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This research position presents the results of the Franco-Brazilian scientific mission carried out in February 2023, with the objective of investigating the territorial insertion of wind energies on the “corner” coast of the Brazilian coast, in Rio Grande do Norte. The field activities present an overview of the territory and of some key actors for the elaboration of future scientific propositions about this coastline.

Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this article analyzes the petropolitics of the exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons in pilot fracking projects located in Colombia, in the Magdalena Medio region. Based on fieldwork, it examines how oil companies strive to rebuild a relationship with the local population, while environmental risks give rise to strong social mobilization. The regional context of systematic violence against the leaders of grassroots organizations casts doubt on the transparency of business practices. We thus conclude that conventional petropolitics is perpetuated, as it fails to respect human rights and environmental standards.

Argentina busca poner en valor hidrocarburos no convencionales en NorPatagonia, los que pueden contribuir a paliar los déficits energéticos y fortalecer los sistemas existentes. Implica la reactivación de lugares productivos y aprovecha recursos estratégicos para las matrices energéticas argentina y mundial. Al mismo tiempo, en el país, se apalanca la explotación de fuentes renovables. El objetivo del artículo es reflexionar acerca de los procesos de transición energética y la dependencia a los sistemas tradicionales. Se busca comprender la (re)configuración del espacio a distintas escalas -local, regional y nacional- y cómo interactúan las nuevas organizaciones productivas, con las heredadas. La explotación de gas no convencional en la región NorPatagónica, ejemplifica cómo se refuerza la dependencia a los sistemas tradicionales, a la vez que se apuesta a la innovación, con proyectos que muchas veces no se concretan. La realidad de los senderos consolidados y sus bifurcaciones contrasta con numerosas ficciones que se crean en torno a los recursos energéticos.

This research position, presents the results of the Franco-Brazilian scientific mission carried out in February 2023, with the objective of investigating the territorial insertion of wind energies on the “corner” coast of the Brazilian coast, in Rio Grande do Norte. The field activities present an overview of the territory and of some key actors for the elaboration of future scientific propositions about this coastline.

The Magdalena River basin is the main source of food in Colombia. 70% of agricultural output and 40% of inland fishing are produced in its basin. However, the River is facing a complex environmental crisis that affects both the fisheries and fishermen’s territoriality. The river as a source of food is declining. This article aims to present the relation between the environmental crisis of the river and food security at the local and national level, through the situation of the artisanal fisheries and fisherpersons in the Magdalena River. The methodology of the research combines quantitative and qualitative approaches, through descriptive statistics of population and productive surveys, and in-deep interviews with fisherpersons and other strategic actors in different parts of Magdalena’s basin.

The present study proposes a novel concept of neuroadaptive technology, namely a dual passive-reactive Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), that enables bi-directional interaction between humans and machines. We have implemented such a system in a realistic flight simulator using the NextMind classification algorithms and framework to decode pilots' intention (reactive BCI) and to infer their level of attention (passive BCI). Twelve pilots used the reactive BCI to perform checklists along with an anti-collision radar monitoring task that was supervised by the passive BCI. The latter simulated an automatic avoidance maneuver when it detected that pilots missed an incoming collision. The reactive BCI reached 100% classification accuracy with a mean reaction time of 1.6 s when exclusively performing the checklist task. Accuracy was up to 98.5% with a mean reaction time of 2.5 s when pilots also had to fly the aircraft and monitor the anti-collision radar. The passive BCI achieved a F1−score of 0.94. This first demonstration shows the potential of a dual BCI to improve human-machine teaming which could be applied to a variety of applications.

Since 2004, gas operations in Camisea have been restructuring the Peruvian energy system. The pivot of Peruvian energy production has shifted from the high mountains and their water resources to the Andean foothills, and a vast political programme of gas network construction and gas massification was launched in the mid-2000s. This article aims to question the materiality of the energy change implemented in the Southern Andean region of the country, which does not involve renewable energy, but has crystallised around a gas pipeline project and its outcomes (thermal power plants, urban networks, etc.). From an interpretive framework articulating notions of development imaginaries with a critical approach of the materiality of energy modernisation, this article builds its analysis drawing from a variety of sources that combine field work and the vast number of documents published on the project in order to map energy change in this region, and the values associated to it. While the symbolic object of the Southern Peruvian Gas Pipeline is presented in discourses as the triumphant advent of energy modernisation in which the State is the central actor, it has given rise to fragmented energy materialities, and a distorted energy change, moving away from its primary social goal.

Since 2004, gas operations in Camisea have been restructuring the Peruvian energy system. The pivot of Peruvian energy production has shifted from the high mountains and their water resources to the Andean foothills, and a vast political program of gas network construction and gas massification was launched in the mid-2000s. This article aims to question the materiality of the energy change implemented in the southern Andean region of the country, which does not involve renewable energies, but which crystallizes around a gas pipeline project and its outputs (thermal power plants, urban gas networks, etc.). From an interpretive framework articulating the development imaginaries development with a critical approach of the materiality of energy modernization, this article builds its analysis on a variety of sources combining field work and the documents published on the project in order to map energy change in this region, and the values associated. While the symbolic object of the Southern Peruvian Gas pipeline is presented in discourses as the triumphant advent of energy modernization in which the state is the central actor, it has given rise to fragmented energy materialities, and a distorted energy change, moving away from its primary social objective.

In a context of energy tension, mainly due to rising consumption, the construction of large dams was resumed in Latin America ten years ago, as a follow-up to projects carried out by dictatorial governments in the 1970s. These huge projects, which take place on the world’s largest rivers such as the Amazon, the Paraná, the Marañon or the Madeira, are preferentially located in peripheral and unexploited border areas. Securing energy supplies for the main national cities is the first objective, but these projects also allow the integration of marginal territories to national territories, the development of natural resources and the promotion of cross-border cooperation, with results ranging from rivalry to integration.

At the beginning of two decades of government, political parties from the Concertacion chose the environment as a privileged field of action. They wanted to differentiate themselves from the neglect of the authoritarian regime and respect Chile’s international commitments. Chile’s development style, one which relies on the exploitation of natural resources, causes deep modifications of the environment and the instruments, namely the study of environmental impact, are not sufficient to prevent them. Nevertheless, they settled mechanisms to deal with environmental issues, but still remain under the expectations of part of the society. The creation of the Ministry of the Environment allows to make the whole set of instruments more rational and show good results in international comparisons, but it does not solve the main problems.

The protection of the environment is an important political theme in Chile. The democratic government extended protected areas to 18% of the national territory. Still, this is not enough to preserve biodiversity, particularly in the central and most populated regions. The relationship between protected areas and the territories where they are inserted is the cause of many conflicts that make impossible to rely on them for local development.

Reading the article by Èlisée Reclus "The Paraguayan War", which he published in the Revue des Deux Mondes December 15, 1867, shows that despite its a priori view favorable to Paraguay (compared by him to revolutionary France) makes a penetrating analysis of power relations between the belligerents and anticipates the consequences of the conflict.

This article intends to study the energy transition in Brazilian Amazonia, region for a long time isolated, late of development, but with real potentialities. The energy transition is there correlated to the specificities of this territory, in a process of inclusion within the national economy of a Brazil proud of its large proportion of renewable energies which intends to diversify its energy balance. The case of the State of the Pará, in oriental Amazonia, can be considered as "monohydroelectric " oriented. It differs from the case of the State of Amazonas which tends to an energy mix. The energy transition is understood here as a process of development by which a society rapidly growing and expanding, as the Brazilian, resolves its shortages of energy resources taking into consideration climatic impacts; more specifically in Amazonia, where the environmental issue stays in the center of policies of territorial development and in particular as far as the hydroelectric potential is concerned. We try here an approach of those paradoxes.

This article examines the territorialisation of the energy system in the Norte Grande (Chile). Mining firms have played a major role in the peopling and the spatial organization of the region. They have been able to build energy networks adapted to their needs ans strategies. The deregulation of the energy activity and the changes of the networks have allowed the major economic actors to build new energy infrastructures without interconnection with the rest of the country. An uncompleted international integration has been carried out, but it leaves many problems unsolved.

This paper explores South American regional integration from the vantage point of the very long boundary between Chile and Argentina and is material configurations. The drawing of this very long border, from international treaties to field, was a complex operation lasting more than one century. The limit is intersected by transcontinental itineraries that play a major role in the political projects of South American integration. Crossing devices, urban and road networks and exchanges define regional units.

Los biocombustibles introducen espacios agrí­colas en la producción energética. Luego modifican la gobernanza de las redes energéticas y de los territorios productivos. Las principales crí­ticas a los biocombustibles se dirigen a su producción a partir de cultivos tradicionales, pero interesa preguntarse también sobre la sostenibilidad de su producción a partir de cultivos alternativos, que no competirí­an con los cultivos alimentarios, puesto que se ubicarí­an en regiones agrí­colas marginales. El texto trata sobre las producciones de biocombustibles de los paí­ses de América del Sur, en sus contextos internacionales, nacionales y locales. Se profundiza la mirada sobre Argentina, Brasil y Colombia, lí­deres continentales en el sector. Se analizan la evolución del mercado energético, los actores involucrados y las polí­ticas implementadas. A otra escala, se plantea la puesta en marcha de las cadenas de biocombustibles alternativos.