Humans ,Female ,Laparoscopy ,Length of Stay ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Aged - Abstract
1. Electroacupuncture at acupoints of Zusanli, Sanyinjiao, Hegu, and Zhigou is more effective than no acupuncture and sham acupuncture in stimulating early return of bowel function and reducing analgesic requirement after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. 2. Electroacupuncture is more effective than no acupuncture in reducing the duration of hospital stay. 3. Receipt of electroacupuncture is an independent predictor of shorter duration of ileus and hospital stay after laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
- Published
- 2014
14. Postpolypectomy bleeding secondary to undiagnosed haemophilia B in an octogenarian
- Author
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S. S. M. Ng, J. C. M. Li, Wendy Siuyi Wong, and J. F. Y. Lee
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,MEDLINE ,Medicine ,Haemophilia B ,General Medicine ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2010
15. MicroRNA dysregulation in colorectal cancer: a clinical perspective
- Author
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Chung Wah Wu, Yujuan Dong, S S M Ng, Jun Yu, Joseph J.Y. Sung, and William K.K. Wu
- Subjects
Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Colorectal cancer ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,colorectal cancer ,Biology ,Metastasis ,Feces ,Internal medicine ,microRNA ,single-nucleotide polymorphisms ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Gene silencing ,Humans ,Early Detection of Cancer ,miRNA ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,diagnostic marker ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,digestive system diseases ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,MicroRNAs ,Treatment Outcome ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Minireview ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,prognostic marker - Abstract
Recent researches have shed light on the biological importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) genesis, progression and response to treatments. The potential utility of miRNAs in the preclinical stage have been explored and investigated. In this review, we explored the literature and reviewed the cutting edge progress in the discovery of noninvasive plasma and faecal miRNAs for CRC early diagnosis, as well as their measurability and predictability. We also discussed the utility of miRNAs as novel prognostic and predictive markers, and their association with CRC clinical phenotypes including recurrence, metastasis and therapeutic outcomes. Finally, we summarised miRNA-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms and their potential influence on sporadic CRC susceptibility and therapeutic response. In conclusion, the use of miRNAs as biomarker for CRC is still in its infancy and need further characterisation and evaluation.
- Published
- 2011
16. Migration of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube into the transverse colon: a forgotten cause of refractory diarrhea
- Author
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Philip Wai Yan Chiu, S. S. M. Ng, Enders K.W. Ng, A. Y. B. Teoh, Hon Chi Yip, and Shirley Yuk-Wah Liu
- Subjects
Aged, 80 and over ,Diarrhea ,Gastrostomy ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Gastroenterology ,Transverse colon ,Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ,Endoscopy ,Surgery ,Refractory ,Foreign-Body Migration ,X ray computed ,Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ,Medicine ,Humans ,Tube (fluid conveyance) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Colon, Transverse - Published
- 2010
17. A comparison of the acceptance of immunochemical faecal occult blood test and colonoscopy in colorectal cancer screening: a prospective study among Chinese
- Author
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M C S, Wong, K K F, Tsoi, S S M, Ng, V W Q, Lou, S Y P, Choi, K W K, Ling, F K L, Chan, S M, Griffiths, and J J Y, Sung
- Subjects
Male ,Colonoscopy ,Middle Aged ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,Asian People ,Occult Blood ,Hong Kong ,Humans ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,Prospective Studies ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Early Detection of Cancer ,Aged - Abstract
Preferences to choose immunochemical faecal occult blood test (FIT) and colonoscopy as colorectal cancer (CRC) screening modalities among asymptomatic Chinese subjects remain unknown.To evaluate the preference of choosing colonoscopy vs. FIT among CRC screening participants.From a community-based CRC screening programme for asymptomatic Hong Kong Chinese aged 50-70 years, participants attended standardized educational sessions and chose the options of annual FIT for 5 years or direct colonoscopy once. Factors associated with choosing colonoscopy were evaluated by multivariate regression analysis.Among 3430 participants [mean age 56.8 years (s.d. 5.0); female 55.1%, male 44.9%], 51.3% chose colonoscopy and 48.7% chose FIT. Older participants (65-70 years) were less likely to choose colonoscopy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.731, P = 0.041]. Subjects who chose colonoscopy were those disagreed screening would lead to discomfort (aOR 1.356, P0.001), had relatives or friends who had CRC (first degree relatives aOR 1.679, P0.001; second degree relatives aOR 1.304, P = 0.019; friends or others aOR 1.252, P = 0.026) and those who self-perceived their health as poor (aOR 1.529, P = 0.025).Faecal occult blood test and direct colonoscopy were equally preferable to Chinese. Colonoscopy was preferred among the younger subjects, those with positive family history of CRC and self-perceived poor health status.
- Published
- 2010
18. Double inferior vena cava: a report of three cases
- Author
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W T, Ng and S S M, Ng
- Subjects
Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Treatment Outcome ,Thromboembolism ,Humans ,Pain ,Female ,Vena Cava, Inferior ,Middle Aged ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Congenital Abnormalities - Abstract
Double inferior vena cava (IVC) is a congenital anomaly resulting from the persistence of the embryonic venous system. The majority of cases are clinically silent and diagnosed incidentally on imaging for other reasons. However, these venous anomalies may have significant clinical implications, especially during retroperitoneal surgery and in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. We report three cases of double IVC and review the relevant literature. The clinical importance of recognising double IVC is discussed.
- Published
- 2009
19. Effectiveness of a home-based rehabilitation programme on lower limb functions after stroke
- Author
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Christina W Y, Hui-Chan, S S M, Ng, and M K Y, Mak
- Subjects
Self Care ,Stroke ,Lower Extremity ,Muscle Spasticity ,Stroke Rehabilitation ,Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Mobility Limitation ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Gait Disorders, Neurologic ,Exercise Therapy - Published
- 2009
20. Molecular Evolution of PACAP Precursor and PACAP Receptors
- Author
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R. T-K Pang, S. S-M Ng, and B. K-C Chow
- Subjects
endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,Central nervous system ,Adenylyl cyclase ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Anterior pituitary ,Neurotrophic factors ,Internal medicine ,Catecholamine ,medicine ,Neurotransmitter ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) was first discovered from the ovine hypothalamic extracts for its action to stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP production in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells (Miyata et al, 1989). The fact that PACAP has been well-conserved during the course of evolution from protochordates to mammals, as well as its diverse tissue distribution in the brain and pheripheral organs, strongly suggests that this peptide serves important biological functions. In mammals, PACAP has been demonstrated to exhibit pleiotropic effects. In the central nervous system (CNS), PACAP acts as a neurotransmitter (Masuo et al, 1993) and neurotrophic factor (Lindholm et al, 1998). In the peripheral tissues, PACAP is a physiological stimulant for catecholamine release (Isobe et al, 1993), vasodilation (Carlsson et al, 1996), insulin secretion (Filipsson and Ahren 1998), cell proliferation/differentiation (Moody et al, 1993; Lazarovici et al, 1998), bronchodilation (Linden et al, 1999), and intestinal motility (Lauff et al, 1999) (for a review, see Vaudry et al, 2000). In lower vertebrates, in particular teleost fish, there is increasing evidence to indicate the hypophysiotropic actions of PACAP in regulating pituitary hormone synthesis and secretion (for a review, see Wong et al, 2000).
- Published
- 2003
21. Transgene-encoded antiphosphorylcholine (T15+) antibodies protect CBA/N (xid) mice against infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae but not Trichinella spiralis
- Author
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Dtm Leung, S S M Ng, Sth Chan, WF Choy, and Pak Leong Lim
- Subjects
Idiotype ,Transgene ,Phosphorylcholine ,Immunology ,Trichinella spiralis ,Mice, Transgenic ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Immunoglobulin G ,Antibodies ,Pneumococcal Infections ,Mice ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,medicine ,Animals ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Trichinellosis ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Pneumococcal infections ,Infectious Diseases ,biology.protein ,Mice, Inbred CBA ,Parasitology ,Female ,Immunization ,Antibody ,Research Article - Abstract
Immunodeficient CBA/N (xid) mice are highly susceptible to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Previous studies indicated that this susceptibility may be attributed to the lack of antibodies to phosphorylcholine (PC) in the circulation of these animals. We now provide direct proof that when these mice are genetically manipulated to produce significant amounts of circulating anti-PC immunoglobulin G antibodies of the T15 idiotype, they can be protected against a lethal challenge with S. pneumoniae. Transgenic mice were also used to investigate whether the transgene-encoded antibodies could protect the animals against another PC-bearing microorganism, Trichinella spiralis; in this case, there was no protection. These results were further supported by experiments with CFW mice which had been immunized to produce high levels of anti-PC antibodies but which were found to be just as susceptible to T. spiralis infection as nonimmunized animals.
- Published
- 1994
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