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Stereotype is a type of social bias massively present in texts that computational models use. There are stereotypes that present special difficulties because they do not rely on personal attributes. This is the case of stereotypes about immigrants, a social category that is a preferred target of hate speech and discrimination. We propose a new approach to detect stereotypes about immigrants in texts focusing not on the personal attributes assigned to the minority but in the frames, that is, the narrative scenarios, in which the group is placed in public speeches. We have proposed a fine-grained social psychology grounded taxonomy with six categories to capture the different dimensions of the stereotype (positive vs. negative) and annotated a novel StereoImmigrants dataset with sentences that Spanish politicians have stated in the Congress of Deputies. We aggregate these categories in two supracategories: one is Victims that expresses the positive stereotypes about immigrants and the other is Threat that expresses the negative stereotype. We carried out two preliminary experiments: first, to evaluate the automatic detection of stereotypes; and second, to distinguish between the two supracategories of immigrants’ stereotypes. In these experiments, we employed state-of-the-art transformer models (monolingual and multilingual) and four classical machine learning classifiers. We achieve above 0.83 of accuracy with the BETO model in both experiments, showing that transformers can capture stereotypes about immigrants with a high level of accuracy.

Objective: To identify items to design a questionnaire to assess IADL in the elderly in the community., Design: Delphi study., Location: Community setting, primary health care., Participants: Fifty seven multidisciplinary experts (family doctors, geriatricians, physiotherapists, social workers, male nurses) who are members of the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine or the Spanish Geriatrics and Gerontology Society., Methods: Three consecutive questions sent via e-mail or fax. First: what items you would take into account in a questionnaire to assess IADL in the elderly? Second: out of the groupings select 10 you consider to be of special relevance? Third: among the 14 more most selected items, select, by scoring from 1 to 10, the ones you consider more important? In the end we obtained the 10 items to include in the questionnaire according to their scores., Results: Thirty experts answered the 3 mailings. The 53 initial proposals were grouped into 24 items. In the end we obtained the following selection (from higher to lower score): dealing with medication, use of the telephone, housework, handling money, walking outside the home, security measures and risk avoidance, shopping, dealing with doors and keys, transport use, and means of social contact., Conclusions: Only 2 items could have gender influence (in contrast to other questionnaires), as "shopping" does not refer only to the household ones and "housework" also includes activities carried out by males. The most important items are "dealing with medication" (due to the high prevalence of problems and clinical outcomes) and "the use of the telephone" (survival item).