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The present study is conducted to investigate how long the effect of feeding high grains is sustained in the rumen and how this changed or adapted rumen environment is going to affect the hoof health in approximately 10 weeks. Crossbred cows (18) from university dairy farm were divided into 2 groups keeping equal number of animals with same parity in both. Animals in the feeding group were fed with high grain diets for 75 days. The pH, sodium, potassium and different fractions of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) of rumen liquor were studied every fortnight. All the animals were evaluated for foot lesions before the start of experiment and then at the end of feeding trial. A significant decrease in rumen liquor pH and sodium concentration was observed in the feeding group animals with the progress of time. TVFA concentration increased in the feeding group with rise in acetate, propionate and butyrate levels at the end of the trial. High prevalence of heel erosions, white line haemorrhages, white line fissures and overgrown soles were observed in the feeding group animals at the end of trial along with an increase in rear leg view index. It was concluded that constant feeding of non-structural carbohydrates may increase total volatile fatty acids and frequency of claw lesions in crossbred dairy cattle.

Purpose: The present scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic, together with technological advancements, has provoked unprecedented turbulence in the education system, notably in universities, disrupting their conventional teaching and learning processes. Despite government support, teachers and students faced numerous challenges in the online teaching and learning process than expected. Extensive research has been undertaken to investigate the context of online education from the perspective of students, but less emphasis has been given to examining the views of teachers. Thus, the study aimed to explore attitudes of academics towards online teaching during the COVID-19 outbreak. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted in Sri Lanka, with the population consisting of academics representing all state universities. An email survey was conducted randomly, and 355 academics responded to a Google form, out of which 332 refined questionnaires were used for analysis. Multi-item reflective indicators were used to operationalize the research constructs on a 7-point Likert scale. The face, content, and construct validities were ensured appropriately. The reflective-reflective two-stage hierarchical approach with disjoint option was applied to analyze the data using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) model. After rigorous and careful examination of data, the descriptive statistics revealed that the university academics are pretty distressed with their Internet connections and facilities at home to conduct online lectures. Findings: Active student participation was just above the average, while teacher's attitudes towards online education, their willingness to continue it further seem quite unsatisfactory. Teacher readiness for online education appears to be acceptable only to a certain extent. The key findings of the study disclosed that the attitudes towards online teaching are determined by perceived usefulness, teacher readiness, perceived student participation whereas active student participation, a conducive teaching environment and institutional support have no significant impact on attitude towards online teaching. Further, the study contributed to the education literature analyzing online education in the Sri Lankan context. Originality/value: This study sparked the debate and contributed to the literature exploring the concept from the side of teachers in which attitudes of teachers towards online teaching in Sri Lankan Contest.

Accelerated diagnostic of plasma plays a significant role in controlling and optimizing plasma-mediated processing, particularly for plasma with higher temporal and spatial gradients, such as laser produced plasma (LPP). In the present work, two advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms, random forest regression, and gradient boosting regression are integrated with noninvasive collisional radiative (CR) model-based optical diagnostics to facilitate accurate diagnostics. A comprehensive fine-structure resolved CR model framework is developed by incorporating our consistent cross section data obtained from the Relativistic Distorted Wave method [Suresh et al., "Fully relativistic distorted wave calculations of electron impact excitation of gallium atom: Cross sections relevant for plasma kinetic modelling," Spectrochim. Acta B: At. Spectrosc. 213, 106860 (2024)]. An extensive dataset of CR model simulated intensities is created to train and test the ML methods. The present CR model is applied to characterize the Gallium LPP coupling with the optical emission spectroscopic measurements of Guo et al. ["Time-resolved spectroscopy analysis of Ga atom in laser induced plasma," Laser Phys. 19, 1832–1837 (2009)] at different delay times. Further, a detailed correlation study of the line intensity ratios is performed to observe the qualitative behavior of the plasma parameters. The electron temperature results obtained from the CR model, ML, and line ratio methods were compared and found to be in excellent agreement. Overall, the present study demonstrates diagnostic approaches that can benefit the LPP community significantly by providing a rapid understanding of the plasma behavior across various operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of movie as an audio-visual multimodal tool has been extensively researched, and the studies prove that they play a vital role in enhancing communicative competence. Incorporating authentic materials like movies, television series, podcasts, social media, etc., into language learning serves as a valuable resource for the learners, for it exposes them to both official and vernacular language. The current study aims to systematically analyze the preceding studies that conjoined English movies into the curriculum to teach English. It also examines and evaluates the empirical research that various researchers conducted from 2000 to 2023. The articles were primarily sourced from prominent academic databases such as ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in screening the 921 sources, of which 23 empirical studies were eligible for the review as a result of a three-stage data extraction process as shown in the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses" (PRISMA) chart. The extraction of data from the review encompasses an overview of the empirical studies, methodologies, participants, and interventions. The extracts were systematically analyzed using the software's End Note and Covidence. The analysis of the existing literature and experimental data substantiates that teaching and learning English as a second or foreign language using movies as teaching aids exhibit promising prospects for enhancing English language proficiency. The findings of the study reveal different genres of movies that aid the facilitator in producing effective instruction materials with clearly defined objectives and guided activities. It is also observed that the learners have a positive experience with long-term learning benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The development of technology in the arena of organ transplantation bloomed during 1980s in India. In later years, there was a shortage of organs as the rate of cadaver donation was quite low; therefore, this led to unethical and coerced practice in organ transplantation. The socioeconomic group that was most impacted by these activities consisted of individuals in dire need of funds and were prepared to trade with important organs in return for money. Methods: The study adopts a desk-based methodology, categorized into primary and secondary data. The primary data consist of analysis of the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act (THOTA), 1994 read with 2011 Amendment and 2014 Rules. Further various orders and resolutions of the Government of India, and committees constituted by the Center as well as Hon'ble High Court were analyzed. The Secondary data included analysis of parliamentary questions, and numerous judgments of Hon'ble Supreme Court of India and various High Courts across the country. Results: Various provisions of THOTA, 1994 should be re-examined. Due to rampant poverty, illicit organ trafficking is on a rise, with women targeted the most for kidneys, thus impacting the social structure of the society. The most trafficked organ among the liver, lungs, kidney, and heart is kidney. Conclusion: There is a dire need for health legislations with provisions to increase the donor pool. It is recommended that in addition to using the cadaver organ pool through road deaths and brain-dead victims, we should transition to both the presumed consent and opt-out method of permission and creating awareness of the donation of organs among the general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periparturient period is the most important and critical period in the life of dairy cows, as various alterations are seen in physiological and hormonal mechanism of dairy animals during this period due to which there is development of Negative energy balance in the body of animal resulting in various metabolic diseases in the animals. So for preventing these diseases it is important to predict these diseases well in advance. In order to predict these diseases, various prediction equations were created by using the values obtained from various metabolic parameters from the healthy and diseases animal during the periparturient period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, a Meander Delay System design using Caps-Triple GAN optimized with the Remora Optimization Algorithm (ROA) is proposed for the Internet of Things (IoT) application. For designing the Meander Microstrip Delay Line (MMDL) Antenna, the Capsule Triple generative adversarial network (Caps-Triple GAN) is used. The Caps-Triple GAN error and delay parameters are optimized using the ROA. Hence, the designed MMDL Antenna is available in the IoT application. The proposed method is executed in the commercial Sonnet software package. The performance of the proposed method is examined under performance metrics, such as delay time with resistance characteristic, one-step delay time resistance characteristic, delay time, one-step delay time, error, and speed. The prediction results of the proposed MMDL-CAPS-Triple GAN-ROA method predict lower delay times of 14.77%, 15.89%, and 11.50%, higher speed of 32.57%, 16.25%, and 8.44% compared with the existing methods, such as Prediction of the meander delay system parameters for internet-of-things devices utilizing a Pareto-optimal artificial neural network and multiple linear regression (MDS-ANN-MLR), Predicting the frequency characteristics of hybrid meander systems utilizing the feed-forward back propagation network (MDS-FFBPN), Frequency Characteristic Analysis of Meander Structures with Different Connecting Electrodes (MDS-MoM), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]