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BACKGROUND: Psychometrical evaluation of persons of diverse contexts and different populations, including general or clinical. OBJECTIVE: This review study aimed to evaluate the psychometrics quality of resilience scales. METHODS: International and Iranian databases were searched with MESH terms, including psychometric, validity, reliability, Connor-Davidson resilience scale, Resilience scale, for published articles up to 1 February 2023. For each of the selected studies, the risk of bias was evaluated using the COSMIN Risk of Bias Checklist. Then the COSMIN checklist was used to evaluate the entire text of the article for methodological quality. RESULTS: Considering the inclusion criteria, 80 documents were evaluated. According to the COSMINs criteria for evaluating the risk of bias, the current study findings revealed the included studies limitations in assessing the three versions of CD-RISC cross-cultural and content validity as well as their stability (e.g. conducting test re-test), whereas the majority of psychometric studies of CD-RISC-25, and CD-RISC-2 rated as very good or adequate in terms of structural validity. In terms of quality assessment of the included studies, the current study indicated that investigating the structural validity of the CD-RISC was mainly done based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis was absent. CONCLUSION: The general result indicates the acceptability of the quality of the studies. However, concerns for measurement properties such as responsiveness and criterion validity as well as the standard error of measurement have been neglected.

The social functioning of adults with Down Syndrome (DS) specially influences their quality of life. Emotional intelligence (EI) plays a key role in social outcomes because it is defined as a variety of social and emotional skills that enable people to be more effective in their personal and social lives. Thus, validated EI tests for use among adults with DS must be reliable. This study aimed to evaluate psychometric properties of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (EQ-i:YV) in adults with DS. A two-stage cross-sectional investigation was conducted. First, a pilot study (n = 10) was performed to test internal consistency and item analysis of the subscales; second, exploratory (n = 90) and confirmatory (n = 96) factor analyses were carried out. The 5-factor structure of the EQ-i:YV was confirmed: general mood, stress management, adaptability, interpersonal and intrapersonal. The internal consistency (alpha and split halves) of all five dimensions and the total calculated score of the EQ-i:YV yielded high values. This new version of the EQ-i:YV represents a valid and reliable tool to assess EI in Spanish adults with DS.

The immigration of young people from Morocco has increased considerably in Spain. However, there are few studies on this particular subpopulation of immigrants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of resilience in young immigrants and to determine what differences there were compared to the young non-immigrant population, analysing the sociodemographic and psychosocial variables that are most predictive of resilience in these young people from Morocco. The total sample comprised 326 young men (M = 19.63 years; SD = 1.13), 154 were Moroccan immigrants aged between 18 and 22 (M = 19.33; SD = 1.28) and 172 non-immigrant Spanish men aged between 18 and 23 (M = 20.1; SD = 1.06). The results showed a higher level of resilience in young immigrants than in young people from the general population, with negative inverse relationships in both samples between all the protective variables (optimism, hope, self-efficacy and social support) and anxiety and depression, and positive relationships with resilience. In addition, a predictive model of resilience in young Moroccan immigrants was found with adequate goodness of fit indices (R.sup.2adj = .81; F = 126.54; p < .001) made up of age, work, religion, hope, self-efficacy and social support. This study provides a useful characterization of resilience and vulnerability in young Moroccan immigrants. It is essential to promote the modulating factors that predict high levels of resilience in order to improve the early adaptation of this group to the destination country., Author(s): David Sánchez-Teruel [sup.1] , María Auxiliadora Robles-Bello [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411901.c, 0000 0001 2183 9102, Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, , Cordoba, Spain (2) grid.21507.31, 0000 0001 [...]

The pandemic produced by COVID-19 can lead the population to suffer serious psychological disorders. However, there are several psychosocial variables that can enhance resilient outcomes in adverse situations. The aim would be to establish the level of resilience of the general Spanish population exposed to a traumatic situation by the COVID-19 in order to identify which protective factors predict resilient outcomes. 1227 homebound people (863-70.3% women), aged 18-73 years (M = 28.10; SD = 12.88) reported on sociodemographic and psychological variables such as optimism, hope, self-efficacy and post-traumatic growth. Having a higher academic level ([beta] = .47; CI (95%) = .11-.34; p < .01), being autonomous ([beta] = .29; CI (95%) = 0.1-.09; p < .01), along with self-efficacy ([beta] = .42; CI (95%) = .71-92; p < .01) and to a lesser extent optimism ([beta] = .31; CI (95%) = .63-.84; p < .01) would be the predictive variables of a resilient outcome. A high level of statistical power (1-[beta] = 1) and effect size (f2 = 19.2) is observed. The Spanish population exposed to confinement presents high levels of resilience, but no relevant post-traumatic growth has taken place., Author(s): María Auxiliadora Robles-Bello [sup.1] , David Sánchez-Teruel [sup.2] , Nieves Valencia Naranjo [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.21507.31, 0000 0001 2096 9837, Department of Psychology, University of Jaen, , Jaen, [...]

Background: The people with Down syndrome who are now adolescents can face a self-report questionnaire with guarantees of being answered with validity to evaluate areas of development that traditionally have not been able to be evaluated. This is the case of emotional intelligence, measured in this research with the Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version-EQ-i:YV. Aims: To validate and analyse the scale's psychometric properties in adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: A two-stage cross-sectional investigation was conducted. The inventory consists of 60 items that measure 5 dimensions. The test was administered to 644 adolescents with Down syndrome. We carried out exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Outcomes: The 5-factor structure of the test was confirmed. The internal consistency of four dimensions and the EQ-i:YV's total calculated score yielded high values. Conclusions: This new version of the EQ-i:YV represents a valid and reliable tool to assess emotional intelligence in Spanish adolescents with Down syndrome.

Background/Objective: Researchers have traditionally reported that individuals with Down syndrome possess a strength in their social development, yet the opposite occurs with Asperger's syndrome. Based on this premise, we sought to assess effectiveness of the social skills training program. Method: Thirty adolescents aged 11 to 14 years with Down syndrome and Asperger's syndrome participated in the study. Results: Significant differences between both groups were detected in the posttreatment measures and a connection was found between adolescents' learning potential and the benefits gained. Conclusions: The training program is effective at improving the social skills under evaluation in adolescents with Down syndrome; however, this benefit is greater among adolescents with Asperger's syndrome.

Background: Adolescents who identify as sexual minorities often face social stigmatisation, which can lead to increased adversity and a higher risk of suicidal behaviours. However, there are also protective factors that may promote resilience to these risk behaviours. This study aims to identify factors that predict resilience in sexual minority adolescents with high suicidal vulnerability. Methods: The study sample comprised 78 self-reported LGBTIQ+ adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years old (M = 16.11, SD = 1.56) who had previously attempted suicide. They completed several psychosocial instruments to measure risk and protective variables related to suicidal vulnerability. Results: Entrapment was found to be the most predictive risk variable for suicide attempts. However, protective variables promoting resilience were also found, such as adequate parental communication, life satisfaction, and cognitive reframing. Discussion: The findings related to prevention of suicide attempts are discussed and we highlight the urgent need to enhance certain internal and contextual protective factors to promote resilience in the face of suicidal vulnerability in certain clinical subpopulations exposed to highly adverse situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Sexual and gender minorities are more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety caused by COVID‐19. However, they also have specific variables that have been little studied but which may protect them from this adverse situation. The aim of this study was to find out whether there were differences in socio‐demographic and psychosocial variables in two groups of Spanish gay young people (high and low resilience), and predictors of risk and protective factors were examined. Methods: Nine hundred and seventy‐nine young homosexuals (389; 39.73% self‐reported as women) aged between 18 and 26 years old who experienced mandatory confinement due to COVID‐19, completed an anonymous online questionnaire. Hope, perceived self‐efficacy, reappraisal index, coping humour, anxiety, depression were assessed along with socio‐demographic information. Data were collected between 15 and 26 April 2020. Results: Socio‐demographic variables that were predictive of highly resilient behaviour included being between 24 and 26 years old, living with LGBTI+ peers and living in big cities, protective psychosocial variables included reframing in reappraising the confinement situation, humour as coping, social support from significant others and self‐efficacy. Conclusion: This is one of the first studies on this subject of compulsory COVID‐19 confinement on young homosexuals in Spain. Mental health professionals and organizations should also include work on psychosocial protective factors, not just risk factors, to enhance resilient outcomes in this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early detection of suicide attempts remains a handicap for suicide prevention. Most studies have focused on risk factors, but few have assessed protective factors that promote resilient outcomes, especially in subpopulations vulnerable to suicide re-attempts. This study aims to create and adapt a new Scale of Resilience to Suicide Attempts (SRSA), and to analyse its predictive validity and diagnostic capacity for the detection of suicide re-attempts at six months in people who have made a previous attempt. Design and main outcome measures: The psychometric properties and diagnostic capacity of the resulting SRSA-18 scale were assessed in 229 persons (where 133–58.1% were women, aged 18- to 76-year old) who had made a previous suicide attempt. Factor analyses (AFE and AFC) yielded a three-dimensional structure with excellent goodness-of-fit indices RMSEA, high levels of reliability and adequate convergent validity with the Suicide Resilience Inventory-25 (SRI-25) scale. Additionally, the SRSA-18 has significant diagnostic power on suicide re-attempts across months of follow-up. Reliable and valid protective factor-based instruments for the detection of future suicide re-attempts may help in the prevention of suicide-associated mortality in specific clinical subpopulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social functioning of adults with Down Syndrome (DS) specially influences their quality of life. Emotional intelligence (EI) plays a key role in social outcomes because it is defined as a variety of social and emotional skills that enable people to be more effective in their personal and social lives. Thus, validated EI tests for use among adults with DS must be reliable. This study aimed to evaluate psychometric properties of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (EQ-i:YV) in adults with DS. A two-stage cross-sectional investigation was conducted. First, a pilot study (n = 10) was performed to test internal consistency and item analysis of the subscales; second, exploratory (n = 90) and confirmatory (n = 96) factor analyses were carried out. The 5-factor structure of the EQ-i:YV was confirmed: general mood, stress management, adaptability, interpersonal and intrapersonal. The internal consistency (alpha and split halves) of all five dimensions and the total calculated score of the EQ-i:YV yielded high values. This new version of the EQ-i:YV represents a valid and reliable tool to assess EI in Spanish adults with DS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions about the resilience of health care systems worldwide. In this regard, one group of people whose physical and mental health has been affected has been family caregivers of people with dementia. Objective: This study aims to identify the variables that predict a high degree of well-being in family caregivers of people with dementia during this period of mandatory lockdown. Methods: A total of 310 respondents participated in an online survey (266 women and 44 men) from various regions in Spain, aged between 20 and 73 years old (M = 46.45; SD = 15.97), and all were family members. Results: The results showed that there were notable differences in all the protective variables, together with a significant strong positive relationship between well-being and resilience (r = 0.92; p < 0.01) and with coping strategies (r = 0.85; p < 0.01), and there were also some significant negative relationships between well-being and difficulties in emotional regulation (ρ = −.78; p < 0.01). The most predictive variables of a higher level of well-being included the type of dementia (β = 1.19; CI (95%) = 1.01-1.29; p < 0.01), living in a large house (β = 0.97; CI (95%) =. 23-0.98; p < 0.01), social support as a coping strategy (β = 1.27; CI (95%) = 1.21-1.29; p < 0.01) and mainly resilience (β = 1.34; CI (95%) = 1.30-1.37; p < 0.01). Discussion: We discuss the importance of promoting higher levels of resilience through the development of protective psychosocial variables in caregivers of people with dementia exposed to situations of mandatory social isolation as a modulator of the psychosocial well-being of these family caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]