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Abstract This paper, offers a new method for simulating variable-order fractional differential operators with numerous types of fractional derivatives, such as the Caputo derivative, the Caputo–Fabrizio derivative, the Atangana–Baleanu fractal and fractional derivative, and the Atangana–Baleanu Caputo derivative via power-law kernels. Modeling chaotical systems and nonlinear fractional differential equations can be accomplished with the utilization of variable-order differential operators. The computational structures are based on the fractional calculus and Newton’s polynomial interpolation. These methods are applied to different variable-order fractional derivatives for Wang–Sun, Rucklidge, and Rikitake systems. We illustrate this novel approach’s significance and effectiveness through numerical examples.

Air compressors are critical components in many industries whose catastrophic failure results in huge financial losses and downtime leading to accidents. Hence, real time fault diagnosis of air compressor is essential to predict the health condition of air compressor and plan scheduled maintenance thereby reducing financial losses and accidents. Fault diagnosis using transfer learning aids in real time fault detection. In the present study, five air compressor conditions were considered namely, check valve fault, inlet and outlet reed valve fluttering fault, inlet reed valve fluttering fault, outlet reed valve fluttering fault, and good condition. The raw vibration data was converted to radar plot images that were pre-processed and classified using four pre-trained networks (ResNet-50, GoogLeNet, AlexNet, and VGG-16). The hyperparameters like epochs, batch size, optimizer, train-test split ratio, and learning rate were varied to find out the best network for air compressor fault diagnosis. ResNet-50 among all other pre-trained networks produced the maximum classification accuracy (average of five trials) of 98.72%.

Background: The inflammatory and immune factors play a key role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, and there are very few studies that have investigated the levels of major cytokines produced by T helper (Th) 1, Th2, and Th17 cells. This can enable better understanding of the, pathogenesis, and severity of vitiligo. Objectives: To evaluate the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IL-10 in patients with vitiligo and to correlate them with the disease severity and activity and to compare them with normal healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted with 100 study participants: 50 cases clinically diagnosed as vitiligo and 50 controls. All patients underwent complete evaluation with detailed demographic parameters, history, and physical examination. The severity of the disease was assessed clinically by Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI) and Vitiligo Disease Activity Score (VIDA). Blood investigations performed were IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-10. Results: We observed significantly higher levels of serum IFN-γ levels in the patient group when compared with those of the normal controls (P = 0.002) and showed a positive correlation with the activity and severity of the disease with a significant VASI (P = 0.05) and VIDA score (P = < 0.001). The mean serum IL-10 (p < 0.001) in patients with vitiligo was significantly lower than that in the control group. There was no significant difference in the serum level of TNF-α level (P = 0.347), IL-6 (P = 0.365), and IL-1β (P = 0.362) between vitiligo and healthy controls. Conclusion: This study proved that high serum level of IFN-γ may be a risk factor for vitiligo progression and significantly low levels of IL-10, which has an anti-inflammatory role, suggesting that they could be used as a marker for assessing vitiligo activity and may open the way for further therapeutic approaches for vitiligo.

Concrete structures exposed to high temperatures often experience thermal damage, which can significantly reduce their structural integrity. Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) wrapping is a common retrofitting technique used to restore the strength and durability of thermally affected concrete. This study investigates the effectiveness of Basalt Fiber-reinforced Polymer wrapping on different concrete specimens with varying orientations of wrapping. This study mainly focuses on various parameters as fiber orientation and wrapping methodology. A series of 15 columns of dimension 150mm x 150mm with a length of 700mm are cast and subjected to axial compression loading in a pre-heated condition until the initial cracking occurs. These cracked columns are made to strengthen using Basalt Fiber with different patterns of orientation of laminates. The retrofitted columns are subjected to axial compression loading to determine their maximum load-bearing capacities. The test results of this experiment is assessed and compared with conventional RC columns of same grade. The strength of retrofitted columns versus conventional ones are compared and analyzed. The maximum load bearing capacity for a particular pattern of wrapping is determined.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum lipid profile among untreated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients. Materials and Methods: This study was done in three groups of patients - OSMF, OSCC, and control. There are twenty participants in each group. Calorimetric method using semi-autoanalyzer was used for analyzing the lipid levels (cholesterol, triglycerides [TGL], and high-density lipids [HDL]) after collecting 2 ml of fasting blood from these patients. Low-density lipid [LDL] values were obtained by calculator method. Results: There was a significant decrease in serum lipid levels of patients with OSMF and OSCC. Conclusion: The decrease in lipid levels in OSMF and OSCC patients is due to its utilization by the cells during the cancer process.

Introduction: Despite being one of the most commonly performed emergency surgical procedures, there is a scarcity of data on the outcomes and postoperative mortality rates of emergency laparotomy. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 151 patients those who underwent emergency laparotomy in the department of general surgery over a period of 8 months. Data were collected from the medical records available in the Medical Records Library. Results: The mean age of the study population was 45 years, with 82.8% being males. The overall mortality rate was 23.84% at 30 days. Conclusion: Emergency laparotomy carries a risk of high mortality and is associated with several modifiable factors. The data presented here reinforce the need for new models of care with increased multidisciplinary input into patient care in the postoperative period.

Panoramic radiography is a unique and a very useful extraoral film technique that allows the dentist to view the entire dentition and related structures, from condyle to condyle, on one film. Capturing a wide range of structures on a single film grounds the odds of errors in the digital panoramic radiographs. Improper positioning of the patient complicates it more, reducing the diagnostic usefulness of these radiographs. Wide knowledge about the common positioning errors and the ways to rectify it benefits the dentists in interpretation and diagnosis. Aim: This study is aimed at analyzing the 10 common positional errors (anteriorly positioned, posteriorly positioned, head tilted upwards, head tilted downwards, head twisted to one side, head tipped, overlapping of spine in lower anterior region, tongue not placed close to palate, patient movement, and ghost images) in 200 digital panoramic radiographs selected randomly. Materials and Methods: Two hundred digital panoramic radiographic images of the patients above 6 years of age were selected randomly from the stored data in the system, projected on the white screen, and studied. The radiographs were analyzed by two oral medicine and radiology specialists, by recording separately, and then the results were analyzed. Results: The most common error was failure to place the tongue close to the palate, which leads to the presence of radiolucent airspace obscuring the roots of the maxillary teeth.

Background: Juvenile plantar dermatosis (JPD), also known as “wet and dry foot syndrome,” is a skin disorder of the feet that commonly affects children from ages 3–14. JPD is frequently seen in children with eczema, but it is not a requirement for diagnosis. Forefoot eczema (FE) is synonymous with JPD is a condition characterized by dry fissured dermatitis of the plantar surface of the feet. Aims: To study the clinical patterns of FE and its associated risk factors. Methods: Twenty-five patients were recorded in the study during the period from April 2013 to March 2014. Fungal scrapings, patch testing, and biopsy for histopathological examination were done wherever required. Results: In our study, the most common site affected was the plantar surface of the toes in 8 (32%) patients. Hand involvement, with fissuring and soreness of the fingertips and palm, was seen in two patients (8%). Four patients (16%) had a personal history of atopy whereas a family history of atopy was present in 3 (12%). Nine patients (36%) had associated risk factors with reported aggravation of itching with plastic, rubber, or leather footwear, and with prolonged contact with water and detergents. Negative fungal scrapings and culture in all patients ruled out a dermatophyte infection. Patch testing with Indian Standard Series was performed in all patients and was positive in three. Conclusions: This study concluded FE as a distinctive dermatosis of the first and second decade, predominantly in males, with a multifactorial etiology and confirming the concept of FE as a barrier disease beyond eczema.

Background: Like in any other profession, dental surgeons are also afflicted by many occupational health hazards such as Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and mental health related issues. Aims: To assess the distribution of MSD and mental health related issues amidst dentists in Salem City according to age, sex and number of working hours per week. Objectives: A survey was organized to check the rate of occurrence of these occupational health hazards among dental practitioners in Salem city. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among one hundred and fifty dentists practicing in Salem City in the form of questionnaire. Dentists were asked about any occupational disease that they suffered related to a musculo–skeletal pain and its location whether in the back, upper limbs or lower limbs. In addition to this,dentists were asked about mental stress that they had experienced. Results: MSD showed higher rate of prevalence compared to mental health related issues. Conclusion: The application of preventive measures is necessary, in view of the high rate of these disorders in the society of dental practitioners.

Aim: The purpose of this paper was to review various dosimeters used in dentistry and the cumulative results of various studies done with various dosimeters. Materials and Methods: Several relevant PubMed indexed articles from 1999 to 2013 were electronically searched by typing "dosimeters", "dosimeters in dentistry", "properties of dosimeters", "thermoluminescent and optically stimulated dosimeters", "recent advancements in dosimetry in dentistry." The searches were limited to articles in English to prepare a concise review on dental dosimetry. Titles and abstracts were screened, and articles that fulfilled the criteria of use of dosimeters in dental applications were selected for a full-text reading. Article was divided into four groups: (1) Biological effects of radiation, (2) properties of dosimeters, (3) types of dosimeters and (4) results of various studies using different dosimeters. Conclusion : The present review on dosimetry based on various studies done with dosimeters revealed that, with the advent of radiographic technique the effective dose delivered is low. Therefore, selection of radiological technique plays an important role in dental dose delivery.

The study was undertaken to determine genetic polymorphisms of Calpain and Calpastatin genes and to study their association with growth traits (birth weight, weaning weight, 6-month body weight and ADG) in Bandur ram lambs (100) distributed over core area of the home tract as well as from Livestock Research and Information Centre (Sheep), KVAFSU, Nagamangala. Miller’s high salt method was used for isolation of genomic DNA from venous blood. A 192 bp of CAPN (exons 5 and 6) and 620 bp of CAST (exons 1C/1D) genes were amplified by PCR using published primers. The PCR-SSCP analysis of CAPN gene revealed genotype frequency for AA (0.672) and AB (0.295) and allele frequency for A (0.820) and B (0.180), respectively. Alignment of A and B allele of Calpain by CLC Main Workbench 6.8.1 showed addition/insertion of one nucleotide ‘A’ in B allele. The PCR-RFLP analysis of CAST gene revealed frequency for genotypes MM (0.24), MN (0.59) and NN (0.17), and for alleles M (0.535) and N (0.465), respectively. The Chi-square test indicated that the studied population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Five SNPs were identified in the intron between exon 1C and 1D of CAST. The association of CAPN and CAST genotypes with growth traits was analysed by ANOVA using GLM procedures of SAS 9.3. No significant associations were observed between polymorphisms of CAPN and CAST loci and growth traits.

Lymphadenopathy is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis; cervical region being the frequent affected site. Ultrasound is a useful noninvasive imaging modality in the assessment of cervical lymph nodes. The morphology of lymph nodes is evaluated by grey-scale sonography and the power Doppler sonography helps in the assessment the vasculature of lymph nodes. Tuberculous lymphadenitis exhibits distinctive features like presence of adjacent soft tissue edema and matting of nodes. This article highlights the use of ultrasonographic as a diagnostic approach, by comparing and differentiating the features of tubercular lymph nodes in a 10-year-old female patient.

In this article, we investigate the controllability of damped dynamical system modelled by Hilfer derivative of fractional order [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The Mittag-Leffler matrix function of two parameters has been used to represent the solution of Hilfer fractional problem of damped dynamical system. With the use of the Schawder fixed point theorem and the contraction mapping theorem, the existence and uniqueness of the linear and non-linear system of Hilfer dynamical control system are determined. More specifically, fractional calculus are used to provide sufficient criteria for the controllability results. Finally, examples are given to show how the key results might be justified.

The present study proposes an ensemble-based deep neural network (DNN) model for autonomous detection of visual faults such as glass breakage, burn marks, snail trail, and discoloration, delamination on various photovoltaic modules (PVM). The proposed technique utilizes an image dataset captured by RGB (Red, Green, Blue) camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In the first step, the images are preprocessed by deriving spatial and frequency domain features, such as discrete wavelet transform (DWT), texture, grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), fast Fourier transform (FFT), and grey level difference method (GLDM). The processed images are inserted as input in the proposed ensemble-based deep neural network (DNN) model in order to detect any visual faults on the photovoltaic modules (PVM). The performance of the proposed model is evaluated through classification accuracy, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and confusion matrix. The results demonstrate that the proposed ensemble-based deep neural network (DNN) model, along with the random forest classifier, achieved a classification accuracy of 99.68% for detecting visual faults on the PV modules. To verify the performance and robustness of the proposed model, we compare our model’s results to those of various classification approaches described in the literature. The suggested approach is compatible with the commercial unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) embedded flight management system for fault detection.