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O Exército Brasileiro (EB) realiza sessões de Treinamento Físico Militar (TFM) para desenvolvimento, manutenção e recuperação de padrões de desempenho físico de seu pessoal. Sua condução é fundamentada no C 20-20 (Manual de TFM). Precedendo o trabalho principal de uma sessão de TFM, é realizado um aquecimento, composto de alongamento e exercícios de efeitos localizados que podem ser estáticos ou dinâmicos. Fazem parte do trabalho principal, as sessões neuromusculares, das quais se destaca a musculação. A realização de um aquecimento apropriado permite a execução mais adequada do trabalho de força. O presente estudo comparou o efeito dos aquecimentos estático e dinâmico, bem como do alongamento, sobre o teste de força máxima em alunos do Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME). A amostra foi composta por 30 alunos do IME, do sexo masculino, com idade 19,58 ± 1,46 anos e massa corporal 67,31 ± 8,34 kg. Para avaliação da força máxima, foi realizado o teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM) no exercício de supino horizontal. O grupo não tinha experiência em musculação. A atividade foi realizada em três dias, com intervalos de 48 horas. No primeiro dia, foi conduzido, com toda a amostra, somente o alongamento (AL), seguido do teste de 1RM. Nos demais dias, antecedendo o teste, foram realizados os aquecimentos estáticos (AE) e dinâmicos (AD), compostos domesmo alongamento e dos respectivos exercícios de efeitos localizados. Nas três situações de estudo, para o início do teste de 1RM, observou-se o intervalo de até um minuto. Foram realizadas até três repetições no supino horizontal, intercaladas por três minutos de intervalo recuperador. Na realização do AL, foi obtido um resultado no teste de 1RM de 74,6 ± 15,96 kg, enquanto que no AE, 74,33 ± 16,27 kg e no AD, 74,87 ± 15,87 kg. Para apreciação das médias foi utilizada a ANOVA one way que não constatou diferenças significativas entre as formas de aquecimento (p= 0,992). Pelo teste post-hoc de Tukey, constatou-se a homogeneidade dos resultados no exercício de supino horizontal (p= 0,991, para α ≤ 0,05). Da análise dos dados, conclui-se que não houve diferença significativa no efeito provocado pelas diferentes formas de aquecimento sobre o teste de força máxima. Sugere-se, não só a realização de novos estudos com amostra experiente no trabalho contra-resistência, como também a aplicação de teste com características distintas do ora apresentado.

Bernardo de Brito follows the mythographic tradition that distinguishes two Hercules in the ancient genealogy of the kings of Spain and Lusitania: the Lybic or Egyptian and the Greek or Theban. He interprets the myth from the standpoint of the social, political and religious processes involved in historic course, so as to magnify the Portuguese past by valuing the archetype of Lusitania in the historiographic record. As a historic and cultural representation of the invaders of the territory, the two versions of the myth tend to be lusitanized since the Lybic Hercules is portrayed as the benefactor and the responsible for the peopling and memory preservation, whereas the Theban is characterized as the argonautic warrior and the liberator., Bernardo de Brito sigue la tradición mitográfica que distingue dos Hércules en la genealogía antigua de los reyes de España y Lusitania: líbico o egipcio, y griego o tebano. Interpreta el mito a la luz de los procesos socio-políticos y religiosos que marcaron el proceso histórico, con el objetivo de ennoblecer el pasado de Portugal por medio de la valoración, en el registro historiográfico, del arquetipo de la Lusitania. En su calidad de representación histórico-cultural de los invasores del territorio, las dos versiones del mito tienden a lusitanizarse partiendo de la atribución al Hércules líbico de las funciones de poblador, bienhechor y constructor de memoria, y al tebano as de guerrero argonáutico y libertador., Bernardo de Brito suit la tradition mythographique qui distingue deux Hercules dans la généalogie ancienne des rois d’Espagne et de la Lusitanie: Libique ou Egyptien et Grec ou Thébain. Il interprète le mythe à la lumière des processus socio-politiques et religieux qui marquèrent le processus historique, dans l’objectif d’exalter, par le biais de la valorisation de l’archétype de la Lusitanie, le passé du Portugal dans le registre historiographique. En tant que représentation historicoculturelle des envahisseurs du territoire, les deux versions du mythe tendent à se lusitaniser, l’Hercule Libique possédant les fonctions de colon, de bienfaiteur et de constructeur de mémoire, et le Thébain celles de guerrier argonautique et libérateur., Bernardo de Brito segue a tradição mitográfica que distingue dois Hércules na genealogia antiga dos reis de Espanha e da Lusitânia: Líbico ou Egípcio, e Grego ou Tebano. Interpreta o mito à luz dos processos sócio-políticos e religiosos que mar-caram o processo histórico, com o objectivo de notabilizar o passado de Portugal, por meio da valorização, no registo historiográfico, do arquétipo da Lusitânia. Enquanto representação histórico-cultural dos invasores do território, as duas versões do mito tendem a lusitanizar-se, a partir da atribuição ao Hércules Líbico das funções de povoador, benfeitor e construtor de memória, e ao Tebano as de guerreiro argonáutico e libertador.

1. The present paper represents the final report of the experiment about the constancy in a clon of the orange "Baianinha" which has been studied during the past four years. 2. The trees were obtained by grafting buds taken from one tree, 17-2, of the "Asilo" in Piracicaba, on non-selected seedling root stock of sour orange. 3. The fruits were collected separately for each tree and their diameter (in mm) determined. The test "within-between" showed clearly that the variation between the means of trees and within trees are of a totally different order, the former being about 10 times bigger than the latter. 4. Thus it was necessary to use other tests in order to be able to find out whether the trees form a uniform sample or not. A X²-test was carried out for the mean diameters of the 217 trees included in the experiment in 1937 and demonstrated the existence of an accentuated heterogeneity. The same method however could not be applied in the analysis of later years in view of the reduced number of trees. It was necessary therefore to device another test for the data of these years with 44 or 43 trees each only. In carrying out this "test of seguence" the mean diameters were arranged according to their magnitude and were given accordingly numbers of order. The probability was then calculated with which a tree may obtain by chance and in successive years such numbers of order as registered (quadro V). Fuller details are given in the test of this paper and shall be published elsewhere as well. The results of this test were in accordance with those obtained with the X²-test. 5. The trees do not form a uniform sample as explained above. Two types of heterogeneity exist: a) The variation between trees is of an entirely different order as the variation within trees, with of 7,2 to 16,5 (guadro III). It may be remembered that ft (Brieger) is identical with Vf (Snedecor) and e z (Fisher). b) The variation between trees is highly heterogeneous as shown by the x2-test (guadro IV) and the "test of sequence" (quadro V). It was possible to separate the sample into three groups : the type "Baianinha Piracicaba" with a medium mean fruit diameter per tree, the "Baía" with large fruits and the new type "Baianinha Araras" with small fruits. 6. The experimental plot was selected as beeing reasonably uniform. The statistical analysis however revealed significant, though not very important heterogeneities which can only be partially responsible for the variations between trees mentioned above (quadro VI). 7. There is a constant negative linear correlation between the number of fruits per tree and the mean fruit diameter, the coefficient r beeing the same in all years and equal to 0.5 (quadro X). On the average, a loss of 1 mm in mean diameter corresponds to a gain of 50 fruits per tree. 8. The error within trees both when comparing the errors per tree in the same year or of different years showed significant variations which are however without much praticai importance. The annual means of these errors (sD) vary from 4,69 mm in 1937 to 7,56 mm in 1939 (quadro VIII). 9. The error within trees cannot be used as a reliable measure since the variations within trees are highly abnormal, restricted by two physiological limits which prevent the appearance of very small or very large fruits and show sometimes a tendency to asymetry and bimodality. 10. The possible causes for the abnormal variation "within" were studied in some detail. The only positive result was obtained when comparing the production on older branches with that on recent strong off-shoots. In some case it was possible to collect the fruits on these components of a tree separately, the older branches forming the lower and the other the top parts of the tree (fig. 7). The latter produce always larger fruits (quadro IX and fig. 2). 11. Heterogeneity of the root stocks seems to be the most probable cause of the heterogeneity between trees. It has been shown by other experiments, not yet published, that all species used as root stocks in this country are highly variable which is not astonishing since there has not yet been any selection for root stocks (fig. 8a to 10b). A-similar variation has been found by Webber for the Californian sour orange. 12. The existence of effects of root stocks on scion, besides the appearance of general incompatibilities, has been shown in the extensive studies of Hatton. Webber (12) demonstrated correlations between root stock and the trunk area, top volume and total yield of scion in Washington Navel budded on sour orange in California. Gurgel (3) found an influence of various root stocks on pollen fertility in the "Pera" orange and the grape fruit "March seedless". Further experiments, already under way, will show if our hypothesis about the effect of the root stock on number and diameter of the fruits of the scion is correct. 13. The variation of seedlings in Citrus cannot be due exclusively to the occurrence of sexual reproduction besides simple apogamy as supposed by Webber. This author assumed that all variants were due to the appearance of embryos from normally fertilized eggs. However histological complications seem to occur which cause variations also within the apogamous offspring. 14. The praticai value of the new type "Araras" in contrast to "Piracicaba" is illustrated in figures 4 and 5 and quadro XIII. The proportion of larger fruits of the commercial types of "126" to "80" is very small in "Araras". Under the pre-war conditions the type "126" was still exportable without loss while the larger fruits could not be exported at all. Thus it would be of great economic value to establish definitely the new type "Baianinha Araras".

1) - The present paper contains the results of the analysis of homogeneity in an experiment on the fertilization of the orange "Baía" (Washington Navel), in progress since 1932 in the Experiment Station of the Instituto Agronômico do Estado de São Paulo, at Limeira, São Paulo, Brasil. Such an experiment has to be divided into two phases': a preliminary period during which the trees remain without fertilizer in order to study their production and the homogeneity of the experimental plots, and the final period during which the different treatments are to be applied. The trees entered into production in 1938. It was decided to close up the first period after three harvestings, viz., in 1938, 1939 and 1940. The number of yields at our disposal remained thus very small. The trees, requiring urgent fertilization, began to be treated in 1941. 2) - Special care was taken while selecting a suitable, homogenous, minimum area of 233.600 sq. m. where to plot the experiment. Sour orange rootstocks from non selected seeds were subjected to a rigorous selection before budding. The buds were taken from two selected trees of heigh quality "Baía" variety. 3) - Every year the total number of fruits and their total weight in kg per tree were determined. These data were then subjected to a detailed statistical analysis, the results of which are presented in this paper. 4) - In spite of all precautions taken beforehand the plots proved to be highly heterogeneous. After some preliminary and afterwards discarded trials in grouping trees, the following sub-division of the whole experiment indicated in the graphs 2 and 3, was adopted : groups of 8 trees each, surrounded completely by a barrier of one row of other trees of "Baía" were considered as unit plots. 6 unit plots (or "parcelas") form a sub-bloc and 4 sub-blocs form a bloc. We have thus a total of 7 blocs, numbered I, II, etc.,all of equal size and form ; 7x4 = 28 sub-blocs ; 28x6 = 168 plots and finally 168 x 8 = 1344 trees. 5 of these trees had to be eliminated owing to poor development, thus 5 of the "parcelas" were left with 7 trees only. The results of the decomposition of the total errors in accordance with this subdivision are given in quadro I. 5) - The analysis of the variation within sub-blocs has been carried out both in a summarized form (quadro I) and individually (quadros II to V). The error "within" was decomposed into 3 parts : "between" of 6 trees each, "between" 6 lines or plots of 8 plants each and the remaining experimental error. In spite of the fact that all these errors "between" were statisticaly significant, the quotients were so small that they can be considered as without practical importance. Thus for all practical purposes, the sub-blocs may be considered as made up by homogenous uniform samples and the whole error within sub-blocs (4th line of quadro I) may be considered as a good estimate of the residual, inevitable experimental error. 6) - The variation between sub-blocs, within blocs, both considered jointly (3rd line of quadro I) and separatedly (quadro VI) is of higher order and the ft's are partially highly significant. In spite of this, these errors which may be considered as a reasonable measure of soil heterogeneity within blocs, do not indicate too great a lack of homogeneity. 7) - The variation between the seven blocs (2nd line of quadro I) is of such an order that it cannot be disregarded any more. A joint analysis of all blocs does not seem advisable. It cannot be decided yet whether a "confounding" of the 7 blocs, after application of the treatments, may be possible or not. In order to provide a method of checking the advisability of "confounding", test plots are to be reserved, one in each of the four sub-blocs of each bloc. 8) - The 4 x 7 = 28 test plots or controlls may possibly be used also to establish adjusted means which may serve in the comparison of treatment plots, localised between the test plots. The proposed distribution of these controlls is indicated in graph 2. Their arrangement will permit, in the future, a continuation of the analysis of soil heterogeneity over the whole area. 9) - As mentioned before about two thirds of the trees came from buds of one tree of "Baía" "1" and the remainder of another tree "2". The position of these two types of plants in the plots is given in the graph 2. An analysis has been carried out separatedly for these groups (quadro VII). Generally speaking, there is a slight tendency for mere variability in the larger group of experimental trees belonging to group "1". This might be due to the fact that these trees, in consequence of their greater number, are more likely to be planted in extremely diverging patches of the plots. Furthermore, there is a slight, but marked tendency of the trees of this group to be more productive than those of the smaller group. It is possible, of course, for these different tendencies of the group, to increase or to disappear after treatment. 10) - In an earlier paper, Brieger (1) has shown that trees of Coffea may be dividc-id into three groups according to the annual cycle of their production. One group shows during a period of 7 years a steady increase of yield, while in the others high and low production alternate regularly, with a maximum, either in even years (1934, 1936, 1938) or in uneven years (1933, 1935, 1937, 1939). The occurrence of one or other of these types is not conditioned by individual factors alone, but is dependent on the place a tree occupies in the experimental plot. The same behaviour was encountered in "Baía" orange. A comparison of the annual means of the sub-blocs or even blocs (quadro VIII) indicates that they follow one of three different types of annual cycles : 38 < 39 > 40; 38 40 or 38 39

1 - The present paper deals with the results of studies on pollen fertility, number of seeds per fruit and frequency of polyembryony in Citrus. 2 - The pollen may be divided into four groups of which the first consists of the living and functional grains, colouring deeply with carmín acetic, germinating in sugar solutions fairly well. The remainny three types : half filled grains, empty grains, and small deformed grains are all inviable. 3 - The grains are generally spherical, 15 to 40ix in diameter. The smallest grains were found in Citrus hystrix and Citrus mitis (fig. 3 and 4), while citron and the grape-fruits have the largest grains (fig. 1, 2 and 5). 4 - Size and form are reasonably constant, except the hybrid "Citran-gequat", "limão galego" without spines, orange "Ruby" (fig. 6 to 8). 5 - Percentages of viable pollen grains are given in quadros IV to X. Tahiti Lime, probably a triploid, is completely sterile. "Baía" orange (Washington Navel orange) is completely male sterile, while the fruits of it may have some seeds. The two seedless varieties of "lima" and "pera" have 37,1 and 9,3% of viable pollen respectively. Regarding pollen viability oranges are the most variable. They show from 0 to 90% of good pollen (quadros IV and V). In lemons and limes the percentages vary from 50% and 80% (quadros VI to VIII). Tangerines, with exception of Satsuma owari, have generally more than 60% of good pollen. The grape-fruits, except the case of "Marsh-seedless", are characterized by a relative high pollen fertility. 6 - There is a certain variation of pollen fertility due to the external conditions. It seems to exist also a certain effect of the rootstock, on viability of pollen grains, as shown for the rootstock of "sour orange" and "rough lemon". 7 - The number of seeds per fruit was also determined and is given in the respective quadros (IV-X). 8 - There does not exist any consistent difference between open pollinated and selfed flowers in regard to the number of seeds per fruit (quadro XII). In 26 cross pollinations (quadro XIII), 6 caused an increase, 11 a decrease in the number of seeds. Especially interesting in this respect was "Baía" orange (Washington Navel), where, for instance, the cross pollination with the orange "Barão" gave in average 7 seeds per fruit, while in the cross with "Hamlim" the seed number was only 2,75 per fruit, this difference being highly significant. 9 - It is a well known fact that nucellar embryony is quite common in Citrus. The frequency of polyembryony has been determined for a large number of types. Even if an embryo is formed, we may not be certain whether it is produced by an adventicious growth of the nucellus or from a normally fertilized egg, as shown for instance for Citrus mitis x Poncirus trifoliata. (Fig. 15 and 16). Both twin embryos may be apogamous or one only, the other being in this case an hybrid. 10 - There exists a slight positive correlation between number of seeds and percentage of good pollen, with r = -f- 0,53. It should not be forgotten that the individual variations for these characters are very high, with coefficients of 93,01% for seed number and 33,18% for the percentage of viable pollen grains. Furthermore the variation of the forms is decidedly asymetrical owing to the pressure of the 0 limit. The general situation is best illustrated by the graph 1. With 0 to 10 seeds per fruit, there is no ordely variation of the percentage of good pollen. If the number of seeds rises between 10 and 20 seeds, the percentage of viable pollen grains rises generally above 50%, and if the number of seeds is still higher, the percentage surpasses 70%.

1 - A presente contribuição refere-se aos trabalhos iniciais para o estabelecimento, na Estação Experimental de Limeira, de experiências sobre cavalos para as principais variedades cítricas comerciais no Estado de São Paulo, isto é, as laranjas Baianinha e Pera e o pomelo Marsh-seedless. 2 - Nessas experiências estão em estudo 12 variedades-cavalo pertencentes a 2 gêneros e 8 espécies. 3 - Ligeiras referências são feitas sobre as 12 espécies e variedades-cavalo, algumas das quais ainda não foram utilizadas no Estado, para tal fim. 4 - Citam-se dados sobre o número de sementes, germinação, poliembrionia e desenvolvimento relativo na sementeira. 5 - O desenvolvimento no viveiro, antes e depois da enxertia, se baseia em medições feitas de tempos a tempos, a princípio nos cavalos (altura) e depois nos cavalos e enxertos (circunferências da haste). 6 - As últimas medições feitas no viveiro, mostram que há comportamento significantemente diferente entre as 12 espécies e variedades-cavalo experimentadas, considerando-se os seus respectivos desenvolvimentos. 7 - No viveiro sobressaíram, por mais rápido crescimento, as seguintes espécies e variedades-cavalo : lima da Pérsia, limão rugoso, limão cravo, limão ponderosa e cidra. O trifoliata, as laranjas lima e caipira, e a tangerina cravo foram de crescimento mais lento, enguanto as laranjas azeda e agro-doce e o pomelo ocuparam posição média. 8 - Instalou-se a experiência definitiva com a transplantação das mudas, em 1936, para o lugar definitivo (pomar), formando-se 6 quadras (4 blocos e 24 parcelas cada uma). 9 - O plano destas experiências comporta observações sobre : a) Desenvolvimento das plantas b) Produção (frutos) qualitativa e quantitativa c) Suscetibilidade a moléstias e pragas d) Interação entre cavalos e enxertos e) Longevidade das plantas.1 - The present paper deals with the first results of an extensive study on the relations between stock and scion in Citrus, in progress at the Experiment Station of Limeira, of the Instituto Agronômico of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, since 1933. 2 - All the scions used belong to three commercial varieties : Baianinha (orange, derived from "Washington Navel"), Pera (orange, similar to Valencia) and Pomelo (grape-fruit "Marsh-seedless") were collected in each case from one individual of each type. 3 - The following 12 stock were studied : Laranja azeda (sour orange) Laranja agro-doce (bitter sweet orange) Laranja caipira (sweet orange) Laranja lima (sweet orange) Tangerina cravo (tangerine) Limão cravo (Rangpur lime) Limão rugoso (rough lemon) Limão ponderosa (ponderosa lemon) Lima da Pérsia (sweet lime) Pomelo (grape-fruit Triumph) Cidra (citron) Trifoliata (Poncirus trifoliata). All plants obtained came from seeds of one tree of each type, from unprotected flowers however. 4 - Data referring to the number of seeds per fruit, germination, polyembriony and classification according to size are given (quadro I). The mean height of the plants obtained after 6 months and 2 years nursery are to be found in quadro II. 5 - Twelve hundred individuals of each root stock were selected according to their uniform development, in accordance with Webber (25) and on 40 of each buds of the three scions were grafted. As measure of the development the circumference of the stock at a height of 20 cm and that of the scion at a height of 40 cm were used (quadros IV to IX). 6 - An analysis of variance "between" and "within" root stocks (quadro VI) showed in all cases a significant high variation "between" stock. In all cases, the scions were thinner than the stocks (quadro IX), the indices scion-stock varying from ca. 0,5 to 0,8. The respective means are to be found in quadro IV and V. 7 - There is also a consistent and significant difference between scions as shown by the values in quadro VII. 8 - A comparison between quadro VIII (not budded root stock) and quadro IV (budded) shows that generally the former grow better. They are however some exception to this rule, especially in "Tangerina cravo". 9 - All the observation reported so far were made in the nursery, but the detailed lay-out of the experiment in the orchard is also described. Lots of 4 or 9 plants of each combination were arranged in four complete random replications. The trees supported the planting out very well, only Citron replantings being necessary. The trees are now fully matured and produced already during 3 years. The results of the first five years of the experiment with trees in the orchard, including the analysis of their yields, will be given in a future publication.

The English resumé is given in a different form from the Portuguese "conclusões". In the former we gave mainly the results which may be of general interest, explaining the tables (quadros) and the procedure of statistical analysis, while in the other the properties of the different rootstocks are discussed in detail since they are of immediate local interest. 1. In a previous publication, Moreira (19) explained the layout and the first results of an experiment, under way since 1936 in the Limeira Exp. Sta., on the influence of twelve different types of Citrus rootstocks on three scion varieties : the oranges "Baianinha" and "Pera" and the grape-fruit "Marsh Seedless". We report here three main results obtained during the first six years of the experiment: a) all plants budded on sour and bitter-sweet oranges (C. aurantium), showed definite signs of the new disease "tristeza" ; b) other rootstocks such as citron (C. medica), ponderosa lemon (C. lemon) had such disadvantageous effect that they could be eliminated as suitable stocks ; c) the data of the first four crops permit to determine certain particularities of some rootstocks varieties used in the experiment. The present paper deals with the complete analysis of the data obtained during the years 1939-1942. This work offered various interesting problems from the point of view of statistical method. The results are of scientific interest, showing very strong interactions between rootstocks and scion in Citrus, besides being of immediate practical importance. The widespread effect of the new disease "tristeza" caused on the Citrus culture in the State of São' Paulo where nearly all sweet oranges, both for local consumption and for export, were budded on sour orange rootstocks, requires immediate action and recommendations for the substitution by other suitable rootstocks. 2. The material used consisted of twelve rootstocks and three scion varieties in all their possible 36 combinations. Scion varieties : "Baianinha" and "Pera" orange, Marsh Seedless grape-fruit. Rootstocks : sour and bitter sweet oranges, "laranja caipira" (sweet orange), "laranja lima" (sweet orange), rangpur lime, sweet lime, rough lemon, ponderosa lemon, citron, grapefruit, "cravo" tangerine and trifoliate orange. 3. The experimental layout for each scion consisted of two conjugated randomized "quadras" or super-blocks, each with six rootstocks and four replications. In one super-block the more important rootstocks were united (quadra A) and in the other less important ones (quadra B). In "quadra" A each individual plot contained 9 trees and in "quadra" B, 4 trees only. Thus we have for the analysis of variance the following decomposition of degrees of freedom : Super- Super- Confounding block A block B A and B Between Superblocks (quadras) ............ 1 Between Rootstocks....................... 5 5 10 Between Replications ..................... 3 3 6 Interaction................................ 15 15 30 Residual (between trees of each plot) ...... 192 72 346 At first the analysis was carried out separately for the super-blocks but since a sufficient degree of uniformity was found, especially with regards to the residual error, "quadras" A and B were confounded. The degree cf freedom for the residual error totalises always slightly less than 364, owing to the death of several trees which thus were eliminated. 4. The following measurements were subjected to the analysis : Circumference of the rootstocks, 20 cm from the ground. Circumference of the zone of union, 30 cm from the ground. Circumference of the scion, 40 cm from the ground. Maximum circumference of the tree. Height of the tree. Number and diameter of fruits. 5. At first a homogeneity test was carried out on a number of seedling trees of each roctstock in order to determine whether they were reasonably homogenous (quadro II). Only a few of the trees were found to be slightly more or less variable than the remainder, with 10 values of standard errors between the 5% and 1% limit of probability. Thus trifoliata orange was slightly less and ponderosa lemon slightly more variable than the other 10 rootstocks. The homogeneity test for the 36 combinations is given in "quadro" IV and as a whole showed satisfactory results. Ponderosa lemon and grapefruit gave an increase in variability for the circumference of the rootstocks, in all the combinations. Citron with grapefruit scion gave a very significant increase of variability, and the combination trifoliata-' 'Baianinha" was less variable than the remainder. In the comparison we did not use only the standard error, but also the variance index (Brieger, 4) since the means were of different magnitude. 6. The results of the analysis of variance are given in detail in "quadro" V and are summarised in "quadro" VI. The latter shows that there is a significant increase of variability between replications, indicating a certain degree of heterogenity in the soil. The variability was however only twice that of the residual error between individual trees. There was no interaction and all combinations behaved uniformily in all replications. The difference between combinations of roctstocks and scions were very considerable and caused an increase of variability of 10 times (7 to 13 times) the residual variation. The difference between superblocks was still bigger and amounted to more than 20 times the residual variability. Since the datas analysed included one measurement of the rootstocks and several ones of the scion, there cannot be any doubt about the existence of a very pronounced physiological interaction between the two components. 7. Thus our next object was to stydy the nature and direction of this interaction and to decide which were the combinations most favorable from a practical point of view. Most of these were carried out using the data of 1942. a) The means were calculated and organized in the order of magnitude. Then consecutive differences were calculated and the correspondent value of t computed. Consequently only positive values of t could appear, and a new table of Brieger (5), for unilateral limits, had to be used. The results are given in the respective columns of "quadros" VII to IX. The values of t do not form a uniform and homogeneous series, but there are always jumps, indicated by large and significant values of t. Comparing different measurements for the same combination of rootstocks and scion, a certain uniform twend can be found, and as itisseen in the tables certain rootstocks had a pronounced tendency to be more favorable than others, in 1942. b) Next an order test was carried out, to compare means of the former years, and the results given in "quadros" X to XII. This test has been developed by Brieger (6) in order to permit a statistical analysis in cases where the rank correlation coefficient cannot be applied. The means are arranged in series according to their magnitude and numbers of order or rank are given to them, both in the series of increasing values (direct order) and of dedreasing values (inverted order). Then the probability is calculated of obtaining such numbers of order as observed or lower numbers still. The values thus calculated are given for the direct order in the column called "maiores" and for the inverse order in the column called "menores". A value of P = 0,1 indicates in the direct order that only once in 1000 there may be obtained a series of means as big or still bigger as the values actually observed, and in the inverse order a value for a mean as small or still smaller. 8. Accepting a 1% limit of probability in our case of comparison between the means in four years, we get the following results. "Baianinha". Tendency for bigger production (number of fruits) is found with sweet lime, rangpur lime and rough lemon. The circumference of the rootstock is bigger with rough lemon, sweet orange (caipira) and sweet lime, and that of the scion is bigger with rough lemon, sweet orange (caipira) and rangpur lime. "Pera". The most productive combinations are with rangpur lime, rough lemon, sweet lime and also ponderosa lemon. The biggest rootstocks are found with rough lemon and sweet orange (caipira), and the biggest scions with rough lemon, rangpur and sweet limes. "Marsh Seedless" grapefruit is most productive with rangpur lime, rough lemon and sweet lime. The biggest rootstocks with rough lemon and sweet orange (caipira) ; the biggest scion with rough lemon, sweet orange (caipira) and sweet lime. 9. Next several special characters were studied which seemed to be important. a) In order to determine whether the union between rootstocks and scion was perfect or whether there was incompatibility between the two, the following t-test was carried out (quadro XXIII) : between the circumference of the rootstocks (20 cm from the ground) and the point of union (30 cm), and between the latter and the circumference of the trunk of the scion (40 cm). In the case of pronounced incompatibility the point of union should be bigger than either of the two other values. In the case of compatibility three forms of the trunk may be observed : it may be either conical and in this case both values should be positive and significant; or it may be cylindrical with both values of t insignificant; or, finally; the rootstocks may be cylindrical and the scion conical, with the first value of t insignificant and the other positive and significant. All combinations on citron as rootstocks showed a very pronounced incompatibility-All cases where sour and bitter-sweet oranges were used, showed abnormal behaviour possible due to the effect of the disease "tristeza". All the other rootstocks-scion combination were compatible and gave conical trunks when combined with "Baianinha", while in the case of "Pera" and "Marsh Seedless" the rootstocks were more frequently cylindrical and the scion conical. b) A detailed study mas carried out with regards to the effect of the rootstocks on the form of the trees (quadros XIV-XVI). Since the t-test did not give sufficiently clear results, an index was calculated by dividing the height of the tree by its diameter. This index should be equal to one in round trees, b'gger than one in cylindrical trees and smaller than one in flat topped trees. "Quadro" XV shows clearly that the rootstocks exerted a strong effect on the form of the trees. A complete analysis was carried out for the three more important rootstocks (quadro XVI) : sweet orange (caipira), rough lemon and sweet lime.. The test within - between proved that the effect of the rootstocks on the tree form are significant. Comparing the means, one can conclude that "caipira" which has a cylindrical form itself (index : 1,87), turns the tops of the scions more cylindrical. Rough lemon which is more nearly round (index: 1,12) has practically no effect on the two oranges scion and flattens the top of the grapefruit tree. Sweet lime with an index of 1,20 reduces somewhat the height of the oranges scion and turns the grapefruit slightly more cylindrical. c) A study of linear correlations was carried out in order to determine whether we may facilitate our work by estimating the relative height and form of trees by measuring only the circumference of the trunck of the scion. The respective values, given in "quadro" XVII show a rather complex result, in consequence of the different nature of the physiological interactions. There is a very pronounced variability of individual values as shown by the X²test. Height and c:rcumference of tree tops and, as whole, circumference of the trunck are pratically not correlated. There is some correlation between the latter and the circumference of the tree top. 10. A full description of the effects of the different rootstocks, given in the portuguese test and the conclusions will not be translated. We shall limit us to only our sugestions as to which of the rootstocks may be considered as the most favorable for the varieties studied : For the "BAIANINHA" orange : sweet orange (caipira), rough lemon and sweet orange (laranja lima). For the "PERA" orange : sweet lime, rangpur lime, and the sweet oranges "lima" and "caipira". For the "MARSH SEEDLESS" grapefruit: rough lemon, sweet oranges "caipira" and "lima".

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A tradição desempenha um papel importante na identidade de um povo, é através da cultura que nos diferenciamos. É a cultura tradicional que está intrínseca na nossa personalidade e que nos torna um povo com características únicas, é a cultura que nos individualiza enquanto comunidade. O analfabetismo do povo levou a que o património imaterial e a identidade cultural passagem de geração em geração pela transmissão oral, pelo aprender fazendo, pela imitação, assim grande parte da nossa tradição perdeu-se, e a que prevaleceu até hoje sofreu alterações frequentes da transmissão oral. Ainda assim encontramos alguns documentos escritos que corroboram as versões orais actuais. O isolamento, a falta de médicos devidamente credenciados, a crença em Deus e no seu poder, levaram a que fosse encontrado um outro tipo de tratamentos – as curas e as mezinhas caseiras – que, e uma vez que o resultado parece agradar aos doentes, prevalecem até aos dias de hoje. O poder curativo das plantas é indiscutível e está cientificamente comprovado. O poder curativo das rezas, não está comprovado, mas apresenta resultados positivos àqueles que a ele recorrem. O presente trabalho tenta recuperar parte dessas crenças, superstições e curas que estavam dispersas por vários tipos de publicações, tentando analisar o porquê da sua existência. Universidade da Madeira