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2. Protein supplements after weight loss do not improve weight maintenance compared with recommended dietary protein intake despite beneficial effects on appetite sensation and energy expenditure:a randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial

Author

Kjølbæk, Louise, Sørensen, Lone Brinkmann, Søndertoft, Nadja Buus, Rasmussen, Carrie Klestrup, Lorenzen, Janne Kunchel, Serena, Anja, Astrup, Arne, Larsen, Lesli Hingstrup, Kjølbæk, Louise, Sørensen, Lone Brinkmann, Søndertoft, Nadja Buus, Rasmussen, Carrie Klestrup, Lorenzen, Janne Kunchel, Serena, Anja, Astrup, Arne, and Larsen, Lesli Hingstrup

Abstract

Background: High-protein diets increase weight loss (WL) during energy restriction; therefore, it has been suggested that additional protein intake may improve weight maintenance (WM) after WL.Objective: We investigated the effect of protein supplements from either whey with or without calcium or soy on WM success after WL compared with that of a control.Design: In a randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial, 220 participants aged 18-60 y with body mass index (in kg/m(2)) from 27.6 to 40.4 were included. The study was initiated with an 8-wk WL period followed by a 24-wk WM period. During WM, participants consumed the following isocaloric supplements (45-48 g/d): whey and calcium (whey+), whey, soy, or maltodextrin (control). Data were collected at baseline, before WM, and after WM (weeks 0, 8, and 32, respectively) and included body composition, blood biochemistry, and blood pressure. Meal tests were performed to investigate diet-induced-thermogenesis (DIT) and appetite sensation. Compliance was tested by 24-h urinary nitrogen excretion.Results: A total of 151 participants completed the WM period. The control and 3 protein supplements did not result in different mean ± SD weight regains (whey+: 2.19 ± 4.6 kg; whey: 2.01 ± 4.6 kg; soy: 1.76 ± 4.7 kg; and control: 2.23 ± 3.8 kg; P = 0.96), fat mass regains (whey+: 0.46 ± 4.5 kg; whey: 0.11 ± 4.1 kg; soy: 0.15 ± 4.1 kg; and control: 0.54 ± 3.3 kg; P = 0.96), or improvements in lean body mass (whey+: 1.87 ± 1.7 kg; whey: 1.94 ± 1.3 kg; soy: 1.58 ± 1.4 kg; and control: 1.74 ± 1.4 kg; P = 0.50) during WM. Changes in blood pressure and blood biochemistry were not different between groups. Compared with the control, protein supplementation resulted in higher DIT (∼30 kJ/2.5 h) and resting energy expenditure (243 kJ/d) and an anorexigenic appetite-sensation profile.Conclusion: Protein supplementation does not result in improved WM success, or blood biochemistry after WL compared with the effects of normal dietary prote

Published
2017

3. Appetite and Energy Intake in Humans:Effect of Substitution of Food Ingredients and Foods

Author

Sørensen, Lone Brinkmann and Sørensen, Lone Brinkmann

Abstract

Summary Worldwide, the number of overweight and obese individuals has more than doubled since 1980: there were more than 1.4 billion overweight adults in 2008. Of these, more than 200 million men and nearly 300 million women were classified as obese. The cause for the worldwide increase in the prevalence of obesity is unknown but it is most probably due to two lifestyle factors: an increasingly sedentary lifestyle and increased availability of palatable foods with high energy density. Even small changes in energy intake, leading to a positive energy balance can lead to weight gain over time. Therefore, slight modifications in food intake, such as the substitution by energy-reduced foods or foods that affect appetite and thereby reduce energy intake, may prevent weight gain and even facilitate weight loss. The overall aim of this PhD project was to investigate whether substitution of an ingredient or a single food can affect appetite and reduce energy intake. Specific objectives were: 1. To compare the effects of sucrose versus artificial sweeteners on appetite sensations and ad libitum energy intake. 2. To compare the effect of the modified triacylglycerol salatrim versus traditional fat on appetite sensations, ad libitum energy intake and gastro-intestinal satiety hormones. 3. To compare the effect of dark chocolate versus milk chocolate on appetite sensations and ad libitum energy intake. In paper 1, the participants who received sucrose supplements had lower ratings of fullness and higher ratings of prospective food consumption between lunch and dinner, and after dinner than the participants who received artificial sweetener supplements. Both groups had a high energy intake during the test day, but the sucrose supplements induced a higher energy intake, compared with the artificial sweetener supplements. In paper 2, the modified triacylglycerol salatrim did not reduce energy intake, compa

Published
2014

4. Sucrose compared with artificial sweeteners:a clinical intervention study of effects on energy intake, appetite, and energy expenditure after 10 wk of supplementation in overweight subjects

Author

Sørensen, Lone Brinkmann, Vasilaras, Tatjana H, Astrup, Arne, Raben, Anne, Sørensen, Lone Brinkmann, Vasilaras, Tatjana H, Astrup, Arne, and Raben, Anne

Abstract

There is a lack of appetite studies in free-living subjects supplying the habitual diet with either sucrose or artificially sweetened beverages and foods. Furthermore, the focus of artificial sweeteners has only been on the energy intake (EI) side of the energy-balance equation. The data are from a subgroup from a 10-wk study, which was previously published.

Published
2014

17. The effect of the low-calorie fat Benefat-C-IP on appetite and energy intake

Author

Sørensen, Lone Brinkmann, Cueto, Theresa Heidi, Andersen, Maja Troest, Bitz, Christian, Holst, Jens Juul, Rehfeld, Jens F., Astrup, Arne, Sørensen, Lone Brinkmann, Cueto, Theresa Heidi, Andersen, Maja Troest, Bitz, Christian, Holst, Jens Juul, Rehfeld, Jens F., and Astrup, Arne

Published
2007

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