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Service design is a practice-based discipline developed as a co-creative and human-centred view of service-dominant logic (S-D logic). In the literature, operationalisation of S-D logic requires integration with other approaches that encourage continued interactions with users through the evolution of the design process. Emotional mechanics of gamification can facilitate these interactions, creating a conducive environment for value co-creation. We address the problematization of service design and try to operationalise SD logic as a theoretical framework. Emotional mechanics of gamification and the value co-creation are antecedents of service design. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of the emotional mechanics of gamification in service design to foster co-creation experiences. Value co-creation is included as a mediating variable in the relationship between the emotional mechanics of gamification and service design. A quantitative approach through structural equation modelling was applied. Simple random sampling and a self-administered questionnaire were used to gather data from 390 users of gamified sports applications. The study contributes to the literature on service design, gamification and value co-creation by proposing and validating a theoretical framework based on a mix of human-centred design and value-co-creation. It can also be applied as a practical tool in customer engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Absorptive capacity, technological collaboration and servitization are analyzed to establish ways to overcome the balance between products and services in manufacturing companies. A fresh perspective is introduced by presenting a framework for innovation strategy, moving beyond product-based R&D. Design/methodology/approach: The hypotheses are tested using data on Spanish firms in the high-tech chemical and pharmaceutical industries through ordinary least squares regression analysis. The sample consists of 112 manufacturing firms included in the Spanish Survey of Business Strategies. Findings: The results show that absorptive capacity facilitates servitization and that technological collaboration moderates the relationship between absorptive capacity and servitization. The synergies between absorptive capacity and technological collaboration for servitization are recognized from the perspective of open innovation as a way of resolving the trade-off between products and services. Research limitations/implications: Future research should introduce more sources of collaboration by broadening the value chain perspective. Other approaches to innovation may also be considered, including relationships to process innovation. Practical implications: The results can provide meaningful guidance for companies to determine the key opportunities of servitization driven by absorptive capacity, and the best ways to leverage open innovation and collaboration strategies to exploit such approaches. Originality/value: This research enriches theories on servitization, open innovation and innovative behavior. Open innovation strategy should be linked to greater servitization activity and should support an open service strategy. This approach is crucial for building innovation capabilities through technological collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el tratamiento técnico actuarial del seguro de vida, tras valorar cuantitativamente la probabilidad individual de fallecimiento de cada póliza, es necesario agregar los resultados individuales para obtener una representación de la siniestralidad total de la cartera. Se presta, en este trabajo, especial atención a carteras de pólizas con seguro de muerte, investigándose las más adecuadas distribuciones representativas de la siniestralidad. Se analizan métodos para obtener la distribución exacta y distribuciones aproximadas según la Teoría del Riesgo Individual. Se expone y critica el método clásico, dentro de la Teoría del Riesgo Individual, que aproxima la distribución de siniestralidad a una distribución normal. Se exponen posibles aproximaciones mediante la distribución de Poisson compuesta o generalizada, siguiendo la Teoría del Riesgo Colectivo. En todas las aproximaciones se realiza un estudio de los errores y del número de cálculos necesarios. Además, se analiza la hipótesis más relevante asumida: la independencia entre riesgos (efectos y soluciones) y se concluye con recomendaciones según las posibilidades de cálculo para la cartera de pólizas con que se trabaje.

En el seguro de vida, se destacará el interés de los denominados modelos o funciones de supervivencia como instrumentos imprescindibles en distintas fases del análisis de mortalidad. El estudio se adaptará a los mejores datos reales disponibles en las aseguradoras respecto de la población objetivo (población asegurable): datos de pólizas que evitan sesgos derivados del uso de tablas de población general. Se analizará la utilidad de los modelos de supervivencia actuarial a tres niveles. En primer lugar, se mostrará la necesidad de utilizar hipótesis de mortalidad intraintervalo para estimar las probabilidades anuales de muerte que permitan obtener un modelo tabular. En segundo lugar, los modelos se emplearán en la denominada graduación paramétrica para mejorar las estimaciones iniciales incorporando información sobre relaciones existentes en el conjunto de estimaciones y sobre creencias previas a las observaciones. En tercer lugar, nuevos modelos serán los instrumentos que proyecten el fenómeno de la mortalidad a futuro según la dinamicidad del colectivo estudiado respecto a la mortalidad. Se presentará una visión actual de las posibilidades existentes, valorando las alternativas y trabajos empíricos ya realizados, y ofreciendo nuevas posibilidades.

The objective of this study is to provide empirical evidence on the determinants of environmental strategy. The authors analyze the key factors that lead the firm to implement a particular environmental behavior that translates into a specific environmental strategy. The factors considered are firm size, management's attitude toward the environment, and the perceived importance of the stakeholders in influencing the firm's environmental practices. The study focuses on the Spanish automotive sector. Using a typology of environmental strategies commonly used in the literature, the firms are classified into four groups: reactive, defensive, accommodative, and proactive. The relations between these strategies and the determinant factors are analyzed. The analysis also considers the different components of the value chain in the automotive sector. The results show a positive relation between the level of development of the firm's environmental strategy and the factors analyzed. The factors characterizing a proactive compared to a reactive environmental strategy are larger firm size, managers more committed to the environment, and greater perceived importance of the stakeholders in influencing the firm's environmental practices. This evidence reveals the key factors that encourage firms to adopt a particular environmental strategy in this sector. Finally, concern for the environment has spread throughout the entire value chain, affecting the environmental strategy of both suppliers and car manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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