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Diversification and concentration represent essential two opposite trends in many economic phenomena. Monopoly and monopsony are the natural limits in any market's analysis and describe together the range or the amplitude of offer and demand in economics. A lot of statistical indicators or coefficients, quantifying the diversification versus concentration phenomenon (D vs. C), can reveal a market, optimal or not, full or empty, etc. The paper sheds the light on the relatively little explored concept of economic evolution from concentration to diversification across local markets, providing novel evidence on underlining the dominance of diversification process within regions. This paper has applied statistical structure variable-based methods for assessing spatial differentiation degree within housing construction economic activity in macroregion Siberia for the sample period from 2000:Q1 to 2020:Q4. We present empirical elasticities using the multivariate OLS model that summarize the diversification economic response to the increasing processes of urbanization and localization across the Siberian regions. Some final remarks offer a distinct profile of this Russian macroregion under the influence of demographical variability.

Background and Purpose: Despite scholarly interest in understanding the role of different determinants on entrepreneurs and their behavior, little is known about the relationship between entrepreneurial curiosity and innovativeness. This research explores the relationship between entrepreneurial curiosity, which motivates entrepreneurs to gather information about their business and innovativeness that motivate entrepreneurs to incorporate innovations into entrepreneurial processes.

Purpose: This article elaborates method for downsizing/rightsizing in public sector enterprises, commonly burdened by the number of employees. Our goal was to develop an understandable, quantitative, objective, reliable and efficient method. Design/methodology/approach: The method design criteria were practical applicability, minimisation of subjectivity and maximisation of procedural justice. Our approach analyses performance indicators, and the amount of invested work, computing variability of the productivity time-series in the observed period. Excessive variation of ratio between performance indicators and amount of invested work indicate downsizing/rightsizing needs, as explained in the article. Method is based on internal benchmarking and thus in the first iteration it gives larger headcount estimation than comparison with industrial leaders, or best public enterprises, but it converges towards optimal headcount in the longer time span with more iterations. Main findings: This method has been applied in 21 different public sector organisation during the successful processes of downsizing/rightsizing, which identified a total of 1 819 redundant workers among 18 806 total employees. After the implementation of our method, we found that the application was the fi rst successful massive downsizing program in that group of enterprises after more than five decades. Originality/value: A novel approach to analyse performance indicator as a measure to estimate downsizing/rightsizing goals. Conclusions/Recommendations: With such trait, it is appropriate as the fi rst step in convergence toward the optimal number of employees. The lateral output of our method is that it demonstrates care about employee performance, tracks it and observes inconsistencies, and it offers a chance to employees to increase productivity in order to avoid downsizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction to the paper starts from the natural hypothesis of uncom-pensated or partially compensated fl ows concerning the FDI flows in some of the ex-socialist, Central and Eastern European (CEEC-10) EU countries. In the first section, from the analysis of the association of FDI outputs and inflows, quantified percent of GDP, one naturally comes to is need to forecast output volumes in relation to FDI in-flows. Within the paper's methodology, a World Bank database for the CEEC-10 area (200 records) is being used, with the EViews software package, building a correlation matrix between a set of nine significant structural indicators selected. From the analysis of the correlation ratio values, other factors can also be extracted, which are useful in modeling FDI outflows, as a percentage structure of GDP, for the CEEC-10 group: trade balance, expressed as a percentage of GDP, and unemployment, expressed as a percentage of the totallabour force. The main results of the article concern the econometric modeling of outputs relative to FDI inflows, based on trade balance (all three of which are structurally expressed as percentages of GDP), and unemployment, expressed as a percentage of the total labour force, as well as the possible developmental hierarchies of the CEEC-10 economies in relation to the FDI life cycle and the need to compensate for the negative FDI inflows/outflows value. Some fi nal remarks highlight the heterogeneity of FDI inflows and outflows within the CEEC-10 group, as well as the potential of using structural models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The authors' answer to the second part of the title question is a threefold offer. First of all, they propose to improve the classic statistical ranking methods by capitalizing on the dynamic support of data series that are essentialized by the correlation or association ratio, as a structuring variable. Secondly, they provide an original method of ranking or hierarchizing a set of associative dynamics, or correlative evolutions. Lastly, they offer a disaggregation into partial equilibria turned into the analysis criteria of the general equilibrium theory through Nicholas Kaldor's magical square, which became the magic rectangle of Lionel Stoléru's strategy. All these three contributions are made in the standardized format of the sections of a paper of economic, statistical and econometric research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In terms of the criteria used, and also comprehensively, a classification of education, considered already classical in the light of its fundamental dimensions, is slightly ambiguous, even if it easy to state; education issues today demonstrate that the structural make-up of education as formal, non-formal and informal presents many aspects of interference, overlapping and transfer, inevitably leading to vague areas. Addressing the dimensions of education and integrated curriculum by applying the generalized fuzzy logic professed by the young Romanian Florentin Smarandache deciphers the intricacies and seems to solve the doubts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the central section of the article are described the beginnings of taxonomy in the universe of science, as well as its rigorous subsequent development, so as to emphasizes the role of three moments, books and personalities of major impact, not forgetting then to describe the development directions and the content of some modern solutions for a classification of sciences and scientific disciplines in the contemporary world of taxonomy, pedagogy and scientific research. A few final remarks stress the significance of creative endeavour in trying to adapt to an increasingly more dynamic and multiplying reality, due to requirements to delineate and classify in a more and more intense manner, not only in botany or biology, but also in some domains that are abstract in point of referentiality, but adaptive by adjusting to reality or harmonization of living together, such as the fields of education and human research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a special evolution of debt of Romania and Serbia, during and after the recently completed global recession, with a focus on public debt. After a brief theoretical introduction and an equally short review of the recent literature devoted to the subject, the authors stress both the common elements and the particular aspects of the upward trends of borrowing in the two economies, concluding with some final remarks and a tentative anticipation of short-term and medium-term evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction to the paper presents the main differences between inter-, trans-, multi- and cross-disciplinary research, both at a general theoretical level, and finally in practical terms, in rural and mountain tourism. Then there follows the detailed presentation, which makes up the main section of the paper, starting from the work methodology and results in researches of an economic, statistical, econometric, sociological, demographic, psychological, anthropological, linguistic, ethnographic, folkloric and cultural integrative type, going on to the specificity of the various approaches in programmes, projects and tourism policy. The main question that dominates the whole main section and the conclusions of the article refer to the current position of Romanian rural and mountain tourism, and is complemented by a number of solutions that could improve and even intensify the upward process of economic development of Romania through the added agency of rural and mountain tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a retrospective and a summary of the convergence of Romanian economy to the model of the European economy, from the transition to a stable market economy, through the pre-accession period, and also the post-accession to the European Union since 1 January 2007, with the declared intention of eventually joining the euro space or area. The retrospective is accompanied by an instrumental-statistical or reasoned introspection based on key indicators. Tourism, and especially its seasonality, is analyzed from the angle of their present and future impact on the national economy. The conclusions highlight the need for programs and policies meant to promote tourism development and diminish the seasonal character of tourist activities, with a higher contribution of mountain and rural tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the correlations between regional employment in public administration and several major phenomena, starting from the case of Romania's regions trying to find a territorial statistical solution for measuring the process itself. In this article, especially in its own methodology and methods, the territorial index is estimated as a result of the pressure of other major regional factors, synthesized by specific indicators and indices. The first section describes some conceptual and legal aspects of the regional employment level in public administration and contemporary statistical delimitation of regions in Romania. The second section underlines the originality of the methods and methodology, and the third section defines the three characteristics of the new solutions: the relative temporal, spatial and structural proportionality, the relative trends of an adequate econometric model, and the limits of regional concentration and diversification using the Gini-Struck coefficient in an ABC curve. The analysis of the complexity and impact of the new statistical instruments on regional employment in public administration, its characteristic Romanian limits and the final conclusion show that only an original methodology, some innovative methods and new statistical instruments lead to a better and adequate solution for an optimum level of employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reminder of this paper is the following: the first section of the paper defines public and external debt, and underlines the significances of these basic concepts in modern and global economy, describing some specific and distinct conceptual areas for the both notions, revealing statistical trends and using statistical indices or relative indicators during the second section, and finallz proposuing some mathematical solutions statisticallz tested in the complex notions of debts' econometric models. Some final remarks highlight the value of the two concepts in contemporary economy of Romania as exogenous variables in the two central sections. The paper remains an original one originality, and its originality consists of its precisely manner in addressing Romania's public and external debt in a simultaneously aggregated and transdisciplinary and conceptual way or research and thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to a spark of genius, a brainwave derived from Dimitrie Cantemir's inexhaustible thinking; among numberless other facets of that huge personality endowed with exceptional intellectual ability, also counts his capacity as the first shaper of Romanian statistical thinking, noticeable not so much in his often invoked'Descriptio Moldaviae', but especially his work, usually considered exclusively a philosophical book,'The Divan or the Argument of the Wise Man with the World'. The paper summarizes, after a short introduction of bibliographic nature, the main features of the great scholar's personality of a shaper or moulder of a Romanian school of statistical thinking, for all who read and understood him, for several centuries, after the publication, on 30 August 1698, of his aforementioned work, as an exercise in statistical thinking in the main, and only secondarily as an exericse of philosophical thought - a work considered to hold a special wisdom and breathtaking originality even today, in its inimitable depth and its objective and consistent vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]