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Background and Objective: Children born small for gestational age (SGA) show higher risk of neurodevelopmental and cognitive abnormalities. The objective of this study is to determine in children born SGA the neurodevelopment during the first 2 years of life and to establish the influence of anthropometric data, gestational age, multiple gestation and perinatal factors., Patients and Method: Observational, prospective, descriptive and analytical study of the neurocognitive assessment performed, with Brunet-Lézine test, on SGA children (n=91) from 3 to 24 months of age, comparing with own controls., Results: Ninety-one SGA children, 47% girls, 83.5% single pregnancies; mean gestational age 37.7 weeks (standard deviation [SD] 2.1). Weight at birth 2,053g (SD 433.1), length 43.9cm (SD 2.6) and head circumference 31.7cm (SD 1.7). The SGA population shows significantly lower neurodevelopment than the control population, with a tendency to improve during the first 2 years of life. There are no differences by sex. SGA children born to multiple gestations have lower neurodevelopment only during the first year of life. There is a direct and positive correlation between weight, length and head circumference with neurocognitive development at 6, 9, 12 and 18 months. Gestational age correlated with better neurodevelopment at 3 and 6 months., Conclusions: Children born SGA present lower neurodevelopment than the control population. A greater impact on weight, length, and head circumference at birth is correlated with poorer neurocognitive development. Multiparity does not show significant influence on neurodevelopment evolution., (Copyright © 2021 SEEN y SED. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Short stature is the most frequent reason for consultation in Pediatric Endocrinology consultations and sometimes requires treatment with growth hormone. The aim of the study was to analyze the response to treatment based on its onset in pubertal or prepubertal stages and to analyze the possible benefit of an early onset., Patients and Methods: Longitudinal, retrospective and observational study in 139 patients treated for idiopathic growth hormone deficiency up to adult height., Main Variables Studied: (a) genetic background: maternal, paternal and genetic height; (b) perinatal history; (c) anthropometry during follow-up and at pubertal onset: weight, height, body mass index; (d) variables during follow-up and at pubertal onset: growth rate, bone age and growth prognosis. Final response variables: adult height, adult height with respect to target height, adult height with respect to initial growth prediction, adult height with respect to initial height at the start of treatment and adult height with respect to height at pubertal onset., Results: Total pubertal gain was 0.84±0.6 SD. 61.9% of the patients started treatment with rhGH in prepuberty. The initiation of treatment in the prepubertal stage and a higher total pubertal gain are correlated with a better final height (P=.001 and r=0.507, P=.00, respectively). Furthermore, a longer duration of treatment in pre-puberty is correlated with a better final response (r=0.328, P=.00)., Conclusions: The start of treatment in the prepubertal stage and its longer duration during this period are determining factors to achieve a good long-term response. Total pubertal gain was greater in patients who started treatment in the pubertal stage., (Copyright © 2021. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)