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BackgroundHemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute ischemic stroke is likely to occur in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and may lead to neurological deterioration and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Despite the complex inclusion and exclusion criteria for IVT and some useful tools to stratify HT risk, sICH still occurs in approximately 6% of patients because some of the risk factors for this complication remain unknown.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore whether there are any differences in circulating microRNA (miRNA) profiles between patients who develop HT after thrombolysis and those who do not.MethodsUsing qPCR, we quantified the expression of 84 miRNAs in plasma samples collected prior to thrombolytic treatment from 10 individuals who eventually developed HT and 10 patients who did not. For miRNAs that were downregulated (fold change (FC) 1.5) with p

The ear pinna is a complex tissue consisting of the dermis, cartilage, muscles, vessels, and nerves. Ear pinna healing is a model of regeneration in mammals. In some mammals, including rabbits, punch wounds in the ear pinna close spontaneously; in common-use laboratory mice, they remain for life. Agents inducing ear pinna healing are potential regenerative drugs. We tested the effects of selected bioactive agents on 2 mm ear pinna wound closure in BALB/c mice. Our previous research demonstrated that a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, zebularine, remarkably induced ear pinna regeneration. Although experiments with two other demethylating agents, RG108 and hydralazine, were unsuccessful, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid, was another epigenetic agent found to increase ear hole closure. In addition, we identified a pro-regenerative activity of 4-ketoretinoic acid, a retinoic acid metabolite. Attempts to counteract the regenerative effects of the demethylating agent zebularine, with folates as methyl donors, failed. Surprisingly, a high dose of methionine, another methyl donor, promoted ear hole closure. Moreover, we showed that the regenerated areas of ear pinna were supplied with nerve fibre networks and blood vessels. The ear punch model proved helpful in testing the pro-regenerative activities of small-molecule compounds and observations of peripheral nerve regeneration.

The subject of this study was to analyse the variation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seed orchard with regard to a complex of 9 morpho-anatomical traits of needles. The following measurements were carried out: needle length, number of resin canals, thickness of needle epidermis on adaxial side, mean width of needle epidermis cells on adaxial side, needle cross-section width, needle cross-section thickness, ratio of needle cross-section height to its cross-section width, or the. ratio of traits 6 to 5, distance of vascular bundles (in μm), Marcet’s coefficient, i.e. cross-section width x distance of vascular bundles divided by cross-section thickness, or trait 5 x trait 8 divided by trait 6. The intra-population variation of 150 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) clones form a seed orchard in Giedyle, Orneta Forest District in the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Olsztyn, was examined. The applied complex of traits was evaluated using a test of discriminatory power and the characterisations of traits and coefficients of correlation between them were calculated, as well as the degree of participation of particular traits in the construction of canonical values was assessed. The data being obtained from biometrical examination were the basis to perform statistical analyses: multivariate analysis of variance together with testing of statistical hypotheses and canonical variate analysis. The Mahalanobis distance between the trees was set and, based on their shortest values, a dendrite was constructed. With the method of agglomerative clustering,which is based on the nearest neighbourhood, the population homogeneity was examined. The Marcet’s coefficient and the distance between vascular bundles were found to be the traits which differentiate the population under stud y the best.

Artykuł analizuje terytorialne różnice w intensywności i cechach drobnej prywatnej przedsiębiorczości na Białorusi. Pod wieloma względami Białoruś dzieli się na część zachodnią i wschodnią. Linią podziału jest przedwojenna granica między Polską a ZSRR. Wschodnia część jest bardziej uprzemysłowiona i zurbanizowana: ludność miejska w tej części stanowi 76%, podczas gdy w zachodniej części - 60%. We wschodniej części znajdują się największe miasta kraju. Ludność tej części cechuje się też wyższym poziomem wykształcenia. Intensywność drobnej prywatnej przedsiębiorczości, mierzonej udziałem osób pracujących na własny rachunek i zatrudniających pracowników najemnych w całości ludności zawodowo czynnej, wykazuje wysoką korelację z poziomem urbanizacji i wykształcenia. Z tego powodu prywatna przedsiębiorczość jest najlepiej rozwinięta w mieście Mińsku i wschodniej części republiki. Jednakże na tych obszarach zachodniej i wschodniej części, które mają podobny poziom urbanizacji i wykształcenia, intensywność prywatnej przedsiębiorczości jest wyraźnie wyższa w części zachodniej. Badania przeprowadzone w dwu obwodach: grodzieńskim (zachód) i witebskim (w większości wschód) wykazały też różnice w postawach prywatnych przedsiębiorców. Ci pierwsi wykazują korzystniejsze cechy z punktu widzenia gospodarki rynkowej i konkurencyjności. Podczas, gdy ci pierwsi od państwa oczekują przede wszystkim dania im większej niezależności, ci drudzy - przede wszystkim państwowego wsparcia. Różnice te wynikają z przyczyn historycznych - krótszej przynależności do ZSRR i krótszego okresu gospodarki socjalistycznej, oraz od położenia przygranicznego - bliższych kontaktów Grodzieńszczyzny z krajami zaawansowanymi w rozwoju gospodarki rynkowej: Polski i Litwy.

Background: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute ischemic stroke is likely to occur in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and may lead to neurological deterioration and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Despite the complex inclusion and exclusion criteria for IVT and some useful tools to stratify HT risk, sICH still occurs in approximately 6% of patients because some of the risk factors for this complication remain unknown., Objective: This study aimed to explore whether there are any differences in circulating microRNA (miRNA) profiles between patients who develop HT after thrombolysis and those who do not., Methods: Using qPCR, we quantified the expression of 84 miRNAs in plasma samples collected prior to thrombolytic treatment from 10 individuals who eventually developed HT and 10 patients who did not. For miRNAs that were downregulated (fold change (FC) <0.67) or upregulated (FC >1.5) with p < 0.10, we investigated the tissue specificity and performed KEGG pathway annotation using bioinformatics tools. Owing to the small patient sample size, instead of multivariate analysis with all major known HT risk factors, we matched the results with the admission NIHSS scores only., Results: We observed trends towards downregulation of miR-1-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-133b and miR-376c-3p, and upregulation of miR-7-5p, miR-17-3p, and miR-296-5p. Previously, the upregulated miR-7-5p was found to be highly expressed in the brain, whereas miR-1, miR-133a-3p and miR-133b appeared to be specific to the muscles and myocardium., Conclusion: miRNA profiles tend to differ between patients who develop HT and those who do not, suggesting that miRNA profiling, likely in association with other omics approaches, may increase the current power of tools predicting thrombolysis-associated sICH in acute ischemic stroke patients. This study represents a free hypothesis-approach pilot study as a continuation from our previous work. Herein, we showed that applying mathematical analyses to extract information from raw big data may result in the identification of new pathophysiological pathways and may complete standard design works., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Stańczak, Wyszomirski, Słonimska, Kołodziej, Jabłoński, Stanisławska-Sachadyn and Karaszewski.)

Significance: Chemotherapy is a primary method to treat cancer. While chemotherapeutic drugs are designed to target rapidly dividing cancer cells, they can also affect other cell types. In the case of dermal cells and macrophages involved in wound healing, cytotoxicity often leads to the development of chronic wounds. The situation becomes even more severe when chemotherapy is combined with surgical tumor excision. Recent Advances: Despite its significant impact on patients' recovery from surgery, the issue of delayed wound healing in individuals undergoing chemotherapy remains inadequately explored. Critical Issues: This review aims to analyze the harmful impact of chemotherapy on wound healing. The analysis showed that chemotherapy drugs could inhibit cellular metabolism, cell division, and angiogenesis and lead to nerve damage. They impede the migration of cells into the wound and reduce the production of extracellular matrix. At the molecular level, they interfere with replication, transcription, translation, and cell signaling. This work reviews skin problems that patients may experience during and after chemotherapy and demonstrates insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these pathologies. Future Directions: In the future, the problem of impaired wound healing in patients treated with chemotherapy may be addressed by cell therapies like autologous keratinocyte transplantation, which has already proved effective in this case. Epigenetic intervention to mitigate the side effects of chemotherapy is also worth considering, but epigenetic consequences of chemotherapy on skin cells are largely unknown and should be investigated.

Epidermal stem cells, located in the skin, together with keratinocytes are transplanted in regenerative therapies, e.g., for the treatment of burns or other wounds. Here, we describe the protocol of their enzymatic isolation from human skin. It includes separation of the epidermis form the dermis by incubation with dispase followed by cell isolation for epidermis by digestion with trypsin. Cell isolated with this method can be seeded on collagen IV-coated dishes. The methods of analysis of epidermal stem cells markers (e.g., CD71, CD29) with flow cytometry and RT-PCR are also included., (© 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.)

The ear pinna is a complex tissue consisting of the dermis, cartilage, muscles, vessels, and nerves. Ear pinna healing is a model of regeneration in mammals. In some mammals, including rabbits, punch wounds in the ear pinna close spontaneously; in common-use laboratory mice, they remain for life. Agents inducing ear pinna healing are potential regenerative drugs. We tested the effects of selected bioactive agents on 2 mm ear pinna wound closure in BALB/c mice. Our previous research demonstrated that a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, zebularine, remarkably induced ear pinna regeneration. Although experiments with two other demethylating agents, RG108 and hydralazine, were unsuccessful, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid, was another epigenetic agent found to increase ear hole closure. In addition, we identified a pro-regenerative activity of 4-ketoretinoic acid, a retinoic acid metabolite. Attempts to counteract the regenerative effects of the demethylating agent zebularine, with folates as methyl donors, failed. Surprisingly, a high dose of methionine, another methyl donor, promoted ear hole closure. Moreover, we showed that the regenerated areas of ear pinna were supplied with nerve fibre networks and blood vessels. The ear punch model proved helpful in testing the pro-regenerative activities of small-molecule compounds and observations of peripheral nerve regeneration.