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13. Wine Grapes (Vitis vinifera) and Wine-Based Food Supplements

Author

Blázovics Anna and Sárdi Éva

Subjects
Wine, food.ingredient, biology, Pectin, business.industry, fungi, food and beverages, Vitaceae, biology.organism_classification, food, Proanthocyanidin, Agriculture, Polyphenol, Food science, business, Vitis vinifera, Grape seed
Abstract

Grape, Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) crops have spread from the African Mediterranean region and nowadays are cultivated in many countries around the world. This fruit was consumed by the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Persians and reached the Far East being used as both a food and medicinal agent. Nowadays a lot of food supplements contain grape products (grapes, grape seed, grape leaves, wine) in different quantities. The main bioactive agents in grape berries and leaves are sugars, nitrogenous (quaternary ammonium compounds) and aroma-producing compounds, vitamins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phenolic and fruit acids, and tannins. They are very good sources of pectin as well as mineral elements depending on their subspecies and agricultural growing conditions. Grape seeds contain polyphenols (stilbenes in red grapes), fatty acids, linolenic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids, tocoferol isoforms, and quaternary ammonium compounds, in addition to mineral elements in their concentrated form. The number of food supplements is drastically increased by European Union law harmonization, because new ingredients, among other plant extracts, have been adopted to vitamins and minerals. It is important to remember that the consumption of food supplements should only occur when there is a dietary deficiency, a connection to a specific disease, of if it is necessary to increase stamina.

Published
2019

20. Relationships between the biochemical and spectral traits of leaves and the productivity of apple trees in organic and integrated production systems.

Author

Nemeskéri, Eszter, Kovács-Nagy, Eszter, and Sárdi, Éva

Subjects
EUKARYOTES, APPLES, BOTANY, DENDROCHRONOLOGY, ARBORICULTURE
Abstract

Three apple varieties were investigated in organic and integrated production systems with the objective to examine the relationships between carbohydrates, endogenous formaldehyde (HCHO) and SPAD value during fruit development. The leaves on the eastern, western and southern sides of the apple trees were investigated four times, at 57, 73, 99 and 120 days after flowering. Concentrations of glucose and fructose in the leaves were lower while the sucrose concentration was higher in organic production than in the integrated system. In the integrated production system the high SPAD value and its more intensive increase during fruit development indicated increased photosynthetic activity in the trees in comparison with organic production. In the organic production system, the increase in SPAD values was correlated with increasing ‘fixed’ HCHO concentrations and decreasing fructose concentrations in the leaves. In integrated production the increase in the SPAD value also resulted in a rise in the concentration of HCHO, while the concentrations of carbohydrates (glucose + fructose) in the leaves decreased gradually. The results indicated that the SPAD value and the endogenous formaldehyde concentration in the leaves measured during the early stage of fruit development can be used to characterize the productivity and suitability of the tree for organic production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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30. Extreme consumption of beta vulgarisvar. rubracan cause metal ion accumulation in the liver

Author

Blázovics, Anna, Sárdi, Éva, Szentmihályi, Klára, Váli, L., Takács-Hájos, Mária, and Stefanovits-Bányai, Éva

Abstract

Redox homeostasis can be considered as the cumulative action of all free radical reactions and antioxidant defences in different tissues, which provide suitable conditions for life. Transition metal ions are ubiquitous in biological systems. Beta vulgarisvar. rubra(table beet root) contains several bioactive agents (e.g. betain, betanin, vulgaxanthine, polyphenols, folic acid) and different metal elements (e.g. Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn), which act on the various physiological routes. Therefore we studied the effect of this metal rich vegetable on element content of the liver in healthy rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 7) (200 ± 20 g) were treated with lyophilised powder of table beet root (2 g/kg b. w.) added into the rat chow for 10 days. Five healthy animals served as control. We found significant accumulation of Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn and P in the liver, which was proved by ICP-AES measurements. We suppose that the extreme consumption of table beet root can cause several disturbances not only in cases of healthy patients but, e.g. in patients suffering with metal accumulating diseases, e.g. porphyria cutanea tarda, haemochromatosis or Wilson disease-although moderate consumption may be beneficial in iron-deficiency anaemia and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Published
2007
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