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O principal objetivo deste estudo foi registrar as diatomáceas presentes em amostras de conteúdo estomacal de cinco indivíduos de Mylossoma duriventre Cuvier coletados no Lago do Maicá, Rio Amazonas, Santarém, Pará, Brasil. A comunidade de diatomáceas esteve composta por 42 táxons, os quais pertencem a 16 gêneros. Os gêneros mais representativos em número de táxons e indivíduos foram Gomphonema Ehrenberg, Eunotia Ehrenberg e Encyonema Kützing. O indivíduo 2 foi o que apresentou o maior número de táxons e de espécimes de diatomáceas, seguido do indivíduo 1. As amostras dos indivíduos 1 e 2 foram compostas essencialmente por diatomáceas perifíticas, indicando que estes peixes utilizaram macrófitas na alimentação. Nas amostras dos indivíduos 3, 4 e 5 predominaram diatomáceas metafíticas e bentônicas, fato que sugere que os peixes utilizaram em sua alimentação frutos, sementes ou raízes encontrados próximo ao solo.

Background: The gubernacular canal (GC) is an important dental structure that enables the alveolar bone ridge cohesion of permanent teeth, although GC absence may indicate a dental eruption that might be associated with certain syndromes such as Down’s syndrome. This study aims to correlate the eruptive delay of permanent teeth in individuals with Down’s syndrome (Ds) and the gubernacular canal (GC) through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and July 2022 with a total of 31 individuals (G1 = 16 nonsyndromic and G2 = 15 Down’s syndrome) who went through imaging evaluation using CBCT with the following acquisition parameters: tube voltage of 95 kVp, tube current of 7 mA, exposure time of 5.9 s and voxel sizes and field of view 0.15 mm and 0.30 mm, respectively. The imaging evaluation was to assess whether all teeth analyzed had the presence of GC and/or teeth eruption disturbance, with a descriptive statistical analysis of relative frequencies and quantitative variables as well as the p-value (p < 0.005) by G Test. Results: A total of 618 teeth among 31 individuals were analyzed, 475 (76.8%) GC were detected by CBCT in 23/31 patients and of these, 6 belonged to G2. G2 had a decreased GC detection rate (n = 180–37.9%) and the most common tooth with GC detected was the mandibular 1st molar (21 GC/25 teeth—84%) and the absence of GC was most frequently observed in impacted and delayed/unerupted teeth of Ds individuals. Conclusion: We concluded that GC absence was higher among Ds individuals, explaining the increased rates of unerupted or impacted teeth in Ds individuals.

CAPES/coordenacao de aperfeicoamento de pessoal de nivel superior Finance Code 001/coordenacao de aperfeicoamento de pessoal de nivel superior

Background: cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of severe physical disabilities in childhood and affects about 17 million people worldwide, the aim of this study is to examine both medical and dental profiles of CP patients treated at a referral dental care center for patients with special needs and to identify the main risk factors involved in this neurological disorder. Methods: an observational epidemiological analysis of 284 medical and dental records of patients with CP treated between 1995 and 2019 in a referral dental care center was performed. Statistical analyzes were performed to determine the association between risk factors and CP type, the relation between anoxia and home birth delivery, and the relation between the type of dental treatment and some variables (gender, age range, cognitive deficit, epilepsy, and CP type). Results:the majority of CP patients were males (59.86%) and spastic was the most prevalent specified CP (40.14%). Premature birth was the only risk factor significantly associated with spastic CP (p=0.002). The high prevalence of perinatal anoxia (41.90%) indicated its relation to home birth delivery (p=0.0017). The cognitive deficit was the most prevalent comorbidity (72.40%). The majority of patients that attended the referral dental care center for the first dental appointment were older than 11 years of age (40.63%) and patients with spastic CP received the highest number of invasive treatments (41.07%). Conclusions: the medical and dental profiles of patients with CP treated at a referral dental care center for patients with special needs highlighted premature birth as an important risk factor and the unprecedented significant association between perinatal anoxia and home birth delivery. Moreover, comorbidities associated with CP lead to more invasive treatments.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare alterations in gene expression using two distinct immortalization methods (hTERT and HPV16-E6/E7) in ameloblastoma cell lines. Materials and methods A primary cell culture derived from human ameloblastoma (AME-1) was established and immortalized by two different methods using a transfection processes to hTERT and HPV-E6/E7. The RNAseq was used to verify which immortalization method had less influence on gene expression. It was performed in four steps: extraction and collection of mRNA, PCR amplification, comparison with the human reference genome and analysis of differential expression. The genes with differentiated expression were identified and mapped. Results RNAseq revealed genetic alterations in ameloblastoma cell lines after the immortalization process, including increased expression of tumor genes like MYC, E2F1, BRAF, HRAS and HTERT, and a decrease in tumor suppressor genes like P53, P21 and Rb. Conclusions It is possible to affirm that cell immortalization is not an inert method regarding gene regulation mechanisms and the hTERT method (AME-TERT) presented fewer changes in gene expression levels.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of lead (Pb) exposure on parotid and submandibular glands through morphological aspects as well as the systemic and salivary gland redox state. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 50 mg/kg/day of Pb-acetate or distilled water by intragastric gavage for 55 days (n = 40). Blood samples were used for lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Samples of salivary glands were analyzed by LPO, nitrites (NO), and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) levels. Morphometric analyses (total stromal area [TSA], total parenchyma area [TPA], total ductal area [TDA], and total acinar area [TAA]) and immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), metallothionein I/II (MT I/II), and anti-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were performed. The results revealed that exposure to Pb triggered systemic oxidative stress represented by lower GSH levels and increased TBARS/TEAC ratio in blood plasma. ACAP was reduced, while NO and LPO were increased in both parotid and submandibular. The morphological analyses showed increase on MT I/II expression, reduced CK-19 expression in both glands, and α-SMA reduced the immunostaining only in the parotid glands. The morphometric analyses revealed an increase in TPA in both glands, while TAA was reduced only in submandibular glands and TDA was increased only in parotid glands. Our findings are pioneer in showing that long-term exposure to Pb is able to promote blood and glandular oxidative stress associated with cellular, morphological, and biochemical damage in both parotid and submandibular glands.

Ameloblastomas are epithelial odontogenic tumours that, although benign, are locally invasive and may exhibit aggressive behaviour. In the tumour microenvironment, the concentration of oxygen is reduced, which leads to intratumoral hypoxia. Under hypoxia, the crosstalk between the HIF-1α, MMP-2, VEGF, and VEGFR-2 proteins has been associated with hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, leading to tumour progression and increased invasiveness. This work showcases 24 ameloblastoma cases, 10 calcifying odontogenic cysts, and 9 dental follicles, used to investigate the expression of these proteins by immunohistochemistry. The anti-HIF-1α, anti-MMP-2, anti-VEGF, and anti-VEGFR-2 primary antibodies are used in this work. The results have been expressed by the mean grey value after immunostaining in images acquired with an objective of 40×. The ameloblastoma samples showed higher immunoexpression of HIF-1α, MMP-2, VEGF, and VEGFR-2 when compared to the dental follicles and calcifying odontogenic cysts. Ameloblastomas show a higher degree of expression of proteins associated with intratumoral hypoxia and proangiogenic proteins, which indicates the possible role of these proteins in the biological behaviour of this tumour.

Highlights • This report presents a rare case of injury from two embryonic leaflets, located in the sinonasal cavity. • Clinical, radiographic, histopathological and immunohistochemical panel data were used to obtain the diagnosis. • The treatment modality employed was the left maxillectomy through Weber-Ferguson subpalpebral surgical access. • After surgery, the patient presented remission of some signs and symptoms and was referred to the oncology department., Introduction Carcinosarcomas are rare malignant neoplasms formed by embryonic tissues (ectoderm and mesoderm) and present remarkably aggressive character with unfavourable prognosis. These lesions are rarely diagnosed in the sinonasal cavity and only a few cases are reported in the literature. This manuscript aimed to report a rare case of a large and aggressive sinonasal carcinosarcoma that involved the facial middle third and to discuss the proposed treatment. Presentation of case A 54-year-old female patient sought treatment for a large swelling on the left side of the face. A CT-scan revealed an expansive hypodense image in the facial middle third. An incisional biopsy was performed under local anaesthesia and the material was sent for histopathological analysis. Discussion Due to the extremely aggressive character of carcinosarcomas, the optimal management of carcinosarcomas remains uncertain and a challenge for clinicians. In this case report, the prognosis of such a large tumour became unfavourable since the patient sought late for treatment. Therefore, suspicion and early detection are crucial for improving the prognosis and quality of life of the patients with such neoplasia. Conclusion Besides being rare and extremely aggressive, sinonasal carcinosarcomas present worse patient survival when compared to other carcinosarcomas in the head and neck region. Thus, this report may contribute to a better understanding of this tumour behaviour.

Background Ameloblastoma (AMB) is a benign odontogenic tumour, with an aggressive local behaviour and a high rate of recurrence. Previous studies have demonstrated that hypoxia-induced factor alpha 1 (HIF-1α) and activated caspase-3 contribute to tumour invasiveness and cytogenesis in ameloblastoma. Hypoxia increases HIF-1α levels, which triggers a number of signalling pathways. This paper aimed to present data in the study of hypoxia-activated signalling pathways that modulate proapoptotic and antiapoptotic events in AMB. Methods Twenty cases of AMB and ten cases of dental follicle (DF) were used to analyse the immunoexpression of HIF-1α, p53, BNIP3, Bcl-2, IAP-2, GLUT1, and Bax. To contribute to the study, an analysis of expression and genetic interaction was performed using the cell line AME-1. Results AMB and DF expressed the studied proteins. These proteins showed significantly greater immunoexpression in AMB compared with the DF (p < 0.05). HIF-1α showed an important association with GLUT1, and a positive correlation was observed among p53, Bcl-2, and IAP-2. Transcriptomic analysis showed the significant expression of the studied proteins, and the network generated showed a direct association of HIF-1αF with GLUT1 (SLC2A1), TP53, and LDHA. Interestingly, GLUT1 also exhibited direct interaction with TP53 and LDHA. Conclusion In AMB tumorigenesis, hypoxia is possibly related to antiapoptotic events, which suggests an important role for HIF-1α, GLUT1, Bcl-2, IAP-2, and possibly p53.

The invasive behaviour of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a common malignant tumour of the mouth, is a process mediated by cell proliferation, extracellular matrix proteolysis and other factors. Studies have shown a potential relationship between growth factors, metallothionein 2A (MT2A) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation in malignant tumours. The aim of this study was to downregulate MT2A in cells (Cal27) derived from human squamous cell carcinoma.Cal27 cells with reduced MT2A were subjected to proliferation, migration and invasion assays. Immunofluorescence and western blot confirmed MT2A depletion by siRNA. Growth curve assays assessed cell proliferation. Indirect immunofluorescence analysed the expression of MT2A, MMP-2, MMP-9, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Ki67. Zymography evaluated the effects of MT2A silencing on MMP-2 and -9 expression. Migration and invasion activities were evaluated using migration and invasion assays.CAL27 cells displayed MT2A, MMP-2, MMP-9, EGF, TGF-α, TNF-α and Ki67. MT2A depletion decreased MMP-9, EGF, TGF-α and Ki67 protein levels, while increasing TNF-α.MT2A downregulation reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion activities. Therefore, MT2A has an important role in cell proliferation, migration and invasion in human oral SCC cells.

This study aimed to investigate the detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to verify the concordance of EBV-DNA frequency in subgingival sites and in the OSCC.A cross-sectional study with 30 OSCC patients, aged from 44 to 88 years old, was conducted. Samples were collected in subgingival sites and at the OSCC, then submitted to DNA isolation, qPCR, and genotyping. Descriptive statistic was performed to report the frequency of EBV-DNA in all samples, and McNemar test was applied to verify the concordance among the EBV-DNA frequency in both sites.The individuals presented 62 years old in average, and the majority were male (66.6%). EBV-DNA was detected in 56.7% OSCC lesions. Among the subgroup of 19 dentate individuals, high concordance (73.7%) in both EBV-DNA detection and the absence in subgingival sites and OSCC was observed, and it was statistically significant (p 0.05).We report the notable occurrence of EBV-DNA in OSCC; also, the presence of EBV in periodontal sites may contribute to find it in OSCC, although the possible contribution of EBV in the OSCC remains to be investigated.The identification of this easily accessible site of EBV latent infection may help to improve the patient's quality of life by maintenance of oral/periodontal health condition and preventing further possible disorders related to the virus, and also encourages new approaches for investigating EBV, periodontitis, and OSCC.

Since the existence of humanity, individuals have moved from one place to another for various reasons and in search of better living conditions. This is the case of the Hútus and Tutsis of Rwanda and Burundi who, because of the ethnic and political conflicts in which they are immersed, have moved to places where they enjoyed relative stability, as in the case of Mozambique. In this perspective, the text aims to reflect on immigration taking into account the ethnic issue, starting from the assumption that immigrants can lose or gain a new identity in the place of arrival. For the analysis of the text, it will be based on the push-pull individualist theory defended by Ernest Ravenstein, and later by Everett Lee and the structuralist theory of the transnationalist approach. However, there are many difficulties faced by immigrants, even if they are of a different ethnic origin, who feel obliged to assimilate part of the Mozambican culture in order to feel integrated within the welcoming society.

Sex estimation is an important step for subject identification in forensic medicine, to which paranasal sinuses may contribute, as they remain intact even upon severe damage to the skull and other bones. Cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) is an excellent tool in the examination of these structures. The present study aimed to evaluate the maxillary, frontal and sphenoidal sinuses through a discriminant analysis to determine the sex correlations with foramen magnum measurements were also assessed. Two-hundred cranial CBCT scans were analysed. The volume of the maxillary, frontal and sphenoidal sinuses were measured using the ITK-SNAP software (4.0.2). Student’s t test and the Mann–Whitney test were applied for the descriptive analysis of independent samples, and data were subjected to discriminant analysis. The volumes of the maxillary, frontal and sphenoidal sinuses of female subjects were smaller than those of male subjects (p

Intratumoral hypoxia (IH) occurs during cellular proliferation of malignant tumors. This phenomenon is characterized by a decrease in oxygen levels in the neoplastic microenvironment. Throughout this condition, the proteins HIF-1α, NOTCH1, ADAM12, and HB-EGF can be activated, triggering signaling pathways associated with tumor invasiveness through invadopodia formation. This study aimed to evaluate the immunostaining of HIF-1α, NOTCH1, ADAM12, and HBEGF in 19 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and 10 samples of salivary glands (control group).The immunoperoxidase technique was employed to detect the proteins of interest. The Student t test was used to compare immunoexpression between MEC samples and the control group.Protein immunostaining was statistically significantly higher in MEC samples than in the control group (P.01), and the proteins were especially overexpressed in epidermoid cells of MEC.We suggest that there is an association between the NOTCH1 signaling pathway activated by IH and the biologic behavior of MEC.

A região cárstica dos Campos Gerais (RCCG), situada nos estados do Paraná e São Paulo, é considerada uma nova região cárstica brasileira. A área congrega várias cavernas e feições típicas de relevo cárstico, desenvolvido em rochas da Formação Furnas e da subunidade Vila Velha (Grupo Itararé), compostas, sobretudo por quartzoarenitos. Os conceitos de região cárstica, província espeleológica e distrito espeleológico muitas vezes se confundem e até mesmo são utilizados como sinônimos. Propõe-se aqui nova conceituação para estes termos visando seu uso na gestão de territórios, políticas públicas e geoconservação. Apresenta-se um algoritmo matemático para estabelecimento do potencial espeleológico estimado (PEE) de uma área, visando indicar parâmetros menos subjetivos sobre a possibilidade de existência de cavernas. O cálculo proposto visa evitar parâmetros vagos, como a ausência ou baixo potencial de ocorrência de cavidades e rochas carbonáticas. Após tal revisão de conceitos, apresentação do PEE e registro da nova região cárstica, discute-se sobre as políticas públicas e procedimentos administrativos na esfera estadual e municipal, com foco de análise no distrito cárstico de Ponta Grossa (DCPG), área de maior concentração de cavernas da RCCG. Presença de problemas legais e em procedimentos administrativos apontam os riscos na proteção do patrimônio geológico da área frente às atividades e empreendimentos de significativo potencial degradador. Ao final, discute-se sobre a gestão do território na RCCG, que devido às suas fragilidades ambientais, necessita controle diferenciado sobre o uso e ocupação do solo, orientado por instrumentos de gestão claros e concisos, adotando-se sempre o princípio da precaução.

Neste artigo, dissertamos sobre a relação dos povos tradicionais e a gestão de fauna silvestre na Amazônia Brasileira, como os marcos legais que regem o tema são subutilizados e quais são as perspectivas para o futuro do manejo e conservação dessas espécies. Abordamos também como ocorre a marginalização dos povos tradicionais quanto ao uso dos recursos naturais faunísticos, com enfoque nos quelônios aquáticos amazônicos, e como o Poder Público pode agir no sentido de garantir tais direitos. Concluímos que o consumo de quelônios amazônicos é uma realidade e um direito das populações rurais tradicionais, e que sua criminalização isoladamente não tem efeito expressivo na redução da pressão de captura praticada em boa parte da Amazônia. Pelo contrário, a ilegalidade torna mais difícil o monitoramento e o manejo, que poderiam e deveriam ser regulados por mecanismos administrativos, capazes de contemplar a realidade local ao mesmo tempo em que promove a conservação por meio do uso sustentável e do manejo de escala comunitária.Palavras-chave: Gestão da fauna silvestre. Legislação ambiental. Populações tradicionais.

Patient: Male, 60-year-old Final Diagnosis: Sinonasal inverted papilloma Symptoms: Facial asymmetry • nasal obstruction • right hemiface proptosis Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Dentistry • Pathology • Surgery Objective: Rare disease Background: Nasosinusal papilloma is a benign aggressive tumor. It usually occurs unilaterally in the nasal cavity and can extend to the sinuses. The diagnosis is made by the correlation of findings observed in tomographic and histo-pathological exams. The recommended treatment is surgical excision with clinical monitoring. Orbital involvement occurs in about 9% of cases of advanced SIP. However, there is no report of cases of a benign tumor that invaded the adjacent soft tissues. Therefore, our objective is to report an unusual case of SIP that bilaterally involved the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses, and extended to involve the ethmoidal cells and sphenoid and frontal sinuses. Case Report: In this article, we report an unusual presentation of sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP) in a 60-year-old man. The tumor bilaterally involved the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses and extended to involve the ethmoidal cells and the sphenoid and frontal sinuses, as well as the orbital cavity on the right side. An open surgical procedure was performed for complete removal of the lesion and follow-up with imaging exams. Conclusions: The involvement of these structures is uncommon in SIP. This highlights the importance of this case report. Diagnosis and surgical treatment must be carefully planned. In this work, we describe all the steps that helped guide the choice of the best surgical technique to be performed and offer the best clinical follow-up.

Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most relevant malignant neoplasm among all head and neck tumours due to its high prevalence and unfavourable prognosis. Tumour invasion and metastasis that affect prognosis are result of a set of complex events that cells with invasive potential use to spread to other regions. These cells use several mechanisms to invade tissues, including a type of finger-like membrane protrusion called invadopodia. This study aims to investigate the immunoexpression of invaopodia related-proteins TKs5, cortactin, TKs4 and MT1-MMP in OSCC and correlate it to clinicopathological data. Methods An immunohistochemical evaluation of fifty cases of OSCCs and 20 cases of oral mucosa (OM) were assessed. The expression of invadopodia proteins were analysed in comparison to normal tissue (OM) and correlated to different clinical-stage and histological grade of OSCC. Results TKs5, cortactin, TKs4 and MT1-MMP were significantly overexpressed in OSCC when compared to OM (p p = 0.026). Cortactin immunolabelling was statistically higher in grade I than in grade II and III. No differences were seen on TKs4 expression based on tumour staging or grading. MT1-MMP was higher expressed and showed statistical difference between stages I and III and grades I compared to II and III. Conclusions The invadopodia related-proteins were found to be overexpressed in OSCC when compared to OM, suggesting invadopodia formation and activity. Besides overexpressed in OSCC, cortactin, TKs4 and TKs5 showed no or ambiguous differences in protein expression when compared among clinical-stages or histological grades groups. Conversely, the expression of MT1-MMP increased in advanced stages and less differentiated tumours, suggesting MT1-MMP expression as a promising prognostic marker in OSCC.

Patient: Female, 27-year-old Final Diagnosis: Basal cell nevus syndrome Symptoms: None Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Dentistry • Pathology Objective: Congenital defects/diseases Background: Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), also known as Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS), is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the patched (PTCH) tumor-suppressor gene, which has high penetrance and variable phenotypic expressivity. In 1960, Gorlin and Goltz defined the condition by 3 main characteristics: multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), and skeletal anomalies. Nowadays, many neurologic, ophthalmic, endocrine, and genital manifestations are known to be associated with this syndrome. Considering the complexity of the clinical manifestations, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with NBCCS. Case Report: We report the case of a 27-year-old woman who presented with multiple maxillary and mandibular OKCs, as well as mandibular dentigerous cysts, all detected by X-ray. The medical records of the patient reported other findings such as falx cerebri calcification, osteolysis in femoral bones, and focal bone alteration suggestive of simple bone cysts. Based on the presented manifestations, it was concluded that the patient had characteristics of NBCCS. A multidisciplinary approach was necessary, and odontological intervention was used in managing treatment of the jaw cysts. Conclusions: In view of this combination of findings, it is of primary importance for dental surgeons and physicians to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of NBCCS in order to achieve an early diagnosis and avoid the progression of oral cysts, the metastasis of skin lesions, and progression of other less frequent manifestations.