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2. Lineal Megalithic Scripts in widespread rocks, stones and a menhir structure in Zalamea la Real (Huelva, Spain)

Author

Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio, Lancha-Gómez, Félix, Ruíz-del-Valle, Valentín, Gómez-Ruiz, Adriano, Sánchez-Orta, Alejandro, and Suárez-Trujillo, Fabio

Subjects
Tartessos, Iberian, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Riotinto mines, Zalamea la Real, El Pozuelo, dolmen, Lineal Megalithic Scripts, LMS, semi-syllabary, Alcalar, Cumbres Mayores, Leisner, San Bartolome, slinger, King Solomon, Materials Chemistry
Abstract

Zalamea la Real is close to the biggest Mediterranean mines known in ancient times: Riotinto Mines (Huelva, Spain). Zalamea is within the South Iberia Pyrite Belt, which goes from Alcácer do Sal (Portugal) to Seville (Las Cruces Mines, at Gerena/Aznalcollar villages). It is a territory containing a high density of megaliths and neglected rocks/stones on the surrounding area which are rests of them. Zalamea district could be considered a megalithic region and also a megalithic context altogether, which is linked to mines of metal extractions since 3000 years ago. Probably, the main mines furnaces were at Zalamea. This metal richness could explain Tartessos flourishing, which could extend together with both the high megaliths density and the Southern Iberia Pyrite Belt through South Spain and Portugal. Indeed, common Iberian-Tartessian signary (sometimes admixed with Lineal Megalithic Scripts, a primitive evolutionary writing stage) had been used in this Iberian Pyrite Belt area. In the present paper ,we show our findings on Zalamea la Real engraved rocks/stones and menhirs with Lineal Megalithic Scripts and Tartessian signs, and put them in a context of other similar findings in a big European/African area (South Iberia, Canary Islands and South Algeria, Sahara Desert).

Published
2022

5. Class II HLA in Georgia Caucasus Tbilisi Georgians and their Mediterranean ancestry: The Usko Mediterranean languages

Author

Suarez Trujillo, Fabio, Rey, Diego, Bendukidze, Nina, Juarez, Ignacio, Sánchez Orta, Alejandro, Palaci Gruber, José, Martín Villa, Jose Manuel, Arnaiz Villena, Antonio, Suarez Trujillo, Fabio, Rey, Diego, Bendukidze, Nina, Juarez, Ignacio, Sánchez Orta, Alejandro, Palaci Gruber, José, Martín Villa, Jose Manuel, and Arnaiz Villena, Antonio

Abstract

CRUE-CSIC (Acuerdos Transformativos 2022), Georgia (or Sakartvelo in its own language) is a South Caucasus Mts. country with its easternmost part is enigmatically named Iberia, like the Iberian Peninsula, which may refer to rivers “Kura” and “Ebro” or their valleys respectively. Most of their inhabitants speak Georgian which is included within Dene-Caucasian group and Usko-Mediterranean subgroup of languages. The latter includes Basque, Berber, ancient Iberian-Tartessian, Etruscan, Hittite, Minoan Lineal A and others. In the present paper, HLA class II -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles has been studied and extended haplotypes calculated. Most frequent haplotypes are also of Mediterranean origin (i. e.: (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*13:01-DQB1*06:03, or (A*24-B*35)-DRB1*01:01-DQB1*05:01) and DA genetic distances show that closest world populations to Georgians are Mediterraneans. Georgians also show common extended haplotypes ((A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*13)-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 and (A*03-B*35)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01) with Svan people, a secluded population in North Georgia mountains. We can conclude that Georgians belong to a very old Mediterranean substratum according to both linguistics (Usko Mediterranean languages) and HLA genetics., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)/FEDER, Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

Published
2022

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