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A new High-Temperature Superconducting ECR (HTS-ECR) ion source is under development in Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University. This ion source will be used for production of high intensity proton, deuteron and He ion beams. The HTS-ECR magnets are composed of three solenoid coils and a set of sextupole coils made of REBCO tapes, a high-temperature superconductor. The HTS-ECR ion source is designed to operate at frequency of 2.45 GHz and 10 GHz. Performance test of the HTS coils had been carried out at 31 K and 77 K. This HTS coil technology will be applied to development of a meter-size HTS coil system of a high intensity compact AVF cyclotron. This paper introduces the basic design of the HTS-ECR ion source. The performance test results showed that REBCO solenoids remain superconducting state with a current up to 400 A. Simulation results of the magnetic field and electromagnetic field distributions in a plasma chamber fulfilled the requirements of electron cyclotron resonance conditions at 2.45 GHz and 10 GHz. Simulation result of mirror ratios and electromagnetic field amplitudes are also presented in this paper.

The authors have explored mechanical and transport characteristics of coated conductors by hoop stress tests at 4.2 K, 11 T. Two monolayer coils, which were YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 (YBCO) and GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 (GdBCO) coils, and a double-stacked single-pancake coil were tested. The mechanical and electrical behavior of monolayer coils were simple, thus they were well explained by simple forms. The stress and strain were easily evaluated by using BJR relation and strain gauge measurements. On the other hand, the behavior of the pancake coil was not simple. The analytically evaluated azimuthal strain was qualitatively consistent with measured strain. However, the measured radial strain was not explained by analytically because of non-monolithic deformation of the coil. The transport characteristic was influenced by the non-monolithic deformation.

The thermal behavior of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil is significantly different from that of low-temperature superconducting (LTS) coil because it has a greater volumetric heat capacity at the temperature required for practical use. Therefore, the possibility of quench in HTS coils is much lower than that in LTS coils. In the application of the YBCO coil to Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) system, electrical charging and discharging are repeated; therefore, the superconducting characteristics of the YBCO coated conductor may deteriorate as a result of cyclic subjection to tensile strain. To enhance the reliability and safety of HTS coil, protection scheme assuming a quench is also required for HTS coil. In this study, we focus on the coil wound with YBCO laminated bundle (parallel) conductor supposing SMES application and investigate the characteristics of normal-zone propagation and the thermal behavior within the coil during a quench by using a newly developed computer code based on the finite element method and an equivalent circuit. And we also propose a quench detection method using observation of nonuniform current in YBCO laminated bundle conductor and discuss the validity of the detection method comparing with conventional quench-voltage detection.

SMES of the 10 MVA for the power control in power system has been manufactured, and connected to a real power grid. In addition, innovative basic researches, for example, low cost converter, maintenance-free cryo-coolers, inter-locks system and so on, have also been developed. The SMES was installed in the metal rolling factory with hydro power plant. Field test has been carried out for load fluctuation compensation. SMES was able to compensate for the active power according to the fluctuating load, and confirm the situation with a smooth load change of 11 kV bus of hydro power stations. In this paper, field test results will be presented.

The Cu substrates have the advantages of no ferromagnetic contribution to hysteretic AC losses, and low cost compared to Ni substrates. We investigated the Jc-B properties of YBCO films deposited on the cube-textured Cu tapes with intervening buffer layers. A protective Ni overlayer was added on top of the cube-textured Cu tape by electroplating to reduce the oxidation rate of the Cu substrate. The YBCO films prepared on the CeO2/YSZ/CeO2 buffered Ni-electroplated Cu tapes revealed the transport Jc exceeding 3.6 MA/cm2 at 77 K in a self-field. We also confirmed that our Ni-electroplated Cu tape lost its ferromagnetism after 700degC times 1 hour heat treatment.

Generally speaking for a HTS coil, perpendicular magnetic field to conductor's broad surface should be suppressed as small as possible in relation to the magnetic anisotropy. This is a reason why toroidal coil with relatively many elementary coils is expected for HTS-SMES. On the other hand, from the point of view of the homogenization of critical current distribution in the coil, perpendicular field and parallel field should be balanced corresponding to the ratio of the magnetic anisotropy. This means that a certain level of the perpendicular field is effective to reduce local heat generation in the coil. Furthermore, this concept is especially reasonable for a high-field coil with usual winding method (flat-wise winding) because the perpendicular field does not induce hoop stress which decreases the critical current. In this paper, we show these findings through an optimal design of a MOCVD-YBCO toroidal coil for 2 GJ class SMES taking account of magnetically and mechanically influenced J - E characteristics.

AC losses in power transmission cables composed of coated conductors could be potentially small. A strategy to approach their potentially small AC loss was studied. AC losses in mono-layer conductors for cables were calculated numerically in order to show the principle for AC loss reduction: use of narrower coated conductors and/or decrease in space between conductors reduce the magnetic field component perpendicular to the wide face of coated conductors, and they are effective for AC loss reduction. This principle was confirmed experimentally by using short mono-layer conductors. Based on the principle, 1 kArms-class three-layer conductors were fabricated, and AC loss of 0.054 W/m at 1 kArms was achieved in a three-layer conductor whose outer diameter is 19.6 mm. The influence of a magnetic substrate on the AC losses in a single coated conductor and a mono-layer conductor for a cable was studied numerically.

We experimentally investigated dependence of AC transport current loss characteristics of HoBCO on bending strains. The losses were compared with the losses in the straight conductors. The measurement results showed that values of the AC losses were affected by the bending strains. However, when the losses and the amplitudes of the transport currents were normalized by the strain dependent critical current, curves of the losses vs. the amplitude of the currents fell into one curve unless superconducting layers of the conductors get damages caused by bending strains. Based on these results, it can be considered that the AC transport current loss characteristics of HoBCO subjected to bending strain can be estimated by knowing values of critical currents of bent conductors and the loss characteristics of straight ones in the range where the bending strains do not damage the superconductor layers

The itinerant-electron metamagnetic (IEM) transition and magnetocaloric effects (MCEs) in cubic NaZn 13 -type La 1− z Ce z (Fe 0.88 Si 0.12 ) 13 with z = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 have been investigated. By partial substitution of Ce for La, the Curie temperature T C decreases with decreasing the lattice constant. In addition, the isothermal magnetic entropy change Δ S m and the adiabatic temperature change Δ T ad due to the IEM transition are enhanced because of the increase of the entropy change caused by the latent heat. Therefore, the partial substitution of Ce for La in La(Fe x Si 1− x ) 13 is highly effective in the enhancement of MCEs.

Fourteen adult patients with haematological malignancies (eight non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, one multiple myeloma, one chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, two acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and two acute myeloid leukaemia) developed acute interstitial pneumonitis (IP) during the course of chemotherapy. All patients manifested high fever over 38 degrees C, bilateral diffuse pulmonary interstitial infiltrates in the chest radiograph and severe hypoxia without hypercapnia in the arterial blood gas analysis. Pathogenic microorganisms were not detected in repeated examinations in any patient. Chemotherapy given included various anti-neoplastic drugs. Five patients had received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for chemotherapy-induced leucopenia. The onset was associated with an increase of leucocytes in 10 patients. All patients were treated with high dose steroid hormone and broad spectrum antibiotics with or without anti-fungal agents, and three required mechanical ventilation. Eleven patients quickly recovered from these situations, whereas three died. Autopsies were done in two patients and disclosed pneumocystis carinii (PC) pneumonitis in one and non-specific pulmonary congestive oedema and fibrosis in the other. In conclusion, IP of unknown cause could develop in patients with various haematological malignancies especially at the recovery phase of chemotherapy-induced leucopenia irrespective of the previous G-CSF administration. High dose steroid hormone should be used as therapy for such patients as soon as possible after exclusion of an infective aetiology.

We obtained the {100} textured Ag tape with both a good biaxial crystal orientation and a smooth surface, by precise control of the rolling process parameters. On this {100} textured Ag tape, YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (Y-123) and NdBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (Nd-123) films were deposited by using a pulsed laser deposition method. "Y-123/Nd-123/{100} textured Ag tape" sample had both good biaxial orientation and smooth surface, as a result, relatively high J/sub c/ of 0.57/spl times/10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K in self field was achieved. Present J/sub c/ value is not competitive comparing with the other techniques for coated conductors (CC), such as IBAD or RABiTS, however, it is very promising. We believe that the J/sub c/ of CC using {100} textured Ag tapes will increase after optimizing the Y-123 deposition process.

Mechanical properties of YBaCuO superconducting tape produced by a multi-stage metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique have been investigated. It is important for YBaCuO superconducting tape to tolerate stress strain and maintain flexibility in order to be used for electric power applications, magnetic applications, and so on. At this time, we have produced an approximately 0.25 /spl mu/m YBaCuO layer on a pulse laser deposition (PLD)-CeO/sub 2//ion beam assisted (IBAD)-Gd/sub 2/Zr/sub 2/O/sub 7//Ni-based alloy substrate by an MOCVD technique, and approximately 4 /spl mu/m Ag was sputtered on it as a protective layer. The thickness of each layer was approximately 1.0 /spl mu/m, 1.0 /spl mu/m and 0.1 mm respectively. Its critical current was about 50 A. The mechanical properties of YBaCuO tape formed on Ni-based alloy substrates with a CeO/sub 2//Gd/sub 2/Zr/sub 2/O/sub 7/ buffer layer will be described. Tensile or compressive bend stress tests were conducted, and normalized critical current and the value n were evaluated. The degradation of its critical current was confirmed not to be in the big problem level in manufacturing applications. In addition, the surfaces of YBaCuO layers were observed by scanning electron microscopy and no crack was observed on them. Next, axial tensile stress tests were conducted and the YBaCuO tape was compared with biaxially textured Ni-3at.%W alloy substrates and YBaCuO layers on Ag substrates. Axial tensile stress characteristics of the YBaCuO tape were confirmed to be much higher than others. The YBaCuO tape was confirmed to have adequate axial tensile stress characteristics for designing a coil which can tolerate electromagnetic force.

A good {110} texture was successfully obtained by the only 3 minutes post-roll annealing by the careful control of the cold-roll process. Such a short annealing time will enable to skip the final annealing process of the Ag tape for the recrystallization and to save the cost of the furnace, energy and the time. We could obtain 20 m long cold-rolled Ag tape with enough uniformity, which can be converted to the {110} textured Ag tape by the only short time annealing. The 3 cm samples, cut from both end and from the middle part of the 20 m long cold-rolled tape and then annealed at 800 /spl deg/C for 5 minutes, were confirmed to have smooth surfaces and the shallow grooves at grain boundaries, as well as good {110} textures from the X-ray {100} pole figures and the SEM photographs.

The diagnostic system of JT-60U (JT-60upgrade) is composed of about 50 individual diagnostic devices. Recently, the detailed radial profile measurements of plasma parameters have been improved, so ...

In recent years, rapid improvements have been made to the quality of high-temperature superconductors (HTSs). We carried out a feasibility study on the application of HTS coils in medical accelerators, which are used for particle cancer therapy. In this application, HTSs are exposed to radiation. As a result, the HTS conductors become radioactive, thereby making the operation and maintenance of the reactors or accelerators difficult. Further, radiation affects the superconducting characteristics and causes an increase in the amount of nuclear waste generated. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of radiation on HTSs. In this study, we carried out irradiation experiments on Bi-2223 and YBCO tapes at room temperature by using 14-MeV neutrons (dose: 77 kGy). We also performed radioactive analyses on HTS tapes and carried out current-voltage (I-V) measurements on the tapes immersed in a liquid-nitrogen (LN2) bath, before and after irradiation. The irradiation to YBCO had been conducted in the past. We irradiated neutrons to YBCO and Bi-2223 tapes on the assumption that they will be applied by the medical accelerator.

We developed a 15 m-long, 2.6 kA-class conductor, which was made by winding a number of transposed segments around a stainless steel flexible former. The transposed segment consisted of five Bi-2223 tapes, which were strengthened with Ag–Mg–Sb sheath and insulated with resin individually. The conductor had a three-layer structure, which was taken by a method of equalizing impedance of each layer by adjusting spiral pitches. Current distribution in the same segments for the conductor was unified below changing rate of ±5%. Further, current distribution in three layers was homogenized below ±6% in the range from 200 to 2800 A. As the results, we successfully carried out a development of the low AC loss high- T c superconducting cable, for which AC loss was 0.1 W/m at flowing 1000 A.

We successfully obtained biaxially oriented NdBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ superconducting films with the T/sub c/ of 89 K on {100} textured Ag tapes without any buffer layers. The lower substrate temperature seems to be favorable for the better biaxial orientation of the NdBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ grains; the film deposited at 650/spl deg/C had an excellent biaxial crystal orientation, while on the textured Ag tape heated at 720/spl deg/C, NdBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ phase grew in two orientations, 45/spl deg/ apart.

This paper deals with a simple and reliable technique for simultaneous measurement of velocity and temperature in high-temperature turbulent flows, including combustion. The technique is based on the combination of laser Doppler velocimetry and a digitally compensated fine-wire thermocouple. For temperature measurement, a two-thermocouple probe with a fine cold wire [Tagawa et al. (1998) Rev Sci Instrum 69: 3370–3378] is used, which enables in situ measurement of thermocouple time constants and accurate compensation of the thermocouple response. When tested in a turbulent wake behind a heated cylinder, the technique proves to be highly reliable and effective for investigating heat transport processes in various non-isothermal turbulent flows.

A novel transmission electron microscopic technique, termed as large-area high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (LA-HRTEM), has been developed for nanoscopic observations of the lattice defects in an area as wide as 20×20 μm 2 . Utilizing LA-HRTEM, a number of twin boundaries in the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− d (Y-123) matrix are observed so that statistical analyses may be made on the inter-twin-boundary distance ( d tw ). After the annealing of a sample exhibiting no peaks in the critical current density ( J c ) vs. applied magnetic field ( H ) curve, the peak effect re-appeared as the value of d tw decreased. This fact implies that d tw is undoubtedly correlated with the degree of peak effect. Some HRTEM images have revealed that the oxygen-depleted regions in the vicinity of twin boundaries are wider for samples exhibiting a pronounced peak effect than for those with less pronounced peak effect. The oxygen-depleted regions, whose width is related to the value of d tw , may be thought to have lower critical temperatures ( T c ) than the rest. Then, the variation in T c due to the oxygen-depleted region in the vicinity of somewhat regularly arranged twin boundaries is likely to work towards some sort of flux pinning to cause the peak effect.

Superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O bulks with J{sub c} as high as 30 kA/cm{sup 2} (at 77 K and 1 T) containing both Y-123 and Y-211 phases were utilized in the present work. With different post-annealings, the authors obtained samples with different degrees of peak effect in the J{sub c} -vs- H characteristics. Using specimens with TEM observable areas as wide as 20 x 20 ({micro}m){sup 2}, large-area high-resolution transmission-electron-microscopic (LA-HRTEM) observations were made for the samples with different degrees of peak effect. Statistical analyses were made for the size of Y-211 particles and the distance between adjacent twin boundaries. It is revealed that (1) Y-211 particles including those of very small diameters have nothing to do with the peak effect, while (2) the inter-twin-boundary distance is undoubtedly correlated with the degree of peak effect. Further investigation on the twin boundary structure indicates that lower {Tc} regions may be formed in the vicinity of twin boundaries to provide fluxions with mesoscopically distributed weak pinning centers.

A novel melt-growth technique, i.e. melt growth under varied oxygen pressure (MGVOP) in which the oxygen partial pressure is increased to solidify the initial melt, has been employed to prepare melt-textured superconducting bulks of the Y-Ba-Cu-O system. The obtained textured bulk samples consisted of two phases, i.e. superconducting and non-superconducting (Y-211). The critical current density of the samples reached as high as 40 kA (at 65 K) at a high magnetic field of T to exhibit a peak in the versus relation, i.e. a peak effect. To elucidate the causes of the peak effect and the high values of at high magnetic fields, submicron structures of the MGVOP-processed samples were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the distributions of both Y-211 particles and twin boundaries were studied. In order to collect sufficient data for statistical analyses, specimens for `large-area TEM observations' were prepared using a focused ion beam thinning technique such that the TEM-observable area of the specimen was as wide as . Statistical analyses of the TEM images yielded the volume fraction of Y-211 phase, the average size of Y-211 grains and the inter-twin-boundary distance for each sample. It was concluded that a sample that had a higher twin-boundary density possessed a higher value at the peak in the versus characteristics, while fine Y-211 particles were likely to contribute to the value only at low magnetic fields.

Fusion performance of reversed shear discharges with an {ital L}-mode edge has been significantly improved in a thermonuclear dominant regime with up to 2.8 MA of plasma current in the JT-60U tokamak. The core plasma energy is efficiently confined due to the existence of persistent internal transport barriers formed for both ions and electrons at a large minor radius of r/a{approximately}0.7 near the boundary of the reversed shear region. In an assumed deuterium-tritium fuel, the peak fusion amplification factor defined for transient conditions involving the dW/dt term would be in excess of unity. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

Upon platelet activation by a high shear stress (108 dyne cm 2 ), actin and actin-binding protein increased rapidly into the Triton-insoluble cytoskeleton, whereas the association of myosin increased gradually. The amounts of cytoskeleton-associated myosin depended on the extent of aggregation. Preceding the maximal aggregation and ATP secretion, the 20 kDa light chain of myosin (MLC) is rapidly phosphorylated to approx. 45 % of 20 kDa MLC and is then dephosphorylated. Cytoskeletal association of myosin and phosphorylation of 20 kDa MLC was inhibited by OP-41483, a prostaglandin I2 analog, which inhibited the full aggregation response to shear stress. Exposure to high shear stress resulted in an increased association of myosin light chain kinase and protein phosphatase types 1 and 2A with the cytoskeleton, while the cytoskeletal association of protein kinase C was not evident These results indicate that 20 kDa MLC phosphorylation is involved in shear stress-induced platelet activation, and that cytoskeletal association of protein phosphatases may regulate the phosphorylation level of cytoskeletal elements such as myosin together with myosin light chain kinase.

A novel melt-growth technique, or a melt-growth under varying oxygen pressure (MG-VOP) method in which the oxygen partial pressure is increased to solidify the initial melt, has been employed to obtain textured bulk samples consisting of a superconducting phase, YBa2Cu3O7−δ (Y-123), and a secondary (non-superconducting) phase, Y2BaCuO5 (Y-211). The Jc values of such samples reached as high as 40,000 A/cm2 (at 65 K) even under a high magnetic field of H=3 T, to exhibit a peak in the Jc- vs -H relation, i.e. a peak effect. To understand the mechanism of such a peak effect and the high values of Jc at high magnetic fields, sub-micron structures of the MG-VOP processed samples were examined by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the distributions of both Y-211 particles and twin boundaries were studied. In order to collect microstructural data for statistical analyses, TEM specimens were prepared using a focused ion-beam (FIB) thinning technique. TEM-observable area of such a specimen was as wide as 20×20 (μm)2. A statistical analysis of the TE micrographs yielded the fraction of the Y-211 phase, the average size of Y-211 grains and the inter-twin-boundary distance for each sample. It is concluded that a sample that has the higher twin-boundary density possesses the higher Jc value under a high magnetic field in the vicinity of the peak, while fine Y-211 particles are likely to contribute to the Jc value only at very low fields.

A case of a periosteal chondroma occuring in the great toe is reported. A 17-year-old man presented with a nail deformity progressing over a 3-year period. Plain radiographs showed only cortical irregularity of the phalanx. The diagnosis was aided by computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging which revealed a juxtacortical mass measuring 10 × 10 mm without intramedullary extension.

Plasma-soluble fibrin monomer (SFM) level in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was significantly higher than the level in patients with pre-DIC or in non-DIC patients, and the level in patients with pre-DIC was significantly higher than that in non-DIC patients. There was no significant difference in plasma SFM levels among various diseases underlying DIC. Plasma SFM level in patients with good outcome was significantly decreased after treatment for DIC. The sensitivity of fibrin degradation products and platelet number was high for DIC, but not for pre-DIC. The sensitivity of thrombin-antithrombin III complex, plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex, and SFM was high for both DIC and pre-DIC. The specificity of these markers was also high. Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggests that plasma SFM level could be the most useful marker for the diagnosis of both DIC and pre-DIC.

We examined red cell fragmentation syndrome (RCFS) induced by mitomycin C (MMC) (13 patients), by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) (17 patients), and by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (15 patients). Plasma cytokine levels were increased in the TTP and DIC patients, but not in those whose RCFS was induced by MMC, suggesting that the activation of the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RCFS due to TTP and DIC but did not in RCFS due to MMC. Plasma thrombomodulin, tissue type plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-I levels were increased in all RCFS patients, suggesting that RCFS, whether MMC induced, or due to TTP or DIC, might be associated with vascular endothelial cell injury. In TTP, von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen and high molecular weight vWF multimer levels were reduced, possibly as a result of microthrombus consumption. The hemostatic data in this study showed that the TTP patients were in a hypercoagulable state without hyperfibrinolysis, and that DIC patients were in both a hypercoagulable and a hyperfibrinolytic state, whereas hemostatic abnormalities were slight in patients with MMC induced RCFS. These findings suggest that vascular endothelial cell injuries might be associated with RCFS, and that those injuries in MMC-induced RCFS might not be related to microthrombi or an activated immune system.

Plasma thrombin-antithrombin 111 complex (TAT), FDP-D-dimer, activated protein C (APC)-protein C inhibitor (PCI) complex, and tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA), PA inhibitor-1 (PAI-I) were significantly increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at onset. These patients exhibited a hypercoagulable state and protein C activation at onset. The plasma PCI level at onset of AMI was within the normal range, but was significantly decreased after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). After PTCA, plasma t-PA, FDP-D-dimer, and plasmin-a,-plasmin inhibitor were increased but APC-PCI complex and TAT were not. The decrease in PCI after PTCA may have been caused by the activation of fibrinolysis. PCI may play an important role in the inhibition of fibrinolysis in stimulated or damaged endothelial cells. These findings suggest that the protein C pathway plays an important role in the onset of AMI and after PTCA. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

SummaryWe examined 395 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) divided into two groups: non-leukemic and leukemic. In 58% of the patients as a whole, treatment of DIC resulted in complete or partial remission, while exacerbation and death occurred in 31%. The efficacy of DIC treatment in the non-leukemic group was less than that in the leukemic group, indicating that the outcome of DIC depended, in part, on the underlying disease. We examined hemostatic indicators in relation to DIC score: prothrombin time (PT) ratio, FDP, platelet count, and fibrinogen levels were found to be important indicators for the diagnosis of DIC, but not for Pre-DIC. Plasma levels of fibrin-D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), and plasmin- plasmin inhibitor complex (PPIC) were significantly increased in pre-DIC. The efficacy of treatment in relation to the DIC score when the treatment was begun showed that greater efficacy was achieved in pre-DIC than in DIC patients. The outcome was poorer with increasing DIC score, suggesting that early diagnosis and early treatment are important. On examining the relationship between outcome and hemostatic indicators, we found that the PT ratio and the levels of antithrombin, plasminogen, PPIC, the PPIC/TAT ratio, and thrombomodulin were related to outcome, suggesting that very high consumption of blood coagulation factors, liver dysfunction, hypofibrinolysis, or organ failure caused a poor outcome. Although the outcome in DIC patients may not depend substantially on plasma levels of TAT and fibrin-D- dimer, we can use these indicators to treat DIC patients at an early stage.

This case is reported to raise awareness of herpes simplex encephalitis as a persisting brain disorder. A 66 year old immunocompetent man developed status epilepticus and died of pneumonia in the course of progressive hemiparesis, cognitive decline, and atrophy of the brain over a five year period after herpes simplex encephalitis. In addition to a completely destroyed left temporal lobe, necropsy revealed active encephalitis consisting of necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration with a large number of intranuclear inclusions in the neurones and glial cells in the markedly oedematous parenchyma of the right frontal and parietal lobes. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry, HSV-1 DNA by in situ hybridisation, and herpes simplex virus nucleocapsids by electronmicroscopy. These clinical and pathological findings suggest that direct viral reactivation might result in a relapse of herpes simplex encephalitis, causing progressive clinical deterioration associated with the persistence of HSV-1 in the brain. This is the first case report demonstrating HSV-1 antigen, HSV-1 DNA, and herpes simplex virus nucleocapsids in a case of relapsing herpes simplex encephalitis.

Plasma levels of the vascular endothelial cell markers, thrombomodulin (TM), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were measured in 55 patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD). TM, PAI-1 and vWF antigen levels were significantly increased in patients before HD, but t-PA antigen was not Compared with levels before HD, t-PA and vWF antigens were significantly increased 1 h after HD and at the end of HD. TM antigen was significantly increased 1 h after HD, and plasma PAI-1 antigen was decreased at the end of HD. TM and vWF antigen levels were negatively correlated with the time (years) on HD. It is concluded that HD may cause endothelial cell damage and that the increases in plasma TM, PAI-1 and vWF levels before HD, and the decrease in the release of TM and vWF antigens from vascular endothelial cells, might be caused by vascular endothelial cell damage from long-term HD.

With the goal of utilizing oxide superconductors as long wires in electric power applications, high-critical current density (J/sub c/) YBaCuO (YBCO) thin film was prepared on metal substrate with a good buffer at 700 degrees C by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The best YBCO film on in-plane-aligned yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ

The upper critical field (Hc2) by a SQUID magnetization measurement was investigated for an organic superconductor, κ-(BEDT-TTF-d8)2Cu(NCS)2 with Tc=11.1 K. The linear temperature dependence of Hc2 between 11 K and 5 K was obtained, which is consistent to Ginzburg-Landau theory. However, this determined Hc2 was totally different from the Hc2 defined by a resistivity recovery with applying field, which shows an anomalous upward curve with decreasing temperature. The difference is discussed in terms of a flux flow.

The direct crystallization of the YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ orthorhombic superconducting phase from the solution of the 123 composition has been realized by a rapid solidification using a laser zone melting method. This method is characterized by two processing parameters: the temperature gradient (G) and the growth rate (R). Under the higher G and R conditions, the nonequilibrium phase transformation occurred, and the direct crystallization of the orthorhombic phase from the melt of the 123 composition was realized. An as-grown solidification sample exhibited superconducting phase transition at 94 K, according to a magnetization measurement. The structure in which Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ fine particles dispersed homogeneously was obtained in the lower R region. It is possible to use this structure as a long and narrow precursor for the melt process. By annealing at 1000 degrees C, the critical current density of the sample was 1.5*10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K, 0 T, according to a magnetization measurement.

Recent lower hybrid current drive (LHCD), and heating (LHH) experiments on JT-60 are reported. The current drive product of neRpIRF approximately 12.5*1019 m-2 MA was achieved at the LH power of approximately 4.5 MW, and the CD efficiency, the energy confinement, the global power balance and the heat load on divertor plates were investigated in high power LHCD plasmas. Nearly steady state H-mode discharges were found during LHCD with two different frequency injections. Sawtooth suppression in NB heated plasmas by LHCD have shown an improvement in confinement near the plasma center. Parametric instabilities in LH heating experiments were significantly reduced by increasing the plasma current, and the stored energy increased linearly with heating power of up to approximately 9 MW at ne approximately 7*1019 m-3 and Ip=2.75 MA. Parametric instabilities near the plasma edge in the ion heating regime were also reduced in peaked density plasmas produced by pellet injection and LH waves increased the central plasma pressure at ne(0) > 1.4*1020 m-3.

Because of its excellent insulating characteristics cross-linked polyethylene has been used widely as an insulating material for electric wires and cables. However, from the viewpoint of recycling, a thermal recycling process such as liquefaction becomes the main technique, because cross-linking makes it difficult to plasticize although cross-linked polyethylene is a high quality material with quite a small amount of foreign material and impurities. We developed a material recycling technique that cuts cross-linking parts of cross-linked polyethylene by using super-critical water technology and makes it possible to reuse them as a thermoplastic resin. As a result, it was possible to re-cross-link the thermoplastic polyethylene that was obtained by super-critical water processing, and the resulting characteristics were confirmed to be nearly equivalent to those before processing.

CFD simulations of crossflows around a 2-D circular cyliner and the resulting vortex shedding from the cylinder are conducted in the present study. The capability of the CFD solver for vortex shedding simulation from a circular cylinder is validated in terms of the induced drag and lifting forces and associated Strouhal numbers computations. The validations are done for uniform horizontal fluid flows at various Reynolds numbers in the range 10 to the 3rd to 5x10 to the 5th. Crossflows around the circular cylinder beneath a free surface are also simulated in order to investigate the characteristics of the interaction between vortex shedding and a free surface at Reynolds number 5x10 to the 5th. The influence of the presence of the free surface on the vortex shedding due to the cylinder is discussed., 22nd Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 8-13 June 2003, Cancun, Mexico

We propose a novel information integration architecture for a man-machine interface and a new CSCW system called open cooperative work space (OCoWS) for its implementation. The architecture gives system users the advantage of a cooperative work space, in the style of an ordinary meeting by means of human sensing techniques as the system input interface and the integration of their results in several levels. As a result, users can dedicate themselves to mutual understanding among meeting members with no awareness of direction to the CSCW system.

The paper describes the design policy and prototype data collection of RWC (Real World Computing Program) multimodal database. The database is intended for research and development on the integration of spoken language and visual information for human computer interactions. The interactions are supposed to use image recognition, image synthesis, speech recognition, and speech synthesis. Visual information also includes non-verbal communication such as interactions using hand gestures and facial expressions between human and a human-like CG (computer graphics) agent with a face and hands. Based on the experiments of interactions with these modes, specifications of the database are discussed from the viewpoint of controlling the variability and cost for the collection.

We propose a method to recognize human speech without the restriction that the speaker should be close to the microphone for the multiple modal interface. This method has the following features: 1) to control the microphone directivity for improvement of S/N ratio by using the speaker's position estimated by the result of gesture recognition, 2) to compose the impulse response of the transfer characteristic between speakers and microphones into reference data of the recognition system. We describe the active microphone method in detail, and show its effectivity through several experiments. Then, we discuss the results.

Research on recurrent neural networks using evolutionary algorithms has begun with the aim of reducing the workload of network designers. Nevertheless, there have so far been no examples of studies of the non-periodic time series problem for which the recurrent neural networks are needed. We treat the synthesis of recurrent neural networks for the study of chaos dynamics using previously proposed two-dimensional genetic algorithms (2-D GAs). The 2D genetic algorithms are an extension of genetic programming to the synthesis of neural networks. The Lorenz orbit used as the training signal is normally a non-periodic orbit that undergoes continuous chaotic change. Accordingly, a recurrent neural network synthesized by a 2D GA is normally in the learning process. It is demonstrated that the output of a recurrent neural network that has a learning process synthesized by a 2D GA represents changes from a fixed point to a limit cycle and then changes again to the Lorenz attractor. That is to say, it is demonstrated that the hidden order of chaos dynamics can be learned. In future work we plan to perform experiments using more complex problems to verify the adaptability of neural networks synthesized with 2D GA.

During a study meeting of the Japan International Cooperation Agency's Viet Nam Project, two experts reported on recent visits to the reproductive health project in Nghe An Province, Viet Nam. Dr. Shoko Nagaya made advisory visits to the project in June and November 1998. He observed activities in 7 of the 8 districts covered and 1 of the 11 districts not covered. He was especially interested in the effects of project training on the staff of the 244 Commune Health Centers (CHCs) who oversee prenatal care and delivery. He found that the training of the mobile team members of the District Health Centers (DHCs) resulted in positive supervisory support to the CHCs. He also spoke to key personnel at the provincial Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Center (MCH/FPC) to encourage them to achieve project sustainability. His overall impression was that the project should be expanded nationwide. Dr. Michiko Chosa made three visits to the project to transfer hospital management techniques to the MCH/FPC. In particular, he taught personnel a five-point Japanese system of making priorities, putting things in order, practicing self-hygiene, cleaning, and creating habits. Chosa found that his efforts were increasingly accepted by the staff, which was eager to become a model for the DHCs and CHCs.

For the requirement of HTS facility cooling, we propose oil-free simple turbo-type refrigerator. The working gas is a helium and neon mixture. Two single-stage turbo compressors and two expansion turbines are applied to the cycle. The rotor consists of the compressor impeller, turbine impeller and driving motor, and is supported by foil type gas bearing. The refrigerator requires two rotating machines with excellent reliability and compactness, and the motor power required is 72.5 kW for a refrigeration load of 6 kW. For the cooling of power cable, sub-cooled pressurized liquid nitrogen and a circulation pump must be provided. If the estimated distance between inter-cooling stations is quite long, for example 5 km, plural refrigerators may be set up on one cooling station.

The National Institute for Longevity Sciences--Longitudinal Study of Aging (the NILS-LSA) started in 1997, and involves many kinds of examination. The objective of this paper is to outline the eye examinations in the NILS-LSA. The eye examinations consist of checks on refractometry, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, contrast sensitivity, kinetic visual acuity, visual fields, fundus photography, and lens estimation. The subjects were 1,077 men and women aged 40-79 years who participated in the first year examination of the NILS-LSA. All subjective measurements (distant visual acuity, kinetic visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and mean sensitivity of visual field) declined significantly from the 50s. Age-related structural changes in the lens or hypertensive and arteriosclerotic changes in retinal vessels began at least in the 40s. It is suspected that aging affects the subjective visual functions from the 50s. However, changes in the structure of eye may begin before the 40s. The data from the eye examinations of the NILS-LSA are useful to assess the aging effects on vision and to investigate the relationship between visual function and physical or psychosocial health problems among the elderly.

We developed cable conductors consist of transposed segments made of Ag-Mg-Sb alloy sheathed Bi-2223 tapes developed by Showa electric wire & cable co., LTD.. One transposed segment consists of 5 Ag-Mg-Sb alloy sheathed tapes. The segments were wound spirally on former in order to construct the cable conductor. At a.c. loading, a comparison of the current phase between the five tapes in a segment shows good agreement and the phase was in good agreement with the phase of the conductor. And, the amplitude between these tapes showed good agreement. From these results, the current was sharing equally to each tape in the transposed segment conductor. The a.c. loss exhibited about the cubic dependence of the current and about the proportional of the frequency.