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A szerzők egy 50 éves myomás nőbeteget erythrocytosisa miatt vizsgáltak. A két lelet kapcsolatát, a myomás erythrocytosis gyanúját a vártnál magasabb erythropoetinszint erősítette, majd a supravaginalis hysterectomia a diagnózist igazolta. A műtét után a beteg vérképe normalizálódott, és szérum-erythropoetinszintje jelentősen csökkent. Az eset kapcsán a szerzők az uterusban termelődő erythropoetin fiziológiájáról, a szérum-erythropoetinszintek értékeléséről és differenciáldiagnosztikai hasznáról írnak. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(52): 2088–2092

A myeloproliferativ betegségeket genetikai hátterük alapján Philadelphia-kromoszóma-pozitív krónikus myeloid leukaemia, illetve Philadelphia-kromoszóma-negatív klasszikus myeloproliferativ neoplasia csoportokra bonthatjuk. Az utóbbiak hátterében a Janus-kináz-2 vagy a calreticulin gének mutációi állnak. Egy betegben a Philadelphia-kromoszóma-negatív és -pozitív myeloproliferativ neoplasiák együttes előfordulása irodalmi ritkaságnak számít. Munkánk során az elmúlt 20 év alatt mintegy 120, krónikus myeloid leukaemiás beteg hosszú távú követése kapcsán azon betegek klinikumát vizsgáltuk, akikben Philadelphia-kromoszóma-negatív myeloproliferativ neoplasiát is igazoltunk. A Philadelphia-kromoszóma jelenlétét klasszikus citogenetikai és/vagy fluoreszcens in situ hibridizációval mutattuk ki, majd a képződött BCR–ABL1 fúziós RNS mennyiségét kvantitatív, valós idejű polimeráz-láncreakcióval követtük. A Janus-kináz-2 és a kalretikulin gének mutációit szintén molekuláris genetikai módszerekkel, mennyiségi allélspecifikus polimeráz-láncreakcióval, illetve fragmensanalízissel mutattuk ki. A mutáns klónok mennyiségének időbeli változásának, valamint a klinikai adatoknak a segítségével következtettünk a betegségek kialakulásának dinamikájára. Munkánk során négy, Philadelphia-kromoszómát és a Janus-kináz-2/calreticulin gén mutációját is hordozó esetet azonosítottunk. Egyes esetekben a klónok vetélkedése, más esetben közös klónban együttes előfordulásuk volt megfigyelhető. Az izolált thrombocytosis a diagnóziskor, valamint a célzott kezelés hatására javuló genetikai eltérés mellett a perzisztáló vagy a fokozódó thrombocytosis hívhatja fel a figyelmet a két ritka hematológiai betegség társulásának lehetőségére. Eseteink felhívják a figyelmet arra, hogy a myeloproliferativ neoplasiák társulása kevésbé ritka, mint ahogy az irodalmi adatok sugallják. Ha a betegség szokatlan megjelenésű, vagy viselkedése ezt indokolttá teszi, felmerülhet a Philadelphia-kromoszóma-pozitív és -negatív myeloproliferativ neoplasiák társulásának gyanúja. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(28): 1123–1129.

A szuicid cselekmény hátterében álló lélektani folyamatok vonatkozásában továbbra is kevés megbízható információval rendelkezünk, továbbá a szuicidrizikó-becslő skálák is csak korlátozott prediktív értékkel bírnak. A nemrégiben leírt, úgynevezett szuicidspecifikus szindrómák – mint az akut szuicid affektív zavar és a szuicidkrízis-szindróma – azonban új lehetőségeket nyitnak a szuicid viselkedés komplex értelmezéséhez és az öngyilkossági rizikó becsléséhez. Írásunkban összefoglaljuk a szuicid viselkedés kialakulását magyarázó korszerű elméleti megközelítéseket és a szuicid viselkedés előrejelzésének lehetőségeit, valamint a praeszuicidális pszichopatológiai tünetek pontos felmérését célzó modern értékelő eljárásokat, kiemelve a szuicidspecifikus szindrómákat és az azok mérőeszközeit használó empirikus kutatások eredményeit. A fenti szindrómákra vonatkozó PubMed adatbázis szisztematikus irodalmi áttekintése alapján mind a szuicid affektív zavarra, mind a szuicidkrízis-szindrómára vonatkozó eredmények pozitívak a szuicid kísérletek megjósolhatósága szempontjából, illetve korrelálnak más, hasonló kérdőívekkel. A szuicidspecifikus szindrómák és mérőeszközeik hatékonynak bizonyulnak az elméleti kutatásokban és a klinikai alkalmazhatóság terén a szuicid kísérletek megjóslása vonatkozásában is, így hazai adaptálásuk és alkalmazásuk javasolható. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(22): 863–870.

Bacterial spot disease on peppers is caused by four species of the genus Xanthomonas. This disease causes black spot lesions not only on the leaves but also on the fruit, leading to yield and quality loss. Xanthomonas species cause major disease outbreaks in tropical, subtropical and humid continental regions worldwide. Bacterial blight caused by xanthomonads occurs on both greenhouse- and field-grown peppers and is particularly important in areas characterized by hot and humid environmental conditions. As pesticides are currently not sufficiently effective in the control of bacterial spot, the development of pepper varieties resistant to Xanthomonas species, including X. hortorum pv. gardneri, is of primary importance for sustainable production. In our research, 119 lines of Capsicum baccatum from the USDA ARS gene bank (Griffin, GA) and MATE (Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences) were tested against strains of X. hortorum pv. gardneri under greenhouse conditions. Four accessions of the wild pepper species C. baccatum appeared to be resistant to seven strains of X. hortorum pv. gardneri in greenhouse trials. The resistant genotypes of X. hortorum pv. gardneri identified in this study can be used for the resistance gene pyramidation against different bacterial spotted Xanthomonas species in pepper.

In the recent research and interpretation of the genetical-biological and environmental-social factors shaping psychosexual development, in addition to scientific arguments, more and more ideological and political aspect have received unfortunate emphasis.Since the literature investigating the development of gender identity and gender orientation has not only increased, but also polarized, it is timely to look at the scientific exchange of ideas and debates among the differing positions.Exploring the significance of genetic, biological and social factors involved in the development of gender identity and gender orientation based on international literature data.Based on the current state of science it can be concluded that, in addition to the indisputably marked genetic-biological factors, education and social patterns, as well as the extremely complex environmental and media-related influence with its variable intensity and diverse emotional content also play a significant role in the psychosexual development. This is supported, among other observations, by the data indicating that homoerotic behavior is more common in people raised by same-sex couples.As psychosexual development is determined jointly by both genetic-biological and social factors (like education, media etc), belonging to a sexual minority group is not a choice, not the result of a personal decision. Therefore, any kind of discrimination in this regard is unacceptable. Further scientific studies are necessary to answer a large number of questions that still remain open.

We report the case of a 50-year-old woman with severe erythrocytosis and uterine leiomyoma. The suspicion of myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome was supported by erythropoietin level higher than expected. After the supravaginal hysterectomy, the patient's red cell parameters normalized and the erythropoietin level markedly decreased. The authors are discussing the physiology of uterine erythropoietin, the evaluation and differential diagnostic value of erythropoietin investigations. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(52): 2088-2092.A szerzők egy 50 éves myomás nőbeteget erythrocytosisa miatt vizsgáltak. A két lelet kapcsolatát, a myomás erythrocytosis gyanúját a vártnál magasabb erythropoetinszint erősítette, majd a supravaginalis hysterectomia a diagnózist igazolta. A műtét után a beteg vérképe normalizálódott, és szérum-erythropoetinszintje jelentősen csökkent. Az eset kapcsán a szerzők az uterusban termelődő erythropoetin fiziológiájáról, a szérum-erythropoetinszintek értékeléséről és differenciáldiagnosztikai hasznáról írnak. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(52): 2088–2092.

Gene function analysis, molecular breeding, and the introduction of new traits in crop plants all require the development of a high-performance genetic transformation system. In numerous crops, including tomatoes, Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation is the preferred method. As one of our ongoing research efforts, we are in the process of mapping a broad-spectrum nematode resistance gene (Me1) in pepper. We work to transform tomato plants with candidate genes to confer resistance to nematodes in Solanaceae members. The transformation technology development is designed to produce a reproducible, rapid, and highly effective Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system of Micro-Tom. In our system, a transformation efficiency of over 90% was achieved. The entire procedure, starting from the germination of seeds to the establishment of transformed plants in soil, was completed in 53 days. We confirmed the presence of the NeoR/KanR and DsRed genes in the transformed roots by polymerase chain reaction. The hairy root plants were infected with nematodes, and after 3 months, the presence of DsRed and NeoR/KanR genes was detected in the transformant roots to confirm the long-term effectiveness of the method. The presented study may facilitate root-related research and exploration of root–pathogen interactions.

We investigated the effect of overexpressing Fragaria vesca L. cv. Rügen S-adenosyl-l-methionine synthase (FvSAMS) and decarboxylase (FvSAMDC) genes on control and salt stressed Nicotiana benthamiana Domin plants. According to previous studies the overproduction of both proteins enhances the abiotic stress tolerance of plants, but the two enzymes have not yet been studied in one experimental system. We found that the transgenic plants subjected to long-term salt stress displayed higher levels of tolerance than the wild type (WT). In contrast to several earlier studies no antagonistic effect between ethylene and polyamine biosynthesis was observed in our experimental system. Overexpression of FvSAMDC had higher impact on the plant physiological parameters both in control and salt stress conditions, than that of FvSAMS. Based on the data measured in the FvSAMDC lines there appears to be a positive correlation between the free polyamine levels and the proline content as well as the amount of ethylene, while there is a negative correlation between the free polyamine levels and the lignin content in the plants exposed to salt stress. The transformation vectors contained the CaMV35S promoter, the coding sequence of FvSAMS and FvSAMDC fused with synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP). We detected the subcellular localization of both enzymes and examined the possible stress induced changes in their distribution. In the case of FvSAMS::sGFP nuclear, nucleolar, cytoplasmic (near to the plasmalemma), plastid membrane, whereas in FvSAMDC::sGFP nuclear and homogenous cytoplasmic localization was detected. Therefore, SAM is assumed to be produced in situ for numerous biochemical reactions.

Absztrakt: A repetitív transcranialis mágneses stimulációs eljárás egy olyan neuromodulációs technika, melynek gyorsan fejlődő területe jelentheti az egyik biztonságos, alternatív megközelítési módot bizonyos mentális zavarok, elsősorban a terápiarezisztens major depresszív zavar kezelésében. Célunk a transcranialis mágneses stimulációs kezelés jelenlegi kutatási és klinikai alkalmazási lehetőségeinek bemutatása a szakirodalmi adatok és a klinikai gyakorlat áttekintése alapján. Mióta ismertté vált, hogy külső mágneses forrással neuronok depolarizálhatók, mind a neurológia, mind a pszichiátria az eljárás lehetséges klinikai használatát kutatja. Napjainkig a módszer a pszichiátria területén belül a major depresszív zavar és a kényszeres zavar kezelésében engedélyezett, de egyéb betegségek (például szkizofrénia, bipoláris zavar) kezelésében is kutatják lehetséges alkalmazását. A transcranialis mágneses stimulációs rendszerek fejlesztésének következő lépcsőjét jelenti a mágnesesrezonancia-felvétel alapján, helymeghatározó algoritmusok segítségével, valós időben navigált mágneses stimulációs készülékek kidolgozása. Az úgynevezett neuronavigációs rendszerek lehetővé teszik a depresszió kialakulásáért felelős idegi hálózatok pontos célzását, így a dorsolateralis praefrontalis kéreg excitabilitásának fokozását a bal féltekén és csökkentését a jobb féltekén. Az eljárás kevés kontraindikációval bír, és a megfelelő körültekintéssel választott indikáció és betegpopuláció esetén mellékhatások is alacsony számban jelentkeznek. A transcranialis mágneses stimulációs kezelés mára bizonyítottan hatékony módszerré vált bizonyos mentális zavarok, elsősorban a terápiarezisztens major depresszív zavar kezelésében. A jövőben a neuronavigációs neuromodulációs kezelések, azon belül is a repetitív transcranialis mágneses stimulációs kezelés térhódítása várható a pszichiátria és a neurológia területén. Jelenleg Magyarországon több centrumban is végeznek különböző indikációkban mágneses stimulációs kezeléseket, ám az eljárás mentális zavarokban történő alkalmazásának finanszírozási befogadása és beépítése a mindennapi klinikai gyakorlatba még várat magára. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(1): 3–10.

Background The quality of life (QOL) of the elderly can be influenced by numerous factors. We assessed QOL, cognitive functions, depression and clinical data in elderly aged 65 and over with the aim of analysing factors affecting their QOL. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with elderly over the age of 65, and their QOL, cognitive functions and depressive symptoms were assessed by validated clinical tests and screening tools. Results The correlation between QOL scales and cognitive tests was not significant. In contrast, the results of depression scales showed significant negative correlation with the scores of the QOL scales. A better QOL was determined by lower age, lack of depressive symptoms, and higher scores in the QOL-AD (Alzheimer's disease) scale. Depressive mood has much more negative impact on the QOL of the elderly than cognitive impairment. Conclusions Our results demonstrated a close correlation between QOL and depressive mood in the elderly. The early detection and effective management of affective and cognitive symptoms in the elderly can not only restore mental health but may also improve their QOL.

There is still little reliable information about the psychological processes underlying suicidal behaviour, and suicide risk assessment scales also have only limited predictive value. However, the recently described suicide-specific syndromes such as acute suicidal affective disorder (ASAD) and suicide crisis syndrome (SCS) open up new possibilities for a complex interpretation and prediction of suicidal behaviour. We briefly summarize modern theoretical approaches explaining the development of suicidal behaviour, the possibilities of predicting suicide risk, and contemporary methods of assessing pre-suicidal psychopathological symptoms, highlighting the suicide-specific syndromes and their screening tools. The results of the systematic review of the suicide-specific syndrome literature indicate that both the ASAD construct and the SCS may be helpful in predicting suicidal behaviour and they correlate with other similar questionnaires. Suicide-specific syndromes and the measurement tools are proven to be effective in theoretical research as well as in the field of clinical applicability in the prediction of suicidal behaviour, so their adaptation and application in Hungary may be recommended.A szuicid cselekmény hátterében álló lélektani folyamatok vonatkozásában továbbra is kevés megbízható információval rendelkezünk, továbbá a szuicidrizikó-becslő skálák is csak korlátozott prediktív értékkel bírnak. A nemrégiben leírt, úgynevezett szuicidspecifikus szindrómák – mint az akut szuicid affektív zavar és a szuicidkrízis-szindróma – azonban új lehetőségeket nyitnak a szuicid viselkedés komplex értelmezéséhez és az öngyilkossági rizikó becsléséhez. Írásunkban összefoglaljuk a szuicid viselkedés kialakulását magyarázó korszerű elméleti megközelítéseket és a szuicid viselkedés előrejelzésének lehetőségeit, valamint a praeszuicidális pszichopatológiai tünetek pontos felmérését célzó modern értékelő eljárásokat, kiemelve a szuicidspecifikus szindrómákat és az azok mérőeszközeit használó empirikus kutatások eredményeit. A fenti szindrómákra vonatkozó PubMed adatbázis szisztematikus irodalmi áttekintése alapján mind a szuicid affektív zavarra, mind a szuicidkrízis-szindrómára vonatkozó eredmények pozitívak a szuicid kísérletek megjósolhatósága szempontjából, illetve korrelálnak más, hasonló kérdőívekkel. A szuicidspecifikus szindrómák és mérőeszközeik hatékonynak bizonyulnak az elméleti kutatásokban és a klinikai alkalmazhatóság terén a szuicid kísérletek megjóslása vonatkozásában is, így hazai adaptálásuk és alkalmazásuk javasolható. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(22): 863–870.

Abstract: Introduction: Drug-taking habit is not infrequent in the young population. There is a need of proven effective drug prevention programs. Aim: The aim of our study was to analyze the efficiency of the Hungarian Police’s DADA school-drug prevention program. Method: The research program was carried out by a standard questionnaire at Apáczai Csere János Primary School in Pécs and Kodolányi János Primary School in Pécsvárad. Results: After analyzing the participating students’ answers, the results showed that the rate of those, who “know everything” about drugs, increased from 27% to 37.3%, and of those, who did “not know anything”, decreased from 5.6% to 1.6% (p

Background: Despite of the decreasing suicide rates in many countries, suicide is still a major public health concern worldwide. Traditional suicide risk factors have limited clinical predictive value, as they provide little reliable information on the acute psychological processes leading to suicide.Aims: The aim of this analysis is to describe and compare the recently introduced two suicide-specific syndromes [Acute Suicidal Affective Disturbance (ASAD) and Suicidal Crisis Syndrome (SCS)] with the classic psychological features of pre-suicidal crisis and also to assess the clinical utility of the new suicide prediction scales in contrast to classical risk factors.Method: Conceptual analysis.Results: Suicide-specific syndromes are not novel in terms of symptomatology or dynamics of symptom onset, but in their use of well-defined diagnostic criteria. In addition to symptomatic classification, they also provide an opportunity to objectively measure the current pre-suicidal emotional and mental state by validated tools.Limitations: Future studies need to be completed to prove the reliability and predictive validity of suicide-specific diagnostic categories and the related suicide risk assessment tools.Conclusion: Clinical use of suicide-specific syndromes is suggested. This transdiagnostic approach not only enables a more accurate and objective assessment of imminent suicide risk, but also facilitates research in neuroscience, which represent a major step forward in managing and complex understanding of suicidal behavior.

UNSTRUCTURED Real-world data are crucial to continuously improve the management of patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). The German RheumaDatenRhePort (RHADAR) registry encompasses a network of rheumatologists and researchers in Germany providing pseudonymized real-world patient data and allowing timely and continuous improvement in the care of RMD patients. The RHADAR modules allow automated anamnesis and adaptive coordination of appointments regarding individual urgency levels. Further modules focus on the collection and integration of electronic patient-reported outcomes in between consultations. The digital RHADAR modules ultimately allow a patient-centered adaptive approach to integrated medical care starting as early as possible in the disease course. Such a closed-loop system consisting of various modules along the whole patient pathway enables comprehensive and timely patient management in an unprecedented manner.

The Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib has revolutionised the therapeutic landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Acquired mutations emerging at position C481 in the BTK tyrosine kinase domain are the predominant genetic alterations associated with secondary ibrutinib resistance. To assess the correlation between disease progression, and the emergence and temporal dynamics of the most common resistance mutation BTK

The Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib has revolutionised the therapeutic landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Acquired mutations emerging at position C481 in the BTK tyrosine kinase domain are the predominant genetic alterations associated with secondary ibrutinib resistance. To assess the correlation between disease progression, and the emergence and temporal dynamics of the most common resistance mutation BTKC481S , sensitive (10-4 ) time-resolved screening was performed in 83 relapsed/refractory CLL patients during single-agent ibrutinib treatment. With a median follow-up time of 40 months, BTKC481S was detected in 48·2% (40/83) of the patients, with 80·0% (32/40) of them showing disease progression during the examined period. In these 32 cases, representing 72·7% (32/44) of all patients experiencing relapse, emergence of the BTKC481S mutation preceded the symptoms of clinical relapse with a median of nine months. Subsequent Bcl-2 inhibition therapy applied in 28/32 patients harbouring BTKC481S and progressing on ibrutinib conferred clinical and molecular remission across the patients. Our study demonstrates the clinical value of sensitive BTKC481S monitoring with the largest longitudinally analysed real-world patient cohort reported to date and validates the feasibility of an early prediction of relapse in the majority of ibrutinib-treated relapsed/refractory CLL patients experiencing disease progression.

No abstract avalilable.

Background Several studies demonstrated the role of depressive mood and cognitive impairment in the background of elevated mortality and decreased Quality of Life (QoL) in old age. Our aim was to assess depressive and cognitive symptoms among older people in order to determine if those are recognized and treated or not, to elucidate the association between them and to investigate their impact on QoL. Methods In the framework of the ICT4Life project self-administered questionnaires and clinical screening tools were used to assess QoL, depressive symptoms and cognitive functions of 60 older persons over the age of 65. Results Males found to be depressed (53.8 vs. 40.4%) and cognitively declined (53.8 vs. 48.9%) more frequently; and had higher scores on the depression (6.85 vs. 5.32) and lower on the QoL (47.38 vs. 50.19) scales. Depressed older persons had lower cognitive levels (24.39 vs. 21.52) and their QoL was significantly poorer (53.97 vs. 43.85) than that of the non-depressed subjects. Depressive symptoms were detected in almost half of the older adults (43.9%), and the majority (80.77%) did not receive antidepressant medication. Conclusions Depressive and cognitive symptoms found to be common among older people, but were not recognized and treated in most cases. Close correlation between depression and cognitive impairment was also confirmed, as well as the key role of depression in the background of pseudo-dementia and QoL decline. Early recognition of depressive symptoms is important not only to treat the underlying mood disorder, but also to improve QoL of older persons.

Although more and more data is now available on the background of suicidal behaviour, classical suicidal risk factors have only limited clinical predictive value because they provide little reliable information on the acute psychological processes leading to suicidal behaviour. As the lack of recognition of acute suicidal risk limits the ability to provide adequate care, intense research has begun to develop validated methods for risk analysis and risk assessment that provide more accurate predictions of suicidal behaviour. In recent years, two specific syndromes have been described that may assist in the more accurate assessment of presuicidal psychopathology and thus in the prediction of suicidal behaviour. Researchers from the United States suggest the introduction and the clinical use of two suicide-specific syndromes, the Acute Suicidal Affective Disorder (ASAD) and Suicidal Crisis Syndrome (SCS). In this paper, we present the most important features of these newly described suicide-specific syndromes, the experience with their clinical application, and the major research findings about them. Then these syndromes are compared with the classical psychological features of pre-suicidal crisis to find out whether these are really new transdiagnostic interpretations of the symptoms of suicidal behaviour or those are merely the well-known classical symptoms with new terminology.

The rapidly evolving field of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a neuromodulational technique may mean a safe, alternative approach to the management of several mental disorders, especially treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Our aim is to describe the current role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in research and routine clinical practice, based on the literature and clinical protocols. Since the discovery, that an outer magnetic source can depolarize neurons, both neurology and psychiatry seek the method's possible clinical utility. To date, in the field of psychiatry, the method is only approved in the treatment of major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, but research continues to find application in other mental disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), too. The next step in the evolution of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is based on magnetic resonance guided, real-time navigation with the help of positioning algorithms. The so-called neuronavigational systems make precise aiming of neuronal circuits responsible for the development of depression, thus increasing the excitability of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and decreasing it on the right hemisphere. The method has few contraindications, and the occurrence of side effects can be minimized by carefully selected patient population. For today, transcranial magnetic stimulation became an evidence-based, effective treatment for some mental disorders, especially treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. It is to be assumed that in the future neuronavigational neuromodulation techniques, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, will be widely used in the field of psychiatry and neurology. Magnetic stimulation is currently available in a number of centres in Hungary, but the financial approval and the implementation of this neuromodulation method for treating mental disorders in the everyday clinical practice are still in progress. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(1): 3-10.Absztrakt: A repetitív transcranialis mágneses stimulációs eljárás egy olyan neuromodulációs technika, melynek gyorsan fejlődő területe jelentheti az egyik biztonságos, alternatív megközelítési módot bizonyos mentális zavarok, elsősorban a terápiarezisztens major depresszív zavar kezelésében. Célunk a transcranialis mágneses stimulációs kezelés jelenlegi kutatási és klinikai alkalmazási lehetőségeinek bemutatása a szakirodalmi adatok és a klinikai gyakorlat áttekintése alapján. Mióta ismertté vált, hogy külső mágneses forrással neuronok depolarizálhatók, mind a neurológia, mind a pszichiátria az eljárás lehetséges klinikai használatát kutatja. Napjainkig a módszer a pszichiátria területén belül a major depresszív zavar és a kényszeres zavar kezelésében engedélyezett, de egyéb betegségek (például szkizofrénia, bipoláris zavar) kezelésében is kutatják lehetséges alkalmazását. A transcranialis mágneses stimulációs rendszerek fejlesztésének következő lépcsőjét jelenti a mágnesesrezonancia-felvétel alapján, helymeghatározó algoritmusok segítségével, valós időben navigált mágneses stimulációs készülékek kidolgozása. Az úgynevezett neuronavigációs rendszerek lehetővé teszik a depresszió kialakulásáért felelős idegi hálózatok pontos célzását, így a dorsolateralis praefrontalis kéreg excitabilitásának fokozását a bal féltekén és csökkentését a jobb féltekén. Az eljárás kevés kontraindikációval bír, és a megfelelő körültekintéssel választott indikáció és betegpopuláció esetén mellékhatások is alacsony számban jelentkeznek. A transcranialis mágneses stimulációs kezelés mára bizonyítottan hatékony módszerré vált bizonyos mentális zavarok, elsősorban a terápiarezisztens major depresszív zavar kezelésében. A jövőben a neuronavigációs neuromodulációs kezelések, azon belül is a repetitív transcranialis mágneses stimulációs kezelés térhódítása várható a pszichiátria és a neurológia területén. Jelenleg Magyarországon több centrumban is végeznek különböző indikációkban mágneses stimulációs kezeléseket, ám az eljárás mentális zavarokban történő alkalmazásának finanszírozási befogadása és beépítése a mindennapi klinikai gyakorlatba még várat magára. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(1): 3–10.

The main objective of the present study was to determine the contributions of autotrophic and heterotrophic components to the total soil CO2 efflux over three years with high-frequency data acquisition by means of automated measurements. Soil CO2 efflux was measured continuously by using an automated open system of 10 soil respiration chambers in a sandy grassland in Hungary. Mesh-collar technique was applied to separate the components of the total respiration. Data were collected (1) in root-exclusion (Exr), (2) in root- and mycorrhiza exclusion (Exrm) and (3) in control plots (Exc, roots and mycorrhiza included). We fitted three different models to describe the dependence of total soil CO2 efflux measured on the Exc (Rs), CO2 efflux measured on Exr (RTR) and CO2 efflux measured on Exrm (RTRM) on abiotic and biotic drivers. The best fitted model (based on AIC) was later on used in a simulation process. The contribution by rhizospheric respiration (simulated, Rrhizo*) was 36 ± 21%, the contribution by mycorrhizal respiration (simulated, Rmyc*) to the total soil respiration was 9 ± 9% while the contribution by heterotrophic respiration (simulated, Rhet*) was 55 ± 21% on average. Measured mycorrhizal respiration (RM) responded to GPP with a time lag of 0–2 days in active period. Drought affected the autotrophic component of soil respiration the most intensively: raise of soil water content resulted in increase of RS by 175% while RTR and RTRM increased by 127% and 93%, respectively. The results highlight the fact that it would be useful to establish and apply separate models for each component.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Absztrakt

Abstract. Background: Several studies found a significant relationship between important sport events and suicidal behavior. Aims: We set out to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between the raw suicide rate and the most important international sports events (Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, UEFA European Championship) in such an achievement-oriented society as the Hungarian one, where these sport events receive great attention. Method: We examined suicide cases occurring over 15,706 days between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 2012 (43 years), separately for each gender. Because of the age-specific characteristics of suicide, the effects of these sport events were analyzed for the middle-aged (30–59 years old) and the elderly (over 60 years old) generations as well as for gender-specific population groups. The role of international sport events was examined with the help of time-series intervention analysis after cyclical and seasonal components were removed. Intervention analysis was based on the ARIMA model. Results: Our results showed that only the Olympic Games had a significant effect in the middle-aged population. Neither in the older male nor in any of the female age groups was a relationship between suicide and Olympic Games detected. Conclusion: The Olympic Games seem to decrease the rate of suicide among middle-aged men, slightly but significantly.

Background: The germline telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) rs2736100_C variant was identified as a susceptibility factor for a variety of solid tumors and recently for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Methods: LightCycler melting curve analysis was applied to detect risk alleles of TERT rs2736100_C and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) rs12343867_C tagging 46/1 haplotype in 584 BCR-ABL1–negative MPN, 308 acute, and 86 chronic myeloid leukemia (AML and CML) patients and 400 healthy individuals. Results: TERT rs2736100_C showed an increased allele frequency in BCR-ABL1–negative MPN patients compared with controls (62.7%±2.8% vs. 48.8%±3.5%, P < 0.0001) regardless of molecular background or disease type, but not in CML or AML. Combined TERT and JAK2 hetero- or homozygosity conferred even higher risk for classic MPN. Common complications (thrombosis, myelofibrosis, or leukemia) were not associated with the TERT variant; however, adverse survival was noted in TERT variant carrier polycythemia vera patients. MPN patients with the TERT CC genotype had a higher probability (44.4%) to die from solid tumors compared with TERT AC/AA individuals (5.3%; P = 0.004). TERT rs2736100_C carriers had increased risk of solid tumors independently from cytoreductive treatment [3.08 (1.03–9.26), P = 0.045]. Conclusions: TERT rs2736100_C polymorphism predisposes to the development of BCR-ABL1–negative MPN with the co-occurrence of solid tumors, especially with the usage of cytoreductive treatment. Impact: The high frequency of TERT variant in the classic MPN population highlights the importance of the avoidance of long-term cytoreductive treatment in MPN patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(1); 98–104. ©2015 AACR.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Modern information and communication tools have increasingly become an indispensable part of our everyday life. Research data demonstrate that it can be used effectively to preserve and restore health, not just among young people but also among the elderly, as for nowadays the use of the internet is widespread among the elderly, but healthcare applications are less well-known. This supports the significance of our project since it is important to develop and introduce disease-specific healthcare applications. Our preliminary results also indicated that men are less open to these new technologies, so in their case, specific methods are needed to facilitate the use of electronic devices. The high level of internet activity and the interest in information and communication technologies provide a reliable basis for applying these new technologies to the elderly. Thus, based on our research, we can develop a complex model of care based on the bio-psycho-social principles, which can be a significant advance in the prevention and early detection of age-related mental disorders and in alleviating the physical and psychological burdens of people with dementia and their families. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(24): 965-973.Absztrakt: A modern információs és kommunikációs eszközök egyre inkább a mindennapok nélkülözhetetlen részeivé válnak. Kutatási adatok bizonyítják, hogy az egészség megőrzése és helyreállítása érdekében is eredményesen alkalmazhatók, nemcsak a fiatalok, de az idősebbek körében is, hiszen mára az idősek között is jelentősen elterjedt az internet használata, az egészségügyi alkalmazások azonban kevésbé ismertek. Ez projektünk jelentőségét támasztja alá, hiszen kiemelt fontossággal bír a betegségspecifikus egészségügyi alkalmazások kialakítása és megismertetése. Előzetes felméréseink arra is utaltak, hogy a férfiak erre kevésbé nyitottak, így az ő esetükben specifikus módszerek szükségesek az elektronikus eszközök alkalmazásának elősegítése érdekében. A nagy arányú internetes aktivitás és az információs és kommunikációs érdeklődés megbízható alapot nyújt ezeknek az új technológiáknak az idősek körében való alkalmazására. Így kutatásunk segítségével olyan – a biopszichoszociális alapelveken nyugvó – komplex ellátási modellt tudunk kidolgozni, mely jelentős előrelépést jelenthet az időskori mentális zavarok megelőzésében és korai felismerésében, valamint a dementiával élők és családjuk testi és lelki terheinek enyhítésében. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(24): 965–973.

As dementia, including Alzheimer's disease is a major public health issue worldwide, there are many efforts at European level to promote active and healthy ageing. University of Pecs joined the ICT4Life project - supported by the European Union H2020 programme - in 2016. The aim of this three-years project is to improve qualityof- life and autonomy of patients with mild or moderate dementia with developing a new Information and Communication Technology (ICT) platform, which may provide help for patients, caregivers and professionals.The ICT4Life research is conducted among patients with cognitive decline, their relatives, caregivers, and professionals involved in their care. The needs of the different actors are assessed with semi-structured interviews and clinical scales (cognitive and affective scales, quality-of-life measurements, functionality, caregiver burden), which help to develop a user-friendly, adaptive and personalized platform.Using the integrated ICT platform (bio-sensors, smart TV, tablet, mobile, bracelet) may contribute to monitor (physical, psycho-motor and emotional states) elderly with cognitive decline and to provide better and personalized care for them. The platform includes cognitive enhancement with gamification, and focuses also on the decrease of professional and caregiver burden.Here we report on the ICT4Life programme, which develops an ICT solution for individuals with early stage cognitive impairment while contributing in a user-friendly way to extending their independence and improve their quality-of-life.

Introduction Mentalization is the ability to attribute mental states (intentions, desires, thoughts, emotions) to others, and hence to predict their behaviour. This ability fundamentally determines our participation in social relationships and adaptation to society. A significant proportion of the disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) affects those brain structures and neurotransmitter systems that play a role in the mentalizing processes. Accordingly, a number of CNS disorders may be associated with mentalizing deficits, which may affect the outcome of these diseases. Here, we review recent research on mentalizing abilities in neurological diseases. Methods An internet database search was performed to identify publications on the subject. Results Sixty-two publications in English corresponded to the search criteria. These publications reported impaired mentalization in several neurological disorders (e.g. epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, dementias, traumatic brain injury). Discussion The results indicate that a number of neurological disorders associate with mentalizing deficit. This deficit is often present in the early stages of the diseases and has a prognostic value, which in turn emphasizes the importance of the early detection and adequate rehabilitation.

Introduction: Mutations in Janus kinase 2, calreticulin and thrombopoietin receptor genes have been identified in the genetic background of Philadelphia chromosome negative, “classic” myeloproliferative neoplasms. Aim: The aim of the authors was to identify driver mutations in a large myeloproliferative cohort of 949 patients. Method: A complex array of molecular techniques (qualitative and quantitative allele-specific polymerase chain reactions, fragment analyzes, high resolution melting and Sanger sequencing) was applied. Results: All 354 patients with polycythemia vera carried Janus kinase 2 mutations (V617F 98.6%, exon 12: 1.4%). In essential thrombocythemia (n = 468), the frequency of V617F was 61.3% (n = 287), that of calreticulin 25.2% (n = 118), and that of thrombopoietin receptor mutations 2.1% (n = 10), while 11.3% (n = 53) were triple-negative. Similar distribution was observed in primary myelofibrosis (n = 127): 58.3% (n = 74) V617F, 23.6% (n = 30) calreticulin, 6.3% (n = 8) thrombopoietin receptor mutation positive and 11.8% (n = 15) triple-negative. Conclusions: The recent discovery of calreticulin gene mutations led to definite molecular diagnostics in around 90% of clonal myeloproliferative cases. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(52), 2074–2081.

In view of the demonstrated relationship between rumination time and health status, the general welfare and metabolic condition of ruminants are often assessed by the examination of rumen function. The main goal of this study was to monitor the daily rumination activity (RA) and its connection with actual liveweight (LW), milk yield (MY) and with two diseases (subclinical hyperketonaemia — SHK, uterine disease — UD) in 96 cows on the basis of a total of 1638 observations in Israel. The studied sample gave a highly significant response, showing that the selected diseases had a diminishing impact on RA and LW and no influence on MY. It can be concluded that the change of RA as determined by electronic monitoring, complemented by the change of LW, is a useful general indicator of health status and subclinical disease before the appearance of clinical signs.

Summerville és Rose (2008) a Higgins-féle önszabályozás elmélet (1997, 1998) és az azt vizsgáló mérőeszközökkel kapcsolatban végzett kutatásai nyomán arra a következtetésre jutott, hogy az önszabályozás koncepciója két különböző konstruktumot von egybe, az ideálok, illetve a kötelességek motivációs bázisát (önvezérlés), valamint a nyereség megszerzésének, illetve a veszteségek elkerülésének vágyát (referenciapont). Az első koncepciót az RFQ teszt, a másodikat a GRFM teszt vizsgálja. Egy nagyobb, 1023 fős mintán vizsgáltuk a Lockwood, Jordan és Kunda (2002) által megalkotott GRFM teszt validitását abból a célból, hogy támpontokat kapjunk a skála megbízhatóságáról és érvényességéről. Egy kisebb mintán végzett további vizsgálat segítségével elemeztük, hogy az RFQ és a GRFM a regulációs fókusz egységes felfogását tükrözi-e. Előzetes vizsgálatok tapasztalatait megerősítve mi sem találtunk megfelelő együttjárást a két skála eredményei között. így csatlakozunk Summerville és Rose nézetéhez, amely szerint a két teszt a regulációs fókusz különböző felfogását tükrözi. A Megismerés iránti szükséglet (NFCS) és az Ambiguitás iránti tolerancia (MSTAT-II) skálákkal kapott eredményeink ugyanakkor megerősítik mindkét teszt külső validitását. Vizsgálataink eredményeképpen a regulációs fókusz dichotóm felfogása helyett egy olyan kategorizációt javasolunk, ami számot vet azzal, hogy számos olyan személy található, aki mind a promóció-, mind a prevenciófókuszt mérő alskálán magas vagy alacsony eredményt ért el. Az így kialakított négy kategória tagságának számát és demográfiai jellegzetességeit tekintve alkalmasnak bizonyult arra, hogy további vizsgálatokban az önszabályozás komplexebb vizsgálatának kiindulópontjául szolgáljanak.

Studies show that patients with schizophrenia have problems with understanding non-literal language, presumably due to theory of mind (ToM) dysfunction, while literal language processing remains intact in these patients. Furthermore, studies about the influence of general intelligence on non-literal language processing show incongruent results in schizophrenia. In the present study, our aim was to identify the influence of good intellectual skills (that is, good neurocognitive skills in general) on non-literal language comprehension on a preliminary sample of schizophrenic patients. 19 patients with schizophrenia and 19 healthy controls (carefully matched for all subtests of WAIS) completed different language tasks in the form of an interview, including conventional and unconventional metaphors, irony, Gricean implicatures, control implicatures and semantics. In the case of the Gricean implicatures, the comprehension of the linguistic incongruity of the utterance and also the comprehension of the intended meaning of the speaker were examined separately. To explore the effect of IQ on non-literal language comprehension, we divided the schizophrenia group into a lower-IQ (IQ ≤ 106) and a higher-IQ (IQ > 106) subgroup by making a median split (median IQ = 106). Our results showed that schizophrenics with lower-IQ were able to understand conventional metaphors presumably relying on their good semantic processing, while they were impaired in the comprehension of unconventional metaphors and irony. However, the higher-IQ schizophrenia subgroup was able to comprehend not only conventional metaphors, but also unconventional metaphors and irony, supposedly using IQ-dependent compensatory mechanisms. Interestingly, both the lower- and the higher-IQ schizophrenia subgroups showed significant impairment in the comprehension of the ToM question of the Gricean implicatures and the patients' IQ had no significant impact on the comprehension of such ToM questions. In conclusion, our findings assume a possible compensatory effect of general cognitive skills on non-literal language processing in schizophrenia. We also argue for the importance of using more complex ToM tasks in order to detect the existing ToM deficit in schizophrenic patients with good cognitive skills.

Schizophrenic patients have Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits even during remission, but it is yet unknown whether this could be influenced. We examined the neural correlates of irony understanding in schizophrenic patients, as an indicator of ToM capacity, and evaluated how linguistic help inserted into the context phase could affect irony comprehension. Schizophrenic patients in remission and healthy controls were subjected to event-related functional MRI scanning while performing irony, 'irony with linguistic help', and control tasks. Patients understood irony significantly worse than healthy controls. The patients showed stronger brain activity in the parietal and frontal areas in the early phase of irony task, however the healthy controls exhibited higher activation in frontal, temporal and parietal regions in the latter phase of the irony task. Interestingly the linguistic help not only improved the patients' ToM performance, but it also evoked similar activation pattern to healthy controls.

The insufficient response of patients to antidepressant medications may result from several factors, including altered drug metabolism. CYP2D6 genotyping may help assess the possible factors that contribute to difficult-to-treat depression. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of CYP2D6 allelic variants and the prevalence of predicted CYP2D6 phenotypes in patients who were suffering from difficult-to-treat depression and compare the data with those for the healthy population of Hungary.55 patients who failed to respond to 2 or more adequate trials of different CYP2D6-dependent antidepressants were selected for genotyping.The prevalence of the predicted CYP2D6 phenotypes in the patient population was 1.8% for the UMs, 80.0% for EMs, 3.6% for IMs and 14.5% for PMs compared with 1.9% for UMs, 83.3% for EMs, 6.5% for IMs and 8.3% for PMs in the Hungarian population.The CYP2D6 allele frequencies and the predicted phenotype distributions in patients with difficult-to-treat depression were not significantly different to those found in the healthy population of Hungary. The cumulative frequency of the CYP2D6*1XN, *2XN and *35XN alleles was 0.9% in the patient population -suggesting that CYP2D6 duplication or multiplication does not play a significant role in antidepressant pharmacotherapy failure in this patient sample. The cumulative frequency of the non-functional alleles (33.5%) and the prevalence of the genetically determined PM phenotype (14.5%) were relatively high in the patient group. These figures draw attention to the possibility of unrecognised and non-reported side effects and non-adherence to drug treatment.

Mercury and lead concentrations were measured in the livers of cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis), an aquatic bird species living and nesting in the special, highly protected nature conservation area of Kis-Balaton, Hungary. The measurements of metal concentrations were performed by atomic absorption spectrometry using the cold vapour method for mercury and the electrothermal method for lead. Mercury concentrations in the livers were significantly higher in the adult population (4.479 ± 3.336 mg/kg dry matter, DM) than in the juvenile birds (2.682 ± 2.087 mg/kg DM), indicating an increase of bioaccumulation with age. A similar pattern was not observed for lead. There were no statistical differences between males and females either in mercury or in lead concentrations. The average levels of mercury (3.580 ± 2.906 mg/kg DM) and lead (0.746 ± 0.499 mg/kg DM) were statistically different in the liver. No correlation was found between the concentrations of the two heavy metals. Recently, the wild birds have been chronically exposed to subtoxic amounts of metals which have a tendency to accumulate especially in the soft tissues.